英语考研阅读翻译

#考研英语#图片来源：网络考研英语翻译练习9：No boy who went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.句子结构分析-上过文法学校的男孩儿都知道戏剧是文学的一种形式。文学曾带给希腊和罗马辉煌，并且也可能给英格兰带来荣耀。-在文法学校上学的男孩儿没有人不了解戏剧是文学的一种形式。文学曾带给希腊和罗马辉煌，并且也可能给英格兰带来荣耀。在翻译的时候，有几点要注意：1.定语从句比较短的，翻译时，放在名词前面去修饰名词。即 who 这部分放在前面。2.定语从句比较长的，翻译时，可以单独成句。即 which 这部分单独成句。图片来源：网络单词、短语：grammar school —— (尤指旧时英国的) 文法学校ignorant —— (对某事物) 不了解的；无知的literature —— 文学；文学作品glory —— 荣誉；辉煌；赞美[原创作品，欢迎关注、分享、点赞、评论，请勿转载]

#考研英语#图片来源：网络考研英语翻译练习4：Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.句子结构分析-在每个启示之前，当时的许多思想家还是沿用了古老的思维方式，包括以地球是宇宙中心的地心说观点。 -在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家还是沿用了古老的思维方式，包括以地球是宇宙中心的地心说观点。在翻译的时候，有几点要注意：状语前置。即翻译时，at the time 放到前面。分词作后置定语，比较长，可以顺译。图片来源：网络单词、短语：revelation —— 天启，圣经，（圣经中的）《启示录》；暴露真相；泄露消息；揭发；意外的发现（新事、新经验）*revolution —— 革命；大变革；巨变sustain —— 支持；支撑；遭受；证实；使保持；使稳定持续geocentric —— 以地球为中心的[原创作品，欢迎分享、点赞、评论，请勿转载]

