中医考研真题下载

【10月28日】 考研余53日大助攻！ 中医考研Anki 极致真题库 中医诊断学与中药学已经落地了 统计为3400张卡片！相关同仁找我领取！ 西医综合5门科目19110张卡片已经全部落地用法介绍：1.这个真题其实是一个题海，可以当 搜索器用！直接搜索年份加题号就能直接找到那个题！比如搜索2019N30A 三秒钟就能直接定位，然后用预览功能直接搞定！直接爽歪歪2. 可以当医考帮用！点击左下角按钮 直接展现每个题目的所有解析，就达到了医考帮模式！3.命题人模式:可以跨学科纵向 检索相关关键词！比如搜索 低白蛋白血症 就把内科学 肾小球疾病 和病理学的肝硬化腹水形成机制 有关考点搜索出来了！呜呼太爽了 4.筛选记忆 ：可以把相关搜索拎出来单独形成数据进行循环记忆！搞定之后再还原就行！5.可量化的学习：比如说每一块学习 100张卡片，然后再设置新学习为零，复习全部！就可以学完100张之后复习了！可量化心中有数 想学多少学多少！6.等等其他优势不再列举 现在已经全部完成中医综合 西医综合重点知识和真题库 相关部分，考研英语阅读理解张剑黄皮书Anki一盘棋，考研政治历年 选择题分析题，会做肖8，308护理综合，西医执业医师！评论区为中药学真题库！

很多同学找我交流说 终于找回了爽快的感觉，其实还不是最爽！一定要在设计版面上，字体 颜色的清爽程度上！逻辑的科学上 进一步优化升级 没有最好 只有更好！对抗遗忘学习 不是空洞的口号 而是实践的行动！每一次 升级优化背后都是近8小时的付出！ 整理过思维导图 梳理过幕布的人应该了解！比这种要麻烦5倍 因为有里边有音频，付出自己的时间 而且手工做出来！ 获得之后且用且珍惜 共同持久 终身学习！【10月26日】 执业医师科目药理学升级为最新！ 最近医学考研科目 诊断学医学人文知识 完全为最新！ 西医综合 历年考研Anki 95~2019年极致抗遗忘真题库文字升级为蓝色字体经测试更加清爽！西医综合重点知识已经全部升级完成 中医综合已经落地，方剂学方歌最新落地！ 中医综合历年考研 95~2019年Anki真题库 中医诊断学 中药学部分已经完成！ 考研英语阅读理解张剑黄皮书 2017~2019年 已经完成 考研政治优题库 Anki全部完成！考研英语作文朱伟网课版 用大纲伸缩+拼写功能 正在实施中..... 相关同仁可以 查看评论区链接 找我交流领取 遇见Anki，预见更强的自己！

Hello各位小伙伴们大家好，2021考研已经正式结束，想必大家此时最想要的就是今年的考试真题，而小卓今天就给大家带来了PDF格式的真题和答案解析文件，供大家免费下载！真题下载方法：关注公众号【天津卓越兴考研】并回复“真题”，即可得到真题百度云下载链接。

【10月23日3.0版本】考研还有58天 ，西医诊断学继前三次升级之后，已经全部落地！ 当你遇到一些疾病的症状 还有一些检查不会的时候，西医诊断学至关重要！ 耗时50多个小时 打造的这个中医诊断学 在我看来已经非常完美的版本！ 现在已经全部落地西医和中医的重点知识和西医Anki5000多个题目真题库！ 中医真题库落地了中医诊断！如果都能刷完这些的话 那西医综合 240+还是没问题的！ 首先 量足够大 第二 对抗遗忘增量学习威力很猛！ 1.01的n次方已经了不得！ 考研政治优题库+肖四肖八ing， 考研英语阅读理解张剑黄皮书、考研英文作文网课版朱伟，308护理综合，非自主命题院校。 评论区为西医诊断学全部

