英语考研提纲2020

2020届考研大纲公布了一段时间了，管理类联考综合没有任何变化，英语增加了一些词汇，今天坤则MBA考前辅导中心就把新增的词汇总结出来，请各位需要的同学惠存。一，新增国家及其描述2020考研英语新增词汇（一）二，新增四大洋及描述2020考研英语新增词汇（二）2020年备考更多最新政策，备考干货请持续关注坤则MBA

2020考研英语大纲的变化不太大，值得庆幸，考研英语词汇表没有增加新词。主要变化如下：（英语一和英语二一样）除此之外，大纲没有任何变化！我们的复习按部就班！以上变化可能引起的变化：1.翻译题中出现这些国家和地区的名字。2.阅读材料出现和这些地区相关的内容。所以我们不需要记得拼写。只需要知道单词和汉语的对应就好了！考研大纲的分向标如此，我们要看看相关一带一路的文章，中国传统民俗等也可以去了解一下。也许会在考试中涉及到。有备无患嘛，最新的考试资讯也可以第一时间去微博文都大班长那里去了解，资料也会发布。

考研英语大纲终于不负众位考生的期待而浮出水面，那么这次考研英语大纲较之前的大纲有什么样的不同呢？对于2020的各位考生又意味着什么呢？各位考生不要急，接下来，文都教育的考研英语老师就此次考研英语大纲变化及接下来的复习规划给各位同学详细解说。第一点：2020大纲新增了33个国家（或地区）的名称及相关信息，较2019考研英语（一）大纲只列举了25个国家（或地区）的名称及相关信息而言，我们不能难发现，大纲增加了要求记忆的词汇，也就意味着在今年的考卷上，我们需要“提防”那些原本为超纲词的名称，而现在已经是大纲要求范围内了。由此，各位考生则需要在之后的复习中对于外媒上发表的关于该些地名相关的文章加以重视。许多考生在复习时经常会增加时文精析这一项，这些地名的增加也就意味考研文章的选取可能会涉及到这些国家的时事。同时，这也对考研翻译增加了难度，考研英语一的翻译会涉及到众多体裁及不同主题的文章，因此，新增的国家及地区名也是在暗示考题的难度加大。但是各位考生也不必心存恐惧，考研英语考察的是考生的综合英语水平，因此，各位考生在熟记考研新增词汇后继续按照之前的复习方向展开即可。第二点：2020考研英语（一）、英语（二）大纲考试性质、考查目标、考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构、评分细则均无变化。那也就意味着，大的考察方向及题型设置没有改变，这是最为可喜的。大纲大方向没有变化，历年考研英语真题仍可以作为考研英语复习的参考。同时，考生在接下来的复习中，需要继续将分数大户——考研英语阅读及写作作为复习的重点。得阅读者得天下，考研英语的分数高低绝大程度决定于考研英语阅读。同时，鉴于考研英语写作复习的高性价比，对该模块的复习时间偏重也需要有所注意。以上就是文都教育给各位考生带来的2020考研英语大纲变化的解读，以及对之后考研英语复习的影响。总而言之，考研英语大纲的考试性质、考查目标、考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构、评分细则均无变化，这一点对于我们考生而言是喜闻乐见的，而对于新增词汇，各位考生也不必过于担忧。千里之行，始于足下，考研复习，就在今朝。文都教育预祝各位考生金榜题名。

2020考研新大纲已发布，比往年来得早了2个月。那么，2020年考研大纲有哪些新变化呢？做为2020年考研的“考研党”们，又改如何应对呢？我们一起来看一下~重大变化：增加了三十个国家的名字稍有变动：1. 新增大纲样题，但题型未变2. 重点提出对于词汇和语法的应用。新大纲词汇解析复习备考建议：1.刷真题！刷真题！刷真题！2.长难句减少，注重短句。但也不要觉得短句简单，也可能会出现复杂语法现象。3.词汇很重要。要注意词汇的1.①本身含义；②词性；③熟词僻义；④同义替换。4.2014年以后《经济学人》的文章减少，基本不考，取而代之的是比较小众的文章。5.在冲刺阶段，不管考英语一还是英语二，对于图画作文和图表作文都要进行大致了解，小作文还是要重点复习应用文（告示也要复习）。6.在写作中，要提高用已经学会的单词描述不会的单词的能力。7.整篇文章进行逐句翻译——积累真题词汇、短语。8.暑假阶段要打牢基础（词汇、语法），才能在秋季中加速提高。9.不要忽视虚拟语气等语法点，结合英语一，二的考研语法点中，会更多强调了各个语法点的用法，比如插入语，倒装句的用法。10.翻译题目的复习注意事项：a.理解。理解句子中的词汇、短语。b.表达。影响表达的因素有译者对英语原文理解的深度、译者自身汉语修养的程度、译者对英汉两种语言文化的掌握程度，译者尽量摆脱原文束缚。c.校对、检查。这步要求比照英语原文和汉语译文检查句子是否准确、通顺。调整汉语的顺序让整个句子读起来舒服通顺。以上就是本期学姐的分享，想了解更多考研干货的小可爱们请关注我哦！

