2017英语考研

Text 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.在一个少见的全体一致的裁决中，美国最高法院推翻了前项对前弗吉尼亚州长罗伯特麦克唐纳的贪腐判决，但是最高法院对他的行为也掩鼻不屑，麦克唐纳接受从一家公司馈赠的包括劳力士手表、法拉利汽车等，已获得和政府接触的机会。The high court’s decision saidthe judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trialfailed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his ties.最高院的决定表明麦克审判的法官没有告知陪审团必须只考虑他的“公务行为”，或者麦克的决定在特殊和未解决的问题上必须与公务相关。Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, thejusticesfound.仅仅帮助一个送礼者给他们接触其他官员的机会，除非对那些官员有明确的意图以此施加压力，否则那不成为腐败。最高法官如是裁决。The court did suggest that accepting favorsin return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.”法院明确表示接受馈赠从而为其打开方便之门的确令人反感和恶心，但是在根据反贿赂法，证据证明必须得有确凿的利益，比如批准一个合同或规定，才构成受贿。仅仅安排会面，打个电话，主持一项活动不能算公务行为。The court’s rulingis legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery. “The basic compactunderlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”法庭的裁决在法律上合理的界定一种非犯罪的偏好，民选领袖必须允许帮助资助者解决官僚作风的问题，不用担心面临贿赂的指控，首席大法官JR说，代议制政府之下的基本契约是公共官员能够听从选民关切的事情并出谋划策。But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed toplay favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an indivial or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.但是判决强调市民和选民代表的要求，而不是法院的要求，确保对政府通道的平等性。官员不能因为个人或组织提供了竞选资金或个人馈赠就厚此薄彼，提供信息、安排见面等，这种形式的诚信需要政府严格执行透明政策，比如官方会议录音，游说规定，和民选领袖财富来源信息。Favoritism in official access canfan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society – that all are equal in treatment by government- is undermined. Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each indivial.偏袒会煽动民众对腐败的理解，但是它不是总是腐败，相反，公务员需要避免“双标”，即对普通人和富人采取不同的标准，如果关系可以买来，民主社会的前提——所有人都被政府平等对待——就被破坏了。好的政府依赖于一个个个体的内在价值。The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.法院裁决是对腐败和公务偏袒斗争的一个进步。36. The underlined sentence(Para.1) most probably shows that the court划线句子表明法院[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s ties.避免给麦克的职责定范围[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.在麦克的定罪上没有妥协[C] was contemptuousof McDonnell’s conct.对麦克的行径表示蔑视[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.拒绝对麦克的行径评论37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves根据第四段 ，公务行为只有涉及（）才被认为腐败[A] concrete returns for gift-givers.提供具体的汇报给送礼者[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.可观的礼物收益 [C] leaking secrets intentionally.主动泄露秘密 [D] breaking contracts officially.