医学考研历年真题下载

考研文库：如何寻找考研院校历年真题？考研真题是很重要的复习资料，如何才能获得自己目标院校专业的历年真题呢？大家可以淘宝看看，网上搜下，或者找学长学姐问问，如果都无法获取，可以找考研机构，新祥旭考研专门做一对一辅导的，辅导资料真题都很齐全，他们自己有建立一个为考研的同学方便查信息的文库—考研文库，各个院校专业的考研信息都很齐全，可以了解下。据我了解，新祥旭是05年做北大清华起家的，一开始的定位就在一对一高端定制辅导，师资方面一直都是强项，有很多院校稀缺专业的都能辅导，安排的师资也都是对口的，师资力量都是硕士以上学历的或在校或毕业的专业老师，能很好的抓住学校历年考研动态和信息，考研大家也都知道，信息是很重要的，你对学校专业的情况一无所知，那你怎么去复习呢对不对，所以新祥旭这方面做得很好，毕竟做了十几年，无论是辅导体系还是资料真题以及各个院校专业的考研动态都能很好的给同学们非常大的帮助。虽然学校大多都不公布真题，但是新祥旭考研研究生团队每年都会收集历年真题，一是为了给学生辅导把握考点和研究历年考试内容的变化，二是给学生提供这方面资料，还是非常好用的，推荐大家可以去关注下。

很多同学找我交流说 终于找回了爽快的感觉，其实还不是最爽！一定要在设计版面上，字体 颜色的清爽程度上！逻辑的科学上 进一步优化升级 没有最好 只有更好！对抗遗忘学习 不是空洞的口号 而是实践的行动！每一次 升级优化背后都是近8小时的付出！ 整理过思维导图 梳理过幕布的人应该了解！比这种要麻烦5倍 因为有里边有音频，付出自己的时间 而且手工做出来！ 获得之后且用且珍惜 共同持久 终身学习！【10月26日】 执业医师科目药理学升级为最新！ 最近医学考研科目 诊断学医学人文知识 完全为最新！ 西医综合 历年考研Anki 95~2019年极致抗遗忘真题库文字升级为蓝色字体经测试更加清爽！西医综合重点知识已经全部升级完成 中医综合已经落地，方剂学方歌最新落地！ 中医综合历年考研 95~2019年Anki真题库 中医诊断学 中药学部分已经完成！ 考研英语阅读理解张剑黄皮书 2017~2019年 已经完成 考研政治优题库 Anki全部完成！考研英语作文朱伟网课版 用大纲伸缩+拼写功能 正在实施中..... 相关同仁可以 查看评论区链接 找我交流领取 遇见Anki，预见更强的自己！

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以下考题来自考生回忆版，如有错误请大家留言指正。一、A型题：第1-36小题，每小题1.5分：第3781小题，每小题2分：共144 分。在每小题给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中，请选出一项最符合题目要求的。1. 下列叙述中，体现人与自然的关系是A. 尝贵后贱.可至脱营B. 形与神俱，不可分离C. 视其外应，以知其内脏D. 四季变动，脉与之I-.下2. “地气上而为云，天气下而为雨”（《素问阴阳应象大论》）体现的气机形式 是A. 气与形之间的转化B. 形与形之间的转化C. 气与气之间的转化D. 形体自身的更新转化3. 下列根据五行相生规律确定的治法是A. 佐金平木B. 泄心淸肝C. 疏肝健脾D. 培土制水4. 《素问水热穴论》“肾者，胃之关”的含义是A. 肾阳帮助脾胃的运化功能B. 肾气的固摄主司二便的排泄C肾为封藏之本，主司精的藏泄D. 肾气的蒸腾气化作用主司尿液的生成与排泄5. 卫气的分布特点是A. 熏于肓膜，散于胸腹B. 上出息道，下走气街C. 和调于五脏，洒陈于六腑D. 以三焦为通道，流经五脏六腑6. 贯股，入肺，络心的经脉是A手少阴心经B足少阴肾经C足太阴脾经D足厥阴肝经7. “｜大｜于湿，首如裹”，（《素问生气通天论》）主要反映的是A湿为阴邪，易伤阳气B湿性黏滞，易阻气机C湿性秽浊，蒙蔽心窍D湿性重浊，阻遏消阳A真.实假虚8. 因脾虚运化无力而肮腹胀满疼痛，时作时止A 真实假虚B真虚假实C虚实夹杂D由虚转实9. 下列有关标本的表述，错误的是A.正气为本，邪气为标B. 症状为本，病因为标C. 先病为本，后病为标D. 里病为本，表病为标10. 下列选项中，属于紧脉所主病症的是A. 气滞B. 疼痛C. 血瘀D. 惊恐11. 下列证型中，不属于白色主证的是A. 气虚证B. 阳虚证C. 实寒证D. 内湿证12. 下列各组舌象中，均可见于阴虚证的是A. 裂纹舌、 瘦薄舌B. 裂纹舌、强硬舌C. 点刺舌、短缩舌D. 瘦薄舌、吐弄舌13. 以浮、细、无力而软为特征的脉象是A. 伏脉B. 弱脉C. 濡脉D. 微脉14. 证见发热重恶寒轻，鼻流黄涕，心悸失眠.舌红少苔脉细数，可见于A. 表寒里热B. 表里俱热C. 表里俱实D. 表里俱虚15. 下列选项中，属于风淫证表现的是A. 手足震颤B. 手足蠕动C. 肢体麻木D. 皮肤瘙痒16. 胸胁胀满，咳嗽转侧引饮，苔白滑，脉弦A. 痰证B. 饮证C. 水停证D. 湿证17. 症见牙龈肿痛，舌红，脉滑数A. 胃火炽盛B. 小肠实热C. 肝胆湿热D. 肺热炽盛18. 眩晕，而红耳赤，腰膝酸软，舌红少津，脉弦有力者，证属A. 肝阴虚证B. OI PH上亢C. 肝火炽盛D. 肾阴虚证19. 解表宜生用，止泻宜煨用：A. 防风B. 葛根C. 升麻D. 苍术20. 治疗饮食积滞，泻而不畅的常用药是A. 火麻仁B. 大腹皮C. 大黄D. 甘遂21. 既能治疗风寒湿痹，又能治疗疥癣、湿疹的药物是A. 海桐皮B. 威灵仙C. 川乌D. 桑枝22. 惹茂仁具有而茯苓不具有的功效是A. 清心除烦B. 健脾C. 宁心安神D. 解毒散结23. 具有理气宽中，行气消胀药效的药物是A. 荔枝核B. 枳壳C. 川楝子D. 甘松24. 自然铜和苏木的共同功效是A. 活血止痛，化瘀止血B. 活血化瘀.续筋接骨C. 活血祛瘀，行气止痛D. 活血化瘀，疗伤止痛25天南星的功效A. 燥湿化痰，祛风止痉.散结消肿B. 燥湿化痰，祛风止痉，消痞散结C. 温肺豁痰，利气散结，通络止痛D. 温肺化饮，祛痰开窍，散结消肿26. 苏合香丸入丸散服的剂量A. 0.06-0.1gB. 0.3-1gC. 1.5-3gD. 5-10g27. 可用牡蛎不用龙骨的是A. 肝阳上亢.头痛眩晕B. 肾虚不顾，遗精滑精C. 瘗痂痰核，症瘤积聚D. 心神不宁，失眠多梦28. 蒿苓清胆汤的组成里所包含的药物A. 半豆、青皮B. 枳壳、竹茹C. 白术、茯苓D. 茵陈、滑石29. 以下方剂中含有白芷，芍药，黄芩，桔梗的是A. 柴葛解肌汤B. 九味羌活汤C. 大秦充汤D. 防风通圣散30. 木香槟榔丸的功用A. 消导化积，清热祛湿B. 润肠泄热，行气通便C. 行气导滞，攻积泄热D. 清热通便，行气活血31. 下列滋阴填精，益气壮阳为功效的方剂为A. 右归丸B. 肾气丸C. 地黄饮子D. 龟鹿二仙胶32. 患者大便秘结，腹胀满硬，神倦少气，口干咽燥，唇焦舌裂，苔焦黑燥裂， 脉沉细.宜用A. 麻子仁丸B. 増液承气汤C. 调胃承气汤D. 新加黄龙汤33. 患者下肢暗红微肿灼热，局部溃烂腐臭，疼痛剧烈，发热口渴，开红，脉数A. 五味消毒饮B. 四妙勇安汤C. 仙方活命饮D. 黄连解毒汤34. 下列方剂中，既能体现涩补兼济，又能体现心肾并调的是A. 缩泉丸B. 天王补心丹C. 金锁固精丸D. 桑螺靖散35. 配伍中重在健脾，辅以利湿去浊.稍佐疏用的方剂A. 完带汤B. 四君子汤C. 补中益气汤D. 痛泻要方36. 下列方剂中，适用于肺肾阴虚，痰湿内盛证的是A. 导痰汤B. 涤痰汤C. 金水六君煎D. 半夏白术天麻汤37. 男性，37岁。2天前因天气炎热长时间吹空调后出现咳嗽，咯吐白稀痰，白 服甘草片后症状缓解不明显。遂来诊，刻下症咳嗽声重，咯吐白痰.咽痒伴鼻塞， 流淸涕，恶寒无汗，舌苔薄白，脉浮紧，其治法宜选用A. 疏风清热，宣肺止咳B. 疏风淸肺，润燥止咳C. 疏风散寒，宣肺止咳D. 