英语考研阅读试题

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. 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题材标签:教育难度等级: ★★★☆☆出题思路: 模拟2017年考研阅读Text 1短文出处:www.washingtonpost.com/opinions, 2018/5/16Text 11 When you are a writer who learns a beloved author has a dark side, you experience waves of disillusionment. When you teach that author’s work, you feel an additional stab of concern: What about my syllabus? As intellectual property goes, a great syllabus is a gold mine. Or perhaps a better metaphor would be a Jenga Game. Take away too many supporting pieces and the whole thing will topple.2 Do we continue to teach the work of people we now suspect of behaving unethically or abusively? News stories have suggested prominent writer Díaz may have acted in predatory ways. The Pulitzer Prize Board has launched an investigation of past Pulitzer winner Díaz regarding allegations that include forcibly kissing one author and verbally bullying another. As a reader, I’m devastated. As a teacher, I’ve got decisions to make.3 “Writers in Print and Person,” my class at American University, where I often adjunct, invites undergraates to alternate sustained analysis of a book with the opportunity to meet and question the author. Most of our craft learning is subsequently channeled through eight to 10 books assigned for annotation, a selection tailored to students indivially. Because of the particular scope of my responsibilities, and these modes of student learning, I have always emphasized the writer as a fully dimensioned being. What do I do when those dimensional flaws are revealed?4 Here’s what I can’t do: pretend that this is not happening. Much of the economy surrounding a contemporary writing career rests not just in what that author does on the page but what the person says at the microphone and in the classroom. I’ve never been a full-time academic. Yet I’ve served as a writer-in-residence four times. In other words, I cross paths with thousands of students, many of whom tell me about theiraspirations of becoming writers.5 These are students who wait in line afterward, sometimes for hours, so that the author can sign their copy of the book we put on the syllabus. These are the students who nervously apply for a faraway workshop, and then hustle to cover the expenses, so that they can work with a celebrated writer. These are the students who trust in both that writer’s aesthetic expertise and best intentions.6 I look back with deep regret at times I’ve recommended someone as a mentor, editor or visiting writer, unaware of a history of abusive attitudes.1. The well-known writer Díaz is mentioned to _____.A. stress he is a Pulitzer winnerB. reveal he