公务上的违约 38. The court’s ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are法院裁决基于公务人员的（）假设[A] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.允许把重点放在支持者关心的事情上[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.有能力独自解决政府事情[C] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.有正当理由满足选民的要求[D]exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.对于偏袒的指控免除定罪 39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to在政府透明度方面，需要强有力的法律来保证[A] awaken the conscienceof officials.唤醒公务人民的道德心 [B] guarantee fair play in official access.保证官方接待的公平 [C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.允许某种程度的游说 [D] inspire hopes in average people.激发普通人的希望 40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is作者对法院裁决的态度是[A] sarcastic.讽刺[B] tolerant.容忍 [C] skeptical.怀疑 [D] supportive.支持答案：CCCBD

Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.作为世界主要的国际语言，使用英语的人已经连续几十年保持增长态势。(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.尽管说英语的人数还在增加，但是有迹象表明英语在可预见的未来将失去在世界的主导地位。Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breadth of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol.复杂的国际、经济、技术和文化变革将削弱英语在国际市场上的语言主导地位，英国享受的由于广泛使用英语的便利的优势将最终面临新的压力。那些现实的可能性由大卫格拉多尔的研究强调出来。(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.他的研究会终结那些相信英语在全球的地位非常稳固而自满的人的想法，那些人认为年青一代英国人不需要额外的语言能力。David Graddol concludes that monoglotEnglish graates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations.大卫格拉多尔总结单一的英语本科毕业生面临暗淡的经济前景，因为其他国家的会说多语言的年轻人在全球公司和组织中更有资格比英国同龄人更有优势。Alongside that,(48)many countries are introcing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.同时，许多国家把英语纳入小学课程，但是英国的学生却似乎没有获得更多的鼓励去熟练掌握其他语言。If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international ecation markets as the demand for ecational resources in languages, such as Spanish ，Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.p>如果对其放任自流，这样的趋势将消减英语在国际教育市场上的相对实力，因为对西班牙语、阿拉伯语或者汉语的需求在增长，国际业务流程的外包比如日语、法语和德语也在扩张。(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all presentclear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader ecation business sectors.大卫格拉多尔指出这些变化对向其他国家提供英语教学的英国个人和组织机构乃至更大的教育产业领域构成明确的重大的挑战。The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other ecation related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more.英语教育行业的无形出口直接赚取13亿英镑，我们其他教育相关出口每年额外获得高达100亿英镑的收益。