疏风宣肺，止咳化痰38. 女性，55岁。平素手足不温。1周前晨起外出活动时，突发心前区憋闷疼痛， 疼痛剧烈，心痛彻背，心悸，舌苔薄白，脉沉细，可选用的处方是A. 血府逐瘀汤合左归丸B. 瓜篓雄白白酒汤合涤痰汤C. 参附汤合右归丸D. 枳实殖白桂枝汤合当归四逆汤39. 女性，28岁。昨晚I大I饮食不洁出现腹痛腹泻，里急后重，便下脓血，赤白相 兼，肛门灼热，舌苔黄腻，脉滑数.宜选用A. 清热解毒，凉血止痢B. 清肠化湿，调气和血C. 调和气血，消食止泻D. 温中清肠，调气化滞40.女性，70岁。大便难解，欲便不得出，用力努挣后汗出短气，便后乏力，舌 苔薄白，脉弱，治宜选用A. 黄芷汤B. 润肠丸C. 济川煎D. 济生肾气丸41. 女性，45岁。头晕目眩，动则加剧，劳累即发，神疲乏力，唇甲色淡，心悸 不寐.舌淡苔薄白.脉细A. 天麻钩藤饮B. 归脾汤C. 半夏白术天麻汤D. 右归饮42. 男性，72岁。支气管哮喘病10年，抽烟史40年。10天受凉感冒，经治疗后 体温恢复正常，鼻塞，关节疼痛症状消失，刻下症：喘息不得平卧，咳痰淸稀、 下肢浮肿，心悸，面唇有紫，怕冷，苫淡苔白骨.脉沉数。选方用A. 苏子降气汤合三子养亲汤B. 真武汤合五苓散C. 小育龙汤合涤痰汤D. 补虚汤合参蛤散43. 男性，56岁。恶寒发热，品塞流涕，咳嗽，痰白，乏力气短，自汗，舌淡苔 薄白，脉浮无力。治法宜用A. 辛凉解表，疏风清热B. 辛温解表.宣肺散寒C. 益气养阴，疏风解表D. 益气解表，调和营卫44. 男性，65岁。慢性支气管哮喘病史20年。平时动则汗出，喘促气短，语声低 微，舌淡，苔白，脉弱，治法宜选用A. 健脾益气B. 补肺益气C. 敛肺平喘D. 补肾纳气45. 男性，33岁。两天前与朋友聚餐后出现胃痛。刻下症：胃痛剧烈，痛处拒按， 呕吐酸腐，大便两日未行，舌苔黄燥，脉沉滑。治宣选用保和丸合A. 香蕾散B. 枳实导滞丸C. 清中汤D. 大承气汤46. 女性，25岁。三年前感冒后出现双侧眼睑水肿，继而全身水肿，伴有发热咽 痛。经西医治疗后水肿缓解，近三年水肿时轻时重，此次无明显诱因双下肢水肿 加重，按之凹陷不易恢复，小便短少，四肢倦怠，纳呆便漉，舌淡苔白腻，脉沉 缓A. 实脾饮B. 胃苓汤C. 越婢加术汤D. 真.武汤47. 女性，60岁。2型糖尿病10年。口渴引饮，饮食减少，伴体重下降，精神不 振，四肢乏力，体痩，舌质淡红，苔白而F，脉弱，治宜选用A. 七味白术散B. K女煎C. 消渴方D. 六味地黄丸48. 某患者，3月前晚上未盖衣被后，刻下症：关节疼痛，阴雨天加重，其治法是A. 祛风通络，散寒除湿B. 化痰行瘀，蠲痹通络C. 散寒通络，祛风除湿D. 清热通络，祛风除湿49. 女性40岁。平素心悸不安与家人争吵后出现心痛、胸闷、心胸刺痛、唇甲青 紫、唇暗舌有瘀斑A. 柴胡疏肝散B. 安神定志丸C. 参附汤合右归饮D. 瓜萎旌白白酒汤50. 男性，36岁。一个月前因夜间睡眠没有盖被子受凉后出现腰痛.转展难侧， 酸痛困重，屈伸不利，舌质淡，脉迟缓，治法宜选用A. 祛风除湿，舒筋止痛B. 散寒除湿，温经通络C. 活血化瘀，通纟备止痛D. 补肾壮阳.温煦经脉51. 女性52岁。平素情态抑郁，一周后胸肋疼痛，发热恶寒交替，口苦口 F, 头痛心烦，舌苔薄白，脉弦A. 小柴胡汤B. 逍遥散C. 柴胡疏肝散D. 当归四逆散52. 下列符合“腧穴所在，主治所在”的是A. 针刺丰隆治疗癫狂B. 针刺阴谷治疗膝痛C. 针刺通里治疗咽痛D. 针刺鱼际治疗失语53. 下列有关毫针单式补泻手法的叙述，属于补法的是A. 徐徐刺入，急速出针B. 迎着经脉循行的方向刺入C. 吸气时进针，呼气时岀针D捻转手法向后重，向前用力轻者54. 下列选项属于远部取穴的是A. 咳嗽选风门B. 不寐选神门C. 胃痛选内庭D. 多汗选复溜55. 治疗郁证的主穴是A. 内关、部门、膻中、心俞、巨阙B. 水沟、大椎、内关、中冲、劳宫C. 内关、水沟、后溪、太冲、丰隆D. 印堂、百会、内关、太冲、神门（56-58题共用题干）男性，40岁。因饮食不规律5年前出现胃脘部疼痛，经治疗后好转.胃痛 时发时止。1天前因受凉后疼痛加重.遂来就诊。刻下症见：胃痛隐隐，喜温喜 按，神疲纳呆，大便澹薄，手足不温，片淡苔白，脉迟缓。56. 辨证为A. 湿热中阻证B寒邪克胃证C. 脾丹虚寒证D. 瘀血停胃证57. 选方为A. 一贯煎合芍药甘草汤B. 良附丸合香苏散C. 黄芭建中汤D. 木香黄连汤58. 若患者伴有泛酸，治宜选配A. 海螺蜻、煅瓦楞子B. 干姜、姜半夏C. 黄连、髙良姜D. 陈皮、竹茹（59-61题共用题干）男性，30岁。乙肝病毒肝炎病史2年。逐渐出现虹膜黄染，皮肤变黄，伴 舌淡不渴，头身困重，腕腹胀满，大便澹，舌谈苔腻，脉沉迟。59. 辨证为A. 阳黄之热重于湿B. 阳黄之湿重于热C. 阴黄之寒湿困脾D. 阴黄之瘀血阻滞60. 治宜选用A. 茵陈术附汤B. 茵陈蒿汤C. 整甲煎丸D. 茵陈四苓散61. 患者经上述治疗后黄染逐渐消退，仍见脱腹痞，肢倦乏力，胁肋隐痛，不欲 饮食，舌苔薄白，脉弦，宜选用A. 一贯煎B. 归芍六君子汤C. 逍遥散D. 黄芷益气汤（62-64题共用题干）男性，60岁。黄疸反复发作数十年。出现腹大胀满如蛙腹，晨轻暮重，肢 冷浮肿，血色苍黄，痞闷纳呆，舌胖苔白，脉沉细62. 其证候是A. 水湿困脾证B. 气滞湿阻证C. 脾肾阳虚证D. 川脾血瘀证63. 治宜选用A. 调营饮B. 附子理苓汤C. 实脾饮D. 肖苓汤64. 若出现腰膝酸冷，则应该加A. 山茱英、山药B. 木瓜C干姜、白术D. 淫羊帽、肉女蓉（65-67题共用题干）男性，52岁。近1月出现吞咽时有梗阻感，胸膈痞满，情绪抑郁时加重，嗳气频作，口 F咽燥，大便秘结，苫红，苔薄腻，脉弦滑65. 其证候是A. 肝气郁结证B瘀血内结证C. 津亏热结证D. 痰气交阻证66. 治方运用A. 沙参麦冬汤B. 启膈散C. 通幽汤D. 柴胡疏叶散67. 所选的治法是A. 补气健脾B. 化痰健脾C. 温补脾肾D. 化痰降逆（6870题共用题干）男性，59岁。高血压病史10年。昨日中午突发头晕目眩，语言不利.左侧 肢体软弱无力，口黏痰多，腹胀便秘，舌红，苔黄腻，脉弦滑。68. 针灸治疗宜主选A. 任脉，手少阴，足阳明B. 督脉，手太阳，足太阴C. 督脉，手厥阴，足太阴D. 任脉，手厥阴，足少阳69. 其配穴A. 太冲、太溪、足临泣B. 曲池、内庭、丰隆C. 丰隆、合谷、阴陵泉D. 气海、血海、足三里70. 该主大的治法A. 平肝潜阳，疏风通络B. 活血止痛，疏风通络C. 祛风化痰，疏风通络D. 清热化痰，疏风通络（7173题共用题干）女性.46岁。近半年烘热汗出，情志不宁，行经或前或后，伴头晕日眩. 心烦易怒，胸胁胀满，舌红少苔，脉弦细。71. 针灸治疗除任脉、相应背腧穴外还应选取A. 足太阴经B. 足厥阴经C. 足少阴经D. 足少阳经72. 其主穴是A. 中极、三阴交、带脉、脾俞、白环俞B. 关元、三阴交、肾俞、足三里C. 气海、三阴交、太溪、肾俞、用俞D. 气海、三阴交、脾俞、足三里73. 其配穴是A. 志室、命门B. 照海、涌泉C. 中肮、丰隆D. 风池、太冲74. 一般认为职业是人们常规谋生的手段，而专业是对公众期待的责任冇公开承 诺的职业团体。以下对医学专业叙述不正确的有A. 医学专业需要通过系统的训练B. 医学专业没有既定的职业目标C. 医学专业的定位高于利益需求D医学专业要求专业共同体自律75. 下列医生在与患者的语言交流中，属于恰当沟通用语的是A. “不检查，一切后果自负”B. “医学上的东西，跟你说多了你也不懂”C. “我们只管看病，其他事情管不了”D. “请按医嘱服药，病情有变化随时就诊”76. 女性.19岁、海外留学回国休假，患者诉出国后月经不调，担心因不适应国 外气候身体出现问题，此时最佳的诊疗是A. 关注月经异常情况并予以诊疗B. 