英文考研大纲2020

2020届考研大纲公布了一段时间了，管理类联考综合没有任何变化，英语增加了一些词汇，今天坤则MBA考前辅导中心就把新增的词汇总结出来，请各位需要的同学惠存。一，新增国家及其描述2020考研英语新增词汇（一）二，新增四大洋及描述2020考研英语新增词汇（二）2020年备考更多最新政策，备考干货请持续关注坤则MBA

原定于7月13号发布的2020年考研大纲可能有新变化，将于7月8号正式公布，这个措手不及的改动相信给广大“考研党”打了一剂“催心剂”，大家不得不重新制定自己的考研复习计划，然而万变不离其宗，2020考研大纲虽有变化，但只体现在政治、英语上，其他科目变化不大，那么，2020考研大纲具体存在哪些变动呢？小编总结如下：考研：政治大纲的变动根据表中信息所示：“马克思主义基本原理”和“中国近代史纲要”这两部分的变动不会太大，因为这两门课程的基本知识点是来自于固定书籍，除非书籍做修订，否则这两部分的大纲不会有太大变化，纵观往年考研政治，这两部分内容变动幅度都不大，属于微调。“毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论”应该会有较大的调整，因为有“新中国特色社会主会议思想”这一新内容的出现，包括该思想的扩展内容在内，因此“毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论”这一部分存在较大调整的可能性。“形势与政策”部分每年都是调整幅度最大的，这取决于“形势”本身多变的特点，而政策也是一直在变化，因此“形势与政策”这部分绝对会有大的变化，关注时事变化，关注政策变化，是“形势与政策”得分的关键。考研：英语大纲的变动英语大纲的变动每年都有很多“考研党”关心，但没有意外的是：英语大纲年年变化不大，纵观往年的考研英语，按规律可作如下分析：1、考研英语依然不会有听力测试，这一点大家可以宽心。2、阅读理解仍然需要巨量的词汇积累，偏词的出现频率会比较高。3、英语能够跟时事挂上钩的无非是英语作文写作和翻译题，因此备考时多关注时下热点话题即可。因此，考研英语大纲可以说是几乎不会有太大的变化，因为英语本身作为一门固定学科，她的变动范围是在有限，题型变动也不会太大。以上就是关于2020年政治、英语考研大纲变化的相关预测，正式的大纲尚要等正式公布，不过，根据往年的考研大纲分析，政治和英语大纲的变化，无非似本文所述，八九不离十。预祝2020年各位考研学子考研大捷。

2020考研英语大纲的变化不太大，值得庆幸，考研英语词汇表没有增加新词。主要变化如下：（英语一和英语二一样）除此之外，大纲没有任何变化！我们的复习按部就班！以上变化可能引起的变化：1.翻译题中出现这些国家和地区的名字。2.阅读材料出现和这些地区相关的内容。所以我们不需要记得拼写。只需要知道单词和汉语的对应就好了！考研大纲的分向标如此，我们要看看相关一带一路的文章，中国传统民俗等也可以去了解一下。也许会在考试中涉及到。有备无患嘛，最新的考试资讯也可以第一时间去微博文都大班长那里去了解，资料也会发布。

2020考研新大纲已发布，比往年来得早了2个月。那么，2020年考研大纲有哪些新变化呢？做为2020年考研的“考研党”们，又改如何应对呢？我们一起来看一下~重大变化：增加了三十个国家的名字稍有变动：1. 新增大纲样题，但题型未变2. 重点提出对于词汇和语法的应用。新大纲词汇解析复习备考建议：1.刷真题！刷真题！刷真题！2.长难句减少，注重短句。但也不要觉得短句简单，也可能会出现复杂语法现象。3.词汇很重要。要注意词汇的1.①本身含义；②词性；③熟词僻义；④同义替换。4.2014年以后《经济学人》的文章减少，基本不考，取而代之的是比较小众的文章。5.在冲刺阶段，不管考英语一还是英语二，对于图画作文和图表作文都要进行大致了解，小作文还是要重点复习应用文（告示也要复习）。6.在写作中，要提高用已经学会的单词描述不会的单词的能力。7.