As the international ecation market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.由于国际教育市场扩大，最近到几个主要说英语的国家学习的国际学生人数减少的趋势可能会持续下去，尤其是没有有效的战略措施来阻止这种下滑趋势的话。The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:本研究对可能的需求转变的预测具有重大意义。(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and use of English, a basis for planning to meet the possibilities of what could be a very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.它为旨在促进英语学习和使用的所有组织机构提供了一个基础，该基础用于应对由一种或许会很不一样的运作环境所带来的的各种可能。那是必要且可行的方法。在这件事上，和许多其他事上一样，那些希望影响未来的人必须为此做好准备。

小编是Claire，本科就读于山东某双非大学国际经济与贸易专业，从大三下学期开始备考研究生考试，目前已获得对外经贸大学国际商务专业硕士拟录取，其中初试成绩、复试成绩和总成绩均为专业第一名。今天和大家分享的是英语一备考规划。先说一下自己英语的情况。因为一直对美剧电影非常感兴趣，所以从高中一直很喜欢学英语。四级626，六级602，几乎裸考。但是四六级分高也不意味着考研可以高枕无忧，分低也不意味着就没有翻身的机会了。毕竟出题思路和难度都存在差异，而我们学习是为了应试，所以科学规划加上恒心和毅力，英语75+应该是不难做到的。下面是自己的备考过程，大家可以酌情参考。第一阶段：2017年暑假之前目标：夯实基础。在这一阶段真题适当做1-2套熟悉试卷结构即可，不要急于做真题。按照单词、语法分类学习。这一阶段用来打好英语基础、提高英语能力，不要过分关注应试技巧。用书：①星火英语考研词汇②考研阅读理解1997-2007真题③张剑黄皮150篇学习内容：①星火英语共15个单元，第一遍两周记一个单元，每个周末给自己做检测，盖住汉语写出英语；②每周背诵2篇阅读理解文章。背的时候先通读，把不认识的单词先查好，标注意思和读音。我大概每天会拿出1-2个小时背诵文章，周末也要进行检测，将背诵的文章默写下来，生词自然就背下来了。个人觉得背诵是学习语言最有效的方式，在情境中记忆单词，背下来的单词在写作的时候是真的能用得上的。③找出阅读理解真题中的长难句进行翻译。一般辅导书上都会有全文翻译或者长难句解析，拿到长难句一定要先自己翻，具体标准参照英语一对于翻译题的要求，然后再进行校对，并且把里面的生词和语法弄明白。如果觉得语法有困难可以适当地看一下语法书，语法还是应该重视起来，尤其写作中，罗列了10个高级词的错误句也比不上一个正确的简单句。④张剑黄皮书每天做一篇。这个时候不要在乎正确率，不要把时间浪费在数错题上面。因为考研英语的文章基本上来自于外刊，涉及的题材也比较广泛，包括经济学、政治、医疗、法律等。做张剑的目的是增加阅读量，习惯英语写作的逻辑思维以及初步熟悉各种题材的文章。一开始无论多么难一定要硬着头皮读下去，先有量变才有质变，后期读文章才会比较顺畅。第二阶段：2017年暑假目标：开始刷真题，按照阅读、完型、新题型、翻译、写作进行分类学习。熟悉题型，寻找规律，形成自己的做题方法。用书：①1997-2015真题②其他模拟题（阅读）③《王江涛范文》学习内容：①阅读：从97年开始做，每周大约做2年的真题。经过之前的训练，到暑假开始的时候我大概读一篇文章不会超过十分钟，并且在理解文章上不会有问题。这个阶段要解决的就是为什么文章能读懂题还是做不对。所以在做题的时候要格外重视对于错题的研究。我这个时候就发现考研出题基本是对应段落，因此改掉了之前先通读文章再把题一气儿做完的习惯，改为先读题目，再带着问题去一段一段读文章，读到问题相关的段落时选定答案。那么除了做题顺序，我还发现自己经常因为主观臆断做错题。也就是说做题的时候要抛弃掉你原有的知识，一切以文章为准（这一点在后来考雅思做阅读True/Falset given题型的时候感触更深）。这样经过分析错题找到自己的症结所在，并且后面做题的时候有意识地进行训练，两个月下来之后阅读题就几乎不会做错了。②完形、新题型、翻译：这三个题型也是根据自己的进度安排刷题。刷的时候自己准备了一个笔记本，将题目里出现的生词、同义替换词、反义词、易混词、固定搭配进行分类整理。新题型，难度飘忽不定，比如今年我遇到的排序题就出自白宫网站原文，这道题与其说是考英语，不如说是在考逻辑。在英语学习过程中一定要注意体会英文写作的内在逻辑，这一点对所有题型都很重要。关于翻译就是要学会先拆再合。也就是先找出句子里哪些是主干，哪些是修饰成分，然后再按照汉语的习惯将句子表达出来。这时候就很考验前期的语法和单词功底了。③写作：写作前期要做的就是精析范文。比如小作文你要了解都有哪些类型，各种类型的格式，如何分段等等。大作文当时自己选取了几篇打印出来，把字号和行间距设置的比较大，这样一句一句地看，第一步先把生词和固定搭配画出来，第二步就是把每个句子的作用写出来，比如每段第一句是点明主旨，第二段一般会从几个角度进行论证，那么这几个角度分别是什么都写出来。