1. 单词记忆词汇是学习英语的根基，是老生常谈也是真言。所以词汇记忆每天坚持，具体方法建议：(1)养成习惯和培养节奏感记忆时间：每天早晚半小时到一小时记忆，早上记50单词左右，晚上再重复记忆此部分内容，适当增加当天学习中遇到的新词。记忆规律：第一遍浏览记忆，大概用2个月左右的时间，同时划掉非常熟悉的单词(熟词僻义的要留下);第二遍浏览记忆，1.5个月左右的时间;第三遍加深记忆，尤其注意词汇在考研中的用法;第四遍，1个月左右的时间，加强印象...后边不断减少时间，最后一个月至少每周一遍，不断重复，增加熟悉度。(2)培养有效的记忆方法平时大家主要死记硬看，可以试试词根法，在第三遍后，要善于总结相似词、同义词、近义词和反义词，比如permanent固定的--mutable无常的;permanent永久的--temporary暂时的;permanent持久的--evanescent短暂的。一方面写作可以增加亮点，另外阅读中容易出现同义替换，熟悉的话会节约不少时间。2. 语法的学习学习语法的目的是解决长难句化简以及使写作中的简单句变长句。如果有时间能够系统的听一下语法知识是比较明智的选择;但是如果时间有限，那么这部分复习就直接在题型讲解中去解决。比如，在做阅读时，听老师分解长难句或参考书中的句子详解;写作时，多模仿，不要出现基本的语法错误。3. 阅读理解简单来说，每天坚持做，以近十年真题为根基。第一遍做时，主要解决文章中的长难句和单词，这样翻译题也得到了复习;第二遍做时，听完老师讲解的方法再做(没课的可以自己总结，但效果可能不佳)，做到学以致用;第三遍，熟悉做题方法，总结不同题型特点，查漏补缺。每次都会有新收获。4. 写作从9月份开始启动练习，可以每周一套作文，然后让别人帮着修改。作文切忌自练自改，不易发现错误。多背诵文章一定是最 佳的方式，然后就是多模仿。5. 其他题型其他都是小分题，在冲刺阶段11月后适当练习就可以，不要花太多的时间;尤其新题型，听课、掌握方法最重要。

原定于7月13号发布的2020年考研大纲可能有新变化，将于7月8号正式公布，这个措手不及的改动相信给广大“考研党”打了一剂“催心剂”，大家不得不重新制定自己的考研复习计划，然而万变不离其宗，2020考研大纲虽有变化，但只体现在政治、英语上，其他科目变化不大，那么，2020考研大纲具体存在哪些变动呢？小编总结如下：考研：政治大纲的变动根据表中信息所示：“马克思主义基本原理”和“中国近代史纲要”这两部分的变动不会太大，因为这两门课程的基本知识点是来自于固定书籍，除非书籍做修订，否则这两部分的大纲不会有太大变化，纵观往年考研政治，这两部分内容变动幅度都不大，属于微调。“毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论”应该会有较大的调整，因为有“新中国特色社会主会议思想”这一新内容的出现，包括该思想的扩展内容在内，因此“毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论”这一部分存在较大调整的可能性。“形势与政策”部分每年都是调整幅度最大的，这取决于“形势”本身多变的特点，而政策也是一直在变化，因此“形势与政策”这部分绝对会有大的变化，关注时事变化，关注政策变化，是“形势与政策”得分的关键。考研：英语大纲的变动英语大纲的变动每年都有很多“考研党”关心，但没有意外的是：英语大纲年年变化不大，纵观往年的考研英语，按规律可作如下分析：1、考研英语依然不会有听力测试，这一点大家可以宽心。2、阅读理解仍然需要巨量的词汇积累，偏词的出现频率会比较高。3、英语能够跟时事挂上钩的无非是英语作文写作和翻译题，因此备考时多关注时下热点话题即可。因此，考研英语大纲可以说是几乎不会有太大的变化，因为英语本身作为一门固定学科，她的变动范围是在有限，题型变动也不会太大。以上就是关于2020年政治、英语考研大纲变化的相关预测，正式的大纲尚要等正式公布，不过，根据往年的考研大纲分析，政治和英语大纲的变化，无非似本文所述，八九不离十。预祝2020年各位考研学子考研大捷。

