张宇考研2019题套

文| 李彦慧欢迎关注：说教育张宇老师讲解考研数学压轴题就在一个小时前，张宇老师发起了2019考研的第一讲，现场十分还放了几个“金蛋”。宇哥在演讲中讲解了2018年考研数学的压轴题，该题需要用到拉格朗日中值定理，然而狡猾的命题人将题目包装得很紧密，无数考研党都没有看出来拉格朗日的“真身”。为了让2019的考研学子们记住拉格朗日这号人物，宇哥直接把拉格朗日的头像和出生年份放到了大屏幕上，顺便还写了两个成语叫做“一面之缘，生死之交”！其实考研党自从和拉格朗日有了一面之缘后，用不了多久就会和他成为生死之交！因为考研数学真的离不开这位大数学家！当事人回顾考研数学压轴题2018考研的学子现场回忆了自己做压轴题的感觉，压轴题本身就给人以强大的震撼力，更何况在时间的压制下，无数同学只能选择放弃！还有一些18考研学子正在宾馆为明天的复试做准备，却不忘记给宇哥点个赞，这真是生死之交啊！现场还有抽奖环节，然而抽到的同学的电话却打不通，这可能是该节目的bug，因为主持人把中奖同学的电话号码亮了出来！也许就在那一刻，有无数调皮的考研党已经把目标电话被打“爆了”。考研大军何其多？考研大军何其多？宇哥直播都有几十万人听，看来2019考研党的压力又要比2018届更上一层楼了！最近这两年还有一个变化就是保送生越来越多，且考研调剂变得越来越困难。这其实并不难理解，研究生的招生水平整体变化不大，而考研党的人数却在持续增加，这不就是“僧多肉少”的表现吗？祝全天下的考研学子能把数学考到理想的分数，祝大家圆梦名校！

宇哥通宵达旦地写2019年的辅导内容，还也一如既往地给了相应的考研视频。他的视频内容至今让不少考研人恋恋不舍，却又不可能重新翻出来看了，因为青春已过万重山！张宇坦言自己曾通宵很多夜。这对于宇哥这个年龄来说他本人觉得难，不过很多考研的同学觉得张宇永远年轻帅气！张宇的数学风格是有点“奇特”的，不是平平无奇地照本宣科，也没有汤神那么“按部就班”，听他的课需要一定数学基础。张宇为19考研人打气二战考研的学长有话说：说实话，二战其实就知道该怎么学了。我觉得我去年最大的问题就是前一半时间基本没效率，我要是早知道该怎么学肯定能考的更好！在二战生看来，视频是最浪费时间的。18讲好多都是真题里的原题，所以30年真题完全不用做啦，其实做了也没啥用，过分看重真题的重要性完全没必要，老师们平时上课时都是按真题在讲。考研视频认认真真过一遍得了！多了浪费时间！考研人剑指李林有一些二战的考研人在一战时都没时间做1000题，二战时也从暑假才开始准备，就直接放弃1000题，36讲看四五遍，吃透20年真题，做闭关修炼。另外一些同学把36讲看一遍，1000题看一遍，40年真题看一遍，闭关修炼看一遍，8+4看一遍，我这里说“看”已经是客气了，没时间回头总结。前后两类人，您觉得哪类在考研中更有胜算？祝18考研人成功一战的“菜鸟”一定要先看看视频再自己决定！有学长回忆：我一战看了视频，二战也看视频。不过我是会暂停，把宇哥视频的例题思考过，基本上80%的题目都算出来再快速看视频，再听着宇哥讲解很舒服，豁然开朗。对我来说，我不觉得是浪费时间。而且书的总框架知识点还在，通透了之后，题是做不完的，但是思路方法和计算能力是在的。研一的同学怀念考研