It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. 我们可以谴责交通阻塞、汽油价格、以及现代生活的快节奏，但马路礼貌确实越来越糟糕。Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter altogether.所有的人都知道：即便脾气最好的人在车里也会变成怪兽。老虎在油箱里还好说，可老虎若坐在驾驶员的位置上就完全是另一回事了。You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motoristis the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers” campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.你也许能够容忍在马路上横冲直闯的司机、粗鲁且不体谅人的司机，但现今文明驾驶的司机却实属罕见。(可能这需要发起一场“对其他司机友善”的运动，否则，情形会完全失控)。第二段：Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior.马路文明不仅是一种礼貌行为，还是一种良好的意识。司机需要非常冷静的头脑和好脾气才能在碰到不文明行为时克制住自己不进行报复。On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring.另一方面，些许文明行为十分有助于缓解驾车时的紧张情绪。A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions.一个友好的颔首、感谢对方礼貌行为的一个轻轻的挥手有助于形成友好宽容的氛围，But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.而这在当前的交通条件下是非常必要的。但现在，这种对礼貌表示认可的行为非常罕见。现今很多司机即使见到礼貌行为也似乎视若惘然。第三段：However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway;但是，误用礼貌同样危险。典型的事例为：司机为了让过从边路上突然出现的车而采取急刹车，却对后面的交通造成了危险。（而若不出现这种情况），本来只需几秒钟的等待，道路就会畅通无阻；or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to.或者，有人会为一个穿过斑马线的孩子让路，示意其进入行车道，但随后驶来的车辆却无法及时停车。同样，鼓励老太太随时随地横穿马路的行为也是如此。It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.我经常感到奇怪：高速公路上居然没有屡屡出现这些老太太被撞死的交通事故。第四段：A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper.一位行为无可挑剔的老司机曾告诉我：在不引起交通阻塞，从而惹怒其他司机的前提下，司机们学会逐个插入车流有助于缓解交通。Unfortunately, modern motorists can’t even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of boatmanship.但现代的驾驶员甚至不会学如何驾车，更别说掌握公路驾车技能的微妙之处了。Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.多年前专家就曾警告我们：汽车拥有量的突增要求所有马路使用者的互谅互让。现在是我们该把这项警告铭记于心的时候了。14. According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused by.[A] people’s attitude towards the road-hog[B] the rhythm of modern life[C] the behavior of the driver[D] traffic conditions[分析] 本题考核知识点：第一段主旨题。第一段第二句至段末的内容指出：好人一旦驾车也可能成为伤人的妖怪；过分大胆的司机（tiger）会造成很大的麻烦；鉴于文明驾车的司机太少的现状，为了不至于情况完全失控，有必要发起名为“对其他司机好点”的运动。这说明，形成道路问题的主要原因是司机的行为。 另外，本文其余部分全部是围绕“司机如何正确运用礼貌（politeness），以减少道路问题”进行讨论。所以，[C]为正确选项。误选[A]是因为没有正确理解You might tolerate…rule，本句旨在说明：文明驾驶的司机并不常见；而并非说明人们对于鲁莽司机的态度。[B]、 [D]舍本逐末：文章第一段提到现代生活的节奏和交通状况是为了引出道路问题的主要原因──司机的行为。15. The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog... the rule.” (Para. 1) implies that.[A] our society is unjust towards well-mannered motorists[B] rude drivers can be met only occasionally[C] the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hog[D] nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists[分析] 本题考核知识点：根据上下文理解句意。本句大意：你可以容忍古怪、粗鲁、不体谅人的司机，但现今文明驾驶的司机却实属罕见。exception to the rule 意为“例外”。[D] 是the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule的改写，表达相同的意思，所以为正确选项。[B]与事实相反。[A]、[C]文中未提及。16. By “good sense,” the writer means.[A] the driver’s ability to understand and react reasonably[B] the driver’s prompt response to difficult and severe conditions[C] the driver’s tolerance of rude or even savage behavior[D] the driver’s acknowledgement of politeness and regulations[分析] 本题考核知识点：根据上下文理解短语。根据题干关键词good sense锁定第二段第一句。由于该句是段落主题句，所以对它的理解必然基于对本段内容的把握。本段第一句指出：马路文明不仅是good manners，还是good sense。下文开始对good sense进行具体阐述。第二句说明如何对待他人不礼貌的行为：克制住自己不进行报复；第三句到段末说明如何对待他人的礼貌行为：表示理解并做出认可的反应。所以，[A]是这两方面内容的概括。[C]和[D]都只涉及一个方面的内容，不全面，[B]中“困难且严峻的条件”太笼统，“快速反应”在该段也没有提到。17. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion,.[A] road users should make more sacrifice[B] drivers should be ready to yield to each other[C] drivers should have more communication among themselves[D] drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others[分析]：本题考核知识点：细节题。根据题干中出现的关键词Experts，car-ownership explosion锁定全文倒数第二句。对本题进行判断的主要依据来自于对短语give-and-take 的理解。考生根据本合成词的构成很容易猜测出give-and-take 意为：互相让步,互相迁就（make mutual concessions），[B]中的yield to each other即为此意，所以为正确选项。18. In the writer’s opinion,.[A] strict traffic regulations are badly needed[B] drivers should apply road politeness properly[C] rude drivers should be punished[D] drivers should avoid traffic jams[分析] 本题考核知识点：作者观点题。理解作者的观点需要纵观全文。本文第二段说明司机应该礼貌驾驶并对同行的礼貌行为做出合理反应。第三段说明司机误用礼貌(misplaced politeness ) 同样危险。所以，本文是从正反两方面分析了politeness对减少道路问题的作用。properly对于作者的观点最具有概括力，所以[B]为正确选项。本文并没有从利用交通法规减少交通问题方面进行讨论，所以[A]非本文论述内容。本文也没有提及对野蛮司机的惩罚，所以[C]非正确选项。文章只在开头作为马路问题产生原因之一提及traffic jam，而并没有提到司机应该避免交通高峰以减少交通问题，所以[D]非正确选项。

#考研英语#图片来源：网络考研英语翻译练习10：But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literature ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood.句子结构分析-但是，专业戏剧公司在他们的固定剧场里兴旺发达起来，而有着文学抱负的大学生迅速转向这些剧场，作为他们维持生计的手段。在翻译的时候，要注意：1.状语前置，即翻译时 in their permanent theaters 放到前面。图片来源：网络单词、短语：prosper —— 繁荣；成功；发达；兴旺permanent —— 永久的；持久的；固定的livelihood —— 赚钱谋生的手段；生计[原创作品，欢迎关注、分享、点赞、评论，请勿转载]

