研究生真题试卷

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. 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交白卷和看到答案的考生2019年研究生考试各种奇葩新闻2019年的硕士研究生考试已经结束，然而在网络中曝光的各种奇葩新闻却有点让人拉眼睛，辛苦一年努力复习的考生们在普通高校山东师大遇到了带答案的试卷，而985高校的电子科技大学居然把专业课的试卷发错，面对发错的试卷，考生们只能枯坐3小时，最后无奈交白卷，从中国的普通高校到985高校，都已经把说硕士研究生考试不当回事，用中国的依据俗语，当你对别人不当回事的时候，别人也会对你不当回事，当高校自己都对研究生考试不当回事的时候，那么如何要求高校的导师们对研究生培育当回事？中国高等教育堪忧中国的高等教育堪忧最近几年，中国的全国研究生统考频繁出现泄题事件，那么对于高校的专业考试来说，那么更是一种敷衍差事，山西师范大学的老师们甚至懒得去重新出题，直接把去年的试卷拿来直接对考生进行考核，当被网络曝光时，校方才无奈地通知考生在12月26日重新考试，高校的教授们遇到不断扩招的生源，以及高校的各种变态考核制度，在年底疲于应付各项考核的老师们只能通过敷衍试卷来变相地抗议，不在高校的人们，不会感受到高校的各种考核评价体系的变态，从财务审核报销到繁忙的各种会晤，加上年底的科研考核申报，中国高校的教授们都疲于应对，严进宽出的硕士研究生已经成为常态，自从研究生自费开始，高校都通过各种手段想要提高研究生的招收数量，清华和北大等很多高校研究生数量早已超越了本科生数量，清华北大金本科、银硕士、铜博士并不是没有道理，中国的高等教育质量堪忧！高校研究生和导师们的相互吐槽高校研究生和导师们的相互吐槽最近针对研究生考试，小编写了大量文章，通过高校和社会的一些现象来探讨目前中国研究生学位的含金量，针对网红考研教师张雪峰的言论写过《中国高等教育的悲哀：把考研辅导班竟然办成了一项产业！》的文章，也根据中国就业市场报告写过《高校辅导员也要求博士毕业！难道中国高学历就业市场已经饱和？》的文章，更多的是针对目前中国高等教育体系内研究生和导师们的相互吐槽，中国应试教育培养的研究生们认为自己被导师当成佣人，处处为难自己，以至于中国的研究生都称自己的导师为老板，而中国的高校的教授们却吐槽中国的研究生生源质量太差，需要导师当保姆式的帮助，本来可以自己查文献的事情，也需要导师去帮着找资料，实验需要导师催促着去做，甚至连毕业论文都需要导师帮着去写。很多人在小编文章下留言说小编观点的错误，其实这是由于中国高校研究生教育质量差异造成的，很多不具备研究生导师资格的导师靠着压迫学生去完成工作，而很多名校的导师们都具备有海外留学宽进严出的经历，他们对比自己在海外全靠自己的主动时学习，国内的研究生们面对严进宽出，他们对待科研实验失去热情，只想获得一纸名校的毕业证，这也是为何江苏一名高校教授痛心疾首地说：“自己花费20多万培养的研究生却去苏宁当了销售！”因此，当你觉得某些观点不正确的时候，也许你观察事物站的角度可能不同，当你换一个角度，重新审视某一事物时，你就会发现自己曾今的错误观点，欢迎大家留言吐槽！

相较于大家比较关心的政治英语等题目，小编早早发出来了之外，接下来的试题小编也会慢慢整理到给大家，让2020的考生有所准备，能够利用好历年的题目！今天是冬至，虽然都广东这种满27度起送的天气算得上是夏至了，但是还是别忘了吃汤圆（北方是吃饺子对吧(*^▽^*)）管综的朋友可以继续玩了，但是对于有其他专业的考研同学来说，还是务必要记住，考完一科丢一科，千万不要相信任何机构草草做出来的所谓的参考答案而影响自己的考试发挥，包括小编的！管综初数部分下面小编把题目公布出来，今年的试题相对去年来说灵活度和难度有所增加，计算量也较去年偏大一些。重点考查了学生们的逻辑能力和知识的运用能力。初数特殊符号不好阅读，所以小编放截图了！三、逻辑推理：第26～30小题，每小题2分。下列每题给出的A、B、C、D、E五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。26．新常态下，消费需求发生深刻变化，消费拉开档次，个性化、多样化消费渐成主流。