fought an authorC. illustrate some writers have unethical behaviorsD. explain why I moved his works out of my syllabus.2. Which of the following is “my teaching method”?A. I ask my students to meet the writer to analyze his book.B. I want my students to understand the writer from different dimensions.C. Students are required to read eight to 10 books to find indivial taste.D. One of my responsibilities is to help students find the writer’s flaws.3. The word “aspiration” (Para. 4) is closest in meaning to _____.A. hateB. cheatingC. sadnessD. ambition4. What kind of students is mentioned here?A. The students who are eager to get the writer’s signature whose book on the syllabus.B. The students who want to join in a workshop.C. The students who have the same aesthetic expertise as the writer.D. The students who can publish an expensive book.5. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Teach an Abusive Writer’s Work?B. Writer in Print and PersonC. How to Prepare a SyllabusD. My Regret答案：CBDAA出题思路：【1】The well-known writer Díaz is mentioned to .A. stress he is a Pulitzer winnerB. reveal he fought an authorC. illustrate some writers have unethical behaviorsD. explain why I moved his works out of my syllabus.这里想出一道 “论证型推理题”，也就是“论据A是为了说明论点B”这样的题目。该题的论据是由题干“the well-known writer Díaz”指向文中所述“Diaz是一个行为有问题的人”，论点则是四个选项。首先，确定正确选项：C：illustrate some writers have unethical behaviors（举例说明某些作家有不道德行为）。原文第2段开头说Do we continue to teach the work of people we now suspect of behaving unethically or abusively?（那些让我们现在怀疑行为粗暴、不道德的作家，我们是否继续教授他们的作品呢？）第2句话，作者并没有急于回答这个问题，而是举例什么人是那些不道德的作家。就提到News stories have suggested prominent writer Díaz may have acted in predatory ways.（新闻报道已经暗示著名作家迪亚兹可能有强暴式行为。）所以，Diaz就是前文提到的那些unethically or abusively中的一员。作者提到Diaz就是想举例说明的确有作家行为不道德，而不是作者自己的臆测。其次，设计干扰选项：选项A利用原文中Pulitzer winner一词，让那些没读懂文章，想蒙对答案的人上当。选项B的fought an author是对原文中bullying another的近义转写，让那些迷信“同义转述”的人上当。选项D利用第1段的syllabus迷惑考生。【2】Which of the following is “my teaching method”?A. I ask my students to meet the writer to analyze his book.B. I want my students to understand the writer from different dimensions.C. Students are required to read eight to 10 books to find indivial taste.D. One of my responsibilities is to help students find the writer’s flaws.这里想考第3段。发现第3段教学方法讲的很详细，就出一道多细节题，即每个选项对应一个细节，但错误选项在细节描述上不准确。首先，确定正确选项： B: I want my students to understand the writer from different dimensions.（我想让我的学生从不同角度理解作者）对应于原文I have always emphasized the writer as a fully dimensioned being.（我一直强调作者是一个全方位的存在）。出题技巧是paraphrase（同义转述）。其次，设计干扰选项：选项A利用meet来迷惑考生。在选项A中，因为没有上下文语境，所以meet the writer就是真正和writer“面对面”的见面。而原文中invites undergraates to alternate sustained analysis of a book with the opportunityto meet and question the author. （邀请本科生对一本书进行交替持续的分析，让他们有机会去认识和质疑作者）。