关注月经情况，了解患者在国外的心理健康状况并予以诊治C. 关注月经情况，了解患者在国外的社会适应性并予以诊治D. 关注月经情况，了解患者在国外的心理健康状况和社会适应性并予以诊治和安 慰77. 女性，22岁。因急性淋巴细胞性白血病复发入院治疗，拒绝治疗，心情低落。 这时不合适的医患交流是A. 树立信心B. 强调治疗依从性，否则就转院治疗C. 建立良好的信任关系D. 帮助克服恐惧78. 辅助生殖技术符合伦理道是A. 为不育夫妇提供可选择性别的技术 R为夫妇提供增强下一代智力C. 为未婚女性提供精子或胚胎D. 为不孕夫妇解决生育问题。79. 医学遗传咨询，从伦理角度看，正确的是A. 医生的意见是指令性的，因为医生的意见是专业的B. 医生的意见是指令性的，因为医生与病人的价值是一致的C. 医生的意见是非指令性的，因为要以病人的价值为中心D医生的意见是非指令性的，因为要以医生的价值为中心80. 临床试验的目的是A. 受试者得到经济利益B. 受试者得到身体健康C. 医者得到论文材料D. 为了发展和推广应普遍的知识81.缺失二、B型题：82-105小题，每小题1.5分，共36分。A、B、C、D是其下两道 小题的备选项请从中选择一项最符合题目要求的，每个选项可以被选择一次或两 次。A. 心与肾B. 心与肺C肝与肾D.肺与脾82. 体现气血互用的关系的是83. 体现精神互济关系的是A.阻滞气机B.致病广泛C.病位固定.D.耗伤气血，84. 痰饮的治病特点是85结石病的治病特点是A. 痰火扰神B. 痰蒙神窍C. 风痰阻络D. 痰湿内阻86. 患者精神错乱，神昏瞻语，苔腻脉弦滑。证属87. 患者神志清楚，思维正常，言语咨涩，苔腻脉滑者。证属A. 血虚B. 血瘀C. 血寒D. 血热88. 阴道不规则出血，量多，色深红89.阴道流血不止，量少，色暗有血块，多见于A. 清热解毒，凉血止血，利湿退黄B. 清热解毒，息风止痉，淸IH明目C. 清热解毒，消肿止痛，凉肝定惊D. 清热解毒，消痈散结，通经下乳90. 重楼的功效91. 漏芦的功效A. 整甲B. 龟甲C. 墨旱莲D. 女贞子92. 既治阴虚火旺，头晕目眩，又治阴虚血热之崩漏，月经过多的药物是93. 既治阴虚阳亢.头晕日眩，又可治疗血滞经闭，痛癥.久疟疟母的药物是A. 乳香、没药B. 丹皮、丹参C. 桃仁、地龙D. 川乌、丹参94. 活络效灵丹的组成有95. 小活络丹的组成中含有A. 健脾丸B. 枳实消痞丸C. 半夏泻心汤D. 参苓白术散96. 肮腹痞闷，食少难消，大便澹薄，倦怠乏力，苔腻微黄，脉弱治宣选用97. 患者心下病满，不欲饮食，大便不畅，倦怠乏力，苔腻微黄，脉弦，治宜选 用A. 清热燥湿，分消止泻B. 温散健脾.燥湿止泻C. 温中散寒，化湿止泻D. 健脾益气，化湿止泻98. 患者泄下迫热，粪便黄褐恶臭，肛门红热，舌红苔黄腻，脉滑数。治宜选用99. 患者澹泄日久，食少纳呆，面色微黄，舌白苔薄，脉微细。治宜选用A腹痛湿热壅滞B腹痛肝郁气滞C腹痛饮食积滞D腹痛气滞血瘀100. 患者臆腹胀满，疼痛拒按，痛而欲泻，泻后痛减，暧腐吞酸，厌食，舌苔厚 腻，脉滑，诊断101. 腹痛之.得矢气则舒，遇忧思则加剧.舌质红，苔薄白.脉弦.诊断A. 太白B. 束骨C. 侠溪D. 太冲（另一种回忆行间）102. 位于第一跖趾关节赤白肉际处的腧穴是103. 在跖区，第5跖趾关节近端赤白肉际处的腧穴是A. 曲池B. 外美C. 足三里D. 上巨虚104. 胃脘胀满，呕吐酸腐量多，选用105. 腹胀肠鸣.大便秘结难下.选用三、X型题：106-165小题，每小题2分，共120分。在每小题给出的A、B、C、 D四个选项中，至少有两项是符合题目要求的。清选出所有符合题目要求的答案， 多选、少选或错选均不得分。106. 以下各项中.与金元时期医家刘完素学术主张相关的是A. 阳常有余，阴常不足B. 用药偏于寒凉C. 六气皆从火化D. 五志过极皆能化火107. 下列各项中，不属于阴阳互根互用的是A. 阴盛则阳病，阳盛则阴病B. 阳损及阴，阴损及阳C. 阴消则阳长，阳消则阴长D. 阴病治阳，阳病治阴108. 下列各项中，关于脾的生理特性说法正确的是A. 以通为用B. 以升为健C. 喜燥恶湿D. 以降为顺109. 下列关于脑的表述正确的是A. 为髓海B. 为元神之府C. 主感觉运动D. 主宰精神活动110. 与血液生成和运行皆有关的脏腑是A. 肾B. 肺C. 脾D. 心111. 与演出相关的有A. 阳加于阴谓之汗B. 心神的主宰作用C. 肺气的宣发布津作用D. 卫气温分肉，肥媵理，司开阖112. 下列选项中，足阳明胃经经过的地方是A. 下齿B. 气街C. 腋窝D. 足大趾端113. 寒性收引致病可见A. 胸膈满闷，苔白B. 肢体沉重，便澹C. 头身疼痛，无汗D. 冷厥不仁，脉紧114. 津液失常可导致A. 湿浊困阻B. 水液贮留C. 成痰成饮D. 伤津耗液115. 扶正和祛邪兼施适用于A. 实中央虚B. 虚中央实C. 真实假虚D. 真虚假实116. 皮肤出现红色皮疹，抚之碍手，压之褪色，可见于A. 热气疮B. 疔疮C. 瘾疹D. 麻疹117. 下列各项中，可以导致舌体卷短，紧缩，不能伸长的是A. 寒凝筋脉B. 气血虚衰C. 心脾积热D肝肾阴虚118 .下列各选项中，属于耳聋的常见病因的是A肾精不足BUI血亏虚C肝胆火旺D心火亢盛119.虚证的疼痛可表现为A. 空痛B. 掣痛C. 冷痛D. 酸痛120.下面各组脉象中，均可见于热证的是A. 短洪B. 滑长C. 促疾D. 迟数121 .下列属于寒证和热证的鉴别要点的是A. 而色白和红B. 大便干结和溏便C. 小便清长和短黄D. 脉象有力和无力122. 下列选项中，属于心火亢盛证表现的是A. 小便赤涩灼痛B. 咽喉肿痛C. 舌上生疮D. 吐血I血123. 痰湿阻肺和痰热壅肺均可见A. 咳嗽胸闷B. 气喘痰鸣C. 咯脓血痰D. 胁肋胀痛124. 肾气不固证和肾阳虚衰证的证候均可见的是A. 下肢水肿B. 带下清稀量多C. 夜尿频多D. 滑精或早泄125. 发热，微恶风寒，舌边尖红.脉浮数.证属A. 表热证B. 卫分证C. 太阳中风证D. 火淫证126. 按照药性理论，苦味药多用于治疗A. 便秘B. 阴虚火旺C. 气逆咳喘D. 火热证127. 下列各项中，属于妊娠禁用药的是A. 桃仁B. 水蛭C. 草乌D. 巴豆霜128. 下列各项中，入汤剂要先煎的是A. 珍珠母B. 肉豆蔻C. 草果D. 龟甲129.下列药物中，宜睡前服用的是A. 安神药B. 涩精止遗药C. 缓肠通便匆D. 对胃肠道有刺激性的药130. 下列药物中，既治虫积腹痛，又治便秘的药物是A. 槟榔B. 雷丸C. 框子D. 使君子131. 土荆皮的功效是A. 杀虫B. 疗癣C. 祛风D. 止痒132. 下列药物中，具有化浊降脂的功效的是A. 木瓜B. 泽泻C. 山楂D制何首乌133. 下列药物中，不可以同用的药组是A. 芒硝、三棱B. 草乌、白芷C. 砒石、水银D. 郁金、丁香134. 乌梅与诃子的功效共同点是A. 利咽开音B. 敛肺止咳C. 涩肠止泻D. 生津止渴135. 下列药物中，既治血热出血，又治热毒痈肿的是A芦根B. 芝麻根C. 白茅根D. 栀子136. 大黄与黄苓同用的方剂是A. 滚痰丸B. 凉隔散C. 大柴胡汤D. 普济消毒饮137. 组成药物中有诃子的方剂是A. 真.人养脏汤B. 咳血方C. 四神丸D. 止嗽散138. 下列方剂中，含人参、麦冬、五味子的是A. 石斛夜光丸B. 九仙散C. 天王补心丹D. 地黄饮子139. 下列各项中，具有滋阴息风作用的方剂是A. 镇肝熄风汤B. 大定风珠C. 天麻钩藤饮D. 阿胶鸡子黄汤140. 下列功效是清热燥湿的方剂是A. 芍药汤B. 二妙散C. 淸络饮D. 八正散141. 防风通圣散用于治疗A. 疮疡肿毒B. 肠风痔漏C. 丹斑瘾疹D. 大便秘结142. 理中丸用于阳虚所致A. 胸痹B. 失血C. 小儿慢惊D. 呕吐143. 