在相当一部分消费者那里，对产品质量的追求，压倒了对价格的考虑。供给侧结构性改革，说到底是满足需求。低质量的产能必然会过剩，而顺应市场需求不断更新换代的产能不会过剩。根据以上信息，可以推出以下哪项？A．顺应市场需求不断更新换代的产能不是低质量的产能。B．低质量的产能不能满足个性化需求。C．新常态下必须进行供给侧结构性改革。D．只有不断更新换代的产品才能满足个性化、多样化消费的需求。E．只有优质高价的产品才能满足需求。【参考答案】A27．据碳十四检测，卡皮瓦拉山岩画的创作时间最早追溯到3万年前，在文字尚未出现的时代，岩画是人类沟通交流传递信息，记录日常生活的主要方式，于是今天的我们可以在这些岩画中看到：一位母亲将孩子举起嬉戏，一家人在仰望并试图碰触头上的星空……动物是岩画的另一个主角，比如巨型犰狳、马鹿、螃蟹等。在许多画面中，人们手持长矛，追逐着前方的猎物，由此可以推断，此时的人类已经居于食物链的顶端。以下哪项如果为真，最能支持上述推断？A．能够使用工具使人类可以猎杀其他动物，而不是相反。B．对星空的敬畏是人类脱离动物，产生宗教的动因之一。C．岩画中出现的动物一般是当时人类捕猎的对象。D．3万年前人类需要避免自己被虎豹等大型食肉动物猎杀。E．有了岩画，人类可以将生活经验保留下来，供后代学习，这被极大地提高了人类的生存能力。【参考答案】A28．李诗、王悦、杜舒、刘默是唐诗宋词的爱好者，在唐朝诗人李白、杜甫、王维、刘禹锡中4人各喜欢其中一位，且每人喜爱的唐诗作者不与自己同姓，关于他们4人，已知：（1）如果爱好王维的诗，那么也爱好辛弃疾的词；（2）如果爱好刘禹锡的诗，那么也爱好岳飞的词；（3）如果爱好杜甫的诗，那么也爱好苏轼的词。如果李诗不爱好苏轼和辛弃疾的词，则可以得出以下哪项？A．王悦爱好苏轼的词。B．刘默爱好苏轼的词。C．杜舒爱好岳飞的词。D．杜舒爱好辛弃疾的词。E．李诗爱好岳飞的词。【参考答案】E29．人们一直在争论猫与狗谁更聪明。最近，有些科学家不仅研究了动物脑容量的大小，还研究其大脑皮层神经细胞的数量，发现猫平常似乎总摆出一副智力占优的神态，但猫的大脑皮层神经细胞的数量只有普通金毛犬的一半。由此，他们得出结论:狗比猫更聪明。以下哪项最可能是上述科学家得出结论的假设？A．狗可能继承了狼结群捕猎的特点，为了互相配合，它们需要做出一些复杂行为。B．狗善于与人类合作，可以充当导盲犬、陪护犬、搜救犬、警犬等，就对人类的贡献而言，狗能做的似乎比猫多。C．动物大脑皮层神经细胞的数量与动物的聪明程度呈正相关。D．棕熊的脑容量是金毛犬的3倍，但其脑神经细胞的数量却少于金毛犬，与猫很接近，而棕熊的脑容量却是猫的10倍。E．猫的脑神经细胞数量比狗少，是因为猫不像狗那样“爱交际”。【参考答案】C30～31题基于以下题干某单位拟派遣3名德才兼备的干部到西部地区进行精准扶贫。报名者踊跃，经过考察，最终确定了陈甲、傅乙、赵丙、邓丁、刘戊、张己6名候选人。根据工作需要，派遣还需满足以下条件：（1）若派遣陈甲，则派遣邓丁但不派遣张己；（2）若傅乙、赵丙至少派遣1人，则不派遣刘戊。30．以下哪项的派遣人选和上述条件不矛盾？A．赵丙、邓丁、刘戊。B．陈甲、傅乙、赵丙。C．傅乙、邓丁、刘戊。D．邓丁、刘戊、张己。E．陈甲、赵丙、刘戊。【参考答案】D31．如果陈甲、刘戊至少派遣1人，则可以得出以下哪项？A．派遣刘戊。B．派遣邓丁。C．派遣赵丙。D．派遣傅乙。E．派遣陈甲。【参考答案】B32．近年来，手机电脑的使用，导致工作与生活界限日益模糊，人们的平均睡眠时间一直在减少，熬夜已成为现代人生活的常态。科学研究表明，熬夜有损身体健康，睡眠不足不仅仅是多打几个哈欠那么简单。有科学家据此建议，人们应该遵守作息规律。以下哪项如果为真，最能支持上述科学家所作的建议？A．缺乏睡眠会降低体内脂肪，调节瘦素激素的水平，同时增加饥饿激素，容易导致暴饮暴食，体重增加。B．熬夜会让人的反应变慢，认知退步，思维能力下降，还会引发情绪失控，影响与他人的交流。C．所有的生命形式，都需要休息与睡眠。在人类进化过程中，睡眠这个让人短暂失去自我意识，变得极其脆弱的过程并未被大自然淘汰。D．睡眠是身体的自然美容师，与那些睡眠充足的人相比，睡眠不足的人看上去面容憔悴，缺乏魅力。E．