这样几篇下来，考研大作文写作的结构和套路也就很清晰了。这一步做完之后就是一定要自己动笔写。我是每周一篇大作文加一篇小作文，一直持续到考研之前。还是用真题来写，先自己写再去读范文，找出自己写的和范文的差距，首先看是否存在语法的错误，尤其是漫画题时态是否用对了。然后看范文的论证方法是不是比自己的更有说服力，角度更新颖。分析之后有精力的话可以接着背诵范文。第三阶段：9月1日到考研前目标：做英语套卷，控制做题时间，形成自己的做题方式。用书：①1997-2017真题②其他模拟题学习内容：我一进入九月份之后分配给英语的时间就少很多了，因为这时候已经开始了专业课的背诵和政治的学习。所以这个阶段除了开始成套做题之外，就是延续暑假的计划，做一个进一步的查缺补漏和加强积累吧。英语学习是一件天长地久的事业，哪怕其他学科再忙也要抽出一些时间每天充分利用暑假的笔记进行阅读和背诵，保持大脑对于英语的敏感度。到考前两周的时候每天限时做套卷，做完自己批改。这个时候也不要在意能得多少分了，目的就是保持手感。无论自己学到什么程度，考试那天唯一要做的就是拿出120分的自信上考场！以上就是我的考研英语经验分享，希望能对你有所帮助！

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

2020年考研英语一到底有多难？通过考研英语能够上热搜，就可以知道，难度应该不低，有一个单词，就难倒了很多考生，这个单词就是renaissance（文艺复兴）。有同学居然将其当作人名，直接就给翻译了，很是好奇，不知道她翻译成了那个名字？有一位去年就考过的同学说：“很明显要比去年难很多，去年英语一我考了71分，提前半个小时就做完了，今年可能还需要多半个小时，才能够完美地做完这张卷子。估计，今年只能考65分。”英语一难，其中一个原因就是阅读理解四篇都是紧密结合热点，这让很多考生直呼受不了，新题型也不简单，可能最难的就是翻译吧，一个单词renaissance就难倒了很多考生。这两天，很多机构都公布了考研英语参考答案，不知道大家是否对了答案，进行了估分，如果有估分，我们可以参考最近10年分数线，看看能否过线？为了回答这个问题，首先需要了解考研国家线与单科线，国家线比较容易理解，类比高考分数线，就是进复试必须要达到的考研分数线。下面简单介绍下考研单科线。考研单科线考研单科线，分为两个，一个是满分=100分，另外一个是满分>100分的单科线。所以，很明显，满分=100分的考研科目只有英语和政治，所以，所谓的单科线（满分=100分），就是指英语与政治的最低分数线。具体如何划分，不得而知，但是，我们可以推测，应该是按照英语平均成绩来划分的，因为，与政治相比，英语要更难考一些，并且其平均分一般也要低于政治，所以，既然是划线，当然是以更难考的为准。不过，如果那一年，政治成绩比英语成绩普遍还低，那肯定又以政治为准来划线。总之，无论是以哪个科目为准划线，只要这个单科线被划分出来，对政治、英语同时起作用，任何一门达不到国家线，都意味着考研失败。那么，我们究竟能不能预测下2020年的英语单科线呢？如果想要预测2020年英语考多少分可以过线，首先要知道最近几年的英语（政治）单科线，所以，我们将2008年到2019年的考研A区学硕英语（政治）单科线进行了统计，统计结果如下表所示。通过统计表，我们发现，即使是同样100分满分的英语，不同专业的单科线差别还是比较大的，比如文学专业，单科线可以达到50多分，最近十年只有2014年是低于50分，只有45分，而2019年是51分，所以，2020年较2019年难一些，单科线再一次跌破50分，可能性还是比较大的。我们将以上表格中的数据，做一个统计直方图，我们就会发现，部分专业的分数线波动较大，比如文学、管理学等，而少部分专业分数线其实变化很小，比如工学、理学等。我们再从整体上来看，各个专业的单科分数线是否有什么规律可循？我们选择最近的2016年-2017年，2017年-2018年，2018年-2019年，将各个专业的分数线变化进行统计。统计结果见下表所示：通过以上统计，我们不难发现：即使是同一年，不同专业的分数线变化完全是不同的，有些增长，有些反而下降，没有什么规律可循，因为，影响考研分数线的因素较多，比如报考人数、招生计划、考试难度等因素。所以说，如果仅凭英语考试难度来预测国家单科线走势，其实，难度比较大，最起码对于某些专业来说，是这样。但是，我们也发现，分数线波动是有一个范围的，比如，2016年-2017年，最大的波动是2分，2-17年-2018年波动也是2分，只有去年波动范围较大，最大5分（除了照顾专业）。所以，我们可以预测，2019-2020年单科线，大部分专业变化依旧不会很大，不会有超过5分。并且，总体上，分数线可能保持不变或者呈现下降趋势，即使有个别专业会有所增加，但是，总体来说，大部分专业可能会下降0-5分，所以说，如果大家的估分成绩能够在去年的基础上，少0-5分，应该是可以过线的。主要有三个原因：我们已经知道，2020年英语一比较难，可以肯定的是要比2019年难。2018年-2019年分数线总体呈上升趋势，并且变化幅度较大，这主要是考研人数增加最多的原因。但是，这种变化不可能连续两年上升，这会让考生吃不消。2020年考研人数增加虽然没有2019年多，但是，依旧不少，所以对于单科线也会有影响，这个因素会导致分数线增加。所以说，基于以上三个原因，大部分专业的英语单科线可能会保持2019年分数线不变，或者在此基础上有所下降，但是，上升的可能性很小。最后，我们看看考研人数较多的工学专业的情况，将其单独做统计，我们可以发现，连续好几年都在下降，只有去年增长幅度较大，原因依然是考研人数大幅增加。2019年英语单科线是39分，所以说，基于以上三个原因，我们可以大胆预测下2020年工学专业的英语单科线会不会是35分呢？也就是说，会下降4分。那么，你对完答案估分在35分以上，那过线的可能性很大。以上，就是关于国家线以及英语单科线的一些简单介绍，同时也对英语单科线进行了粗略地预测，以上内容仅代表个人看法，仅供参考。最后，希望每一位同学英语都能够过线！