2021考研初试专业课科目考试已经结束了，文都考研网及时为大家整理2021考研专业课真题及答案解析，希望对各位考生有帮助，本文整理：2021考研中医临综真题考后点评。首先，先祝贺各位21考研的学子，今天过后，将是新的开始，不管考试成绩好坏，都是人生一次不错的转折点!对于如何学好中医临综专业课，主要分为以下几个步骤进行：第一步属于导学，学会考研专业课怎么复习，大概考察哪些内容及科目就可以了。第二步属于基础学习，基础学习需要的不是把每个知识点都记住，而是要能够把笔记做好，知道哪里是重点，尽量去记忆，重点放在中基中诊中药方剂四个科目即可。第三步是强化阶段，需要高强度背诵知识点，中药方剂此时变成了中医里的英语单词，需要每天巩固一定的数量，反复学习，其他几个科目需要以背诵记忆为主，最 佳是精准记忆，一字不差最 好。最后是冲刺阶段和押 题阶段，这个阶段是背诵必考点，掌握做题技巧，充分为考试及模拟考场状态做准备。例如，在做题中掌握题眼做题法，可以快速且准确的帮助你们解决病历题。阴虚的题眼有且只有四个:烦;盗汗;形体消瘦;舌红少苔，脉细数。气虚题眼:乏力;气短;神疲;动则加重等。在2018年考研真题的第42题:患者女性，54岁。糖尿病史3年，近来胸胁隐痛，时作时止，心悸气短，动则益甚，倦怠乏力，舌质淡红少津，脉细。治法宜选用A.益气温阳，活血通脉B.温补阳气，振奋心阳C.益气养阴，活血通脉D.滋阴清热，养心和络四个选项就可以快 速通 过题眼做题法定出气阴两虚，从而选择C选项。除了技巧还可以通过锻炼真题试卷来掌握真题题号对应的知识点，从而对考试更加的得心应手，让自己在考场上更加有信心。接下来的就是拿下研究生录取通知书!

“万象打卡”第三天，我的考研故事《学霸炼成记》第6篇——别囤资料，考研真题才是最好的复习资料！万事开头难，应届生考研最开始也是从购买复习资料开始的。但是作为一个考研小白，面对市场上琳琅满目的辅导书也会不知从何下手。随着近几年考研人数的激增，市面上的考研资料也是五花八门，而内容也是参差不齐，那么我们该如何挑选考研复习资料呢？没看完的黄皮书我记得我当时选择资料的时候，还特意去网上搜了很多资料，查询了各大论坛贴吧。从前辈们那里吸收了不少的经验，有的学长写的经验帖非常详细，从准备到考试，从复习科目到注意事项，真的非常感谢乐于分享的前辈们。除了看论坛的经验帖，我也咨询了一位考研成功的学姐。她以400+的初试成绩，被上海交通大学录取，这让一个普通渣渣二本学校的我甚是崇拜。于是有机会就去请教她，而学姐也非常热心，给我讲了很多她考研的故事和感受。在她的推荐下，我买了几本复习资料，终于有了自己的辅导书，开始正式复习。然而，前期总觉得考研复习很简单，我得多参考一下，于是控制不住，买了很多的复习资料。每天去自习室看到堆满书桌的复习资料，心里甚是开心，觉得自己有这么多资料，一定能考上的。然而，最终的事实上，我一直到考研初试，有一本800篇阅读理解的黄皮书都没有做完。我的经验购买复习参考书一定要参考别人的意见和建议，最好是多比较一下，如果是网购，可以看一下评论，或者找学长学姐帮忙参考一下。如果某本书被历年的学长学姐推荐，那么你就放心购买，比如每年的肖秀荣老师，总是能给大家带来惊喜。参考书并不是越多越好，并不是你购买的复习资料越多，你就能考上！看着满满一桌子参考资料确实很有成就感，但是考研复习时间有限，你不可能把所有的参考资料都看完。复习资料贵在精，而不在于多。含金量高的复习资料，需要你反复去看。最后，我想说历年真题才是最好的复习资料，不要留着到最后一个月才看，也不要做完一遍就以为自己看过了。我考研的时候，把高数十年真题做了3遍，英语真题做了3遍，也正是因为反复琢磨真题，到了考场上才会得心应手！