长期睡眠不足会导致高血压、糖尿病、肥胖症、抑郁症等多种疾病，严重时更会造成意外伤害或死亡。【参考答案】E33．有一论证（相关语句用序号表示）如下：①今天，我们仍然要提倡勤俭节约。②节约可以增加社会保障资源。③我国尚有不少地区的人民生活贫困，亟需更多社会保障资源，但也有一些人浪费严重。④节约可以减少资源消耗。⑤因为被浪费的任何粮食或者物品都是消耗一定的资源得来的。如果用“甲→乙”表示甲支持（或证明）乙，则以下哪项对上述论证基本结构的表示最为准确？【参考答案】D34．研究人员用脑电图技术研究了母亲给婴儿唱童谣时两人的大脑活动发现：当母亲与婴儿对视时，双方脑电波趋于同步，此时婴儿也会发出更多的声音尝试与母亲交流。他们据此认为母亲与婴儿对视有助于婴儿的学习与交流。以下哪项如果为真，最能支持上述研究人员的观点？A．在两个成年人交流时，如果把他们的脑电波同步，交流就会更顺畅。B．当父母与孩子互动时，双方的情绪与心率可能也会同步。C．当部分学生对某学科感兴趣时，他们的脑电波会趋于同步，学习效果也会随之提升。D．当母亲与婴儿对视时，他们都在发出信号表明自己可以且愿意与对方交流。E．脑电波同步可优化双方对话状态，使交流更加默契，增进彼此了解。【参考答案】E35．本保险柜密码都是由4个阿拉伯数字和4个英文字母组成。已知：（1）若4个英文字母不连续排列，则密码组合中的数字之和大于15。（2）若4个英文字母连续排列，则密码组合中的数字之和等于15。（3）密码组合中的数字之和或者等于18，或者小于15。根据上述信息以下哪项是可能的密码组合？A．1adbe356。B．37ab26dc。C．2acgf716。D．58bcde32。E．18ac42de。【参考答案】B36.有一个6x6的方阵，它所包含的每个小方格中可填入一个汉字。已有部分汉字填入。现要求该方阵中的每行均含有礼、乐、射、御、书、数6个汉字，不能重复，不能遗漏。根据上述要求，以下哪项是方阵底行5个空格从左至右应填入的汉字？A．数、礼、乐、射、御。B．乐、数、御、射、礼。C．数、礼、乐、御、射。D．乐、礼、射、数、御。E．数、御、乐、射、礼。【参考答案】A37．某市青年节设立了流行、民谣、摇滚、民族、电音、说唱、爵士这7类的奖项评选。在入围名单中，已知：（1）至少有6类入围；（2）流行、民谣、摇滚中至多有2类入围；（3）如果摇滚和民族类都入围，则电音和说唱中至少有1类没有入围。根据上述信息，可以得出以下哪项？A．流行类没有入围。B．民谣类没有入围。C．摇滚类没有入围。D．爵士类没有入围。E．电音类没有入围。【参考答案】C38.某大学有位女教师默默资助一偏远山区的贫困家庭长达15年。记者多方打听，发现做好事的都是该大学传媒学院甲、乙、丙、丁、戊5位老师中的一位。在接受采访时，5位老师都很谦虚，他们对记者这么说的：甲：这件事是乙做的；乙：我没有做，是丙做了这件事；丙：我没有做这件事；丁：我也没有做这件事，是甲做的；戊：如果甲没有做，则丁也不会做。记者后来得知，上述5位老师，只有1人说的话符合真实情况。根据上述信息，可以得出做这件好事的人是：A．甲。B．乙。C．丙。D．丁。E．戊。【参考答案】D39.作为一名环保爱好者，赵博士提倡低碳生活，积极宣传节能减排。但我不赞同他的做法，因为，作为一名大学老师，他这样做，占用了大量科研时间，到现在连副教授都没评上。他的观点怎么能令人信服呢？以下哪项论证中的错误和上述最为相似？A．张某提出要同工同酬，主张在质量相同的情况下，不分年龄、级别，一律按件计酬，他这样说话不就是因为她年轻、级别低吗？其实，她是在为自己谋利益。B．公司的绩效奖励制度是为了充分调动广大员工的积极性，它对所有员工都是公平的。如果有人对此有不同意见，则说明他反对公平。C．最近听说你对单位的管理制度提了不少意见，这真是令人难以置信！单位领导对你差吗？这么做分明是和单位领导过不去。D．单位任命李某担任信息科科长，听说你对此有意见。大家都没有提意见，只有你一个人有意见，看来你是有问题的。E．有一种观点认为，只有直接看到的事物才能确信其存在。但是没有人可以看到质子、电子。而这些都被科学证明是客观存在的。所以该观点是错误的。【参考答案】A40．下面6张卡片，一面印的是汉字（动物或者花卉），一面印的是数字（奇数或偶数）。对于上述6张卡片，如果要验证“每张至少有一面印的是偶数或者花卉”，至少需要翻看几张卡片？