#加油考研人#图片为本人拍摄Part A51. Directions:　Suppose you are working for the “Aiding Rural Primary School” project of your university. Write an email to answer the inquiry from an international student volunteer, specifying the details of the project.You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET.Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming ” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)01考情分析2019年的小作文既没有考察建议信，也没有考察推荐信，而是考察了一个新的类型——介绍类回复信。尽管回复信是在英语一中第一次考察，但是不是在考研英语中第一次考察，2017年英语二就考了邀请信的回复。无独有偶，2017年英语一考察了推荐景点（tourist attractions），时隔三年，2020年英语二就考察了推荐历史文化名胜（historic spots）。由此可见，应用文写作存在两套卷重复考察的现象，这是由于考纲对于应用文写作部分的描述基本一致。学有余力的考生完全可以选择另一套卷的应用文题目进行练习。命题人提供的规定情境往往不会对涉及的活动、项目和活动等进行详细描述，因此考生需要对其从时间、地点、主题及目标人群等进行“定性”，才能更好地进行展开。02思路详解①由于收件人是“an international student volunteer”，称呼必须用单数“Dear Friend, ”②由于这位国际生志愿者不知道你在项目中扮演什么角色，因此第一段不仅要写写信目的，还要在写信目的前加上自我介绍，亮出身份，表明相关性。③需要国际生志愿者就意味着涉及到了英语，因此，第二段介绍性的描述可以从帮助乡村小学生学英语进行切入，必然有话可说。④由于是回复国际生志愿者的咨询，因此第二段涉及项目的介绍一定要表现出与国际生志愿者的利益攸关，如：因为志愿者将在四川的小山村里从12月3日待到12月5日，因此你需要带厚衣服保暖。⑤第三段表示期待：希望我的回复可以解决你的问题。03参考范文SAMPLE 2：称呼靠左；正文每段段首空四个英文字符；落款靠右Dear Friend，I am a student who is in charge of the “Aiding Rural Primary School” project. I am writing to you to reply to your inquiry about details of the project.The relevant details are as follows. Firstly, since volunteers will stay in the small villages in Gansu Province from June 15 to June 30, it is necessary for you to prepare articles for daily use, such as brushes, towels and shampoo. Secondly, the project aims to help children in rural primary schools to learn English, so you are required to make a plan on how to teach them to sing English songs.I really hope the above information can address your problems.Sincerely yours,Li MingSAMPLE 2：称呼、正文和落款顶格书写，称呼、正文、礼貌用语和署名每部分结尾都要空一行 Dear Friend，I am a student who is in charge of the “Aiding Rural Primary School” project. I am writing this email to reply to your inquiry about details of the project.The relevant details are as follows. Firstly, since volunteers will stay