犀黄丸可用于治疗A. 横孩B. 痰核C. 瘰疬D. 流注144. 以下方剂配伍当归，用于治疗咳逆上气的方剂是A. 苏子降气汤B. 百合固金汤C. 当归四逆汤D. 血府逐瘀汤145. 组方配伍“寓通于补”的方剂是A. 麻子仁丸B. 补中益气汤C. 济川煎D. 増液汤146. 下列选项中，属于不寐证型的是A. 肝火扰心B. 心肾不交D.心脾两虚D.心胆两虚147. 下列选项中，不属于痰浊头痛的临床表现的是A. 头痛欲裂B. 头痛如裹C. 头痛昏蒙沉重D. 头痛如胀148. 下列属于阴水证型的是A. 瘀水互结B. 脾阳虚衰C. 肾阳衰微D. 水湿浸溃149. 患者尿频、尿急、尿痛，小腹拘急疼痛。在辨病时需要与以下病证区分的是A. 瘾闭B. 关格C. 腹痛D. 尿浊150. 鼓胀长期不愈，其变证常见A. 黄疸B. 出血C. 积证D. 神昏151. 下列病证中，宜用归脾汤的是A. 心血不足之心悸B. 血虚之便秘C. 脾不统血之尿血D. 气血不足之眩晕152. 郁证的常见证型有A. 肝气郁结B. 痰气郁结C. 心神失养D. 心脾两虚153. 下列属于汗岀辨证的是A. 辨汗出量B. 辨伴随症状C. 辨汗岀部位D. 辨自汗盗汗154. 痉证的常用治法有A. 祛风散寒B. 清热除湿C. 豁痰开窍D. 滋阴降火155. 虚劳的辨证要点包括A. 气血阴阳的辨证B. 夹杂兼症C. 虚实的辨证D. 预后转归的辨证156. 瘿瘤的基本病机A.气机郁滞B.肝肾阴虚C. 血脉瘀阻D. 津凝痰聚157. 下列各项中，属于虚喘证常见证型的是A. 肺虚证B. 脾虚证C. 肾虚证D. 喘脱证158. 手阳明经，足阳明经腧穴均可治疗的病证A. 神志病B. 热病C. 耳病D. 口齿病159. 下列腧穴中，属于手少阳三焦经的是A. 丝竹空B. 阳溪C肩髅D.翳风160. 下列各组腧穴中，相距3寸的有A. 手三里、曲池B. 地机、阴陵泉C. 命门、志室D. 足三里、上巨虚161. 下列腧穴中，不宜直刺和深刺的是A. 肓俞B. 小肠俞C. 天池D. 风门162. 下列选项中，常用隔姜灸治疗的是A. 休息痢B. 痛痹C. 寒秘D. 瘰疬初起163. 下列五输穴中，五行属土且为输穴的是A. 神门B. 太白C. 阳陵泉D. 曲池164. 眩晕配穴正确的是A. 肝阳上亢：行间、侠溪、太溪B. 痰浊中阻：丰隆、中脘、头维C. 气血虚弱：气海、脾俞、胃俞D. 肾精不足：太溪、悬钟、三阴交165. 选用中极、次参、三明交治疗痛经，选用的配穴方法是A. 本经配穴B. 前后配穴C. 表里经配穴D. 远近配穴#2021考研#

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2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. 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1. 对人体内环境描述错误的是A.机体内的全部液体 B.细胞籁以生存的环境C.理性性质变化很小 D.生物进化的结果/2. 实测神经细胞静息电位略小于钾离子平衡电位的主要原因是，A. 钾外流背景下存在少量钠内流。B. 钾外流背景下存在少量钙内流C. 钾外流背景下存在一定的氯内流D. 钾外流背景下存在钠泵生电活动3. 在神经肌肉接头兴奋的过程中，阳离子通道开放主要是钠内流的原因A. 阳离子中Na的活动度大/B. 阳离子中*的直径最小。C. Ach受体通道对Na通透性最大D. 静息时Na的内向驱动力大于K的外向驱动力，4. 血管性血友病的发病机制是。A. FVII缺乏 B. PF4缺乏 C. VWF缺乏 D. Vitk缺乏5. 心室压力容积环向左扩大，收缩末期压力容积关系斜率增大，表明心功能 的改变是A前负荷增加B.后负荷增加 C.心室顺应性下陷D.心肌收缩力增强，6. 长期卧床的病人突然站起，出现头晕，眼前黑矇的主要原因是。A. 循环血量减少 B，静脉回流减少C.心泵功能降低 D.降压反射的敏感性降低.7. 通气血沉比値异常通常表现为缺氧，与其发生原因无关的是：一ACO：打散系数远大于0：扩散系数B. 动脉与静脉之间P0；之差远高于PCO；之差。C. 氧解高曲线上段平坦，增加通气量无助丁摄0十D. 外周化学感受对缺C：敏感 对C0：潴留易适应，8. 胆石症患者切除胆囊后最可能发生的情况，A不再发生胆道结石 B.胆汁排除量明显减少。C.增加消化性溃疡风险 D.影响脂肪性食物消化线9. 物理热价与生物热价不同的营养物质是，A. 粮类 B.蛋白质 C.动物性脂舫 D.植物性脂肪/10. 正常人饮用下列哪种液体尿量不会发生明显变化，A—次岀饮用清水1000ml-B. 上次性饮用穂水1000m捉C. 一次性饮用生理盐水1000ml-D. —次性静球注射生理盐水lOOOmlp11. 临床上使用新斯的明治疗重症肌无力的机制是，A. 模拟乙酰胆碱B. 阻断胆碱酯酚C. 激活Ach受体通道D. 增大终板屯位幅度12. 临床上使用咲塞米造成感音性耳聋的机制是，A. 损伤外毛细胞B. 损伤内毛细胞C. 阻碍内淋巴高钾形成D. D.阻碍神经冲动传导，13. 使用左旋多巴治疗帕金森病时，不能改善的症状是A.动作迟缓 B，静止性震颤 C.肌强直 D.随意运动减少14. 血液中胰岛素样生长因子-1的水平明显升高，常提示的疾病是A. 侏儒症 B.呆小症 C.糖尿病 D.肢端肥大症。15. 切除动物双侧肾上腺后，动物短时间内死亡，主要原因是A. 缺乏肾上腺髓质素B. 缺乏将上腺髓质激素C. 缺乏肾上腺皮质激素D. 缺乏血管紧张素II16. 妊娠期妇女由胎盘合成和分泌的主要雄激素成分是A. 138酮 B.雌二醇 C.雌三醇 D.已烯雌酚.17.亮氨酸拉等属于蛋白质的结构是A. —级结构 B. β转角 C.漠体 D.结构域，18. 酶促反应的 邻近效应的含义是，A底物在酶沿性中心相互靠近，B. 酶与辅酶之间相互接近C. 酶必霜基团之间相互靠近，D. 酶与抑制剂相互靠近19. 寡霉素与ATP合酶结合部位是，A.α亚基 B.β亚基 C. Y亚基 D. C亚基20.肌肉氢基酸脱氨基的方式有A.甲硫氨酸循环B.三彖酸循环C.乳酸循环D.丙氨酸－葡萄糖循环21. 下列物质合成需一碳单位参与的是A. dCMP B. dAMP C.dTMP D.dGMPp22.具有逆转录醯活性的酶是，A.光复活酶 B.DNA聚合酶δ C.端粒酶 D.RNA聚台酶II.23.真核生物转录生成单顺反子RNA的含义是A 一个DNA合成一个mRNAB.—个mRNA编码一条多肽链C.一个mRNA逆转录生成一个CDNAD.不同细胞产生同一多肽链24.由RNA发挥催化作用的酶是A氨基酰t-RNA合成酶B.脱甲酰基酶，C.二硫键异构酶D.肽酰转位酶25.能够调节真核生物转录的DNA元件是.A.増强子B.操作子C. CAP缩合位点D.阻遇蛋白基囚26.符合 转染含义的技术操作是A用电穿孔技术将外源DNA转入大肠埃希菌B.用质粒将外源DNA转入动物细胞，C.用病毒载体将外源DNA转入大肠埃希菌D.用转基因技术克隆动物27.能与富含脯氨酸的蛋白质结合的分子结构域是A.SH2 B.SH3 C.PH D.PTB28. 入外源沉默子的可能结果是，A. 编码的肽链缩短 B.终止密码提前，C. 基因转录减慢 D.点突变可能性增加29. 关于化生的描述，错误的是A. 由成熟细胞转变所致B. 可增加局部抵御刺激的能力C. 通常发生在同源性细胞之间D. 可发生在上皮组织或间叶组织30. 细小动脉管壁常见的坏死是A.凝固性坏死 B.液化性坏死C.脂肪坏死 D.纤维素样坏死31. 与黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤发生关系密切的细菌是，A.金黄色葡萄球菌 B.草绿色销球菌C.幽门螺杆菌 D.大肠埃希菌32. 