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

今年的大纲提前发布，对考研的同学们来说确实再好不过，因为大纲提前发，就意味着大家可以早两个月清楚地了解到最新的命题规则，准确备考。一、大纲变化，我们如何应对？考研大纲是当年全国硕士研究生入学考试命题的唯一依据，也是大家复习备考必不可少的工具书。由于考纲的变动一定不是无来由的，新大纲变动的部分，一定是重点部分，让大家第一时间了解可能命题的知识点，这样大家可以不用像前期阶段那样的广撒网，导致时间上非常紧张。高教考试在线考研英语教研室第一时间拿到了2020考研英语新大纲，根据大纲，对知识点进行逐一复习，对变动的知识点，仔细揣摩其增加或修改的内容，为大家制定了更加贴合大纲的复习计划。二、逐个击破，快速提分对于基础不太好的同学，英语学习中背诵单词和语法学习是要贯穿整个备考过程始终的，对于其他题型，从目前至8月份，五大题型全面接触真题，初步学习解题技巧，9至11月份，紧贴近10年真题，进入精细化提分阶段，12月份是临考阶段，我们要稳定各题型做题状态，复盘错题，查漏补缺，尤其是作文。针对英语（二）的五大题型，现在我们来谈一谈大纲发布后我们到底该如何各个击破，快速提分。1、第一大题型——阅读：传统阅读共分为六大题型：例证题，态度题，猜词解句题，细节理解题，主旨题和段落推断题。对于例证题，我们首先要明确何为论点，何为论据，论点一般出现在段首句，论据紧跟其后。根据例证题题目中的关键词回文定位，抓住论点，排除干扰项。对于态度题，首先我们要看选项，一般态度题的选项可以分为可以选择的选项和不可以选择的选项，可以选择的就是那些支持的，反对的或者客观的，不可以选择的就是那些主观性特别强的。我们可以根据定位句找出答案，尤其要注意哪些转折句，疑问句和首末句。猜词解句题一般有语义一致和语义相反两种情况。语义一致一般从并列结构，论点与论据的关系和总分结构中可以判断出来，语义相反可以从转折，对比和让步的语句中判断出来。细节理解题在所有题型中占比最大，可以利用题文同序的原则模糊定位，然后利用题干和选项中的关键字准确定位。主旨题是对文章大意理解的综合考察，一般采用首段解题法，尤其是首段和尾段，将各段段首句联系起来，看出现的高频词，结合选项，排除干扰项。对于段落推断题，首先根据题目识别该题型，然后明确段落中论点所在位置，根据论点与论据的关系进行推断。2、第二大题型——写作：首先我们要明确，写出高分作文不只只是背诵模板那么简单，还在于对有亮点的词汇和句式的总结布局。其次，我们要对自己的文章进行合理的布局，一般都是总分总的结构，开头引出主题句，然后对数据进行详细描述，然后用承上启下的原因句引出自己的分论点，一般分为三条来论证自己的观点，最后归纳总结，预测趋势。3、第三大题型——翻译：对于翻译呢，大部分是在考察我们的功底，但也有一定的做题方式，首先要通读全文，了解主题，然后逐句翻译，在理解原文的基础上，遣词造句，最后修改校对，润色成文。此过程一定要注意对词，短语，句子及特殊结构的翻译。4、第四大题型——完型：在答完型题的时候，首先要精读首段首句，把握文章主旨大意（细节服从主旨），然后观察选项，判断题型，最后带回原文，确定答案。在解题过程中要注意介词的辨析，逻辑关系的辨析以及固定搭配。5、第五大题型——新题型：新题型一般分为两种形式：多项对应和小标题对应。多项对应的篇幅较长，不需要通读，多是考查人物与观点的匹配。我们需要根据题目左侧所提供的人名，浏览全文进行定位，然后浏览题目右侧的7项信息与原文定位处信息匹配。首段不命题，通常为文章主旨。考查概括段落中心，为段落匹配标题的能力。小标题对应，通常是先阅读文章首段，确定文章主旨内容，然后浏览正文前面的7个小标题。浏览命题段落，判断段落论点。（中心句或者中心词）如果遇到难题，可以先跳过，最后再做。最后希望各位同学们分阶复习，掌握技巧，备考成功！

