2016研究生英语真题

2016考研英语二真题及答案解析 Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text。 Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on the ANSWER SHEET。 （10 points）Happy people work differently。 They’re more proctive， more creative， and willing to take greater risks。 And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work， too。Companies located in place with happier people invest more， according to a recent research paper。 2 ， firms in happy places spend more on R&D（research and development）。That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investment for the future。The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested。 So they compared U.S。 cities’ average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas。7 enough， firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8。 But it is really happiness that’s linked to investment， or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D？ To find out， the researches controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest like size， instry ， and sales-and-and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in， like growth in wages or population。 They link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things。The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms， which the authors 13 to “less confined decision making process” and the possible presence of younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment。’’ The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16。 Firms seem to invest more in places。17 this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view， the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility。 It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future。 It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward –thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average，” said one researcher。1。 [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2。 [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3。 [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary4。 [A] indivialism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism5。 [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6。 [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7。 [A] sure [B] odd [C] unfortunate [D] often8。 [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered9。 [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10。 [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods11。 [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable12。 [A] resumed [B] held [C] emerged [D] broke13。 [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D] compare14。 [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D] experienced15。 [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16。 [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally17。 [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18。 [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes19。 [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share20。 [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send actSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts。 Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B， C or D。 Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET。 （40 points）Text 1It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college。 Students without experience can catch up after a few introctory courses， said Tom Cortina， the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science。However， Cortina said， early exposure is beneficial。 When younger kids learn computer science， they learn that it’s not just a confusing， endless string of letters and numbers – but a tool to build apps， or create artwork， or test hypotheses。 It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students。 Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal。 Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap， Cortina said。Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college， where introctory computer-science classes are packed to the brim， which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away。The Flatiron School， where people pay to learn programming， started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for alts looking for a career change。 The high-schoolers get the same curriculum， but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in，” said Victoria Friedman， an instructor。 For instance， one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood。The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook。 Programming languages have a quick turnover， so the “Ruby on Rails” language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market。 But the skills they learn – how to think logically through a problem and organize the results – apply to any coding language， said Deborah Seehorn， an ecation consultant for the state of North Carolina。Indeed， the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all。 