研究生真题试卷网

经历了去年的数学疑似“泄题”大风波，今年似乎平静了许多呢？真的吗？就目前的事实来看，并不是的，有一部分同学正在经受着泄题、补考带来的煎熬。西南大学的自然地理专业课疑似泄题：后来经过媒体曝光，西南大学及时作出回应，成立调查工作组，会将调查情况向社会通报。只希望赶快查清事实，还考生一个公平。泄题是不是真的还在调查，可是要去参加补考的同学已经板上钉钉。电子科技大学，自命题科目《固体物理》试卷出现偏差，本该考的固体物理卷子印的却是电路分析的题，几百名考生面对题目傻眼，枯坐3小时，无奈交白卷。电子科技大学致歉：试卷与大纲出现偏差，决定补考，后续会公布调查结果。山东师范大学外语教学理论基础专业课考试，据说是将答案直接封装进密封袋，校方声明：相关考生均需参加补考，并且以本次补考为准。青岛理工大学自命题科目《城乡规划理论综合》试题错装。山西师范大学，中国史专业课考试，试卷发成了去年的试题，为了弥补过失，逐个给考生打电话参加补考。还有同学到考场打开专业课考试信封发现是空的，也要参加补考···泄题、装错、漏装试卷，这怎么跟闹着玩似的？我亲爱的学校，能不能对考生负点责啊？！听起来好像多了几天学习的时间，但关键是学习的心境都不一样了，能不能学进去还是另一回事。有同学说：“我都买好回家的票了，却被告知还要补考”，还有更惨的，一边准备期末，一边要去参加补考，怎么破？有些错误，耽误的是一辈子。我们考生为了这次考试拼了一年多的时间，没日没夜拼了命的学习，考前还紧张的要死，结果就这么被“乌龙”了。考研不易，真心希望有关单位能引起重视，所有考试都得像高考那样被严肃对待，保证所有的上升通道都能公开公正的进行，几所学校同时出现责任事故，是不是真的该好好管管了？！除了心疼你们，还要提醒报考以上几所学校相关专业的同学，稳住心态抓紧时间多复习一点，记清楚补考时间，需要订票的提前买好车票到学校指定地点参加补考。今日吐槽时间：你在考试的过程中有没有遭遇不公平？有没有像上面那些类似的情况？

研究生考试专业课真题想要知道考研专业课真题和其他复习资料在哪买，必须要先搞清楚你到底要报哪所院校的哪个专业。现在很多院校都不再公布当年研究生考试的真题了，所以只能凭借应届考生的回忆，或者不一般的关系渠道才能得知，而且是没有标准答案，需要自行琢磨的。当然，并不是所有院校都这样，但基本上热门专业都实行这种政策了。所以，定好了你要报考的专业，就先打电话问研招办，没有的话通过各种关系联系上报考院校和专业的应届考试的学长学姐问考题的相关情况，不过很少有学长学姐在考完几个月后还能记得考题的，所以这种方式也不一定准确，但可以一试。还有如果碰到比较人渣的学长学姐，只是为了骗你钱的话，那就要自认倒霉了。所以研究生考试的真题获取途径其实非常单一，最准确的就是研招办或者报考院校有人，其次只能是通过各大考试机构，特别是专门做考研真题教研的规模较大的机构来获取，因为这些机构和教育部门、全国各大院校的研招办以及研究生都有或多或少的交集，所以他们的渠道开拓能力是我们想象不到的，他们还有强大的教研组和编辑组，对真假考题的甄别和答案解析能力远非一般考生可比，像真研考试网、文举学习网还有新东方考研等全国性综合教育机构都是不错的选择，而且价格适中，特别对于囊中羞涩的大学生来说，几十块钱的真题还是物超所值的。有的考生会很倾向于找学长学姐，但他们只能给你应届或者他们自己备考时的所谓“真题”，这些真题很可能都不准，只是一届传一届，一传十十传百传下来的，源头错了，后续的都错了。但往往隔了一届考生，特别是还考上了的考生宣传后，都认为是真的了，这才是最可怕的。至于各类QQ群、微信群、网店贩卖的真题，远比学长学姐卖的还不可靠。相信一个人，不如相信一群人，相信一群人，不如相信有实力的机构。