A．2。B．3。C．4。D．5。E．6。【参考答案】B41．某地人才市场招聘保洁、物业、网管、销售等4种岗位的从业者，有甲、乙、丙、丁4位年轻人前来应聘。事后所知，每人只选择一种岗位应聘，且每种岗位都有其中一人应聘。另外，还知道：（1）如果丁应聘网管，那么甲应聘物业；（2）如果乙不应聘保洁，那么甲应聘保洁且丙应聘销售；（3）如果乙应聘保洁，那么丙应聘销售，丁也应聘保洁。根据以上陈述，可以得出以下哪项？A．甲应聘物业岗位。B．丁应聘销售岗位。C．丙应聘保洁岗位。D．甲应聘网管岗位。E．乙应聘网管岗位。【参考答案】E42．旅游是一种独特的文化体验。游客可以跟团游，也可以自由行。自由行游客虽避免了跟团游的集体束缚，但也放弃了人工导游的全程讲解，而近年来他们了解旅游景点的文化需求却有增无减。为适应这一市场需求，基于手机平台的多款智能导游APP被开发出来。它们可定位用户位置，自动提供景点讲解、游览问答等功能。有专家就此提出，未来智能导游必然会取代人工导游，传统的导游职业行将消亡。以下哪项如果为真，最能质疑上述专家的论断？A．目前发展较好的智能导游APP用户量在百万级左右，这与当前中国旅游人数总量相比还只是一个很小的比例，市场还没有培养出用户的普遍消费习惯。B．旅行中才会使用的智能导游APP，如何保持用户黏性、未来又如何取得商业价值等都是待解问题。C．好的人工导游可以根据游客需求进行不同类型的讲解，不仅关注景点，还可表达观点，个性化很强，这是智能导游APP难以企及的。D．国内景区配备的人工导游需要收费，大部分导游讲解的内容都是事先背好的标准化内容。但是，即便人工导游没有特色，其退出市场也需要一定的时间。E．至少有95%的国外景点所配备的导游讲解器没有中文语音，中国出境游客因为语言和文化上的差异，对智能导游APP的需求比较强烈。【参考答案】C43．甲：上周去医院，给我看病的医生竟然还在抽烟。乙：所有抽烟的医生都不关心自己的健康，而不关心自己健康的人也不会关心他人的健康。甲：是的，不关心他人健康的医生没有医德。我今后再也不会让没有医德的医生给我看病了。根据上述信息，以下除了哪项，其余各项均可得出？A．乙认为上周给甲看病的医生不会关心乙的健康。B．甲认为他不会再找抽烟的医生看病。C．甲认为上周给他看病的医生不会关心甲的健康。D．甲认为上周给他看病的医生不会关心医生自己的健康。E．乙认为上周给甲看病的医生没有医德。【参考答案】E44．得道者多助，失道者寡助。寡助之至，亲戚畔之；多助之至，天下顺之。以天下之所顺，攻亲戚之所畔，故君子有不战，战必胜矣。以下哪项是上述论证所隐含的前提？A．得道者必胜失道者。B．失道者必定得不到帮助。C．君子是得道者。D．失道者亲戚畔之。E．得道者多，则天下太平。【参考答案】C45．如今，孩子写作业不仅仅是他们自己的事，大多数中小学生的家长都要面临陪孩子写作业的任务，包括给孩子听写、检查作业、签字等。根据一项针对3000余名家长进行的调查显示，84%的家长每天都会陪孩子写作业，而67%的受访家长会因陪孩子写作业而烦恼。有专家对此指出，家长陪孩子写作业，相当于充当学校老师的助理，让家庭成为课堂的延伸，会对孩子的成长产生不利影响。以下哪项如果为真，最能支持上述论证？A．大多数家长在孩子教育上并不是行家，他们或者早已遗忘了自己曾经学过的知识，或者根本不知道如何将自己拥有的知识传授给孩子。B．家长陪孩子写作业，会使得孩子在学习中缺乏独立性和主动性，整天处于老师和家长的双重压力下，既难生发学习兴趣，又难养成独立人格。C．家长是最好的老师，家长辅导孩子获得各种知识本来就是家庭教育的应有之义，对于中低年级的孩子，学习过程中的父母陪伴尤为重要。D．家长通常有自己的本职工作，有的晚上要加班，有的即使晚上回家也需要研究工作，操持家务，一般难有精力认真完成学校老师布置的“家长作业”。E．家长辅导孩子，不应围绕老师布置的作业，而应着重激发孩子的学习兴趣，培养孩子良好的学习习惯，让孩子在成长中感到新奇、快乐。【参考答案】B46．我国天山是垂直地带性的典范。已知天山的植被形态分布具有如下特点：（1）从低到高有荒漠、森林带、冰雪带等；（2）只有经过山地草原，荒漠才能演变成森林带；（3）如果不经过森林带，山地草原就不会过渡到山地草甸；（4）山地草甸的海拔不比山地草甸草原的低，也不比高寒草甸高。