近日，张宇在2019年考研数学新书发布会上除了分析2018年考研数学重基础、重计算、重知识点全面性的特点之外，还在最后的时候补充了一句话：“我相信世界存在黑暗，有黑才有白！”今年的考研并没有像17年那么皆大欢喜，它的难度据说又创新高，超越2016年？2016年和2018年考研的情况还真是有些相似，不过16年考研泄题是“属实”，而18年考研泄题据教育部说是“不实”。宇哥的考研神图张宇老师讲课比较在乎思想层面，他很少强制带着考研同学去套题型。张宇的数学有长处也有短处，长处是易于吸收，易于记忆，易于推广，比如泰勒公式的一些列“狗表情”，2019考研人应该很快可以看到。不过张宇在讲中值定理或者积分等问题时，讲得有些粗糙，对于基础第一轮的学生还好，如果是到了考研后期，那肯定会暴露出一些问题。另外，说笑的同时，也消耗了我们大量的时间。本人只是站在第三视觉的角度去看待张宇老师的讲解，并无他意。考研同学的理解言归正传，张宇讲的那句话其实另有深意。在2018考研人考完研的第二天凌晨的时候，汤家凤和张宇就发了关于“疑似那什么”的微博，可是后来好像被和谐了。中学课本上说，真正的勇士敢于面对淋漓的鲜血，现在才懂得其中的内涵。真正的乐观是知道生活中有一些黑暗，但仍然心向光明。希望大家的努力都有回报，19考研加油。我一直相信一句话：上帝是公平的，因为他对每个人都有不公平的时候。不管这次考研结果如何，让我们一起感谢张宇老师这一年来的陪伴！张宇老师确实长胖了某考研失利的同学：虽然知道自己不会再看2019版的书了，也不会再继续考研了，打算工作啦！谢谢老师的付出，这让我看到自己做的还远远不够。平时的犯懒、累都不算什么，毕竟我们的老师每天都这么努力，您让我有了奋斗的动力！向往阳光，走向阳光。有的时候黑暗会很诱人，但是它会毁了你…...”18考研人泪目！

2019考研，考研数学与2018/12/23上午11:30结束，考研学子考完试最关心的就是自己的考试答案，以便及时了解自己的考研情况，所以小编今天就来带大家看看今天的数学一真题解析！ 数学一真题与张宇老师教材对比张宇老师进行直播讲解数学真题，第一时间了解数学一真题信息！2019考研数学一真题解析

在2018考研之前，几乎所有考研的同学都只看李永乐老师的复习全书、张宇的十八讲或者汤家凤的笔记以及王式安等老师的课程。但是，从2018考研之后，2019考研的同学们有点相信残酷的现实的，张宇讲得再生动，汤家凤讲得再浅显易懂又有什么用？还不如多研究研究押题，这就是某19考研人的原话：“张宇和汤家凤都不错，但我只能选择李林！”考研数学李林的介绍如上所示为李林的相关介绍，该老师不仅是辅导机构的老师，而且还是大连理工大学数学系的老师，这显然有些不合常理，因为大连理工大学是不允许该校的任何在职老师参与考研辅导的。而李林老师的个人简历中就有一条是专门研究考试大纲的，且还具备多年数学辅导经验，这就意味着他已经连续多年参与线上线下的考研辅导了。2018年李林的传奇如上所示，有我网友仔细研究了李林的相关材料，不得不说李林的线性代数水平凌驾在李永乐大帝之上，超纲的二阶微分更是令不少同学冒冷汗并瑟瑟发抖。我想二战的考生明年可能会趋之若鹜，不过汤家凤已经在QQ上和考研同学说了：“不会再有19了。”其言外之意，我想大家都心里有数了。考研数学之数理统计今年尤其是数学一的同学对此体会最深刻，因为假设检验是数理统计的冷门考试内容，虽然考纲上有要求，不过已经20年未考了。结果今年李林老师突然让假设检验出现在大众面前，李老师的学生估计已经闷声呼呼大睡了，睡觉都笑醒了。所以考研学子不得不抱大腿，汤老师和张宇老师暂时也是自愧不如，无法超越。