不知道大家考研政治复习到哪一步了？是刚开始看书还是刚开始做题？很多考生都很疑惑，对于考研政治只做历年真题就可以提分了？但是又有部分考生会谈“真题”就色变，因为考研政治的命题方式是高度灵活的，只做真题肯定行不通。易学网专业指导老师认为，政治做历年真题很有必要，是必须要做的，只有做了才会去真正的了解题型，掌握知识的命题方向。至于做了历年真题能够提高多少分，完全取决于你的学习程度的高度。首先，先看完书再开始做真题；你得掌握考研大纲里需要掌握的内容后开始做历年真题，因为历年真题的资料是有限的。如果你都没复习好就开始做真题，可能很多题都不会做，或者很多知识点都是盲点，这样去做真题会被难度给吓住或者望而止步。如果复习好了开始做真题，只会如虎添翼。最后想说光研究历年真题，吃透真题还是不够的，因为时政热点之类的每年都在变，真题对于高频知识点覆盖率有限，做真题只是考研政治提分的一种手段，而政治备考的真正目的是拿高分，所以还是要多关注时政类热点，学会自己提炼总结关键信息。

山寨考研网：出售各大高校，虚假考研试山寨考研网：出售各大高校，虚假考研试题，涉案金额高达300万2020年全国硕士研究生考试进入倒计时，但有些不法商家却打起了研究生考研网的主意。教育部联合警方查获一起打着考研网旗号的非法机构——华文教育。经警方调查，该机构利用山寨考研网售卖虚假资料，涉及全国各地。警方抓获犯罪嫌疑人时，该诈骗集团正穿着学校制服，号称是：师大、北大、人大、的校园领导，正在与学生进行视频洗脑。团队有专业的美工、网站维护人员，并在现场找到6000多本考研资料，和3000多张发往全国的快递单据，涉案金额高达300万元。犯罪嫌疑人交代，随着考研热度上升，好多学生都面临着统考不过，考研考博难题，而他们则是抓住了学生的这一痛点，大肆进行诈骗号称是学校领导，可以提前出售试题。在这里给大家补习下，凡是号称可以运作考场，提前出售各个专业的考试题目的均为骗子。首先运作考场作弊，这是违法行为，情节严重将受到法律制裁，其二、考研是由教育部统一出题，学生进行国家举办的统考，统一考试。部分专业是可以自主命题，考题由院校或院校指定机构出题，但只是部分专业，并不是所有专业都可以自主命题。所以那些打着，出售各大院校考研考题的人，都是骗子，大家千万不要相信，不要花了钱，又耽误了自己的复习。#考研#考取研究生，都有什么好处，为什么近年，考研的人数，逐年上升研究生分为几种，报考条件都有哪些，成人自考或函授可以报名吗？研究生考公务员、与本科考公务员，有什么区别、竞争压力相差多少

考研高分必备的“制胜法宝”，小编教你找到学校的往年真题考研的专业课的考察方式分为统考和自主命题两种。对于统考的考生来说，获得历年真题乃至真题的详细解析或者大量的模拟题和配套练习都不是什么难事。但每个院校自主命题的情况就不同了，每年的真题可能就是许多同学唯一的也是最可靠的复习资料。偏偏有许多刚刚准备考研的同学甚至不到如何找到往年的真题，今天小编就为大家介绍一下如何才能找到这些考研路上的”制胜法宝！”1.想要找到专业课的第一条也是最方便最可靠的路子，就是学校官方的研究生院的招生网站尽管数量不多，但是目前还是一些学校会在网络上发布自己学院部系的专业课真题的，从这种渠道获得的真题无疑是绝对保险的，因此小编首先推荐大家去学院的官网看一看。找到相应的页面后，在里面查看是否有试题下载的链接或者是资料链接。