根据以上信息，关于天山植被形态，按照由低到高排列，以下哪项是不可能的？A．荒漠、山地草原、山地草甸草原、森林带、山地草甸、高寒草甸、冰雪带。B．荒漠、山地草原、山地草甸草原、高寒草甸、森林带、山地草甸、冰雪带。C．荒漠、山地草甸草原、山地草原、森林带、山地草甸、高寒草甸、冰雪带。D．荒漠、山地草原、山地草甸草原、森林带、山地草甸、冰雪带、高寒草甸。E．荒漠、山地草原、森林带、山地草甸草原、山地草甸、高寒草甸、冰雪带。【参考答案】B47．某大学读书会开展“一月一书”活动。读书会成员甲、乙、丙、丁、戊5人在《论语》《史记》《唐诗三百首》《奥德赛》《资本论》中各选一种阅读，互不重复。已知：（1）甲爱读历史，会在《史记》和《奥德赛》中挑一本；（2）乙和丁只爱读中国古代经典，但现在都没有读诗的心情；（3）如果乙选《论语》，则戊选《史记》。事实上，各人都选了自己喜爱的书目。根据上述信息，可以得出以下哪项？A．乙选《奥德赛》。B．戊选《资本论》。C．丙选《唐诗三百首》。D．甲选《史记》。E．丁选《论语》。【参考答案】E48．如果一个人只为自己劳动，他也许能够成为著名学者、大哲人、卓越诗人，然而他永远不能成为完美无暇的伟大人物。如果我们选择了最能为人类福利而劳动的职业，那么，重担就不能把我们压倒,因为这是为大家而献身；那时我们所感到的就不是可怜的、有限的、自私的乐趣,我们的幸福将属于千百万人，我们的事业将默默地、但是永恒发挥作用地存在下去，而面对我们的骨灰，高尚的人们将洒下热泪。根据以上陈述,可以得出以下哪项？A．如果我们只为自己劳动，我们的事业就不会默默地、但是永恒发挥作用地存在下去。B．如果我们为大家而献身，我们的幸福将属于千百万人，面对我们的骨灰，高尚的人们将洒下热泪。C．如果我们没有选择最能为人类福利而劳动的职业,我们所感到的就是可怜的、有限的、自私的乐趣。D．如果一个人只为自己劳动，不是为大家而献身，那么重担就能将他压倒。E．如果选择了最能为人类福利而劳动的职业,我们就不但能够成为著名学者、大哲人、卓越诗人,而且还能够成为完美无瑕的伟大人物。【参考答案】B49～50基于以下题干：某食堂采购4类(各种蔬菜名称的后一个字相同，即为一类)共12种蔬菜：芹菜、菠菜、韭菜、青椒、红椒、黄椒、黄瓜、冬瓜、丝瓜、扁豆、毛豆、豇豆，并根据若干条件将其分成3组，准备在早、中、晚三餐中分别使用。已知条件如下：（1）同一类别的蔬菜不在一组；（2）芹菜不能在黄椒那一组，冬瓜不能在扁豆那一组；（3）毛豆必须与红椒或韭菜同一组；（4）黄椒必须与豇豆同一组。49．根据以上信息，可以得出以下哪项？A．冬瓜与青椒不在同一组。B．丝瓜与韭菜不在同一组。C．芹菜与毛豆不在同一组。D．芹菜与豇豆不在同一组。E．菠菜与扁豆不在同一组。【参考答案】D50．如果韭菜、青椒与黄瓜在同一组，则可以得出以下哪项？A．菠菜、冬瓜与豇豆在同一组。B．韭菜、黄瓜与毛豆在同一组。C．芹菜、红椒与丝瓜在同一组。D．菠菜、黄椒与豇豆在同一组。E．芹菜、红椒与扁豆在同一组。【参考答案】D51．《淮南子·齐俗训》中有曰：“今屠牛而烹其肉，或以为酸，或以为甘，煎熬燎炙，齐味万方，其本一牛之体。”其中的“熬”便是熬牛制汤的意思。这是考证牛肉汤做法的最早文献资料，某民俗专家由此推测，牛肉汤的起源不会晚于春秋战国时期。以下哪项如果为真，最能支持上述推测？A．《淮南子》的作者中有来自齐国故地的人。B．早在春秋战国时期，我国已经开始使用耕牛。C．《淮南子·齐俗训》记述的是春秋张国时期齐国的风俗习惯。D．《淮南子·齐俗训》完成与西汉时期。E．春秋战国时期我国已经有熬汤的鼎器。【参考答案】C52．某研究机构以约2万名65岁以上的老人为对象，调查了笑的频率与健康的关系。结果显示，在不苟言笑的老人中，认为自身现在的健康状态“不怎么好”和“不好”的比例分别是几乎每天都笑的老人的1．5倍和1．8倍。爱笑的老人对自我健康状态的评价往往较高。他们由此认为，爱笑的老人更健康。以下哪项如果为真，最能质疑上述调查者的观点？A．病痛的折磨使得部分老人对自我健康状态的评价不高。B．良好的家庭氛围使得老年人生活更乐观，身体更健康。C．身体健康的老年人中，女性爱笑的比例比男性高10个百分点。D．