整篇文章进行逐句翻译——积累真题词汇、短语。8.暑假阶段要打牢基础（词汇、语法），才能在秋季中加速提高。9.不要忽视虚拟语气等语法点，结合英语一，二的考研语法点中，会更多强调了各个语法点的用法，比如插入语，倒装句的用法。10.翻译题目的复习注意事项：a.理解。理解句子中的词汇、短语。b.表达。影响表达的因素有译者对英语原文理解的深度、译者自身汉语修养的程度、译者对英汉两种语言文化的掌握程度，译者尽量摆脱原文束缚。c.校对、检查。这步要求比照英语原文和汉语译文检查句子是否准确、通顺。调整汉语的顺序让整个句子读起来舒服通顺。以上就是本期学姐的分享，想了解更多考研干货的小可爱们请关注我哦！

今年的大纲提前发布，对考研的同学们来说确实再好不过，因为大纲提前发，就意味着大家可以早两个月清楚地了解到最新的命题规则，准确备考。一、大纲变化，我们如何应对？考研大纲是当年全国硕士研究生入学考试命题的唯一依据，也是大家复习备考必不可少的工具书。由于考纲的变动一定不是无来由的，新大纲变动的部分，一定是重点部分，让大家第一时间了解可能命题的知识点，这样大家可以不用像前期阶段那样的广撒网，导致时间上非常紧张。高教考试在线考研英语教研室第一时间拿到了2020考研英语新大纲，根据大纲，对知识点进行逐一复习，对变动的知识点，仔细揣摩其增加或修改的内容，为大家制定了更加贴合大纲的复习计划。二、逐个击破，快速提分对于基础不太好的同学，英语学习中背诵单词和语法学习是要贯穿整个备考过程始终的，对于其他题型，从目前至8月份，五大题型全面接触真题，初步学习解题技巧，9至11月份，紧贴近10年真题，进入精细化提分阶段，12月份是临考阶段，我们要稳定各题型做题状态，复盘错题，查漏补缺，尤其是作文。针对英语（二）的五大题型，现在我们来谈一谈大纲发布后我们到底该如何各个击破，快速提分。1、第一大题型——阅读：传统阅读共分为六大题型：例证题，态度题，猜词解句题，细节理解题，主旨题和段落推断题。对于例证题，我们首先要明确何为论点，何为论据，论点一般出现在段首句，论据紧跟其后。根据例证题题目中的关键词回文定位，抓住论点，排除干扰项。对于态度题，首先我们要看选项，一般态度题的选项可以分为可以选择的选项和不可以选择的选项，可以选择的就是那些支持的，反对的或者客观的，不可以选择的就是那些主观性特别强的。我们可以根据定位句找出答案，尤其要注意哪些转折句，疑问句和首末句。猜词解句题一般有语义一致和语义相反两种情况。语义一致一般从并列结构，论点与论据的关系和总分结构中可以判断出来，语义相反可以从转折，对比和让步的语句中判断出来。细节理解题在所有题型中占比最大，可以利用题文同序的原则模糊定位，然后利用题干和选项中的关键字准确定位。主旨题是对文章大意理解的综合考察，一般采用首段解题法，尤其是首段和尾段，将各段段首句联系起来，看出现的高频词，结合选项，排除干扰项。对于段落推断题，首先根据题目识别该题型，然后明确段落中论点所在位置，根据论点与论据的关系进行推断。2、第二大题型——写作：首先我们要明确，写出高分作文不只只是背诵模板那么简单，还在于对有亮点的词汇和句式的总结布局。其次，我们要对自己的文章进行合理的布局，一般都是总分总的结构，开头引出主题句，然后对数据进行详细描述，然后用承上启下的原因句引出自己的分论点，一般分为三条来论证自己的观点，最后归纳总结，预测趋势。3、第三大题型——翻译：对于翻译呢，大部分是在考察我们的功底，但也有一定的做题方式，首先要通读全文，了解主题，然后逐句翻译，在理解原文的基础上，遣词造句，最后修改校对，润色成文。此过程一定要注意对词，短语，句子及特殊结构的翻译。4、第四大题型——完型：在答完型题的时候，首先要精读首段首句，把握文章主旨大意（细节服从主旨），然后观察选项，判断题型，最后带回原文，确定答案。在解题过程中要注意介词的辨析，逻辑关系的辨析以及固定搭配。5、第五大题型——新题型：新题型一般分为两种形式：多项对应和小标题对应。多项对应的篇幅较长，不需要通读，多是考查人物与观点的匹配。我们需要根据题目左侧所提供的人名，浏览全文进行定位，然后浏览题目右侧的7项信息与原文定位处信息匹配。首段不命题，通常为文章主旨。考查概括段落中心，为段落匹配标题的能力。小标题对应，通常是先阅读文章首段，确定文章主旨内容，然后浏览正文前面的7个小标题。浏览命题段落，判断段落论点。（中心句或者中心词）如果遇到难题，可以先跳过，最后再做。最后希望各位同学们分阶复习，掌握技巧，备考成功！