不知不觉时间过得飞快，现在已经快到6月底了，大家的考研英语都复习到哪个阶段了呢？各位2021考研的同学们都开始做真题了吗？作为考研复习备考战线最长的英语复习，很多同学都非常迷茫，有些不知所措，我们到底该怎么做才能提高英语成绩呢？今天小编就给大家分享一个关于如何使用英语真题这一块的复习方法，如果你也觉得自己刷题没效果，可以看看这篇文章参考一下吧~考研英语阅读错很多，刷真题怎么才算有效？不要一次把四篇阅读题全部写完，这样你会觉得非常吃力的。小编给大家的建议是，不要想着一次吃一个大胖子，对待英语真题，应该是进行分步骤学习的：①每天下午2点开始，拿出一套阅读理解真题其中的一篇，掐表做题，每一篇阅读大概十五分钟做完，写题的时候全神贯注，不能查字典翻生词。把答案用白纸写下来，不要写在试卷上。②写完之后不要立马对答案，拿一个专门的本子，把全文当中，一眼看过去不认识的生词找出来，查出生词的含义。③根据你查的生词含义，2按文章段落，用笔去翻译这篇阅读文章，简单的句子不用翻译，其他不能一下子翻译出来的句子，一定要动笔翻译中文在纸上。④翻译的时候要给句子标上序号，当然，遇到一些比较难的段落、翻译不出来的地方空着，当然为了节省时间，大家不用再去抄写英文原句，只要翻译出中文即可。⑤等翻译完成后，对照试卷上给出的翻译进行对照，自己是否有错误，看看有哪些地方自己没有翻译出来、或者是有不通顺的地方，要赶紧进行修改，把不足的地方标注下来。改正完以后要多读几遍，不断调整语序，力求做到让自己的中文翻译流畅通顺。⑥把自己翻译错误的句子多读几遍，每天多看看。遮盖住中文解析，一段一段进行口译这篇文章，把文章彻底吃透。⑦仔细再做一遍5个选择，翻译完整篇阅读以后，再去修改自己的选项。看看有没有可以纠错的地方。⑧对照答案纠错，看看自己的5个选择题对了几个、错误了几个，看阅读真题解析，正确的解法和思路是怎样的，自己在什么地方上出了错，是因为单词不认识，还是“过度推断”等原因导致自己出错？是什么原因错的？一定要弄清楚。⑨可以根据这个题目或者选项的分类，做上标签，这样后期你会知道自己哪一类型的题目容易出错，利于以后分类进行针对性练习。在做错的题目旁边标注自己做错的原因，这样后期你会发现自己做阅读时的很多共通毛病。⑩根据艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线表格，每隔一段时候回来再看看，这篇文章可以按照半个月后、一个月后等周期来回顾，免得忘记。花费大量时间去翻译，真的有用吗？很多人可能会觉得花费大量时间去翻译原文很浪费时间，如果你这样想就错了。考研英语的阅读、翻译、完形，其实都是一脉相承的，你理解了阅读自然也很容易做对其他题目。而你如果不能做到正确翻译全文，你又怎么能做对选项呢？可能有的同学会说，那阅读技巧不重要吗？大家不要着急，一点一点来，所有的长难句都是由简单句组合而来，等翻译完所有真题文章以后，你的词汇量会有很大的提升，所以掌握每个句子的语法知识，后面碰到长难句才不会懵。那个时候再去攻克阅读的解题技巧，会更利于调配时间。

#考研#图片来源：网络考研英语翻译练习13：The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to the UK's providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader ecation business sectors.句子结构分析-大卫格拉多尔所发现的这些变化，都给教授他国人士英语的英国机构，以及广大教育行业带来了一些明确而巨大的挑战。在翻译的时候，要注意：1.identified by David Graddol 修饰前面的changes，翻译时放在changes 前面。图片来源：网络单词、短语：identify —— 鉴定；确认；发现；找到*define —— 界定；明确；阐明；下定义present —— 出现；提出；显示；提交major —— 严重；主要的；重要的；大的broad —— 广大；宽阔的；普遍的[原创作品，欢迎关注、分享、点赞、评论，请勿转载]

#考研英语#图片来源：网络考研英语翻译练习12：To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.句子结构分析-要了解戏剧活动有多繁荣，我们还必须记得，大量的剧本已经遗失，而且可能没有哪位著名作家的全部作品都被保留下来的。在翻译的时候，要注意：1.定语从句 whose 的部分，修饰前面的 author。图片来源：网络单词、短语：dramatic —— 戏剧的；戏剧性的；突然的；令人吃惊的further —— 进一步；此外；更远；而且hosts of —— 许多；一大群of note —— 有名望的；著名的；值得注意的是[原创作品，欢迎关注、分享、点赞、评论，请勿转载]