当我们确定了目标院校和报考的研究生类型(学术硕士和专业硕士)之后，就需要根据目标院校的要求，查看自己考的是数一、数二还是数三。并没有统一的说法来说专业硕士一定考数二，比如大部分985高校就规定了专业硕士的数学考研科目也是数一。接下来，我推荐几本不错的考研数学资料，供大家参考，希望能够帮助到正在考研的大家。考研大纲无论公共课、基础课还是专业课，都需要结合去年的考研大纲里面要求的考试内容来复习，因为2019年的考研大纲将会在今年的9月中旬发布，根据考研大纲复习，自己可以目标明确地掌握知识。当然了，如果考研报班的话，复习按照辅导班老师的要求走就可以了。课本首先在复习数学之前需要看一下课本，高数上下册、概率论与数理统计和线性代数的课本，把基础打好，注意书中知识点的结构。关于教科书的复习，张宇有一套《张宇带你学》系列，这个是紧扣课本的，很详细。图片源自网络复习资料个人比较推荐张宇的36讲以及配套的历年考研真题、题源探索1000题以及最后的几套卷。可能由于宇哥的书知识点言简意赅吧、排版清晰、针对性强，学习起来自己能把握住考研的主线。另外还有二李的复习全书及其配套教材，报辅导班的话，还有各个辅导班老师出的教材，也都是挺不错的。视频资料如果是报班的话，就不说了，但如果是自己复习，建议从某云上面收集历年辅导班的考研教学视频，我用的是宇哥的，学习起来还是很有帮助的，有些书中不明白的，看视频也可以看懂。图片源自网络除了上述的介绍之外，自己还需要结合数学考研大纲，2019年的考研大纲还没有出来，预计今年9月份发布。在此之前可以参考18年的考研大纲，这样复习起来有一个侧重点；等新大纲出来之后，会有各个辅导机构关于新大纲变化的讲解，到时候注意查漏补缺就可以了。

2019考研，考研数学与2018/12/23上午11:30结束，考研学子考完试最关心的就是自己的考试答案，以便及时了解自己的考研情况，所以小编今天就来带大家看看2019考研数学三真题详细信息！数学三真题与张宇老师教材对比张宇老师进行直播讲解数学真题，第一时间了解数学三真题答题情况2019考研数学三真题解