急性重症肝炎有少量肝细胞残留，其主要部位在，A中央静脉周围区 B.肝小叶周边区B. 全小叶随机分布 D.残留的网状支架33. 女，45岁，自觉双手指关节疼痛2年，近半年感觉关节僵硬。血清学检查：类风湿因子阳性。该患者关节内的主要病理改变为，A.大量嗜酸性粒细胞浸润 B.肉芽肿性炎C.非化脓性增生性滑膜炎 D.浆液渗出性炎.34. 胃癌的好发部位是A.胃前壁 B.胃后壁 C.胃窦 D.胃底35. 下列关于心衰细胞的叙述，正确的是『A. 心衰时形成的形态特殊的心肌细胞，B. 肺内吞噬炭末的巨噬细胞，C. 肺内吞噬含铁血黄素的巨噬细胞，D. 肺内吞噬脂质的巨噬细胆，36. 透明血栓的主要成分是〃A纤维蛋白 B.血小板 C.红细胞D.白细胞37. 导致支气管扩张症的主要病理改变是，A. 支气管纤毛柱状上皮的鳞状上皮化生，B. 支气管壁的粘液腺大量增生，C. 支气管壁结构破坏。D. 肺组织纤维化，38. 电镜下，驼峰状沉积物位于肾小球毛细血管基膜表面的疾病是，A. 急进性肾小球肾炎「B. 急性弥漫性毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎，C. 系膜增生性肾小球肾炎D. 膜增生性肾小球肾炎39. 绒毛膜癌的组织学特点是A.肿瘤本身无间质血管C. 肿瘤组织出血坏死不明显卩D. 癌细胞形成绒毛结构E. 由分化不良的细胞滋养细胞层构成，40. 间质内常有淀粉样物质滋养的甲状腺肿瘤是.A.未分化癌 B.髓样癌 C.滤泡状癌. D乳头状癌41. 符合肝细胞性黄疸检验特点的是A. 尿胆素原降低，B. 尿胆红素阳性，C. 血非结合胆红素显善升高。D. 血结合性胆红素显著下降。42. 诊断慢性阻塞性肺疾病的肺功能标准是，A. 吸入支气管扩张剂后，FEV1< 80*预计值，D.吸入支气管扩张剂后，预计值C. 吸入支气管扩张剂后，FEV1/FVCC80板D. 吸入支气管扩张剂后，FEV1/FVC< 70^43. 男，25岁，吸入花粉后，喘息半小时，家人送至医院，既往体检。查体 P135次/分钟，意识模糊，双肺呼吸音消失，拾子吸氧5升/分钟，测得pH7.10, Pa95mmHg, PaO2 59mmHg，以下措施不正确的是，A. 雾化吸入支气管扩张剂B. 静脉注射糖皮质激素。C. 使用机械辅助通气D. 使用大剂量利药剂44. 血源性肺脓肿的最常见致病菌是，A.金黄色葡萄球菌B. 厌氧菌C. 铜绿假单胞菌D. 军团菌45. 男，60岁，高血压20余年，血压最高190/100mmHg，无自觉不适，未规 律治疗。今来院健康体检，查体：P62次/分，BP180/90mmHg，心肺㈠，化验： 尿蛋白（+).血 CT6. 4mmol/L, HDL-CO. 98mmol/L, LDL-C4. 96mmol/L, Glu8. 6mmo/L,Crl22μmol/L, UA365μmol/L 首选地降压药/A.培噪昔利 B.氮氟地平 C.吲达帕胺 D.比索洛尔46. 男性，69岁，因两小时前凌晨5点在睡眠中突发心前区疼痛伴大汗。自 服速效救心丸无效。急送来院晨7点心电图显示。导联st段弓背向上抬高 0.2~0.4亳V，做血液检查，最可能异常的项目是A.肌钙蛋白T B.肌酸激酶同工酶ck-mbC.谷草转氨酶 D.肌红蛋白47. 下列哪项不出现在急性心肌炎的临床表现里，A. 心脏压寨B. 猝死C. 急性肺水胪D. 酷似急性心肌梗死，48. 女性，46岁，因活动后心前区疼痛2 日，自含硝酸甘油无效来诊。既往有高血压病、关节炎史。查体：P： 80/分，BP： 150/65mmHg： BMI： 35，甲 状腺无肿大，双肺（-)，心律齐，心界向左扩大，听诊S1减弱，心尖区闻及舒 张早中期隆隆样杂音，胸骨左缘第三助间舒张期叹气样杂音，双下肢水肿（+）, 该患者心前区疼痛的主要病因是，A. 冠心病，高血压B. 肥厚型梗阻性心肌病，C. 二尖瓣狭窄D. 主动脉瓣关闭不全。49. 下列不属于胃食管反流病的并发症的是，A食管狭窄 B.食管憩室 C.上消化道出血 D. Barrett食管，50. 男性，25岁，2年来反复上腹疼痛，一般发生于进餐后1小时，近1天 呕岀咖啡渣样胃内容物伴黑便1次，既往无肝炎病史。查体：BP100/60mmHg, 心率92次/分，心律整，上腹轻度压痛，肝脾肋下未及。最可能的诊断是，A.胃溃疡出血 B.十二指肠溃疡出血C.胃癌出血 D.食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血，51. 女性，41岁，腹胀、低热3个月。既往有右侧附件结核病史2年。查体 T： 37. 8°C心肺未见异常，腹壁柔韧感，轻压痛，肝脾触诊不满意，移动性浊音 阳性。对确诊最有价值的检查是A.腹部B超 B.腹部CT。C.腹腔穿刺积液检查 D.妇科检查，52. 男性，21岁，2周前咽痛，发热，体温最高达38.5℃, 2天来眼睑水肿， 尿少。查体：BP150/90mmHg，双眼睑水肿，心肺腹检查未见异常，双下肢凹陷性 水肿（一）。尿常规：蛋白（+-)，沉渣镜检红细胞20-25个/Hp，白细胞0-3 个/Hp该患者水肿的主要机制是，A.醛固酮分泌增多B.血浆胶体渗透压降低C.肾小球滤过压下降D.抗利尿激素过多。53. 女性，26岁。乏力，头晕2个月。既往月经过多2年。化验血：Hb65g/L,RBC2.8xl0（7次方）L, MCV69fI, MCHC28%, Ret1.2% WBC4.51O（9次方）/L, Plt350X1O/Lo 釆用铁剤治疗，最早升高的化验项目是，A. Hb B. RBC C. MCV D. Ret54. Cushing综合症单侧肾上腺皮质瘤行患侧肾上腺切除术，术后械皮质激袁 替代治疗一般维持的时间是，A.1周左右 B.1月左右 C.2月左右 D.6个月至一年以上55. 贝赫切特病的特异性临床表现是，A.颊部蝶形红斑 B.腮腺肿大。C.针刺反应 D.腹部血管杂音，56. 下列属于ANCA相关血管炎的疾病是，A. 显微镜下多血管炎 B. IgA相关血管炎C.系统性红斑狼疮相关血管炎 D.类风湿相关血管炎57. 下列关于术前准备的叙述中，错误的是，A.高血压患者应继续服用降压药物，避免戒断综合征B. 确有凝血障碍者，择期手术前应做相应治疗C. 肾功能损害者，在有效的透析疗法治疗后，可耐受手术，D. 糖尿病病人须在术前把血糖控制在正常水平58. 下列不需要使用全胃肠外营养的情况是，A. 短肠综合征B. 溃疡性结肠炎长期腹泻疽C. 重症急性胰腺炎D. 胆襄造痿术后59. 麻酚面达脐部时，相对应的脊神经节段是，A. T6 B. T8 C.T10 D. -12^60. 女性，32岁，间断吞咽困难伴呕吐1年。上消化道造影提示食管明显扩 张，蠕动减弱。食管末端呈 鸟嘴样狭窄，狭窄部黏膜尚光滑。宜釆取的手术 方式是A. 食管大部切除，胃代食管术。B. 食管下端和胃贲门处肌层切开C. 食管下段，近端胃切除术D. 腹腔镜胃底折叠术.61. 有关乳腺癌血行转移的叙述，错误的是，A. 癌细胞可经淋巴途径进入静脉B. 癌细胞直接侵入血循环。C. 血行转移只发生在肿瘤晚期，D. 常见远处转移部位依次为骨、肺、肝62. 男性55岁，因腹痛一个月来诊，肠镜发现乙状结肠肿物，病理提示中分 化腺瘪 腹部CT提示乙状结肠肿物，5cm×4cm大小，侵及浆膜，肝左外叶可见 直径两厘米转移灶，腹腔内未见肿大淋巴结，首选的治疗措施是，A.结肠癌根治术B.结肠癌根治术联合肝左外叶切除术。C.全身化疗D.局部放疗63. 男性65岁。上腹不适，食欲不振2个月，体重下降。近20天以来出现 皮肤巩膜黄烫，并进行性加重。粪便色灰白，尿色黄。查体：肝脾未触及，深呼 吸时，于右助下缘可般及半球状肿物，墨菲征（-），化验血：Tbil230umol/L, Dhil 18Eumol/L，最可能的诊断是，A.慢性肝炎 B.胆总管结石 C，胰头癌. D.肝癌64. 