原文中meet是学生和作者在“书中”见面，学生通过分析作品，了解作者。这种迷惑选项叫“去语境化”，也就是说原文中的词一定是“带语境”的词义，而选项中的词是“去语境”的词义，这两个词义不一样。选项C的设计是考虑到原文中与C对应的是一个难句，考察学生是否真的读懂了这个句子。读懂了，就不会选C。没读懂，因为数字10很醒目，就很可能选C。原文Most of our craft learningissubsequently channeledthrough eight to 10 books assigned for annotation, a selectiontailored to students indivially. 这句话的主要部分是Most of our craft learning is channeled (我们大部分写作技巧的学习被引导)。后面是through…books…, selection…（通过书和选集被引导）。什么样的书和选集呢？由被动的assigned, tailored修饰（被布置作业要求写注释的书引导，被针对学生个性化定制的选集引导）整个句子的翻译是：然后，让学生读八到十本书并做注释。我们大部分写作技巧的学习是通过这八到十本书的引导进行，这些书构成的选集是针对学生个性化定制选择的。选项D是用flaws做干扰，迷惑考生。【3】The word “aspiration” (Para. 4) is closest in meaning to _____.A. hate B. cheating C. sadness D. ambition这里出一道猜词题。对于出题老师来说，出这样的题比较轻松。词的意义一般要从上下文猜。这道题aspiration虽然出现在第4段，但它的意义要从第5段对那些学生的描写得出，知道学生们多么渴望成为作家，才能猜出ambition（雄心）这个含义。干扰项在这里没有太多设计。【4】What kind of students are mentioned here?A. The students who are eager to get the writer’s signature whose book on the syllabus.B. The students who want to join in a workshop.C. The students who have the same aesthetic expertise as the writer.D. The students who can publish an expensive book.这里又是一道多细节题，因为第5段提到学生们的多种经历。首先，确定正确选项：A: The students who are eager to get the writer’ssignature whose book on the syllabus.（学生渴望获得那些大纲上列出的书的作者的签名）因为原文：These are students who wait in line afterward, sometimes for hours, so that the author can sign their copy of the bookwe put on the syllabus. （这些学生是有时排队等候几个小时，只为了让教学大纲上的某本书的作者能够在书上签名。）其次，设计干扰选项：选项B用workshop迷惑考生，原文的重点不是学生参加workshop，而是“想和作者一起”参与workshop。选项C用aesthetic expertise迷惑，但意思和原文无关。选项D用expensive和expenses词形相似迷惑，意思和原文也无关。【5】Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Teach an Abusive Writer’s Work?B. Writer in Print and PersonC. How to Prepare a SyllabusD. My Regret这里想出一道主旨题。这种题比较难出，主要是错误选项要有迷惑性，但又要与正确答案有区别，还要反映出读者一些错误的主旨总结习惯，所以比较难出。正确选项要出得大家都没有异议也有一定难度。首先，确定正确选项：A：Teach an Abusive Writer’s Work?（要教授行为粗鲁的作者的作品吗？） 因为第1段，第2段作者都提出了这个问题，但后面也没有答案。说明这就是作者文章的中心：提出一个这样的困惑。这篇文章的关键词是“writer”，这个词一定会包含在正确答案中。其次，设计干扰选项：所有干扰项设计采用了同一个策略，就是从段首句找醒目词。选项B是第3段的开头，但Writer in Print and Person只是作者开设的一门课程的名称。选项C利用Syllabus一次将考生目光引向第1段，但第1段作者提出Syllabus（大纲）的问题，只是作为引言，引起大家想象，如果大纲里很多作品的作者都有问题，那么大纲岂不要重写了吗？就像叠叠高游戏一样，很多支撑木块都抽掉后，叠叠高的塔就倒掉了。选项D利用regret一词将考生目光引向最后一段，但这一段只是作者的感慨。英汉对照：1 When you are a writer who learns a beloved author has a dark side, you experience(v.) waves of disillusionment. When you teach that author’s work, you feel an additional stab of concern: What about my syllabus? As intellectual propertygoes, a great syllabus is a gold mine. Or perhaps a better metaphor would be a Jenga Game. Take away too many supporting pieces and the whole thing will topple.