2020考研复习安排表，好多人都在问，其实你把考研英语梳理清楚，无非就是基础+真题两个部分。所以考研英语的复习阶段也是基础和真题，你现在别纠结，补基础就行了。觉得要做的事情太多，也是因为你没规划好，规划好每天的任务，就不会乱了！首先，现阶段就是你补基础的阶段（基本是现在—4月，时间可调整但不能太久！）2020考研复习安排表——1.词汇英语基础最重要的不就是词汇，你单词都不认识几个，做阅读肯定很多都看不懂啊！①每天规定2个半小时，背单词，最少50个。（任务量最好不要太多，一天也没办法消化完这么多单词）背完之后，晚上及第二天都要重复背过的单词。考研英语单词，很多其实都不用你掌握怎么去写，只要认识所有词性的意思就可以了。现在因为时间还比较充足，因为你基础比较差，建议记单词时，一定先要理解单词的用法及含义，这样背诵会加深你单词的印象。可以用单词书《非常词汇》，很适合你这种基础薄弱的用来记单词，书中是660个句子记2000多考研必考词和基础词，“语境记忆法”能让你更好的理解单词，加深记忆。这样也不至于背过一遍，一问起单词就是：啊这单词好熟悉，就是那个那个，然后那个半天死活想不起来什么意思。②除了词汇书，真题里不熟的单词也很重要，你现在开始做阅读，不要着急自己看不懂。而是要把自己看不懂的单词、短语、语法都积累起来，前期本来就是个积累的过程。（具体方法，我在下面真题部分会详细说~）③在过完第一遍单词之后，你要做的就是“刷单词”：不追求单词怎么拼写，但单词一定要在全年的复习中过上5遍。我就简单说下我刷单词的方法。第1遍：就是上面提到的先全面记一次单词。第2遍：从头开始，每天60-80个，只看汉语意思。如果反应不出来就是没记熟，记下，重点再背一次。第2天会重复前1天的单词。第3遍：只看英语，每天60-80个，所有词性都要说出汉语意思！这其实是让你记牢有些词的熟词僻义，之后也会单独再把熟词僻义的单词挑出来再背。第4遍：这1遍过的比较快，基本是一分钟一个单词，会的就直接过，不会再标记出来。第5遍：最后主要就是查漏补缺了，主要是查在真题中积累到的词汇，还有没有不熟的。2020考研复习安排表——2.语法：语法其实就是真题中积累，再看点网课。没别的，基础差就多翻译全文，然后再对照范文，把语句的逻辑顺序理清。①在真题中积累语法：前期看真题会有点困难，建议选择一本解析比较详细的真题资料，《考研真相》就可以。书中的解析非常详细，一词一句讲解真题，长难句有图示解析，很适合你这种基础弱的人看图示解析来理解长难句。（随便选了下我当时的资料）②找外援，看看网课也可以！语法有时候自己很难理解，考研英语语法的考察点主要在长难句上，所以可以看下长难句的网课。推荐张国静团队的长难句闪过网课，详细的讲解了长难句结构该如何去分析，拆分及删减。老师讲课没有什么废话，很适合认认真真听上一节课的干货。剩下的5-11月的阶段，总体来说其实就是以真题为主的考研英语复习阶段。真题练习也可以分为三个阶段，也就是三遍刷真题。1.前期做题：最重要的一点精翻。我就说下精翻做题的时候需要注意几个方面：①做题顺序：→读文章（第一遍，不查词），做题；→读文章（第二遍勾画出不认识的单词和长难句）；→精读，学单词分析句子，再做一遍题，对答案；→翻译（全文或长难句），对照参考译文进行修改。②全文精翻，不一定所有的文章都翻译，把你第一遍做题错的多的拿出来静翻。我大概翻了有20篇左右的文章，之后做题感觉轻松很多了。③词汇：不认识的词汇就挑出来，注意熟词僻义、文章有没有固定搭配、词性、近义词、反义词。长难句：长句学会删减、难句中有逻辑关系，要好好分析。2.中期做题：对比前期，总结得失。当你认真精翻完第一遍的真题之后，中期做题，你会有不同的感受。并不是说你记得到答案了，而是你要在中期做题中与前期进行对比。分析：在哪一部分还有欠缺，比如段落大意的概括、逻辑关系的梳理等。总重要的一点，对比前期的错题，看自己哪里继续在错，哪里之前对了现在错了。这是你在中期总结做题时最需要注意的地方。3.后期做题：查漏补缺后期做题，主要练速度以及查漏补缺，这个查漏补缺不仅是对单词、语法的掌握查漏补缺。还有就是对出题方向，哪一出题方向的题错的最多，在这一阶段就要格外注意。最后推荐下适合你现在用的一些考研英语资料，你可以参考下。基础薄弱同学适合用的，太阳城考研英语3件套：单词书：《非常词汇》真题书：《考研真相》英一（《考研圣经》英二）基础薄弱专用，逐词逐句精解。作文书：《写作160篇》英一（《写作宝中宝》英二）从词句段篇教你写作文，再到3大思路和句子突破法则帮你拿高分。张国静团队的网课，很不错。还有一些资料，在后期你也能用到。希望你能在英语上突破自己，英语是个很重积累的科目，你认真对待就会有好的回馈。2020考研复习安排表就先说到这里了，祝福2020考研的宝宝们都能进入心仪院校。