说到考研，最重要的复习资料莫过于考研大纲，因为考研初试所有的题目均要在大纲框定的范围中出。对于考研人来说，大纲就相当于考试画出的重点，超纲的不用看，大纲划定的都可能会考！上个月就传出2020考研大纲会提前公布的消息，今年提前至7月中旬，那么究竟是哪一天呢？2020考研大纲7月13日上午9点发布！自从高教社上个月丢出大纲发布提前的重磅消息后，很多人都在密切关注着具体发布日期。近日登录官方网站发现，“高教考试在线”公布了2020考研新大纲发布会时间，时间定在7月13日上午9点。这也就意味着2020考研大纲的公布时间最终确定了！想必看到这个消息后，有不少考研人都能够再松一口气，不用再傻傻的等了，也不用担心自己复习的内容不考的问题了，静静等待新大纲发布就好了。要不要购买新大纲？在学霸君看来要不要购买新大纲完全要看你个人，根据我的经验，有不少考研人虽然关注大纲但是却没有认真去翻看大纲。每年大纲发布之后，都会有很多机构和老师出来，给大家讲解新旧大纲的对比，告诉大家新增了什么，删除了什么，修改了什么。另外，有很多同学买了考研大纲也很少有时间会去看，因为大纲写的都比较简单，只是框定了范围，具体到怎么复习，还需要大纲解析才能看得明白。而且作为学生，要读懂大纲也需要花时间，所以不如直接购买大纲解析的资料复习来的快！大纲发布后要注意什么新大纲发布后，大家首先要关注的就是新旧大纲的变化，这个每年都会有视频和文章解读，到时候学霸君也会发布相关的文章，大家要密切关注。此外，要重视大纲解析，根据最新大纲的变化来弥补遗漏的知识点，如果大纲调整比较大，那么整个复习方向都是需要去调整的。最后，大家要注意大纲中细节的变化，大纲里面的每一个字、每一句话都不是废话，有一年英语二的大纲就比往年多了一句话，结果很多人不重视，在考试的时候就体现出来了。大纲公布后，大家要根据口碑和实用度，选购性价比好的复习资料！2020年考研大纲发布日期敲定了，终于可以安心复习啦！

考试大纲是每年考研界的一个重磅性的官方文件。今年考试大纲的提前无疑对于广大考生来说是一个好消息，能够帮助考生提前了解考试的大致内容，确定复习范围。那今年考试管综部分是否会有变化？沙雕给大家分析总结一下，希望大家好好准备。01大纲解析与命题重点2020考研新大纲变动政治：大纲变动58处 毛中特变动最大一、马原变动1处二、毛中特变动较大17处三、近代史纲要变动3处四、思修变化26处五、当代变动11处英语 ：没有增加听力，单词有增加了部分国家(地区)名称及相关信息以及大洲名和大洋名(突出一带一路国家词汇，更改了样题，并突出简单句新义)1、部分国家（地区）名称改变原：America现：the United States(of America)，American原：Britain现：the United Kingdom,(Great)Britain2、部分国家的“人”的多种表达如英语人可表达为Englishman,Englishwoman,the English3、新增30个多国家名称如Afghanistan等（多为一带一路上的国家） 4.词汇的变动：（1）：删除America和American（2）：删除Australia和Australian（3）：改动原：Oceania现：Oceanian（4）：新增增加了4大洋；及北美洲和南美洲。