当你是一位作家，知道了某位受人爱戴的作家有黑暗的一面，你会经历一波幻灭的浪潮。当你讲授这位作家的作品时，你会感到额外的担忧：我的教学大纲怎么办？随着知识产权的发展，优秀的教学大纲就是金矿。也许更好的暗喻是一种叠叠高游戏。拿走太多的支撑物，整个塔就会倒塌。2 Do we continue to teach the work of people we now suspectof behaving unethically or abusively? News stories have suggested prominent writer Díaz may have acted in predatory ways. The Pulitzer Prize Board has launched an investigation of past Pulitzer winner Díaz regarding allegations that include forcibly kissing one author and verbally bullying another. As a reader, I’m devastated. As a teacher, I’ve got decisions to make.我们继续讲授那些人的作品，那些让我们现在怀疑行为不道德、粗暴的人的作品吗？新闻报道已经暗示著名作家迪亚兹可能有强暴式行为。普利策奖委员会展开了调查对曾经的普利策奖得主迪亚兹，调查关于某些指控，包括强吻一名作者和口头辱骂另一位作者的指控。作为一名读者，我非常震惊。作为一位教师，我必须做出决定。3 “Writers in Print and Person,” my class at American University,where I often adjunct, invites undergraates to alternate sustained analysis of a book with the opportunity to meet and question the author. Most of our craft learning is subsequently channeled through eight to 10 books assigned for annotation, a selection tailored to students indivially. Because of the particular scope of my responsibilities, and these modes of student learning, I have always emphasized the writer as a fully dimensioned being. What do I do when those dimensional flaws are revealed?“作品中的作者和真正的作者”是我在美国大学上的一门课，在那里我经常兼职，并邀请本科生对一本书进行交替持续的分析，让他们有机会去认识和质疑作者。然后，让学生读八到十本书并做注释，我们大部分写作技巧的学习是通过这八到十本书的引导进行，这些书形成的选集是针对学生个性化定制选择的。由于我的职责的特定范围，以及学生学习的这种模式，我一直强调作者是一个全方位的存在。当那些有瑕疵的维度被揭露时，我该做什么？4 Here’s what I can’t do: pretend that this is not happening. Much of the economy surrounding a contemporary writing career rests not just in what that author does on the page but what the person says at the microphone and in the classroom. I’ve never been a full-time academic. Yet I’ve served as a writer-in-residence four times. In other words, I cross paths with thousands of students, many of whom tell me about their aspirations of becoming writers.我知道我不能做什么：假装这一切都没有发生。围绕着当代写作生涯的许多经济效益不仅仅在于作者在书上写了什么，而且在于他在麦克风和教室里说的话。我从来不是全职的学术型学者。然而，我曾四次作为住校作家。换句话说，我和成千上万的学生不期而遇，他们中的许多人告诉我他们有想成为作家的志向。5 These are students who wait in line afterward, sometimes for hours, so that the author can sign their copy of the book we put on the syllabus. These are the students who nervously apply fora faraway workshop, and then hustle to cover the expenses, so that they can work with a celebrated writer. These are the students who trust in both that writer’s aesthetic expertise and best intentions.这些学生是有时排队等候几个小时，只为了让教学大纲上的某本书的作者能够签上名字。这些学生紧张地申请一个远在外地的工作坊，然后赶紧支付费用，以便能跟一位著名作家学习。这些学生既相信作家的美学知识，又相信他们的最佳意图。6 I look back with deep regretat times I’ve recommended someone as a mentor, editor or visiting writer, unaware of a history of abusive attitudes.我回头想想，深感遗憾的是，有时我推荐某人做导师、编辑或访问作家，并没有意识到他态度粗鲁的过去。