下列不属于绞窄性肠梗阻的典型临床表现的是，A.早期出现休克 B 腹胀C.腹膜炎体征 D.血便65. 站立前期先天性赣关节脱位的典型体征是什么，A.屈髋骑形 B.骨盆挤压试验（+)C.摇摆式跛行 D.弹入实验（rortalene）阳性。66. 单纯桂间盘突出症患者行经皮腰椎间盘切除术的适应症是，A.膨岀型 B.经骨突出型口C.脱岀型 D. Schorml结节型.67. 骨盆骨折的最常见并发症是A.尿道损伤 B.膀胱损伤。C.肾脏损伤 D，直肠损伤。68. 男性，28岁，半小时前在山区修建公路时突发上腹痛.持续加重，近一年 患者经常空腹发作上腹痛，作为工地医生给患者做体格检查。下列对患者病情诊断最有价值的体征是，A.心率増快106次/分 B.上腹部压痛C.肠鸣音减弱 D.肝浊音界消失时69. 根据上述体征，初步判断疾病可能为A. 急性心肌枯死B. 消化道穿孔C. 急性肠梗阻D. 急性胰腺炎70.女35岁。因两个月渐进乏力，心悸，头晕来诊，平素食欲差，近5年来 月经长期每28天左右一次，每次持续7、8天。量多，查体T37.2°C, P102次/ 分，BP108/6SmmHg.皮肤干燥。睑结膜苍白，双肺（-），心律整，心尖部可闻及 3/6级收缩期杂音。肝脾勒下未经，下肢不肿。根据上述病史及特征，最可能的诊断是，A.急性风湿热 B.肺结核C.缺铁性贫血 D.甲状腺功能减退。71.患者还可出现的体征有A.杵状指 B.爪形手C.匙状甲 D.手指末端指节肿大72.下列不支持诊断的外周血检查为，A.外周血红细胞大小不等 B.血小板增多。C.白细胞正常 D.血涂片见镰状红细胞73.女性，56岁.劳累后发热一周，最高体温39. 5摄氏度，伴多汗，纳差体重减轻kg，伴右季肋区疼痛，疼痛较剧烈，夜间尤法安睦，在外院输注哌拉酋 林他哇巴堪三天后有效入院。既往，类风湿关节炎20年，长期服用补皮质激素 病情稳定。X线提示右侧胸腔积液，胸腔穿刺结臭示：比重1.03G白细胞138* 10(7次方）L，单核细胞 20%，多核细胞 80%, ADA： 116g/- LDH： 336g/L-该胸腔积液性质最有可能是A. 结核性胸脱积液B. 恶性胸腔积液C. 脓胸D. 类风湿相关性胸腔积液74.为明确诊断首先要做的检查A. 胸腔积液找肿瘤细胞 养和药敬试验B. 胸腔积液进行细菌培C. 胸腔积液进行结核菌培养D. 胸水中找类风湿因子75.其治疗方法是，A.全身化疗B.胸腔积液引流。C四联抗结核治疗D.増加强的松计量并加月免疫抑制剂76.男性，66岁，半年来劳累后心悸、气短，1周来发热、咳嗽，心悸气短 症状加重，夜间不能平卧，尿少。下肢水肿。既往有原发性高血压病，心脏扩大病史。 查体：T38.1℃, P68次/分，R16次/分，EP110/70mmHg，半卧位，颈静脉充位， 双肺均可闻及湿岁盲，心界向左扩大，心率118次/分，心率绝地不芥，心尖部 可闻及3/6级收缩期吹风佯杂音，双下肢凹陷性水肿（--)，超声心动图显示左房、 左室扩大，左室壁运动昔遍性障碍，LVEF<70%该患者最可能的诊断是A.瓣膜性心脏病 病C.扩张生心肌病77. 此患者即可进行药物治疗，不正确的是，A.制尿剤 B. 6受体拮抗剂*C.抗凝剂 D.血管紧张素抑制剂78. 治疗一周，体温正常，心悸气短症状缓解，夜间可平卧，下肢水肿消失， 脉搏68次每分，收缩压125，舒张压七十，左下肢偶闻及湿啰音，心律绝对不 整，心率92次每分，杂音同前，对该患者在制定长期治疗心功能不全的方案中， 不正确的是A.坚持服用acei或arb类药物 B，应用β受体阻滞剂C.醛固酮受体拮抗剂 D.钙通道阻滞剂患者男，55岁，发热，呕吐，腹泻1天，烦躁不安：意识障碍1小时急诊入 院，查体：T37. 8°C, P90次/分，BP110/70皿Hg，神志不清，颈部胸前区蜘蛛 痣，巩膜轻度黄染，心肺未见异常，腹部柔软，肝肋下未触及，脾肋下2厘米， 血常规 Hbll2g/L, TOC3.4X107L, PLT98X107L，尿常规：蛋白质（+)，尿糖（+), 尿沉渣镜检（-)，79.最可能的诊断是.A糖尿病酮症酸中毒B.肝性脑病C. 脑血管病.D. 尿毒症80. 最有意义的检查是，A.血氮B 缺失C.血肌酐81. 为缓解患者的躁动，首选的药物是。A. 苯巴比妥B. 地西洋C. 水合氯酸D. 异丙嗪女性，24岁。2天来突然出现发热伴尿颇，尿急，尿痛来诊。既往体健，查体：T38℃，左肾区有叩击痛，82. 最可能的诊断是.A. 急性膀胱炎B. 急性肾盂肾炎C. 尿道综合征。D. 肾结核83. 下列最有意义的检查是，A. 尿蛋白（+/-），B. 尿沉渣红细胞23-25/个C. 尿沉渣白细胞10-15/个3D. 尿沉渣白细胞管型84.最有效的治疗方法是A. 3天疗程SMZ-TMP法B. 10-14天疗程喹诺酮法C. 规范化抗结核治疗，D. 降温处理。女性，25岁，乏力、腹胀，消瘦1个半月。查体：心肺未见异常，腹软， 肝助下1cm，脾助下1cm化验：Hb 125g/L, WRC 91.5*10（9次方）/L，分类：中性粒细胞6%， 晚幼粒细胞11%杆状核粒细胞23%，分叶中性粒细胞33%，嗜酸性粒细 胞9%，喑碱性粒细胞4凯淋巴细胞14%, PT412*10（9次方）/L, HAP呈阴性85. 最可能的诊断是A. 原发性骨髓纤维化B. 慢性淋巴细胞上血病C. 慢性髓系白血病D. 急性髓系白血病86. 为明确诊断，苜选检查A. 血网织红细胞计数B. 腹部B超C. 食管钡剂造影D. 骨髓细胞学检查女性，30岁。多食、易饥、多汗伴大便次数增多3个月，体重下降查体：皮肤湿润，弥漫性甲状腺II度肿大。心率120次/分，律不齐，早搏3~4次/ 分。实验室检查：TgAb (-), TPOAb (-), TRAb (+)；肝功能和血常规均正常.88. 该患者最可能的诊断是A. Graves 病B. 结节性毒性甲状腺肿C. 桥本甲状腺炎D. 亚急性甲状腺炎89. 对确诊最有价值的指标A. TSBAb(+)B. TgAb（-）C. TPOAb (-)D. TRAb (+)90. 如果该患者想要在一年内妊娠怀孕，下列哪项治疗是正确的A. 对症治疗，苜选美托洛尔。B. 首选碘131治疗C. 首选丙硫氧嘧啶治疗D. 首选左甲状腺素治疗女性，50岁，口干乏力1年，加重伴夜尿增多1个月、既往体检。查体： 舌面干裂，口腔颊黏膜多发小溃疡，多发龋齿，牙根黑。FSR84mm/h, ANA 1:160, 抗SSA抗体阳性。91. 最可能的诊断是A. 系统性红斑狼疮B. 多发性骨髓瘤C. 干燥综合征D. 贝赫切特病92. 最有可能带来的症状是A. 骨小球性疾病B. 宵小管酸中毒C. 消化道多发溃疡伴出血D. 病理性骨折男性，30岁、晨起跑步昏倒2小时入院，1周前骑车摔倒撞击左下腹壁，卧床休息3天。查体：P:120次/分，呼吸30次/份，血压80/60mmHg，神志清，面色苍白，左下腹壁有瘀斑，腹肌轻度紧张压痛，移动性浊音阳性，肠鸣音消失93. 最可能的诊断是A. 脾破裂B. 肝破裂C. 胰腺破裂D. 肠系膜撕裂94. 如若手术，术中探查顺序A. 先查胰腺，再探查肝脾B. 先探查胃肠，再探查肝脾C. 先探查肝牌再探查胃肠及其他D. 先探查肠系膜血管，再探查其他95. 该患者的最佳诊断检查A. 脾动脉造影B. 腹腔ct检查。C. 腹腔MRID. 腹腔平片检查，女性，42岁，持续上腹痛伴恶心呕吐3天。两年前发现胆赛结石，平常送食油腻食物上腹不适。查体 37.8℃，100次/分，R24次/分，血压124/84mmHgs，皮肤巩膜无黄染，上腹压痛，轻度肌紧张，肠鸣音弱，B超示胆囊泥样结石，胆囊管宽9mm，上段无结石，下段观察不清，胰腺肿大，增厚，周围有积液。 WBC13*10（9次方）/L，血清淀粉酶 400U/L96. 目前最有可能的诊断，A. 急性胆囊炎B. 急性胰腺炎C. 急性胃炎D. 急性胆管炎97. 目前最佳治疗。A. 