地理名称North America 形容词North American地理名称South America 形容词South American地理名称the Arctic Ocean 形容词Arctic地理名称the Atiantic Ocean 形容词Atiantic地理名称the Indian Ocean 地理名称the Pacific Ocean 形容词Pacific199管理类综合：02最新命题趋势1.考试难度从考试整体难度来看，2012年前，简单；2013年起，难度增大；2013~2019，难度稳中有波动。沙雕在这掐指一算：预计2020年考试难度平稳略升。从题目难度来看，联考数学每年有23道左右的题是常规型题目，逻辑至少有25道题可以在历年真题中找到相似题。这些题，我们都不应该称之为难题。也就是说，联考中真正的难题并不多。2.数学命题趋势（1）图表化（2）技巧化（3）应用化（4）动态化（5）1-2个押轴题3.逻辑命题趋势（1）形式逻辑论证化（2）综合推理数量大（3）论证逻辑难度平稳4.写作命题趋势论说文命题方向（1）价值观：如仁与富、诚信等（2）方法论（企业管理、社会治理）：如决策、竞争与合作、用人、多样性与一致性、争辩、创新与跟风等（3）管理者素养：如谦虚、尚拙等写在最后简而言之，其实今年大纲和去年最大的区别是：“2019考研大纲”变成“2020考研大纲”，所以，大家一定要安心备考。千万要记住一句话，切勿操之过急。不要想着“一口吃一个胖子”。放平心态，踏踏实实复习，稳扎稳打，一步一个脚印。沙雕会一直陪在你身边，督促你，给你最新的招考信息，给你最贴心的复习建议！有任何会计金融法律类的考证考研职业规划咨询加油吧少年！原创不易，坚持更难，

2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试大纲7月8日（今天）正式发布，真的是让人措手不及。高教考试在线刚开始发布消息说是今年考研大纲将于7月中旬公布，后来有了确切的时间7月13日，再后来就是7月8日正式发布上市。考研大纲发布的时间一再提前，2020考研er也成为了近些年最早公布考研大纲的一届。现在考研大纲已经发布，那么我们应该如何查找考试大纲、最新考试大纲主要有哪些变化，是20考研er目前最关心的事情。今天，惠园教育小编就针对这些考研er比较关心的事情做一个全方位的解析。一、大纲的类别大纲主要分为公共课考试大纲和专业课考试大纲。其中公共课就是政治英语数学。专业课分为三类，分别是教育部统一公布、各大高校及学院公布以及不公布三种类型。其中由教育部统一公布的大纲有：二、考研大纲的作用1、考研大纲非常重要，它是规定当年考研相应科目的考试范围、考试要求、考试形式、试卷结构等内容的权威，当然了，也是官方发布的唯一权威考研指南和命题的唯一依据。2、考研大纲可以理解为是给考研初试划重点，大纲里明确说的不考什么，是绝对不会出现在考题里的（特指政治），但有的内容，比如超纲单词，这个大纲不会明确说明，但绝对是个别的。三、考研大纲的下载渠道1、教育部教育部是主管教育事业和语言文字工作的国务院组成部门，公共课考研大纲和统考专业课考研大纲由教育部统一公布。2、招生信息网站一些招生信息网站，例如考研网上报名的研招网、考研信息等网站都有更新考研大纲的相关信息，在考研大纲公布后考生们可以登录这类网站去寻找自己所需要的大纲。3、报考学校官网每年这个时候，学校就会发布招生简章和考生大纲，所以对于目标院校的官网一定要时刻关注，在这里下载的考研大纲最新切准确度高，这是大部分同学都会选择的一个途径。4、社交平台下载随着网络的不断发展，现在信息获取渠道也变得更加丰富，一些微博、论坛、贴吧之类的社交平台，通过资料分享就可以查看考研大纲，不需要自己去寻找，缺点则是不如官方渠道正规，可信度相对一般。所以需要同学们在官方通知的大纲变动内容基础上，擦亮眼睛，认真辨别。5、考研资讯网站作为专门为考研的小伙伴提供资讯服务的网站，通常会以较快的速度更新考研相关信息、考研大纲相关原文，并且还会同步进行大纲的解析直播。 昨天，由“高教考试在线”联合“微博教育”进行了关于考研大纲的全网直播！