考研英语阅读理解中有六大题型，分别是细节题、例证题、推理题、中心主旨题、态度题。下面介绍一下每个题型怎么分辨以及对应的解题方法。细节题在考研阅读理解中，细节题的数量是最多的，细节题是针对大纲第二条要求设置的一种题型：理解文中的具体信息。1、细节题有什么标志？细节题的形式千变万化，同时又不像其他题型一样有标志词出现，细节题的题目中一般包含what、how、why、because、in that等+具体信息，总结起来就是常常问一些问题，比如为什么？怎么样？考研真题中的细节题2、细节题有什么解题方法？首先是定位题干信息，找到题干中主要的信息再去原文对应找。一般出题顺序是按着整篇文章的顺序来的。它不像例证题和词汇题那么好找，因此定位时候需要格外谨慎。细节题有几种常见的干扰形式：细节信息的拼凑、常识干货、反向干扰和用文中其他的部分的信息进行无关干扰。当一个现象具有多个成因，考查主要成因时，次要原因就会成为干扰。例证题1、例证题有什么标志？例证题常见的题干信息词有example、case、demonstrate、illustrate、quote、show等表达。quotation是引用的名词形式，考研真题中的例证题2、例证题有什么解题方法？例子本身并不重要，重要的是例子支撑的观点，按照西方人的写作习惯，观点一般都出现在例子的前面。除非例子在全文的首段出现，此时就要去例子后面寻找观点。观点多数时候也是全文的主旨。例证题最常见的干扰信息就是讨论例子本身，就事论事。在阅读选项时，一定要尽量绕开直接谈论例子的选项。推理题推理题是针对大纲第四条要求设置的一种题型，考查考生进行有关判断、推理和引申的能力。1、推理题有什么标志？常见的题干信息有infer、imply、suggest、learn、from。2、推理题有什么解题方法？转折处常作为正确答案的命题点，这一规律在推理题中比较明显。推理题不是自己的主观臆测，不是自己像侦探一样推理，而是对原文某个细节的改写，这种类似于细节题；或是对某一段信息的总结，也就是对局部主旨的考查，这种情况下，考生应该关注的文中重复出现的信息，重复的就是考点。选项中出现委婉表达（may、might）时成为正确答案的几率超过百分之九十。中心主旨题主旨题是针对大纲第一条设置的一种题型：理解主旨是要义。如果读完一篇文章，连主旨大意都不知道，这样的阅读肯定是不合格的。所以，主旨题必定是考研阅读中最重要的题型之一。1、中心主旨题有什么标志？主旨题常见的题干信息词有main idea、mainly talk about、mainly discuss、the best title、subject等。考研真题中的中心主旨题2、中心主旨题有什么解题方法？首先是串线法，将各段首末句串联成一个整体，这个需要多注意转折处；接着是中心句，尤其是开头的提问，和对它的回答，是文章中心；然后是中心词，文章中反复出现的高频词，注意同义改写；可以排除干扰项，范围过大或者范围过小或者只是文章某段的主旨。文章写的怎样就怎样，不要加入自己主观的见解。最后可以串联每一段的首句和尾句，识别出来文章中高频出现的词，并注意文中对中心词的同义替换；态度题态度题是针对大纲第七条要求设置的一种题型，旨在考查考生的“理解作者的意图、观点或态度”的能力。1、态度题有什么标志？常见的题干信息词有attitude、seem、one、deem、consider以及选项中出现关于的有关态度的词，比如positive、negative。考研真题中的态度题2、态度题有什么解题方法？首先说一下一些考研中常用的正面负面中立词语。正面词语：positive/optimistic/approval/supportive负面词语：negative/pessimistic/disapproval/critical/abjectionable(令人反感的)中立词语：impartical(公正的)/neural/objective(客观的)介绍了方法大家应该就懂了，态度题注意是文章中的感情色彩。所以态度题要重点关注文中的形容词和副词，他们常带有感情色彩，最适用的一个方法就是首尾句串读法，在文章转折之后常常出现作者态度。情态动词（should/must/could/need to/ought to）之后常接作者观点和态度。词汇/句子理解题这种题型是根据大纲第五条设置的一种题型，考查学生根据上下文推测生词词义的能力。词汇猜测题有什么解题方法？方法一：逻辑关系，一个句子和另外一个句子相同，找近义词（看标点符号，如冒号和破折号；找相同的句型结构）一个句子与另外一个句子意思相反，找反义词；根据感情色彩判断方法二：简单词，熟词僻义方法三：除去外表意思外，练出不断重复的内容，干扰选项多为表面意思的理解。对于阅读理解之前的文章有帮助大家弄清楚考研阅读逻辑的考研英语阅读理解三大原则，帮助你弄清楚文章的逻辑，你学会了吗

做考研英语阅读套路还是挺多的，我结合自己之前复习阅读的方法总结一下。做题篇不论前期还是后期做阅读一定要控制时间，尽量啊18分钟以内做完一篇。很多人开始做阅读的时候磨磨唧唧，一个句子看不懂就死磕，一篇一小时，就算你把文章看出花来，题目全做对又有什么意义，考试不光要准确率也要拼速度。说几个高效做阅读的方法：1先题后文。这样可以快速掌握文章主旨，题目的走向就是文章的大致脉络。看文章前花1-2分钟把题目浏览一遍，大概就能锁定文章的关键词，还要问题方向，带着问题找答案，速度更快。2找到题目定位点。看题目的同时可以回文定位大概的出题位置，比较常见的定位关键词有：第一段，最后一段，大写的人名，书名，法案，某项研究······在原文找到关键词后直接标出题号即可，找答案的时候严格在定位范围内，可以提高准确率。当然，不是每道题都有很明确的定位信息，但是一篇文章5道题，给出定位信息的总有2-3个，剩下的根据排除法就能锁定答案位置。3开始读文章，不光要了解每一段讲了什么，还要大致想一下这段的情感色彩是什么，正面的还是负面的，可以用“+/-”号标记在旁边，也要分清楚这个情感色彩是文章里提到其他观点，还是作者本人的，很多干扰项就是这样设置的。4如果在定位段里面不能进一步缩小答案位置，尽量往长难句处找答案。句子长有长的道理，你要相信。5虽说是阅读理解，但是不要自己理解，文章怎么说你就怎么选。