禁食，补液，应用抗生素B. 腹腔灌洗C. 手术引流D. 经oddis括约肌切开，男，65岁、8天前行结直肠癌根治天，2天前发热拌左下肢疼痛，查体T38℃ 腹部切口愈合良好，已拆除缝线。左小腿肿胀、腓扬肌压痛阳性，Homans征阳 性，胸片正常，B超显示腹部无积液，WBC9.8*10（9次方）/L；尿常规正常，98.最有可能的诊断A 左下肢肌筋膜炎B. 左下肢丹毒C. 左下肢深静泳血栓D. 左下肢浅静泳炎98. 该患者目前不宜做的是A. 抗凝B. 多做下肢运动C. 抬高患肢。D. 制动男性，40岁，呕血、便2天入院，既往乙型肝炎10年，查体：神志清，贫血貌，肝助下未触及，脾助下3cm，腹部无压痛，移动性浊音（+ ），肠鸣音 活沃，化验：血Hb80g/ L，血白蛋白20g /L。血总胆红素76μ mol/L99. 应首先考虑的诊断，A.十二指肠溃疡B. 门静脉高压C. 胃癌D. 胆管结石101 .为确定诊断应选用各种检查A. 腹部B超B. 肠系腹上动脉造影.C. 上消化道造影D. 胃镜102. 下列治疗方法不宜应用的是，A. 扩容补液B. 止血药C. 内镜治疗D. 手术治疗女，75岁。下楼时不慎摔伤右髄部致局部疼痛。2天后加重，不能下地行走。 查体，右下肢短缩，外旋50° ，右髋肿胀不明显，有压痛，最可能的诊断是A. 右股骨转子间骨折，B. 右股骨颈骨折，C. 馈关节后脱位D. 髄关节前脱位103. 首选检查是A.X线B. CTC. MRND. B型超声，104. 最有可能的并发症是A. 脂肪栓塞B. 创伤性骨化C. 坐骨神经损伤D. 股骨头坏死女性，50岁，右手中指晨起僵硬伴疼痛半年，近两周出现中指关节轻度肿 胀及活动受限，活动患指可出现弹响伴明显疼痛105. 最可能诊断是A.类风湿关节炎B.关节内游离体C骨关节炎D.狭窄性腱鞘炎106目前最正确的治疗是A. 腱鞘切开减压B. 限制中指迟动C. 口服糖皮质激素D. 反复按摩患处，108. 一般认为职业是人们常规谋生的手段，而专业是对公众所期待的责任有 公开承诺的职业团体。下列对医学专业描述不正确的是A. 医学专业需要通过系统训练B. 医学专业没有既定职业目标C. 医学专业定位高于利益D. 医学专业要求专业共同体自律109. 医生与患者沟通中，最恰当的语言是A. 不检查，—切后果自负B. 医学上的东西，跟你说多了你也不懂C. 我们只管看病，其他的事情管不了D. 请按医嘱服药，病情有变化随时就诊110.患者，女性，19岁，岀国留学归国后以月经不调就诊。患者自述月经不调，担心因为不适应当地生活。下列沟通适合的是。A. 了解月经异常情况并给予相应诊治B. 了解月经情况，患者在国外的心理情况并给予诊治C. 了解月经情况，患者在国外的社会适应情况并给予诊治D. 了解月经情况，患者在国外的心理和社会适应情况并给予诊治和安慰，111 .患者，女，22岁、因急性淋巴细胞白血病恶化再次住院化疗，不愿配合治疗，此时医生不正确的做法是A.同情支持，鼓励患者战胜病魔，B. 给患者说必须要有依从性，否则劝其转院。C. 真诚友善，建立良好的医患关系D. 耐心劝导，解释治疗的重要性112.生殖辅助技术是指在自然生殖过程中某些辅助手段，在临床伦理学中， 关于医护人员义务的说法，下列说法正确的是。A.为不有夫妇提供因个人喜好而选择婴儿的性别的生殖辅助服务，B. 为夫妇提供可以提升未来婴儿智力目的的生殖辅助服务，C. 为单身女性提供捐赠精子或捐赠胚胎的生殖辅助月艮务D. 为不育夫妇提供正常功能障碍的生殖辅助服务，113.遗传咨询医师面向患者进行遗传咨询减少遗传病给患者及家庭的痛苦， 他们做出符合其最佳利益的决定，从伦理学视角分析，下列描述正确的是A. 医师提出的意见应当是指令性，因为咨询医师的意见具有专业性B. 医师提出的意见应当是指令性，因为医患价值一致C. 医师意见应当是非指令性，患者为中心D. 医师意见应当是非指令性，医师价值为中心114. 临床试验的目的是A 使受试者获得经济上的好处。B. 使妥试者获得健康上的好处，C. 使研究者获得学术发展上的好处，D. 发展和促进可被普及化的知识，115. 某医院急诊科凌晨2点接诊一名车祸昏迷患者、经诊断为颅内出血、需立即手术.以挽救患者生命，此时无法联系到患者的近亲属或关系人，下列做法 正确的是A. 经主治医生同意可自行决定实施手术治疗B. 经医生所在科室主任同意后实施手术治疗。C. 经医院负责人或被授权的负责人批准后实施手术治疗D. 经请示上级医疗机构主管部门批准后实施手术治疗B型题，A. CO中毒.B. Pa02降低，C. PaCO2増加D. 2, 3-DPG 降低，116. 不影响Hb与氧气结合，但影响HbO2释放02的是.117. 既影响Hb与氧气结合，又影响HbO：释放O2A. 胰多肽B. 促胰液素C. 缩胆囊素D. 胰高血械素118. 主要促进胰拘分泌，而水和碳酸氧盐分泌较少的胃肠激素是，119. 主要促进水和碳酸氢盐分泌，而胰酶分泌较少的胃肠激素是，A. 琥珀酰CoA合成酬B. HMG CoA还原酶，C. 乙酰CoA羧化酶。D. HMG CoA裂解醇120. 参与三稜酸循环的酶是，121. 产生酮体的酶是，A. tRNA-B. IncRNAC. scRNAD. miRNA.122. 长度大于200nt的RNA分子是，123. 能与mRNA3端的非编码区结合而抑制翻译的眼分子是A大叶性肺炎。B. 小叶性肺炎C. 支原体肺炎D. 病毒性肺炎"124. 属于纤维素性炎的是125. 属于化脓性炎症的是A.浸润性肺结核“B. 局限性肺结核，C. 慢性纤维空洞性肺结核，D. 干酪性肿炎，126. 成人最常见的肺结核，127. 中毒症状最重的。A. 肺腺癌B. 肺鳞状细胞癌C. 小细胞癌D. 大细胞癌128. 亚洲人群中容易出现EGFR基因突变可使用靶向药物治疗的肺癌是＜129. 容易导致Cushing综合征的最常见的肺癌。A. 氟马西尼。B. 亚硝酸盐异戊酯C. 二盗丙碳钠D. 亚甲蓝130, 亚硝酸盐中引起高铁血红蛋白症的有效解毒药131, 苯二氮蕈类中毒的有效解毒药A. 乳头状癌B. 滤泡状癌C. 髓样癌D. 未分化癌132 .分泌降钙素的甲状腺癌，133. 临床最宣冬的甲状腺癌”A. whipple 三联征B. zollinger-Ellison 综合征C. charcot三联征D. carcinoid 综合征。134. 胃泌素瘤的典型临床表现，135. 胰岛素瘤的典型临床表现是，X型题，135.因体内缺乏维生素B12而导致巨幼细胞性贫血的病因是A. 胃酸分泌不足。B. 胃大部切除术后。C. 末端回肠切除术后D. 体内产生抗内因子抗体137. 颈动脉窦和主动脉弓压力反射性调节的生理特点是A.具有双向调节血压的作用B. 对心率快慢无调节作用C. 对血压主要起短期调节作用D. 当血压升高时可发生重调定138. T列能参与机体产热的激素是A .胰岛素B. 生长激素，C. 甲状腺激素D. 糖皮质激素139. 肾小管和集合管上皮细胞参与调节机体酸碱平衡的功能活动是A. Na+-H+交换‘B. 质子泵C. NH2或NH4的分泌D. Na-K-2CI同向转运140. 眼科检查中，滴阿托品后出现的症状.A.扩瞳。B. 复视.C. 食物模糊D. 青光眼加重。141. 下列有关非快眼动期的叙述正确的是A有利于生长发育B. 促进脑合成蛋白质，C. 有利于体力恢复。D. 建立新的突总联系142. 下列在胞质和线粒体都参与的代谢是A. 天冬门氨酸－精氨酸代琥珀酸穿梭B. a －磷酸甘油穿梭C. 鸟氨酸循环D. 三荐酸循环143. 下列可作为营养必需氨基酸的是，A. 赖氨酸B. 色氮酸C. 亮氨酚D. 组氨酸144. 嘌呤核苷酸合成与嘧啶核苜酸合成的共同原料是.A天冬氨酸B. 甘氨酸C. C02 ’D. 磷酸核糖焦磷酸145. 以下有前受体活性的有A. G蛋白偶联受体B. 表皮生长因子受体C. 核受体。D. 转化生长因子受体146. 