各位考研er可以直接查看相关名师关于大纲的解析。四、各科大纲的变化和往年相比今年的考研大纲并没有出现任何“反常”的变化，一切都还在可控的范围之内，大家可以放下心复习备考啦！1、政治：微调“马原”和“中国近代史纲要”这两门课属于轻微调整，基本没有大幅度变化。“毛中特”和“形势与政策”这两部分政治大纲有较大的变化，对于“毛中特”部分，主要是加入了“新中国”思想以及“新中国特色社会主义”理念，这两个新理念是符合当前发展潮流的主流思想，因此“毛中特”的大纲有较大的调整。至于“形式与政策”部分，这一块不用多说，调整幅度是最大的，因为“形式”时刻在变，而“政策”也并非一成不变，因此“形式与政策”的具体考点，还需要细看考研大纲，掌握最新动态。具体关注点如下：马克思主义基本原理概论：重点关注第一章中关于马克思主义鲜明特征知识点的调整。毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论：从考研大纲变动来看，毛中特变动不大，但回归到考试大纲解析中，一些具体的说法还是有变动的，很明显的体现了中央新精神、新思想。中国近代史纲要：重点关注以下几个调整点：新文化运动、中国共产党成立的意义。对于纲要的复习要重点关注整数纪年事件。思想道德修养与法律基础：要重点关注人生态度、人生矛盾的描述，关于社会主义核心价值观的评价，关于道德修养的描述，关于依法治国和以德治国相结合的描述，关于法律权利与法律义务的关系的描述等等。形势与政策以及当代世界经济与政治：形势与政策考查2019年1月到2019年12月国内、国际的重大时事，特别要重点关注领导人在中外各种场合的重要讲话。2、数学：不变张宇老师很干脆的一点，考研数学大纲没有变化。之前有数学二会增加内容的消息引起考数学二考研er的恐慌，下面给各位考研e吃一颗定心丸：数学大纲不变！考数二的同学们放心吧！而且从这几年的平均得分来看，2020考研数学又是艰难的一年，大家一定要有心理准备。具体关注点如下：注意线性代数的复习强调整体性与连续性，考试考察的时候会和其它知识点结合起来进行考察。3、英语：不考听力，增加单词英语大纲每年都有把过去一年最新的真题和解析补充进去，而且样题也会做更新，这都是每年出版考试大纲的常规操作，可以说跟大家关系不大。 总的来说，英语大纲约等于没变化，只是在局部微调，对于考研备考几乎没有影响，主要改动的是词汇部分，新增了30多个一带一路友好国家、地区名称，这种变动表现出国际文化交流主题需得到重视。如果今年的翻译里面出来了这些地名，则一定要会翻译，否则要扣分。同时，今年的考研作文可以多关注下【国际文化交流】、【文化之间的理解、沟通】之类的话题。具体关注点如下：附录部分的国家名和洲名处有所调整，需要同学们引起注意！五、读懂考研大纲关键词在研读大纲的时候并不是漫无目的的读一遍，而是要注意一些字眼，比如了解、理解、掌握、会用等，从这些字眼就可以看出命题人考试的关键所在。1、了解对这样的概念或者理论，只要知道它的基本概念和公式理论就够了，不需要知道它是怎么来的，用它怎样解决什么样的实际问题的。这个可能应该在以后的问题来讨论，对了解只是知道这个概念它是怎么样的概念，这个公式是怎样的公式，这样的理论是什么样的理论就够了。2、理解这要比了解高一个层次了，不仅要知道这个概念，而且要知道它的来源，这个概念为什么要提出来，从哪一个方面提出来的，这是一个方面，再一个方面对这个概念提出了之后将来要解决什么，要利用这个概念能够解决什么样的问题。3、掌握是所有要求中级别最高的，不但要知道这个概念、公式或定理，而且要知道它们的来龙去脉，如何推倒出来的，对于这些概念、公式或定理应该不但知道将来能解决什么问题，而且在出现不同题型考察这个知识点时要回灵活运用，达到熟练解决问题的程度。4、会用这样的词出来之后，这主要是对于某一个概念会用，也就是而不用管它的来源，只用知道它的使用方法就可以了。知道是要在什么情况下使用它，比方说这个公式只要会用了，可以拿它解决问题就可以了，至于它的来龙去脉不需要太清楚。