6尽量用排除干扰项的方法做题，速度快。把4个选项带回原文一一验证，符合的就选，不符合就不选。一般来说超过定位段的选项肯定不选，态度中立的不选，言辞特别绝对的不选······7第一道题答案常出现的位置在1-2段，尤其是转折词背后，例如：but，now，however8词义辨析题先在原文找到词语，前后一定会有同义替换，可能上下句，也可能是前后两个短语。9没读完一句话就在心里稍微转化一下，大致讲了什么，你会发现一篇文章句子千变万化，讲的内容都差不多，反复在表达的意思就是答案，也是考查重点。10最后一道题一般是文章主旨，考察方式有①作者态度是啥②给文章一个标题③直接问文主题。做的时候通览全文，刚刚前面标记过的每段情感色彩，反复强调的内容都是解题关键。分析篇做题方法说白了就是技巧，是锦上添花的东西，如果文章读不懂技巧也发挥不出作用。做完题一定要分析文章，分析的过程就是想办法提高自己，读懂文章的过程。分析第一步是精翻除了一眼就能说出意思的句子不用管，其他句子都要做到精翻。其实一篇文章没几个句子是能一眼看出中文的，长的句子分清主谓宾都费劲，短的句子模棱两可说不出个准确内容，这才是做阅读的常态。①先梳理句子结构，主谓宾，定状补，从句从哪开始到哪结束②根据句子结构翻译中文，大概能知道句子传递了什么关系，做了什么事情即可，不认识的单词查出来。③翻译的过程尽量手写下来，手写翻译最能暴露问题。精翻完成后对照书上的解析，看看自己的中文对不对。一般会有两个方面的问题，①句子整个方向就是错的，意思完全不对。这就是语法没掌握。②句子大意是对的，某些细解理解的不对。这就是单词掌握的不够。针对问题逐一解决。精翻阶段的参考书推荐《考研真相》，我复习之前看了很多真题书，只有这个书里面每句话都有讲解，新版的是每句话图解，单词不光标注，还很贴心的标上了重要程度，方便参考。其他书都只图解分析长难句，这样即便你一句一句精翻完也没啥用，因为没有参考答案啊，仅仅给一大段译文，治标不治本，下次依旧翻译不准确。分析第二步是总结总结题目套路，其实套路我上面已经说得差不多了，这里主要说说如何总结。1找一个本子标上年份，题号，然后写上每个选项为什么选，为什么不选。原因要写详细，比如与原文不符，就要具体到跟原文哪里不符。这样仔细分析一遍，自己做阅读的能力才会提高。2自己做错的题目标记一下，真题过完一遍可以统计是哪类题目错的比较多。3总结除了技巧还可以从文章内容方面来做，比如经济类的文章喜欢讲衰退，科技类的文章作者大多抱着希望的态度······做题和分析的方法就是这些，顺便再整理一下做英语真题的全年计划安排9月之前：只做阅读（这段时间把阅读做2遍左右，时间不够的话就把04年以及后的做2遍）9-10月：完型，新题型，翻译部分；阅读开始做第三遍11-12月：作文部分；近3年的真题做模考就总结这么多，希望对你有帮助~

昨天2020考研英语考试结束后，很多学生都在讨论今年考研英语的难度怎样，尤其是考研英语阅读理解很多学生说自己当时在考场上没有看明白，前两篇自己基本上都是蒙的，后两篇基本上还可以读懂，为此为了验证考生关于2020考研英语阅读理解的难度，老师我今天亲自做了2020考研英语阅读理解，在做完以后，感觉今年考研英语其实难度并不大，考察学生逻辑思维推理能力和阅读能力，生僻词汇也不多，阅读理解的单词和词汇完全在考研词汇范围以内。2020考研英语一阅读理解试题分析，难度不大，试题考察全面。第一篇阅读理解在四篇阅读理解当中属于难度最大的，但是难度最大并不代表不能做对，第一篇阅读理解词汇会比较生疏，但是考生大致应该可以读明白，是关于“town of culture”为主题的阅读，试题第21-25中，第21题、第24题、第25题属于常规难度题型，试题设置的四个选项迷惑性并不大，尤其是考察坐着态度的第25题基本上属于送分题，即使文章没看懂，但是大概看一遍也可以了解作者的态度。第23题和第24题属于拉开成绩的试题，在原文中难以找到答案，需要考生结合文章语句进行逻辑推理才能判断。考生做对3个试题的难度不大。第二篇阅读理解是关于科学和论文出版方向的阅读理解，文章生僻词汇量小，第26-30题的选项设置没有第一篇的难度大，整篇文章共5段，考生阅读起来难度不大。第26题考察原因，在第一段就可以得出正确答案。第27题属于推理性试题，结合文章的第二段和第三段就可以得出答案，难度并不大。第28题考察作者的态度，也属于送分题。第29题属于细节题，需要考生在第段落中寻找答案，考生如果心理状态紧张就很难做对。第30题属于寻找特征题，需要从整篇文章来分析，难度不大。个人认为考生应该做对4-5个题。第三篇阅读理解是关于美国女性平等法案的文章，文章第一段阅读生僻词汇多，但是以后的段落阅读难度并不大，第31题考察作者观点或者态度，基本上第一段找出答案，第一段最后一句话意思其实已经变大了作者的态度。第32题考察法案的哪一个选项是正确的，我们从第4段已经可以知道unconsitision意思是不符合宪法的意思，已经可以得出答案。第33题在第7段中可以得出正确答案，这类举例题的答案依据就在上一句。第34题难度比其他题难度大一些，第35题需要从整篇文章阅读以后才能得出答案，结合文章意思可以得出答案。个人认为应该做对4个题，难度不大。第四篇阅读理解是关于法国征收数字税的文章，文章阅读难度不大，在四篇阅读理解中应该是最容易的一篇。第36题考察法国征收数字税的目的，从第一段第一句就可以得出答案。第37题需要从第二段中推理，但是难度也不大，可以看到征收数字税会导致美国的反应可以得出答案。第38题考生容易做错，但是属于考生平时练习经常做过的试题，从第四段最后一句可以得出答案。第39题需要从第五段中寻找答案，但是文章中并没有直接给出答案，但是可以看到经济组织的当前工作充满不确定性。第40题考察文章主题，需要选择正确文章题目，难度不大，考生只要紧紧抓住文章主题数字税就可以得出正确答案。个人认为这篇阅读理解正常情况下考生应该做对5个。以上就是2020考研英语一阅读理解四篇文章的试题分析，可以说难度并不大，并没有考生考完以后所说的难度难，考生只要平时多做题就会得高分，四篇阅读理解无论是长难句，还是选项的迷惑性都在历年考研真题中属于中等水平试题考察的做题技巧都很全面，难度并没有超过以往的难度。