老年人的自我健康评价往往和他们实际的健康状况之间存在一定的差距。E．乐观的老年人比悲观的老年人更长寿。【参考答案】D53．阔叶树的降尘优势明显，吸附PM2.5的效果最好。一棵阔叶树一年的平均滞尘量达3.16公斤。针叶树叶面积小，吸附PM2.5功能较弱。全年平均下来，阔叶林的吸尘效果要比针叶林强不少，阔叶林也比灌木和草的吸尘效果好得多。以北京常见的针叶树国槐为例，成片的国槐吸尘效果比同等面积的普通草地约高30%。有些人据此认为，为了降尘，北京应大力推广阔叶林，并尽量减少针叶林面积。以下哪项如果为真，最能削弱上述有关人员的观点？A．植树造林既要治理PM2.5，也要治理其他污染物，需要合理布局。B．阔叶林与针叶林比例失调，不仅极易暴发病虫害、火灾等，还会影响林木的生长和健康。C．建造通风走廊，能把城市和郊区的森林连接起来，让清新的空气吹入，降低城区的PM2.5。D．阔叶树冬天落叶在寒冷的冬季，其养护成本远高于针叶树。E．针叶树冬天虽然不落叶，但基本处于“休眠”状态，生物活性差。【参考答案】B54～55题基于以下题干：某园艺公司打算在如下形状的花圃中栽种玫瑰、兰花、菊花三个品种的花卉，该花圃的形状如下所示:拟栽种的玫瑰有紫、红、白3种颜色，兰花有红、白、黄3种颜色，菊花有白、黄、蓝三种颜色，栽种需满足如下要求：（1）每个六边形格子中仅栽种一个品种、一个颜色的花；（2）每个品种只栽种两种颜色的花；（3）相邻格子的花，其品种与颜色均不相同。54．若格子5中是红色的花，则以下哪项是不可能的？A．格子2中是紫色的玫瑰。B．格子1中是白色的兰花。C．格子1中是白色的菊花。D．格子4中是白色的兰花。E．格子6中是蓝色的菊花。【参考答案】C55．若格子5中是红色的玫瑰，且格子3中是黄色的花，则可以得出以下哪项？A．格子1中是紫色的玫瑰。B．格子4中是白色的菊花。C．格子2中是白色的菊花。D．格子4中是白色的兰花。【参考答案】D四、写作：第56～57小题，共65分。其中论证有效性分析30分，论说文35分。56．论证有效性分析：分析下述论证中存在的缺陷和漏润，选择若干要点，写一篇600字左右的文章，对论证的有效性进行分析和评论。（论证有效性分析的一般要点是：概念特别是核心概念的界定和使用是否准确并前后一致，有无各种明显的逻辑错误，论证的论据是否成立并支持结论，结论成立的条件是否充分等等）有人认为选择越多快乐，其理由：．。常言道：“知足常乐。”一个人．．造成的。主要逻辑谬误：（1）事物是无穷的推不出选择是无穷的。因为世界万物确实是多样的，但是选择却是需要对象的，在没确定选择对象是什么的情况下无法得知其是无穷的。（2）“选择越多越快乐”并不意味着只有无穷的选择才能使人感到最快乐，因为使人感到快乐也有其他的途径，没了无穷的选择也能快乐。何况快乐的程度还需界定清楚，在没比较的情况下难以得出最快乐。（3）非黑即白。不会感到快乐推不出就只会感到痛苦。快乐和痛苦不是仅有的两种情感形式，可能仅是平常的心态。（4）做选择时不一定先对各个选项进行分析再决策。当有一定目标时，纵使有很多其余选择可能也无需一一分析，直接做出选择。（5）付出精力多未必带来烦恼。很可能在分析选项时排除掉不可行的方案，或许不仅不会烦还可能会提高自己的成就感。（6）选择越多失误的概率不一定会越高，失误的概率增加不仅是看选择量的多少，还需要看错误选项是否难以区分。（7）飞机晚点而后悔没坐高铁的原因归结于可选交通工．具多有些牵强，真正的原因很可能是对自己的选择错误而后悔，与交通工具多少无关。（8）选择没有绝对的对错不一定就有优劣之分，很可能存在同好同坏的平行选项。（9）懊悔的概率大不代表就越苦。概率是一种可能性，但痛苦是一个确定结果，由一个不知道是否会发生的概率如何能确定人是否苦呢？（10）懊悔股票未赚到更多钱而痛苦的原因归结于可选购的股票多也很牵强。真正原因很可能是对自己决策错误而懊悔苦57．论说文：根据下述材料，写一篇700字左右的论说文，题目自拟。知识的真理性只有经过检验才能得到证明。论辩．．发现真理。参考立意：思想碰撤迸发真理火花／论辩出真知