找不到考研真题，复习毫无方向，那些读研的人是如何获得真题的？对于每一位打算考研的同学来说，备考之前最让人头疼的就是如何获得报考院校的历年考研真题！毫无疑问的是，历年真题的重要性特别大，考过研的同学都深有体会！那些专业课考到140以上的学霸肯定都是把考研真题研究透彻的同学，但是没有考研真题的话复习不得法，考不到高分，很可能考研失败！那么，在哪里找考研历年真题呢？那些读研的人是如何获得考研资料的？部分院校已不提供考研历年真题，别走弯路，获得真题的好方法在此近几年考研热度居高不小，部分院校已经不再提供考研历年真题，很多同学在考研备考阶段走了很多弯路，就是因为没有真题在手，复习的特别盲目，到最后也没考高分，也没读研。小水在这里结合自身考研的经验，给大家分享一下获得考研历年真题的渠道，想读研的同学请牢记！01、直接去目标院校购买虽然大部分的院校已经不提供考研历年真题，但是还有一些学校会提供一年的考研真题，也就是去年刚考过的那一届真题。不过，你要去学校的研招办询问，他们会直接告诉你是否有。如果你本身不方便，可以找目标院校的学生帮忙打印并邮寄！02、准研究生学姐或学长那获得相比于上面的方法，这个方法可谓是最靠谱的了。无论是考上还是没考上的同学，他们那里大都会有目标院校的考研真题。这里为何要单独强调准研究生呢？主要是他们刚考上，肯定有考研真题在手，而且是考上研究生的，对于真题和复试都有自己的见解，如果此刻结交了，在你进入考研复试的时候也能对你有很大的帮助！不过，对于准研究生来说，他们的资料不是那么好获得的，一般都需要花钱才能做到，毕竟考上研究生的人不会轻易将资料免费送你的。这里注意区别真假，有的骗子就是冒充学长学姐骗钱的，同学们注意！03、网上搜索回忆版现在网络比较发达，很多读研的同学会把考研真题和经验分享到网上，这个时候考生可以根据自己掌握的信息区分。考研真题哪怕是回忆版都比没有强！因为有了真题在手，你复习也有一个方向，再结合考研参考书目的话，基本上就是成功了一半！04、网上多渠道购买对于考研真题，很多人都知道它的重要性，所以网上有很多机构就是卖真题赚钱的。当然也有一些正规的渠道可以购买，考生要注意区分，购买的资料有真有假，需要你结合自身报考的学校分辨才行！以上是大部分读研的同学获得考研真题的方法，找不到真题的同学可以试试。当然，你如果遇到一些比较好心的学长或学姐，如小水这样的，有考研真题是会直接无偿给予的，不过你也得是那位有缘人才行。你还知道其他搜集考研真题的渠道吗？欢迎留言分享您的观点！

不少同学的数学已经过完一遍了，也有开始着手真题的同学，大家都知道真题的重要性，真题可谓是考研复习过程中的核心资料。现在就开始刷真题的同学可以从87年的开始刷起。如果你的数学还是处于第一遍基础阶段，那就继续学，必用过早的着急用真题，不然真题的价值真的就大打折扣啦！既然真题这么重要，那真题到底刷几遍？市面上真题资料那么多选谁的呀？真题刷几遍具体刷几遍都是看你自己的具体情况、进度等等，以下是参考建议啦~1第一遍刷真题87-04年真题，不用作为考试掐着时间点做，如果错了很多，也不要担心，可能是因为早年的真题风格和现在是完全不同的，你需要做的是找到错误的题对应的知识点，然后复习相关内容，可以针对性的刷下1800或者1000等资料上相关部分的题，也可以回顾强化课的笔记，然后总结下不同知识点的思路和方法。04-19年的真题，就要严格按照时间考试，基础好的建议限时2.5小时内刷完，基础不好的限时3小时，掐短时间可以营造考场氛围，也能让注意力更集中。注意草稿纸上算题要工整，一方面方便检查，另一方面，有些考场可能只给1张草稿纸，自己一定要合理利用。2第二遍刷真题可以根据自己的情况留下2~3年的真题作为考前模拟，等一刷结束后，可以按照专题二刷真题，这个时候你就要清楚每道题对应了什么知识点，什么知识点对应有什么解法，比如求极限，你就要想到基本的极限类型以及定积分定义，幂函数定义，夹逼定理等。然后对于不理解的地方要去复习笔记，资料书，然后再去做做题进行巩固。3第三遍刷真题当二刷结束后，可以三刷真题的错题，这个阶段不仅要做真题错题，还要刷以前做错的题。所以从一刷二刷那会儿可以养成标记错题或者使用错题本的习惯。如果时间充裕还可以每周刷套模拟题练手，主要看自己的节奏而定。模拟题也要保证能三刷，保证拿到题有思路。小Tips如果真题正确率极高，也不要迷之自信，因为可能你刷的题中已经刷过了这些真题，而当你遇到新题的时候可能就没有这么好的手感，这些同学可以适当刷刷模拟题，拓展思维对于二刷错误率较高的同学，也不要过于悲伤，现在暴露情况总比考的时候出现好，抓紧复习相关知识，一定要针对性的做题，总结题型和思路。慢慢就会好起来了，这个时候不要去和别人比，也不要做模拟题，先安心吃透真题。用谁的资料有的同学在用书方面可能会出现不知道用用谁的资料，其实在真题资料大同小异，主流的就是汤老师，张宇，永乐的。比较推荐的是张宇的《真题大大全解》，不仅为专题做了一本书，还将历年真题做成了卷子形式，做的时候更有在考场的感觉，而且真题数量也比较多。当然如果已经买了其他真题也不用换，毕竟都是真题，内容是不会变的。

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. 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