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

十一月已经过半，相信很多研友都在忙着刷真题，但是刷真题只是简单地做一篇、然后再对着答案改一遍就完事了吗？今天小编就来告诉大家，如何更加有效地在最后一个月的时间里利用真题。一、如何复习真题这个其实很关键了，有些同学题目一做，答案抄完，然后就把试卷扔在一边，其实这是非常错误的。这种复习方式简直是在浪费时间。第一，必须严格按照考试时间和纪律做真题。完全按照考试时间来，中途不许上厕所不许玩手机不许聊天。就假设自己正在考研，找一张白纸作为答题纸，书写工整、字迹清晰、步骤明确，不得跳步越项。切忌草草了事，敷衍应付！第二，认真根据答案批改这里要先提醒一点，每年考试难度都不一样，所以不必太在意分数。更不可因为某年的试卷分数过低还怀疑自我，保持心态最重要。批改过程中要做好记录，查漏补缺。一定要按照答案要求严格批改，必须自己对自己负责。哪怕分数低点也没关系。第三，错题集有这个相信很多同学都有。其实在复习的最后阶段，我们只需要复习错题集就足够了。有了错题集、你的目标会更加明确，心态也会更加的踏实自然，可以"有的放矢";而不会明明紧张得要死，却发现"无事可做"。也就是说，错题集存在的根本原因，是为了给你提供一个复习的目的。它会很明确地告诉你，你还有哪些软肋、还有哪些知识点没掌握。会为你后面的复习提供一个目标，不至于让你太过于盲目。下面小编来根据具体学科为大家提供真题复习的范围和推荐书籍。二、高等数学这可以说是考研最大的一个门槛，无数人都挂在那颗名叫“高数”的树上。其实考研数学的命题，都是从题库中选取的题目，出题规律很明显，真题利用价值非常高，所以做真题是性价比非常高的复习方式。1、范围考研数学的真题总共有1988-2019总共32年的试卷。其中1988-1996(共5个卷种，卷1、2相当于现在的数学一，卷3相当于现在的数学二，卷4、5相当于现在的数学三)，卷面分值100分；1997-2002(数学一、二、三、四各一套试卷)，卷面分值100分；2003-2008(数学一、二、三、四各一套试卷)，卷面分值150分；2009-2019(数学一、二、三各一套试卷)，卷面分值150分。当然没有必要把这么多试卷全做了，小编这里推荐大家只需要做1997年之后的题目就可以。有些同学可能会疑惑，为什么要做这么二十年前的试卷呢？原因有两个，第一，早年的真题有一些相当经典的题目，试卷的质量也比较高，例如98和99两年的。第二，考研大纲几十年来变化一直不大，不像中学教学大纲，隔几年就改版一次。所以即使二十年前的试卷仍然有一定参考价值。2、书籍推荐这里给大家推荐两本首先是大名鼎鼎的李永乐！这位大神不多解释了，大家都懂得。这本书主要对2005以后的真题进行了详细解析，但是也附赠了1987-2005的试卷和答案。还有一位也是很多研友耳熟能详的老师——张宇！这本书收录了1987年以后所有考研真题详解，也是非常好的真题解析教材。三、英语1、范围英语真题不需要像数学那样做那么多，建议至少做到除去近三年真题外，其他年份的真题的4篇阅读都刷过一遍。得阅读者得天下。2、错题集英语的错题主要在于词汇、语法记忆不全和长难句的分析方面。因为英语归根到底还是一个需要大量记忆及背诵的科目。3、推荐书籍张剑黄皮书，这也是考研圈中非常有名的一位老师了，相必大家都不陌生。他的真题覆盖范围也比较广，解析比较透彻，是本不错的辅导书。四、专业课这是一个非常麻烦、非常需要人脉的事情。因为大多数高校是不会提供专业课的真题的。而且各个高校、尤其是自主命题的高校，对于外校考研的学生其实不是那么友好的。很多同学在考研专业课上走了很多弯路，就是因为没有真题在手，复习的特别盲目，甚至连大概难度都无法预测，最终栽了跟头。1、直接去目标院校购买虽然大部分的高校已经不提供考研历年真题，但是还有一些学校会提供上一年的考研真题。建议你去学校的研招办询问，运气好的话他们会提供一份。在院校附近的一些打印店里，会有老板卖该院校的专业课真题，不过比较贵，大概300块一份。黑心商家啊！2、找研究生学长学姐要这个方法可谓是最靠谱的了，但是非常考研你的人脉。对于那些刚考上研究生的学长学姐们，大部分都有真题、或者有渠道获得真题。而且是考上研究生的，对于真题和复试都有自己的见解，如果此刻结交了，在你进入考研复试的时候也能对你有很大的帮助！这里注意区别真假，有的骗子就是冒充学长学姐骗钱的！每年都有无辜的研友们上当受骗，这里建议线下交易。3、网上搜索现在网络比较发达，很多读研的同学会把考研真题和经验分享到网上，这个时候考生可以根据自己掌握的信息区分。考研真题哪怕是回忆版都比没有强！但是网上信息鱼龙混杂、真假难辨，各位研友要谨慎！4、多渠道购买专业课真题，因为比较难以获得，所以网上有很多电商就是卖真题赚钱的。淘宝上这类店家层出不穷，但也要小心挂羊头卖狗肉。还有一种是考研机构，他们也有自己的内部渠道能搞到真题，这种比较靠谱，因为一般人不会干砸自己招牌的事情。最后有的研友们会问，为什么没有政治的？其实政治这门课时效性很明细，真题的意义并不大，所以就不再推荐了。至于最后的模拟考试，推荐肖秀荣的四套卷和八套卷。还是和其他科目一样，完全按照考研时间和纪律来考试。