in the small villages in Gansu Province from June 15 to June 30, it is necessary for you to prepare articles for daily use, such as brushes, towels and shampoo. Secondly, the project aims to help children in rural primary schools to learn English, so you are required to make a plan on how to teach them to sing English songs.I really hope the above information can address your problems.Sincerely yours,Li Ming图片为本人拍摄本文版权属“研语是非”所有，转载请联系yanyushifei@126.com；未经许可不得转载或者引用文章全部或者部分内容。

- 中国研究生招生信息网提醒大家，2月15日，是2017年考研成绩查询的第一天，小编为大家整理了中国研究生招生信息网2017考研成绩查询入口、和各院校考研成绩查询入口。同时，为让大家清楚成绩查询中常见的问题和注意事项，小编也整理了相关说明，希望能帮助到大家。- 2017考研成绩查询入口：http://yz.chsi.com.cn/- 中国研究生招生信息网温馨提醒：- 1、本系统所有数据均为招生单位提供，招生单位对查询结果负责解释。- 2、录入数字、英文字母前，请将输入法调整为半角模式及英文状态，并且确保录入信息与准考证一致。- 3、若无查询结果，请检查您报考的招生单位是否已开通初试成绩查询功能，即报考单位是否存在于查询条件的“报考单位”下拉列表中有的报考单位。- 4、若查询的成绩为负值，表示有缺考、违纪等情况。若仍对查询结果有疑问，请咨询相应的招生单位。

同学们都知道，考研的第一步就是择校则专业。选择志愿是个风险很大的博弈过程，同学们要把自身意愿和条件结合起来，全面了解真实信息，权衡利弊，作出正确的抉择。小伙伴们要多考虑现状与发展，从而做出合适的选择。　一生物类专业声望度：★★★★期望值：★★★★报考热度：★★★★就业局面：★★生物学的考研率比较高，一方面，想搞科研的人要考研;另一方面，觉得工作不好找的人也要考研。特别是在临近毕业的时候，很多人便会生出一种不知是要考研还是就业的茫然感。分析：生物的发展处于“飞腾”状态，同时也意味着处于起步状态，许多新的技术都没能转化到教学中，无论是教材、教学方法，都还需要变革性的改进，在找工作时，许多优秀的化学专业学生常常能够与生物专业平等竞争同一个技术岗位。但是，生物学作为一门朝阳学科，很受国家重视，从教育部将生物重列为高考科目就可窥出一斑，在相当长的一段时间内，国家都将大力扶持生物产业，推动它的发展。生物产业的红火是必然的，只是，还需要一些时间、一些等待。二计算机科学与技术声望度：★★★★期望值：★★★报考热度：★★★★就业局面：★★★计算机专业，由于供求局面紧俏的时代已经过去，就业的关键在于学生质量。质量决定于两个因素，一是学校的教学水平，二是学生的兴趣和努力。分析：就教学水平来说，计算机专业的开设由于在硬件、师资方面都不困难，所以才形成遍地开花的局面，其教学水平自然也就良莠不齐了。所以，选学校是关键，最好选择那些开设历史比较长、师资配备比较好(最简单的方法就是看教授和副教授的数量)的综合性、理工类院校。计算机专业最有前途的莫过于软件开发，这是一个朝阳产业，发展不可限量。在这行要学得好，就必须有浓厚的兴趣，有了兴趣，才愿意去钻，才能持久地拥有热情，才能在芸芸众“生”中脱颖而出，争取到进入大公司的机会。三环境科学声望度：★★★期望值：★★★★报考热度：★★★★就业局面：★★国家明确支持环保事业，国务院关于环保的政策也很到位，环保事业深得民心，中国的污染严重意味着施展空间无限，媒体对环保的关注度居高不下，就微观来看，环保局的执法地位也上升很快……总之，一切看起来都那么美好。分析：执法力度不足，政府在人事方面政策不足，市场化需求不高，导致了环境科学有价无市的现状。报读这个专业，就一定要出类拔萃，尽量选择知名度高的大学，这样才能更好地获得进入大公司和环保部门的机会。在近几年内，对于环境科学，可能还是慎报为佳。不过，这终究是一块总会发光的金子，学好了，也许就在你毕业的那一年，时机成熟，那么你将有可能成为环保企业春天时代的明星。四物流管理专业声望度：★★★★期望值：★★★★报考热度：★★★★★就业局面：★★★★物流管理是以大红姿态出现在人们视野中的。几年前，物流管理横空出世，到处都充盈着“中国物流管理缺口达数百万”“物流管理已成为产业发展的第三方利润点”的新闻，而早前毕业的物流管理人才，也确实有很多获得了传说中的俏职位和好待遇。各种大中小型物流企业群雄并起，攻城略地，一些大型企业如制粮业、钢铁业、零售业也纷纷建立自己的物流网，以期降低成本，取得利润最大化。分析：综合来看，物流业是大有可为的。只是，来得太迅猛了一些，对于很多院校来说，这是一个全新的专业，这就存在着教学质量上的问题了。报这个专业，首先挑一个好学校，尽量找历史稍微长一点的，在工商营销类专业有所建树的。另外要充分分析一下自己的性格，是不是思维严谨、为人开朗、数学能力较强的，是的话，将来工作会更容易上手。