今年研究生太艰难了，打开试卷袋居然是答案，网友：学校太主动了研究生考试才刚刚落下帷幕，本科生向更高学历的奋进，考研的考生数量不仅比去年增加不少，而且看考生的反馈来说，本次研究生统一考试科目的英语和政治都比2018年偏难，其实这和当前的毕业生就业形势有关，大学不断扩招，大学生越来越多，大学生的竞争压力也越来越大，虽然国家发出政策鼓励大学生创业，但是因为经验和经济的问题，很多新生的企业都很难生存，所以对于应届毕业生来说，还不如再读研究生，来增加自己的“硬核实力”。研究生考试是国家非常重视的考试，它的重要性好比是命运的十字路口，走上不同的路，就可能有不同的未来，考研的学生对自己的准备也不可谓不充足，一年反复多轮复习，就为了这一场，但是在2019的考研中，却出现了令人瞠目结舌的漏洞，山东师范大学考研重大失误，居然将学校命题的试卷替换成了试卷的答案，这样一来，当天出现在学生手中的试题，就成了白花花的答案。908试卷成了908答案，考生如果准备的不充分，可能会在梦境中想到这件事会发生在自己身上，不用努力就能拿到好成绩，这样的乌龙如果发生在平时的测验中，还情有可原，但是这么严格的考试，在老师封题的时候，居然没有注意到，是真的有点说不过去，学生的考研战线无奈的又要延长，研究生考试居然还会出现补考，也真是有点扎心了。考生在考场中，拿着这样的试卷，心中都是焦虑的，本来紧张的考试时间，都变成了折磨，本来清晰的思路，都被这一份试题给打断，考生拿着试卷袋中的答案，考试时间有三个小时，但是同学被这份试题弄得云山雾罩，只能将答案抄到白纸上，不得已为之，也只能行这个下下策了。学校也出来回应这个问题，校方让考研本校的学生在27号来到学校来进行补考，重新考试908业务课，设立考场，之前考试成绩不算数，最后的成绩以补考成绩为准，学校也作出承诺，将对来考试学生的住宿费，交通费，餐费，进行补贴，来弥补学校审核不严格的错误，并作出了致歉。对于这件事，请问你怎么看呢，欢迎在文后留言~

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对于不少考研同学来讲，现在是个比较非常重要的时间节点。很多同学已经完成了一轮复习，开始进入到二轮复习阶段；而对于另外一部分同学来说，找工作到了一定阶段没有什么好结果的时候，会选择开始复习。对于每个考研的同学来说，真题一定是绕不开的话题。因为真题的出题形式新颖，出题内容专业，题目的信度和效度比较高，能够充分考察同学们的学习水平。还没复习完就做真题好不好这个做法是不推荐的。因为真题的考查内容是非常全面的，对于还没复习完的小伙伴来说，做了真题发现很多题目都做错了，自信心备受打击，会影响复习效果。尤其是心理学考研真题，比较难得，做一套少一套，同学们至少要在一轮复习之后，刷1-2套真题，找找做真题的题感，检验一下自己一轮复习的结果。在二轮复习之后，可以认真地把真题刷起来。真题怎么刷才有效一般来讲，自主命题院校的真题形式多样，有的院校的真题甚至连单项选择题都没有。而心理学学术硕士统考的真题考查形式比较全面，包含单项选择题、多项选择题、简答题、综合题等。一张试卷总分300分，考试时间3小时。给同学们刷题的建议是：找一个上午，关上手机和网络，静下心来把一张卷子做完，看看自己用时多少，核对答案看看自己能得多少分。这样的训练可以一周进行1-2次。其他时间呢，同学们可以分模块来练习真题，比如今天只做单项选择题，明天只做简答题等。真题为什么是提分神器对于考生来讲，单项选择题考查的是一个学生的再认能力，即看到四个选项并结合题意，能否选出正确答案；简答题考察的是一个学生的记忆力和理解力，即看到一个简答题之后，能否不看书就把这一题的答案写到试卷上去；综合题不仅考察同学们的记忆力和理解力，还会考查同学们的分析能力。那么，同学们在练真题的过程中，有意识地去提高自己相应的这方面的能力和知识的掌握技巧，就可以了。比如说，一些比较细节的知识点，只会出现在选择题中，那么同学们就不需要去背下来这个知识点所在段落的全部内容，只需要理解它就可以啦。而且，通过练习真题，可以帮助你发现自己的知识盲区。因此，一定要在积极使用真题的基础上，学会使用真题，才能帮助你在备战考研中获得成功！

其他院校真题试卷常州大学考研专业课真题试卷【2009—2020】北京城市学院考研专业课真题试卷【2013—2020】安徽师范大学考研专业课真题试卷【2014—2020】