课程介绍：本课程主要是针对考研英语（二）阅读六大题型的精讲，内容包括，考研英语阅读六大题型的考试目的，做题方法以及真题演练部分。从英语（二）10年考研英语真题当中精心挑选典型例题，通过典型例题对考研英语六大题型进行深度的剖析和讲解，旨在帮助同学们对英语（二）的阅读理解有正确的认识和理解，在考试中取得高分。课程内容：英语（二）阅读理解主旨题英语（二）阅读理解细节题英语（二）阅读理解态度题英语（二）阅读理解词义题英语（二）阅读理解例证题英语（二）阅读理解推理题适用人群：（1）英语（二）的所用考生（2）尤其适用于四级没过，基础薄弱同学（3）尤其适用于文章读不懂，单词不认识的同学

最近收到了一名读者关于考研英语阅读题的反馈：今天在这里聊一聊考研英语阅读题。考研英语里面阅读题占了很大比重，可以说如果能做好阅读，考研英语就成功了一大半。那么，考研英语阅读题原文都来自哪里，难度如何？为了回答问题，我找到了今年考研英语一的阅读题原文，并对它们做了一些分析。考研英语一中与阅读有关的题目一共有四类：完形填空、阅读理解、信息匹配以及翻译题，其中完形填空有一篇文章（240-280词），阅读理解有四篇（每篇约400词），信息匹配（500-600词）和翻译题（约400词）都是一篇。也就是说，考生需要在考场上完成的阅读材料总长度接近3000词，这对阅读能力有一定的要求。下面是各个题型的文章来源：完形填空今年的完形填空题来自Psychology Today的一篇文章：Belly Fat and Your Brain，文章探讨了一个概念：流体智力（fluid intelligence），这是人的一种基础认知能力，与短期记忆以及逻辑思考等能力息息相关。作者指出，腹部脂肪的堆积会影响流体智力，她也因此强调我们要采取健康的生活方式以减少腹部脂肪的产生。这篇文章是比较常规的科普类文章，没有出现比较难的单词和句式。考研的同学也可以重点关注Psychology Today这一网站，因为去年考研有一道阅读题也出自该网站。Psychology Today虽然是一个心理学网站，但里面有各种主题的文章，包括自我提升、职场、人际关系、健康、生活技巧以及婚姻家庭等等，而且文章难度都不高，非常适合作为泛读材料。阅读题阅读第一篇文章来自英国《每日电讯报》（The Telegraph）的一篇社论，原文题目是：Passengers won't put up with ever-rising rail fares forever《每日电讯报》是英国一份很有影响力的综合性报纸，内容主要是关于英国本土的政治、商业、娱乐、体育以及社会新闻。《每日电讯报》在往年同样也有多篇文章入选考研阅读。这篇社论主要讨论了英国铁路涨价的合理性问题，并指出政府应该采取措施提高铁路服务质量，不然会对出行者不公平。这篇文章难度也不高，全篇没有出现复杂的单词和句式，总体来看比较好理解。阅读题第二篇来自于ScienceNews网站的一篇文章：How giving cash to poor families may also save trees in IndonesiaScienceNews是美国一家科普杂志，创刊于1921年，杂志主要以短文章形式介绍最新的科学以及科技进展，文章可读性很高。ScienceNews入选考研阅读的这篇文章主要谈论了一个很有意思的经济环保现象：印尼政府的扶贫计划无意之中保护了该国的森林。其中一个原因是贫困人口得到资助之后可以拿这些钱去购买粮食，而不用通过破坏森林去开垦农田。印尼的这一实践证明扶贫和环保有正相关作用。这篇文章难度也不高，平时有外刊阅读习惯的同学可以比较容易读懂。考研第三篇文章来源于《BBC历史杂志》的一篇文章：Smiling Victorians: why it’s a myth that our ancestors didn’t smile for pictures《BBC历史杂志》（BBC History Magazine）是英国一家历史期刊，致力于普及关于英国和全球的历史知识。考研节选的这篇文章探讨了一个现象：为何维多利亚时期（1837-1901）的人拍照大多板着脸，很少见到笑容？作者给出的解释是，在19世纪人们牙齿卫生状况普通不好，很少有人能拥有一口健康的白牙，因此在那时候露齿笑也被认为是一种缺少教养的行为，这也是人们拍照时很少露出牙齿的原因。这篇文章的单词难度不算高，比如第一段里面只出现了一个生词prudery（意思是“谈性色变的态度”）第三段里面也只出现了一个专业术语：daguerreotype（达盖尔银版照片），不过这一单词即使不认识也不影响句子意思的理解。第四篇相对有点难度，它来自于《洛杉矶时报》（the Los Angeles Times）的社论：Is net neutrality alive or dead? It’s hard to tell《洛杉矶时报》是美国一份很有影响力的报纸，创刊于1881，其在2016年的发行量进入全美前十名。它也是考研阅读的题源外刊之一。考研节选的这篇文章讨论了“网络中立”（net neutrality）的概念，所谓的“网络中立”是指在法律允许范围内，所有互联网用户都可以按自己的选择访问网络内容。“网络中立”要求平等对待所有互联网内容和访问，防止运营商从商业利益出发控制传输数据的优先级。比如美国电信运营商AT&T也推出了视频流媒体服务，如果AT&T利用其运营商优势将用户从Netflix 以及Apple TV导流到自己的平台上来，那么它就违背了“网络中立”原则。这篇文章比较难的地方是要弄清楚“网络中立”的概念，以及美国几个政府机构对此的立场，这需要我们平时对这类话题有一定的知识储备。信息匹配题信息匹配题来自《大西洋月刊》（The Atlantic）的一篇文章：How AI Might Actually Make Your Job Easier《大西洋月刊》也是美国一本知名度很高的杂志，上面经常可以看到一些深度长文，讨论文学、政治、科学与艺术等话题。这篇文章主要讨论了AI是否会导致员工失业的问题，这也是近年来的一个热点话题。跟传统观点不同，作者认为AI并不会导致大规模失业；相反，AI还能让人类工作效率更高，有助于员工发挥他们自身价值。这篇文章单词和句式也比较简单，理解起来不难。翻译题翻译题的文章来源比较特殊：它来自于一篇教育学论文，作者是Martin Trow，论文主要讨论二战后高等教育的发展情况。