五复合型专业声望度：★★★期望值：★★★报考热度：★★★就业局面：★★★高招专业目录上的有相当一部分专业名称后跟上了一个括号，括号内赫然注明“××方向”或是“××强化”字样，而这个××，并非这个专业内的一个分支，像信息管理与信息系统这个专业，分出“情报方向”“计算机方向”等，这只是表明它偏向于某一专业组成部分的培养，算不上复合型专业。而例如，化学工程与工艺(英语强化)这些与另一学科系统相结合的专业，才算得上是复合型专业。还有一些新兴专业，例如电子商务，没说自己是复合型专业，但它的学习内容分为管理、技术、营销三个特色鲜明的板块，从实质上来说也还是复合型专业。一个专业，能学几样东西，委实令人心动，许多考生专瞄这样的专业来填报，导致其分数节节升高。分析：既复又合，上上之选，如果有这样一个在毕业生中口碑很好的专业，恰好又是自己兴趣所在，那就恭喜了。至于复而不合，倒并不是硬伤，都学好了，也是身怀多艺，其实也是好事。最怕的是，博而不精，样样懂点皮毛，又怎么做专业人才?选复合型专业，关键是要看所选的专业所融合的两个学科，对于自己的发展有没有用，自己又有没有信心能学好，毕竟，大学里主要还是要学会学习，靠自己比靠老师要更牢靠些。六农学类专业声望度：★★期望值：★★★★报考热度：★★就业局面：★★★农学是老专业了，长年以来都属于冷门艰苦专业，城市的孩子对它是敬而远之，农村的孩子一心想着跳出农门，也不怎么喜欢它，招生时常常“吃不饱”，很少有第一志愿考生，一般都是录取二、三志愿考生甚至通过调剂才能完成招生任务。分数低、学费低是它的两大鲜明特性。不过，在农业现代化慢慢推进到显著效果时，大约是2000年之后，农学开始了它的“摘帽之旅”。分析：虽然背负着冷门艰苦的历史名声，但三十年河东三十年河西，农学确实是迎来了发展的春天。在春天里，既有百花盛开的繁华，也有残冬未消的寒意，在这个时期，农类专业的录取分虽有所上升，但仍处于下游状态，对于一些分数位于一本、二本临界而又想冲上去的考生来说中，无疑提供了一个良好的选择。就其就业前景和发展前景来说，农学类专业都呈现出蓬勃的上升之势，就业面也越来越广，社会地位和声誉都在提高，如果不在乎这个“农”字，不妨仔细搜索一下，想来会找到适合自己的专业。　七市场营销声望度：★★期望值：★★★报考热度：★★★★就业局面：★★★从上世纪90年代中期起，市场营销人才就长踞人才榜前列，市场永远缺乏营销人才。市场营销专业在此时开始繁荣起来，它一般分离自经济贸易或是工商管理专业，定位为培养现代企业高级营销人才。现状：热度略呈下降趋势，但报考者仍是前赴后继，势不可挡。因为市场营销专业投入小，师资门槛也相对较低，故而近年来增设的院校也比较多，从而从规模上扩大了招生总量。在就业上，只要不挑，找工作是没有问题的，因为这个岗位需求量太大了。只是，相当多的人没有考虑到，需求量大的背后隐藏着一个事实：流动量大。市场营销是一个残酷的行业，一切以业绩论英雄，招聘时许诺有丰厚的薪水，但是有前提的，那完成了才能拿到理想中的薪水，完不成的，就有可能被淘汰。分析：市场营销市场上的需求是很大的，但是学校里面学的大多只是理论知识，现在社会上需要的是有实际经验的复合型人才。换句话说就是有经验的营销人员，包括一系列的策划宣传推动产品销售，这个涉及到很多方面的知识，只有在社会实践中，在市场经济里你才会学到这些。对于应届毕业生而言，存在较多的现象是高薪的职位做不来，基层业务员又不屑做。选一个专业，一定要有相当的自信，并做好先吃苦后享福的准备。八会展与经济管理声望度：★★★期望值：★★★报考热度：★★★★就业局面：★★★会展业自2000年起可以用风生水起来形容，泱泱中华，从北至南，从西至东，几乎所有省会城市及一些经济较发达的大城市都建起来了雄伟华美的会展中心，相当部分的城市里，会展中心都成为标志性建筑物。由于会展业起点高，文化气息浓郁，经济效益明显，故而会展专业横空出世，就备受瞩目，迅速上位成为火爆专业。分析：实际上我国会展市场需求量最大的是从事招展、招商工作的业务骨干，至于会展的布置和管理，则属于微观管理、“雕虫小技”，比较容易掌握，也比较不容易被人重视。入行容易，成专家就难了，必定要经过多年磨练，积累起相当的工作经验才能担当的。而且，目前的教学体系尚且幼稚，培养出来的人才还有待市场考验。　九中西医结合声望度：★★★期望值：★★报考热度：★★★就业局面：★★★也是在十年前左右，中西医结合开始吸引一些家长和考生的眼球。中医代表和传统，并且有点化腐朽为神奇的古老神秘感，望闻问切，讲究人体和谐运转，以毒副作用小著称，备受时尚人群的追捧。分析：这个专业仍是有前途的。中医的受重视和受欢迎程度越来越高，在结合了西医的检测和手术方法后，能够更好地进行诊断治疗。但是，现在的医学专业，基本上都包含了对检测仪器的应用学习，有的医院会以中西医结合专业学业不专而拒绝接收毕业生，这是仁者见仁智者见智的问题。报考的时候，关键还是看兴趣。如何选择学校及专业?一、不要让现在的学校决定你考研的选择很多同学在择校时很犹豫，可能是因为自己现在的学校不好，因此在考研择校时不敢去追求理想的学校，这大可不必。你的本科学校如何，是由你的高考成绩决定的，首先，它带有一定的偶然性，"一考定终生"自然也就不能百分百断定一个人的水平和实力;其次，即使你真的是学习基础不太好，那么现在抓紧时间确定下目标，好好努力，充分准备，正常发挥，也未必就不能鲤鱼跳龙门。任何时候学习和努力都不晚，只看你有没有决心和梦想、想不想改变自己和命运。