现在对于参加考研的学生来说，最关注的就是今年的考研究竟难不难呢？因此你便会看到很多学生自从考场回到学校讨论的问题都是以今年的考研难度为主线，有的学生表示今年的考研试题是真的难，但也有一部分考生表示今年的试题还是相对来说比较容易一些，那么到底是难还是不难呢？或许我们那些二战考研的学生更加有发言权吧！据了解很多二战考研的学生表示，今年的考研试题相对于去年的考研试题来说还是要容易很多的。我想凡是关注考研的学生来说，都清楚18考研的试题难度，拿数学来说，18考研的数学试题所考察的知识点都有超纲的知识点，这难倒了诸多的考生，所以18考研数学考试结束后，是真的有很多学生便放弃了后续的考试了，选择放弃了，因为数学这一单科成绩已经是没戏了。更为重要的是在2月公布的研究生招生考试的最低分数线中，数学的最低分数线下降了非常的多，所以这足以说明18考研数学试题非常的难。但对于今年的数学试题来说，二战考研的学生表示难度不是没有但是相对于去年的考研数学已经是简单了很多了，所以他们认为今年的数学相对容易一些。此外，今年的英语试题上，虽然有几个单词考研学生表示不认识，阅读理解不会做，新题型不会做等诸多情况，但是从目前的情况来看今年的英语试题相对于去年的英语试题还是有一定的下降。二战考研的学生也表示，今年的英语试题有难度，但是绝对没有18考研的难，因为去年他们在做英语的时候不管是作文还是阅读，或者还是新题型都是非常的难，最后在所公布的英语单科国家线上也明显的体现了出来，18英语单科线相对于17年英语单科线整整下降了两分。所以，从那些二战考研的学生得出的结论是相对于去年的考研来说，今年的考研还是比较容易的，但是依然非常的有一定的难度。或许这些二战考研的学生，对于今年的考研试题会更加的有清晰的认识，毕竟参加了去年的硕士研究生招生考试，有了一定的对比，因此大致可以确定今年 的考研试题相对于去年的考研试题还是比较简单一些的。

所有备战研究生的学生听到最多的一句话，就是研究真题。如何做呢？1、英语先声明一点，考研没有强制要求必须过了四六级。所以没有考四六级的同学们大可放心了（有学校明确提出要求的慎重报考）。1.1 背真题中的单词。考研我没有准备单词书，报班了但是效果不太好，最终只有自己学习了。买了套年的真题，把真题上面所有的单词都被过了。查单词的过程是相当的痛苦，但是坚持下来了，然后就是把单词的意思背过，死记硬背，我没有任何技巧。1.2 研究选项。做完题之后，最痛快的时候就是对答案了。相信大部分人是做对了就不管了，只管做错的题。而且也是看为什么选A，不研究为什么不选B。其实研究为什么不选B比知道选A更重要，知其然也知其所以然就是这个道理。保证对试卷上所以的题目、选项无缝隙的覆盖钻研。1.3 翻译。先说一下，不管你翻译得如何，一定要保证卷面整洁。根据买的真题上的参考答案研究，从用词、句型结构等各个角度研究，然后就是自己翻译。详细英语复习建议看：学长带你学考研英语2、数学数学分数一、数二、数三。2.1 基础知识。不建议直接上来做真题，那样会打击到你（大神除外），先把基础知识学一遍，尤其是资料上面的练习题，如果可以全部自己动手做一遍。切忌一看会了就不动手做，这是万万不可取的。买复习全书的人很多，也有用汤老师、张老师的，大家自由选择，这里不做推荐。2.2 做几遍真题。第一遍真题基础好的同学，这一遍真题应该可以做到90分了，我了解到很少，所以如果这一遍没有做到90不要紧张。就研究这一套卷子，把卷子上面涉及到的知识点全部在学习一遍，然后隔上两天再做一遍。第二遍一定要做到90分以上，最基本的如何破题，答题，技巧要形成体系。2.3 总结。不管你有是否有这样的习惯，现在一定要养成做总结的习惯，把试卷上的知识点做总结，做题的破题点做总结，答题的技巧做总结，甚至答题的顺序都要有总结。详细数学复习建议看：学长带你学考研数学3、政治很多人觉着政治的大纲每年变化最大，没有必要研究真题，其实非也。3.1 利用真题总结知识点。虽然每年大纲变化很大，但是还是有很多主干知识不会变化，利用真题先把主干知识总结出来，先复习这个，不要老说政治考前突击就行。3.2 真题参考答案的答题思路。先研究政治主观题的答题套路，了解套路后才能走好下一步。这样做一来找到答题的套路，二来复习了知识点。详细政治复习建议看：学长带你学考研政治4、专业课很多学校的专业课会有很多的重复的，所以建议把专业课的试题都要背过。专业课就不再多说了。最后祝大家考上理想院校。