六、如何使用大纲1、紧盯变化考点,用练习落实考纲新大纲公布出来后，我们应该拿旧大纲对比，找出新大纲变化的内容。其中一些删除了的考点大就可以不用管了。像把考点合并或者拆分的知识点不需要花费太多时间，因为内容大概一致，大家对这些知识点已经复习过了。所以同学们最关注的应该是新增考点。从知识点名称的变化到内容变化，都要认真看清楚，因为这些新增考点很有可能成为考场上的试题。建议考生们多关注对新增知识点的深度解析，有助于加深理解，扩宽知识点外延。2、重视使用顺序大纲作为考试的指挥棒，在阅读的使用顺序上也要讲究方式方法。一定要首先明确考研会考什么内容、有什么样的规律，做到心中有数才能制定正确的复习计划，为走向成功奠定良好的基础。一般来说，放在前面的知识点都是近几年来出现过多次，考得比较频繁的知识点。考生要结合自身的学习情况，根据自身的学习规律来使用考纲。3、用考纲制定策略，用练习落实考纲新大纲发布之后的复习策略，一定要建立在充分熟悉考纲的基础之上。并且一定要落实到具体的练习中，用练习检测自己的考习状况。通过练习来找出忽略的、没完全弄懂的，或者理解错误的知识点，让自己的复习效果达到最优。七、后面如何复习1、政治罗天老师：789三个月不碰大题，跟课程听知识点，整理笔记，比如说土地政策。做选择题，先做真题，再做模拟题，考研英语重基础轻冲刺，政治重冲刺轻基础，政治相对容易突击，大家不要对政治太害怕。2、数学张宇老师：第一，按照大纲要求知识点，点点吃透，偏的知识点，每年都有，今年要引导大家全面复习知识点，不能只看重点，偏的点就不看，每个点好好看第二，知识点是散的，一盘散沙，所以第二条要求大家科学的知识结构，把知识点串起来，知识点之间的联系和构成，形成良好的数学素质和学科的科学体系第三，熟悉套路，当你有了知识体系之后，命题的思路和套路要熟悉，知道命题老师要怎么出题，知识点之间怎么综合起来出题，这都是今年要强调的部分，反反复复扎扎实实念念不忘必有回响，对于陌生的东西都要反反复复做，不要第一遍第二遍不会就放弃了，第三遍再反复就会了第四，对于考试复习，明白两个环节，数学的学习必须要有闭关修炼的阶段，集中大量时间和精力攻克难点的过程，从量变到质变，然后是细水长流，每个人都会遗忘，后面复习英语政治不能遗忘数学，不能学下然后扔掉。看完教材看完书，然后做题，通过每天坚持做习题的好习惯，保持知识点，知识结构和套路，始终让知识点在大脑中重复，一直坚持到考试当天，保障考场的发挥。尤其要避免冲刺阶段背政治背英语而忽视了数学，几天不动笔算算题手就生了。3、英语宫东风老师：第一个是单个单词在短语和句子中意思的考察，而不是单词本身意思的考察；第二个是在阅读理解中最近大家都在研究长难句，考研题目也将侧重短句的考察；第三个是通过题干很难在原文中找到对应的原文，而更倾向于句间逻辑的判断。这几句说的看似高深，其实还是一方面英语基本功扎实，另一方面，对阅读本质更加深入的理解，也属于正常要求。在考试大纲具体的变动上面，宫东风老师也做了一些提示，主要是涉及到大纲词汇的变化，关于大纲词汇方面，英语一和英语二词汇要求是一样的。从今年开始，遇到国家名称，你要会翻译出来，一带一路友好国家名字都在新增的这些词汇这里面，今年的作文也可能考到国际文化交流等相关话题，渗透着教育部考试中心的意志，这个变化是值得深思的。最后，惠园教育小编做一个简单总结：【数学】请继续，复习不受大纲影响，但难度强度暑假要上去【英语】样题真题做参考，单词短语阅读逻辑还是要自己去研究。【政治】大部分同学应该暑期才开始复习政治，政治老师随后应该都会根据大纲对习题体系做一些增补或者修改，大家也是跟着学就可以了。2020考研大纲已公布，希望各位考研er都可以利用好暑期这一黄金备考期，圆梦目标院校。

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. 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