很多学校的网站功能都不健全，需要考生自己一页页翻看，但是这对于有志于升学的同学们来说又算得了什么呢？2.第二个途径也是和学校官方相关的，那就是联系学校负责研究生招生的办公室，简称研招办如果在官方网站上一无所获的话，别急，你至少能在上面找到研招办的电话。事情到了这一步，也就只能用电话问一下研招办的行政老师啦。一般在工作日的工作时间内打电话都是会有人接听的，你只需要说明自己的来意即可。如果研招办出售往年专业课的真题，那也是没有问题的。你可以询问是否能够邮寄，如果能不能邮寄，就拜托当地的同学朋友或者亲戚代替你去学校跑一趟。这里要注意一点，学院卖试题在大多数情况下都不是官方的行为，可能是老师们赚点外快的方式，所以在购买时一定要低调。否则你拿不到真题不说，以后的同学可能也没办法通过这种手段拿到真题了。3.如果以上两种方法都不能达到目的的话，就要发动你的聪明才智，通过各种方式寻找真题如果自己找的话，就必须依靠互联网了，并且一定要注意资料的可靠性！首先还是要善用搜索引擎，万一就找到了呢？当然这种情况的可能性不太大，所以一般还是推荐同学们多去各种考研论坛或者学校内部的BBS去寻找，里面资料都是比较庞杂的，很可能就有你需要的真题。嫌麻烦的同学也可以直接到某些专门卖考研资料的网站或者电商网站购买，直接买的话一定要向卖家问清楚是扫描的原版试卷还是某些考生凭着自己记忆口述的版本，如果是后者那其实是没有必要搞的。这个也可以根据文件格式来判断，一般以bmp/jpg/pdf格式做后缀的文件都是扫描的真题，可以放心。当然，也不排除真的有个别学校，真题不会在官方网站上挂出来也没有销售。没有那么多人去报考，自然不会人去整理他们往年专业课的真题了，不过这样的话也不必太着急。和你有同样报考意愿的人也找不到真题，总还是公平的。最后，按惯例，小编还是要祝愿每个看到这篇和没看到这篇文章的考研学子运气爆棚，顺利录取！

2018年考研初试已过去五天，官方版的考研真题仍未出炉，南京大学新记者率先收集了36所高校的考生回忆版考研初试试题，整理出所有题目中考查的理论，以及案例分析题、评论题、写作题中出现的时事热点和社会话题，制作了词云图和柱状统计图。（36所高校包括：安徽大学、北京大学、北京师范大学、重庆大学、复旦大学、湖南大学、华东师范大学、广西大学、暨南大学、南京大学、南京师范大学、清华大学、山东大学、陕西师范大学、上海财经大学、上海交通大学、上海大学、四川大学、武汉大学、苏州大学、西北大学、西南大学、西南财经大学、西南交通大学、厦门大学、浙江大学、中国传媒大学、中国人民大学、中南财经政法大学、中山大学、中央民族大学、华南理工大学、湖南师范大学、华中师范大学、华中科技大学、兰州大学）理论部分理论部分词云图2018年新闻传播类考研理论部分热门考点TOP1 舆论（31道）包括舆论的含义、特点、网络舆论安全、舆论引导、舆论监督、舆论反转、舆论的功能、新闻与舆论的关系，新闻、宣传、舆论三者的区别和联系，官方舆论与民间舆论、习近平舆论观等。TOP2 数据新闻和可视化（19道）包括数据可视化的定义，可视化工具，可视化对传统新闻的挑战，可视化的价值，数据新闻的定义和特点等。TOP3 议程设置（13道）包括议程设置理论，新媒体环境下议程设置的变化，议程设置在舆论引导和社会共识方面的作用等。TOP4 受众（12道）包括受众定位、受众需求、受众阅读方式和习惯变化、媒介与受众的关系、受众地位变化、影响受众态度改变的因素、受众媒介素养、吸引受众内容付费等。TOP5 采访技巧（11道）包括采访前准备、采访提纲、采访人物注意事项、直面采访、侧面采访、反面激将、视觉采访、体验式采访、显性采访、采访对象的权利等。