能够催化生成胆红素的物质是，A. 血红蛋白B. 肌红蛋白.C. 细胞色素D. 过氧化物酶147. 下列关于血浆蛋白说法正确的是，A 大多数在肝内产生B. 大多数是魏蛋白C. 均是分泌型蛋白质D. 均是球蛋白148. 属于化脓性炎症的疾病有A. 阿米巴肝脓肿，B. 疖C. 流行性脑脊髓膜炎D. 流行性乙型脑炎，149. 下列属于肉芽肿性变的是A. 砂粒体B. 结核结节C. 风湿小体D. 伤寒结节150. 属于癌前病变的是A. 黏膜白斑B. 慢性非萎缩性胃炎，C. 慢性溃疡性结肠炎，D. 大肠息肉腺瘤。151下列关于甲状腺乳头状癌正确的是A. 细胞核可见假包涵体B. 患者预后与局部淋巴结转移有关C. 细胞间质可见淀粉样组织沉积D. 细胞核毛玻璃样152. 下列由于门静脉高压导致的病变有A. 脾肿大B. 胃底静脉曲张C. 蜘蛛痣D. 胃肠道淤血水肿153. 属于玻璃样变性的有.A. Aschoff 小体B. RussellC. mollory 小体D. apoptosis 小体154. 男性，30岁，反复咳黄绿色浓痰，咳血20余年，多次住院治疗，此次 再发5天来院。诊治，查体：双中下肺可闻及多湿啰音，肺CT示右中叶，左舌μ-及双下叶可见支气管壁厚，部分呈囊腔样改变，其内可见气液平。可选用的经验性抗菌药物有，A.头孢他啶B. 头孢吡肟C. 厄他培南D. 环丙沙星155. 符合房室旁路典型预激综合征的心电图特点有A. PR 间期 <0. 12sB. QRS波起始部粗钝C. QT间期延长D. T波与QRS主波方向相反。156. 下列可以引起上消化道出血的原因有A.食管憩窒炎B. 消化性溃疡C. 胃癌D. 慢性非萎缩性胃炎，157. 肾病综合征的并发症A急性肾损伤B. 慢性肾衰竭C. 肾静脉血栓D. 蛋白质和脂肪代谢异常，158. 诊断血管内溶血的特异性检查是A. 血浆血红蛋白增高B. 尿血红蛋白阳性C. 尿Rous实验阳性D. 血清非结合胆红素升高，159. 下列可发生高血压、低血钾的疾病有哪些，A原发性醛固酮增多症B. Addison 病，C. Liddle 综合症D. 嗜络细胞瘤160. 胆道疾病的常见并发症A. 癌变B. 出血C. 肝脓肿D. 梗阻161. 肝癌破裂出血的治疗方法有A. 手术治疗，B. 肝动脉栓塞C. 非手术治疗D. 放射治疗162. 下列关于早期胃癌的说法正确的是。A病变局限于黏膜层内和帖膜下层，无淋巴转移B. 病变局限于黏膜层内和黏膜下层，无有淋巴C. 病变浸润浆膜层，无淋巴转移D. 微小胃癌和小胃癌是早期胃癌的特殊类型163. 男性急性尿滞留的病因有A. 良性前列腺增生B. 尿路狭窄C. 尿路结石D. 前列腺炎。164. 属于椎间盘结构有A. 前纵韧带B. 软骨终板C. 髓核D. 纤维环165 .类风湿性关节炎的诊断标准.A. 3个关节肿大（大于6周 ）B. 对称关节肿大（大于6周）C. 晨僵大于一小时（大于6周）D. 关节畸形（大于6周）#2021考研#

写在最前:本宝只是分享西医综合的学习经验供迷茫中的宝宝们， 400+的大神有很多，所以是分享，交流。必备：1八版教材。2书：贺银成讲义十同步练习十真题+北医绿皮十北医黄皮。3视频:贺银成全科视频，刘忠保(宝宝)生理内科视频, 隋准内科视频，李睿外科视频[累了或记的不太好的时候，看看生化:刘不言，病理:李聪，食徐琦腹股沟解剖讲的特别棒，外科疝部分可以看]。4有考研的定力十研友十适宜学习环境。5西综复习共三轮，一轮理解，二轮记忆，三轮强化记忆+找出题规律。这一路，没有鲜花掌声，却有来自内心的波涛汹涌。希望你常常感谢自己，鼓励自己，对自己说“辛苦了”，希望你已做好被洗礼的准备，希望你能给自己一个坚持到最后的理由。所谓坚持就是在不能坚持的时候再坚持一下。复习顺序:一轮:生理，病理，内科，外科，生化二轮:生理，内科，病理，外科，生化三轮:真题为大!各科目学习顺序:1贺银成视频(橙色笔划重点考点)2教材理解/隋准视频/李睿视频/有助于理解的...(铅笔记录理解的思路，因为二轮时完全可能不理解了)3贺银成讲义(加强记忆橙色重点， 因为看完教材你可能已经被教材绕进去，不知道考点是什么了)4贺银成同步练习(主要是查缺补漏，毕竟每年也会有新的知识点。金黄色荧光笔在讲义，上标注知识点，或者黑色笔添加在讲义上)5历年真题(这时候用山北医黄皮，以章节为准;闲暇时间刷刷医教园app有许多大神的记忆段子; 贺银成真题留着 三轮用，成套真题，找手感。橙色笔继续划考点，或蓝色笔标注)6最后看一遍充满知识点的本章讲义，这章就算过啦7内科可以看刘忠保的提炼，视频很精髓，老师总是会提炼出一个知识点入手，进而拎起全章!棒!!!本宝男神所有练习 册都用铅笔做，因为涉及第二次或N 次使用，或者拿张纸标好题号，在练习册的错题之前做标记：一轮顺序是因为我觉得基础知识就着大米饭吃掉了，忘的一干二净，想着先打好基础再建城堡。如果基础好的，也可以和二轮顺序一样的。生理是内科基础，其实病理也是，但总的来说，生理关系更大。病理有助于记忆外科，毕竟没怎么，上手术，全靠想象。生化纯纯纯记忆，所以放到最后死记硬背就好。时间充足以教材为主(生化以贺银成讲义为主)，时间紧张的一轮要看生理和内科教材帮助理解，但标注这种事情还要以讲义为主，因为你时间紧张啊!看教材就是为了去理解!二轮三轮看重点还是要看讲义的!简练省时省力都是干货。我们参加的是全国统考，所以出题有一-定的套路，只要大量反复做真题，吃透每个知识点，成绩一定很理想。所谓吃透，我理解的是，每道题你都要知道对的为什么对，错的为什么错。并且错的选项对应的正确知识点是什么?有些干扰选项是常常出现而没变过正确选项的考点的，也就是潜在考点，这部分容易被忽视，也就是可以提分的考点。我觉得也是考研辅导老师拿来压题的源头。考研题有些同一个知识点因教材不同而答案不同，有时候说以8版教材为主，有时候并不是，据我观察，是以历年真题中[母题]答案为准。 (母题就是考过本知识点的老题，我自己起的名字啊，要不然没法传授功力)举例: 2017年选革兰阴性杆菌那道题，是一道多选题衍生而来整个西综看下来有好多要死记硬背的，脑容量明显不足啊，不是考试前一天随便背背就soeasy的，这个时候就需要口诀了。需要记忆方法。后续我可能会和大家分享我的记忆方法，看情况...诊断我就没有看书和讲义，随着内科理解的通透，诊断也就能得到大部分分值， 付出要和回报成比例呀，建议别花太多时间学习诊断，不划算。就算想要学习的话，建议以真题为基础努力。别撒大网!生理分值不算多，但考试第一题就是生理，生理学不好怎么玩转内科?所以老老实实看教材!理解理解理解!内科也要老老实实看教材的，因为考的确实很仔细， 而且理解好了，自己可以推理出新知识点的答案，所谓融会贯通吧其余科目我都没看教材，直接讲义为主，其实看教材的意义不在于背下所有知识点，是有助于记忆。有些人说，讲义都没背下来，别提背书了! 书不是用来背的,所以希望大家别偷懒，要看生理内科书!少走弯路，诊断生化病理外科书需要的时候再翻(如果西综目标260+那就都要老老实实看教材)最后再说一点真题的利用，真题是最宝贵的资源，所以到三轮时，有些没理解的题目甚至硬生生背下来。一轮的时候，就仔仔细细扣好每一道。近十年最有价值，但不代表八几或九几年的题没有营养!我个人反而觉得，九几年的题，又臭又硬，但充满知识点，我超爱那种变态题。最后想送给医学考研党一段我很喜欢的话。纽约时间比加州时间早三个小时但加州时间并没有变慢。奥巴马55岁就退休，川普 70岁才开始当总统。世.上每个人本来就有自己的发展时区。身边有些人看似走在你前面，也有人看似走在你后面。但其实每个人在自己的时区有自己的步程。不用嫉妒或嘲笑他们。他们都在自己的时区里，你也是!生命就是等待正确的行动时机。所以，放轻松。你没有落后，也没有领先。在命运为你安排的属于自己的时区里，一切都准时。嗯~打算有时间继续更新考研时间轴，记忆技巧，复试准备方法。看情况吧....