另外不可否认，211、985学校的本科生，从整体上看综合实力相对而言的确要高一些，但其实大学是怎样过的大家心理都清楚，你的学校很好不代表你大学四年就一定学到了比别人多的东西。所谓"英雄不问出处"、"士别三日当刮目相看"，更何况是士别四年。学校只能给你提供一个平台和环境，真正的卓越不是凭借学校而生，而是凭借你自己的成长和进步。所以，既不要因为本科学校很好就妄自尊大、不可一世，也不要因为本科学校很差就妄自菲薄、看轻自己。保守自轻固然不对，好高骛远也不可取。最好的学校不一定最适合你，最适合你的学校才是最好的。适当带有挑战性而又是自己经过努力能够达成的目标或许才是理想的选择。对自己一定要有信心。二、以专业定学校，或以学校定专业有很多人说研究生择校要看专业，专业好的话学校差点也无所谓，这种想法有一定道理，毕竟专业实力即使不是决定也至少是在很大程度上影响了你在研究生期间能学到什么，专业实力强的学校能让你在本专业的研究和学习上精益求精，从而提高你的专业造诣，但也可能因此造成视野的局限。专业虽然差一点但综合实力强的学校，能够让你接触到更多的圈子和朋友，对综合学养的提升帮助更大，但在专业上面需要你自己下更多功夫。而且，无论你学什么，将来终究都是要走向就业市场，而市场不仅会看你学什么，也会看你的文凭(准入资格)。毕竟在没有深入了解你之前，文凭是市场了解你最快最直接的方式。到底是以专业实力选择学校，还是以综合实力选择学校，小编个人认为主要看你自己的志趣，结合你自己的实力，能够尽量取得平衡的选择是最理想的。三、意向院校意向专业的考试难度经常看到一种帖子，就是询问某某学校难不难的问题。这个问题其实没有标准答案。有人会觉得很难，自然也有人会觉得简单，甚至有人的目标根本不在于此，但却仅凭主观臆断在无意中混淆了你的认知。因此，与其问别人这所学校难考吗?不如多问问自己：我现在的实力如何?我通过一年的努力能够达到什么样的水平、取得什么样的进步?我有没有让自己不断进步和完善的决心和毅力?没有人比你更了解自己的情况，因此没有人比你更能准确地告诉你自己，这所学校对你来说难还是不难。建议大家多去找找信息，如意向院校的历年的报录比、制定考试参考书、历年真题、出题风格等。当然，别人的意见也有值得吸收和借鉴的一面，但在决定人生选择这样的大问题上，自己是唯一能对自己负责的人。四、地域区别需要考虑你未来选择的大学或者研招单位，不单单是这所大学和这个研招单位对你的教育，而且是这所大学或者这个研招单位所在城市的综合资源对你的教育。你在一个城市上学，不管你是这个城市中哪所学校的学生，你都会受到这个城市的整体影响。不管上的是名校还是普通院校，你都没有办法独善其身，摆脱这个城市给你打下的烙印。在选择城市时，应当坚持"在哪工作，在哪安家，就在哪读研"的考研地区选择的基本原则。北上广作为一线城市，自然是众人大多数的选择。这些城市有着光鲜的面貌，但不一定能带给你光鲜的未来。首先，北上广虽然资源和机会虽多，但竞争者也多，激烈的竞争未必能带给你一份满意的好工作。其次，即使能够找到一份好工作，将来是否能够长居此地?一线城市的房价和生活水平，相比二线城市或内陆肯定更高，能在这里暂时扎根但有没有想过未来的长远发展?第三，生存还是生活，不同的城市面临的是不同的问题。相比之下，许多二线城市如成都、武汉、南京等省会城市，有它们自己并不逊于一线城市的优势，也值得大家在择校时认真考虑。以上几点是择校时应重点考虑的方向。好的开始是成功的一半，漫漫考研路，选择一个自己感兴趣又适合自己的专业就已经朝着成功迈进了一大步，开往梦想的地铁上，没有人愿意中途下车，我们都会期望这辆车轰隆隆地一路向前。为了避免被迫中途转车，那么，就要在出发时就要好好地思考，理性分析，慎重选择。

谁都明白一个道理：“现场实习三个月比读几年大学来得更直接，记忆也更深刻。”今天如梦就带着大家一起来“实习”一篇《八句话，走天下》某读者写的文章。2017年考研英语一作文真题2018考研学子的文章该同学的水平应该是属于中上游，对《八句话》也有自己的想法，这点很好。在《八句话》的第26页给大家列举了一系列类似于short-sighted（短浅的）这种高端合成词汇，只需要选择记忆即可。stretch out on the sofa 表示四肢展开躺在沙发上，这个表达给人以“懒散”的画面感，沙发是与on搭配。该同学把self-made会错了意，这个词汇常用来形容“自制的什么东西”，而不是说这个人“自我克制”，另外还可以形容白手起家的大佬。注意句子的精炼，减少冗杂的元素，比如图中简化的部分。用词精度一直是大部分考生的噩梦，词不达意或词走偏锋。“冠词、三单线准确”是你即将离开“菜鸟驿站”的标志。不要在考场给自己出语法题，一般现在时和将来时是对自己最“么么哒”的宠物，不要跳“过去完成进行时”等高难度的“钢管舞”，它们是潘多拉的魔盒。动词短语名词化（ing）和不定式是你永远也爱不完的“主人（主语）”，英语二的同学务必学会用这两种主语来让文章“客观化”。时刻记住本文最下面的那一句话：剑桥大学给了世界级的一句权威点评，一篇宇宙级的好文章应该是那样的。小作文很简单，格式完全固定，在十二月一号的时候，如梦把系统录制的视频传给大家，小作文差距不大，大作文才是关键！！！WeChat subscription：八句话走天下University of Cambridge：Good arguments are well established （精确设计）and not difficult to understand（可控写作）.