TOP6 新闻专业主义（10道）包括新闻专业主义含义及特点、“商业逻辑”对“新闻逻辑”的影响等。TOP7 人工智能（9道）包括人工智能对新闻业的影响、人工智能对传媒生态的影响、人工智能下人与技术的关系等。TOP8 信息/知识/数字鸿沟（8道）、真实性（8道）、媒介融合（8道）、后真相（8道）信息/知识/数字鸿沟：包括信息/知识鸿沟定义、数字化时代知识鸿沟是否成立、知识鸿沟诞生背景、知识鸿沟基本假设、互联网条件下数字鸿沟内涵、个体间数字鸿沟的表现等。真实性：包括衡量新闻真实的标准、新闻真实性的含义、新闻真实意义、纪录片真实性、新闻发言人真实性等。媒介融合：包括媒介融合含义，媒介融合对新闻业的影响，媒介融合背景下的网络视频新闻发展、突发事件报道、媒介素养等。后真相：包括后真相的含义、特征、对传播的影响与挑战、结合新闻客观性理解后真相等。除此之外，新闻价值、媒介即讯息、VR分别出现了7道；信息茧房、新闻评论、微信、新闻出版自由、符号、营销种类、直播分别出现了6道；新闻客观性、新媒体、社交媒体、深度报道、第三人效果、沉默的螺旋、媒介体制、反转新闻分别出现了5道；新闻标题、创新与扩散理论、微博、跨文化传播、新闻事业分别出现了4道；抽样、机器人写作、社会化媒体、网络传播、新闻敏感、算法、事实核查、人际传播、媒介素养、新闻语言、新闻侵权、IP、智能化媒体、接近性、长尾理论、媒介与政治、虚假新闻、电子乌托邦、策略传播分别出现了3道。话题部分话题部分词云图2018年新闻传播类考研话题部分热门考点其中，新闻出版自由、知识付费分别出现了4道，今日头条、网红经济、人工智能、共享单车、讲好中国故事、“十九大”分别出现了3道。文字 | 凤羽桐 丁紫琪制图 | 凤羽桐 丁紫琪责编 | 孔德淇本文由“大学新闻”与南京大学新记者<NJUXJZ>联合首发

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. 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交白卷和看到答案的考生2019年研究生考试各种奇葩新闻2019年的硕士研究生考试已经结束，然而在网络中曝光的各种奇葩新闻却有点让人拉眼睛，辛苦一年努力复习的考生们在普通高校山东师大遇到了带答案的试卷，而985高校的电子科技大学居然把专业课的试卷发错，面对发错的试卷，考生们只能枯坐3小时，最后无奈交白卷，从中国的普通高校到985高校，都已经把说硕士研究生考试不当回事，用中国的依据俗语，当你对别人不当回事的时候，别人也会对你不当回事，当高校自己都对研究生考试不当回事的时候，那么如何要求高校的导师们对研究生培育当回事？中国高等教育堪忧中国的高等教育堪忧最近几年，中国的全国研究生统考频繁出现泄题事件，那么对于高校的专业考试来说，那么更是一种敷衍差事，山西师范大学的老师们甚至懒得去重新出题，直接把去年的试卷拿来直接对考生进行考核，当被网络曝光时，校方才无奈地通知考生在12月26日重新考试，高校的教授们遇到不断扩招的生源，以及高校的各种变态考核制度，在年底疲于应付各项考核的老师们只能通过敷衍试卷来变相地抗议，不在高校的人们，不会感受到高校的各种考核评价体系的变态，从财务审核报销到繁忙的各种会晤，加上年底的科研考核申报，中国高校的教授们都疲于应对，严进宽出的硕士研究生已经成为常态，自从研究生自费开始，高校都通过各种手段想要提高研究生的招收数量，清华和北大等很多高校研究生数量早已超越了本科生数量，清华北大金本科、银硕士、铜博士并不是没有道理，中国的高等教育质量堪忧！