#考研英语#图片来源：网络考研英语翻译练习5：Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explorations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that people could no longer ingnore.句子结构分析-尽管教会试图去阻止新一代的逻辑学家和理性主义者，但是却涌现出更多对于宇宙是如何运转的探索及发现，其速度之快，不得不引起人们的注意。-尽管教会试图去阻止新一代的逻辑学家和理性主义者，但是更多对于宇宙是如何运转的探索及发现正在以人们无法忽视的速度进行着。在翻译的时候，有几点要注意：1.介词短语作后置定语，翻译时放到名词前面。即 by the Church 放在 attempts 的前面。2.修饰 rate 的定语从句，翻译时可放到 rate 前面。图片来源：网络单词、短语：suppress —— 抑制；压制；阻止；控制logicians —— 逻辑学家rationalists —— 理性主义者at a rate —— 一阵风的；以……的速度[原创作品，欢迎分享、点赞、评论，请勿转载]

原文+译文：Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments.实际上，科学的进步依赖于做实验，但更依赖于实验的观察者（即做实验的人）有所准备的头脑。Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple.据说艾萨克·牛顿爵士是从苹果落地现象中发现了万有引力。Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets.多少个世纪以来，许多地方一直都有苹果落到地面，成千上万的人也都看过苹果落地。但多年来只有牛顿一直对月球和行星沿轨道运行的起因感到好奇。What kept them in place? Why didn’t they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.是什么使它们保持在现在的位置？它们为什么不从天上掉下来？苹果向下落到地面而不向上飞到树上，这一事实回答了他长期以来一直对天空中更大的“果实”——月球和行星所存有的疑问。How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree?多少人会考虑过苹果向上飞到树上的可能性呢？Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. His mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research.牛顿这样做了，因为他不想对任何事情进行预测。他只是怀有好奇心。他的头脑在准备思考不可预测的事。不可预测性是科学研究的一个基本特征。If you don’t have unpredictable things, you don’t have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals, but history is filled with examples of it.如果没有不可预测现象的产生就无所谓科学研究了。科学家们在为学术刊物撰写呆板的例行报告时往往会忘记这一点，而历史上这样的例子却比比皆是。In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the “scientific method” a substitute for imaginative thought.在和一些科学家，特别是年轻科学家交谈时，你可能会有这样一种印象：他们认为“科学方法”可以代替创造性思维。I’ve attended research conferences where a scientist has been asked what he thinks about the advisability of continuing a certain experiment.我出席过一些科研会议，会上有人问一位科学家继续某项实验是否是明智之举。The scientist has frowned, looked at the graphs, and said “the data are still inconclusive.”那位科学家皱了皱眉，又看了看图表，然后说：“数据还是不够确定。”“We know that,” the men from the budget office have said, “but what do you think? Is it worthwhile going on? What do you think we might expect?” The scientist has been shocked at having even been asked to speculate.预算部门的人说：“这点我们知道，但你的意见如何？你觉得值得做下去吗？你觉得我们可以期待什么呢？”这位科学家感到很震惊，他没有料到人们会让他做出预测。What this amounts to, of course, is that the scientist has become the victim of his own writings.当然，这几乎等于说：这位科学家成了自己所写报告的受害者。He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced instrial and business management that they are true.他所提出的种种论断是如此不容置疑、如此一致，以至于不仅他自己相信了，而且也说服了工商界的管理者相信其正确性。If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to proce results measurable in dollars and cents.假如科学实验像科学杂志报告显示的那样完全按事先的计划去规划和实施，那么，对管理层来说，期待研究能够产生可用美元、美分衡量的结果是完全合理的。It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.审计人员也完全有理由相信，确切知道自己的目标并知道如何实现这一目标的科学家们根本没必要分心：用一只眼盯着现金计数器的同时，用另一只眼睛盯着显微镜。Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team.”如果像他们的论文所反映的那样，科学家渴望规律性和与某种标准模式的一致性，那么管理人员歧视研究人员中的“标新立异者”，而赞赏“善于合作”的具有传统思维模式的人，也就是无可指摘的。试题：51. The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that.[A] inquiring minds are more important than scientific experiments[B] science advances when fruitful researches are concted[C] scientists seldom forget the essential nature of research[D] unpredictability weighs less than prediction in scientific research52. The author asserts that scientists.[A] shouldn’t replace “scientific method” with imaginative thought[B] shouldn’t neglect to speculate on unpredictable things[C] should write more concise reports for technical journals[D] should be confident about their research findings53. It seems that some young scientists.[A] have a keen interest in prediction[B] often speculate on the future[C] think highly of creative thinking[D] stick to “scientific method”54. The author implies that the results of scientific research.[A] may not be as profitable as they are expected[B] can be measured in dollars and cents[C] rely on conformity to a standard pattern[D] are mostly underestimated by management答案：A B D A