翻译题选取的句子对语法基础有一定的要求，比如其中有这样一个句子：And the demand that rose in those societies for entry to higher ecation extended to groups and strata that had not thought of going to university before the war.句子主干是：the demand extended to groups and strata，that rose in those societies这一部分是定语从句，先行词是demand，for entry to higher ecation作为后置定语修饰demand，that had not thought of going to university before the war这一部分也是定语从句，修饰groups and strata，strata这个单词一些同学可能有点陌生，它是stratum的复数形式，意思是“社会阶层”。句子的意思是：而且接受高等教育的需求在那些社会兴起，这些需求也触达了一些社会群体和阶层，这部分人在二战前从未想过去读大学。通过对上面考研阅读题源的分析，我们可以得到几个结论：（1）考研阅读的题源文章来源多样，外刊占据了极大比重，因此我们平时要保持外刊阅读的习惯，可以重点关注Psychology Today, The Telegraph, The Atlantic以及The Economist这几本外刊。（2）平时可以多关注一些社科类热点话题，比如互联网、AI、反垄断、共享经济等等，这样在遇到相关题材的文章时比较容易理解。（3）强化语法，加强长难句分析的能力，避免在阅读中出现读不懂长难句的问题。

都说考研英语，得阅读者得天下。可见考研英语阅读在考研英语中有多么的重要。那英语阅读应该怎么做呢？不仅要刷题，弄懂文章中每一个单词的意思，每句话的意思，还要弄懂每个选项，每个问题的意思。除此之外，还要对考研英语阅读题型的类型学会总结归纳！每个题目类型，都有一套做题的方法，规律。当你好好归纳总结出来之后，好好利用起来，你会发现你的考研英语阅读的正确率变高，并且答题效率变得事半功倍。所以，归纳总结规律这个步骤很重要鸭！

嗨，这里是小恬的第七篇文章。在前面六篇文章中，小恬已经把一篇完型、四篇阅读和一篇七选五翻译完毕（点击蓝字链接即可阅读）2020考研英语一真题翻译22020考研英语一真题翻译32020考研英语一真题翻译42020考研英语一真题翻译52020考研英语一真题翻译6剩余的翻译、作文部分因为大家都有答案，就准备只将三道题目翻译一下。另外为了感谢大家的收藏和分享，小恬打算在文末跟大家分享一下完型、阅读和七选五的答题技巧，都是干货啦。第三部分 翻译仔细阅读以下文本，然后将画横线部分翻译成中文。你的翻译应该整洁地书写在答题卡上。（10分）第四部分 写作A部分你的大学的学生会安排你通知国际学生一个即将到来的歌唱音乐会。写一则百字左右的公告。将你的答案写在答题卡上。在公告里不要用你自己的名字。B部分根据下面的图片写一篇160到200字的文章。在文章中，你应该:1、简要描述图片2、说明隐含意义3、给出你的观点将答案写在答题卡上。（20分）考研英语真题答题技巧分享:一、完型1.梳理介词意义考研英语对常见单词考得很细，尤其是介词（如to, by, with用于连接句子成分）、连词（如since, if, unless, while可用于连接句子）这些种类的单词，本身数量并不多，更容易掌握。备考时将这些词语统计一下，一个一个对照词典查好共有哪些意义，还有相互之间的辨析，如20年真题的in, on, at, under。2.犹豫不决时，将候选单词分别放上去默读，选择通顺的那个。如完型最后一题，just end up with就比just follow up with通顺，也是最恰当的。二、阅读理解1.分类型做题。一般看完文章后，不要立刻答题，而是先看题目类型。对于文章主要内容learn from the text、文章标题best title of the text的可以作答，因为考察的是文章主要内容和思想倾向，这在文章总是重复出现而且第一印象会比较深刻。而题目限定了某一段（出现Paragraph）、某个人、某个机构（句中单词首字母会大写如第二篇文章的Elsevier，第三篇文章的Catalyst,甚至以缩略词出现,整个单词大写，如第四篇文章OECO）的时候，需要回到文章，寻找对应的目标。此时不要太相信自己的记忆完全依靠它来作答，因为记忆是偏向总体性、主观的，而细节是部分的、客观的，往往会有出入。2.利用出题顺序。一般来说，细节理解题的顺序与文章段落顺序一致，寻找答案时可以依据段落顺序寻找。例如，如果第一题对应了第一段，第二题的就在第二三段，搜索关键词的时候可以不用看第一段和比较后的段落。如第四篇文章，第37题提到Paragraph 2（第二段）,第39题提到Paragraph 5（第五段），那么第38题肯定在第三、四段找。3.原文与答案对比。此时需要细心对照，一般完全不同和完全相同的可以直接排除。出现原文同义词的大概率是正确答案。如第36题，选项的impose a levy 和原文的impose a…… tax, 选项的 tech multinationals和原文的multinationals that ……digital services 就是部分完全相同，部分同义词替换。三、七选五1.锁定关键词。七选五一般是一段选一句，我们需要从段落层面概括每一段的大意，提炼核心，再与七个句子的关键词比对，挑选最适合的一项。2.注意修饰词。七个句子一般都不是长句，每个单词都有其存在的意义，不能随便删除，故而其中的修饰词必须在上下文中有所体现。如G选项的could also be，也，那么前文肯定出现过与主语eye contact或者表语aggressive相同或者相反的单词。对比C选项can be friendly，可以判断的是，如果C和G两个选项都需要选进文中，C填入的空格肯定在G前。尤其注意定语（如选项的most, biological, friendly），它们或是它们的同义词需要在对应的段落出现。当然，所有答题技巧都要靠实力支撑，否则也只能沦为奇技淫巧。考研初试英语实力，主要靠的单词和语法基础。再次推荐一下新概念系列，多看、多读、多分析其中的文章，搞定语法和单词。这门课程对提升听说能力也大有裨益。祝大家初试第一、复试第一、总分第一，成功上岸！