高校研究生和导师们的相互吐槽高校研究生和导师们的相互吐槽最近针对研究生考试，小编写了大量文章，通过高校和社会的一些现象来探讨目前中国研究生学位的含金量，针对网红考研教师张雪峰的言论写过《中国高等教育的悲哀：把考研辅导班竟然办成了一项产业！》的文章，也根据中国就业市场报告写过《高校辅导员也要求博士毕业！难道中国高学历就业市场已经饱和？》的文章，更多的是针对目前中国高等教育体系内研究生和导师们的相互吐槽，中国应试教育培养的研究生们认为自己被导师当成佣人，处处为难自己，以至于中国的研究生都称自己的导师为老板，而中国的高校的教授们却吐槽中国的研究生生源质量太差，需要导师当保姆式的帮助，本来可以自己查文献的事情，也需要导师去帮着找资料，实验需要导师催促着去做，甚至连毕业论文都需要导师帮着去写。很多人在小编文章下留言说小编观点的错误，其实这是由于中国高校研究生教育质量差异造成的，很多不具备研究生导师资格的导师靠着压迫学生去完成工作，而很多名校的导师们都具备有海外留学宽进严出的经历，他们对比自己在海外全靠自己的主动时学习，国内的研究生们面对严进宽出，他们对待科研实验失去热情，只想获得一纸名校的毕业证，这也是为何江苏一名高校教授痛心疾首地说：“自己花费20多万培养的研究生却去苏宁当了销售！”因此，当你觉得某些观点不正确的时候，也许你观察事物站的角度可能不同，当你换一个角度，重新审视某一事物时，你就会发现自己曾今的错误观点，欢迎大家留言吐槽！

今年研究生太艰难了，打开试卷袋居然是答案，网友：学校太主动了研究生考试才刚刚落下帷幕，本科生向更高学历的奋进，考研的考生数量不仅比去年增加不少，而且看考生的反馈来说，本次研究生统一考试科目的英语和政治都比2018年偏难，其实这和当前的毕业生就业形势有关，大学不断扩招，大学生越来越多，大学生的竞争压力也越来越大，虽然国家发出政策鼓励大学生创业，但是因为经验和经济的问题，很多新生的企业都很难生存，所以对于应届毕业生来说，还不如再读研究生，来增加自己的“硬核实力”。研究生考试是国家非常重视的考试，它的重要性好比是命运的十字路口，走上不同的路，就可能有不同的未来，考研的学生对自己的准备也不可谓不充足，一年反复多轮复习，就为了这一场，但是在2019的考研中，却出现了令人瞠目结舌的漏洞，山东师范大学考研重大失误，居然将学校命题的试卷替换成了试卷的答案，这样一来，当天出现在学生手中的试题，就成了白花花的答案。908试卷成了908答案，考生如果准备的不充分，可能会在梦境中想到这件事会发生在自己身上，不用努力就能拿到好成绩，这样的乌龙如果发生在平时的测验中，还情有可原，但是这么严格的考试，在老师封题的时候，居然没有注意到，是真的有点说不过去，学生的考研战线无奈的又要延长，研究生考试居然还会出现补考，也真是有点扎心了。考生在考场中，拿着这样的试卷，心中都是焦虑的，本来紧张的考试时间，都变成了折磨，本来清晰的思路，都被这一份试题给打断，考生拿着试卷袋中的答案，考试时间有三个小时，但是同学被这份试题弄得云山雾罩，只能将答案抄到白纸上，不得已为之，也只能行这个下下策了。学校也出来回应这个问题，校方让考研本校的学生在27号来到学校来进行补考，重新考试908业务课，设立考场，之前考试成绩不算数，最后的成绩以补考成绩为准，学校也作出承诺，将对来考试学生的住宿费，交通费，餐费，进行补贴，来弥补学校审核不严格的错误，并作出了致歉。对于这件事，请问你怎么看呢，欢迎在文后留言~