But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes。 These kids are going to be surrounded by computers-in their pockets ，in their offices， in their homes –for the rest of their lives， The younger they learn how computers think， how to coax the machine into procing what they want –the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that –the better。21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to _______A。 complete future job trainingB。 remodel the way of thinkingC。 formulate logical hypothesesD。 perfect artwork proction22.In delivering lessons for high - schoolers ， Flatiron has considered their________A。 experienceB。 interestC。 career prospectsD。 academic backgrounds1、[答案]C how[解析]根据空格所在句子可以看出，空格处应该是一个引导宾语从句的从属连词，做influence的宾语。四个选项的意思中，只有C。 how引导后面的内容做influence的宾语，前后意思合理。2、[答案]B In particular[解析]空格的前一句话的内容是：坐落在幸福人群所在地的公司投资更多的钱。空格所在句的内容是：坐落在幸福人群所在地的公司在…方面投入更多的钱。很显然，前后句子是总分关系。选项中，只有B选项可以体现总分关系。3、[答案]D necessary[解析]根据空格处前后的内容，_____ for making investments for the future是做后置定语修饰longer-term thinking和happiness。幸福，这种持久的思维模式对于对未来进行投资_______，四个选项中只有D。 necessary 做后置定语符合前后内容。其他选项与原文内容语义不符。4、[答案]C optimism[解析]空格处的内容与inclination for risk-taking由and连接，构成并列关系，后面that come with happiness定语从句既修饰空格处的内容，也修饰inclination for risk-taking，所以选项中可以由that come with happiness修饰的只有C选项optimism。5、[答案]D change[解析]空格处的内容和the way companies invested构成动宾搭配。选项中A。 echo 回声 B。 miss 思念 C。 spoil 溺爱 D。 change 改变，所以只有D选项可以和the way companies invested构成通顺语义。故D项正确。6、[答案]B measured[解析]原文：So they compared U.S。 cities’ average happiness_______ by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas。 所以他们比较美国城市的平均幸福，这种幸福是根据盖洛普在上市公司的投资活动地区民意调查来________。 A imagined 想象，D assumed 假定与民意调查的客观性是不符的，故排除，C invented 发明，与文意不符，故选B measured，衡量，测量。7、[答案]A sure[解析]若要判断此空的答案，需要结合文章上下文来判断。这句话和本篇完型的第二段的首句的含义是相同的。第二段的首句：Companies located in places with happier people invest more，含义为：坐落在幸福人们多的地方的公司会加大研发投入力度。本段首句其实是对于这一中心的重复阐述，因此选A。8、[答案]D headquartered[解析]原文：firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were _________。公司的投资与研发强度与公司所_______的地区的幸福度相关。依据第7题的答案，我们可以推断，这句话所填写的单词和located应该是近义， A advertised 广告； B divided 分割； C overtaxed 负担过重；均与本文含义不符，故选D，headquartered设立总部。9、[答案]A explain[解析]原文：…could something else about happier cities ______ why firms there spend more on R&D？ 此句也是对于本文中心的再次论证。还有其他的什么可以__________公司在幸福的城市加入研发投入力度吗？ 这句话之后就是具体的原因陈述。B overstate 夸张； C summarize总结；D emphasize 强调；均不符合文意，所以以上三项皆排除。故选A express 解释，阐释。10、[答案]B factors[解析]原文： To find out， the researchers controlled for various ________that might make firms more likely to invest — like size， instry， and sales ，为了找到答案，研究人员控制了各种各样的可能会让公司加大投资的_______——比如大小、行业和销量——，联系上下文，我们可以看出，这个空格其实就是下文size， instry， and sales的上义词，可以包含这三个名词的内容。A stages 阶段；C levels 水平，标准； D methods 方法；均不符合文意。故选B factors 原因，因素。11、[答案]A desirable[解析]该句意思为：研究者掌控了各种使公司更愿意投资的因素（比如规模、行业、销售），也掌控了居住起来____的住处的征兆（比如工资或人数的增长）。此处需填入形容词，前后两句为并列关系，感情色彩应保持一致，所填词应和空前more likely to invest更可能投资，以及空后like举例的内容涨工资一致，也是好事，所以答案desirable可取的、令人满意的为正确选项。Sociable善于交际的，reputable有声望的，reliable可靠的虽为正向词汇，但均与上下文衔接不紧密，因此答案为desirable。12、[答案]B held[解析]即使说明这些问题，总体来讲，快乐与投资之间的关系____。Resume继续、重新开始，hold保持不变，维持，emerge出现，break破裂。前后为递进，说明这些问题后，二者关系应仍然保持不变，所以hold为正确答案。13、[答案]A attribute[解析]该句意思为：快乐与投资之间的相互关系对年轻的企业特别强烈，作者把这一点____于“缺少编纂的做决定过程”。此处考搭配，attribute…to把……归咎于，assign…to把……指派给，transfer…to把……传递给，compare…to把……相比较，其中attribute…to符合文意，作者把这一点归因于于“缺少编纂的做决定过程”。14、[答案]D experienced[解析]该题为并列平行关系考查，and前后情感色彩、所属范畴应保持一致，younger并列，应为less experienced缺少经验的，故为正确答案。Serious严肃的，civilized文明的，ambitious有野心的，与年龄无直接关系，故排除。15、[答案]C also[解析]该句话上一句为The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong，此句为The relationship was 15 stronger，显然，二者之间为并列关系，因此选择also也。Thus表结果，instead表转折，never从不，不符合此处逻辑。16、[答案]D equally[解析]此题考查副词。四个选项中，A选项rapidly意为“迅速地”， B选项regularly意为“常规地”，C选项意为directly“直接地”，D选项equally“平等地”。此处讨论的是公司投资与快乐之间的关系。空格后指出，相较于在快乐不平等的地方，或者幸福感有巨大鸿沟的地方，公司更愿意在大多数人都较为幸福的领域投资， D选项equally是对inequality的反义复现，因此，D选项是正确选项。17、[答案]C While[解析]此处考察上下文的逻辑关系。上文指出，公司愿意在幸福的领域里投资， 而空格后则提到“这并不能证明幸福引发了公司扩大投资或者采用较长远的眼光看问题”，显然，这二者之间是转折关系，正确选项为C选项While “然而”。A选项 After“在……之后” ， B选项Until “直到”，D选项Since“因为”或“自从”，都不符合文意。18、[答案]C hints[解析]空格所在句的前半句质疑了投资与幸福的关系，后半句的作者表现的态度是“believe”， 因此此处要填入一个表积极立场的词，且能与后面的at that possibility构成搭配， 表明“作者”的认可态度。A选项arrive“到达”，B选项jumps“跳跃”，D选项strikes“打击；罢工”，均不能与at that possibility搭配，C选项hints“暗示”符合语意，因此正确答案为C。19、[答案]A shape[解析]结合文意，此处是在正面论述“当地文化和氛围”对公司运营的影响，且二者之间的因果关系一直贯穿全文。四个选项中，A选项shape意为“形成，塑造” B选项rediscover“重新发现”， C选项simplify“简化”，D选项share“分享”， 其中只有A 选项最贴近语意，因此正确答案为A。20、[答案]B lean towards[解析]此处考察固定词组。 A选项pray for意为“为……祈祷”，B选项lean towards意为“向……倾斜”，C选项give away意为“泄露； 失去；赠送”，D选项send out意为“发送，发出”。空格所在句的前后语意为“快乐的人比普通人更加的具有正向思维，更有创造力，并且更加的_____研究和发展。”可知最符合文意的只能是选项B。Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 121、[答案][B]remodel the way of thinking[解析]观点题。根据题干Cortina holds回文定位在第二段。第二段指出Cortina认为过早的接触电脑是有益的，紧接着指出当小孩子学习电脑科学，他们就学习了如何去开发手机应用程序，或者创作艺术，或者验证假设。对于他们来说与大孩子相比，改变思维并不难。综上所述，[B]remodel the way of thinking是对原文“transform their thought”的同义置换。22、[答案][B] interest[解析]事实细节题。根据题干关键信息“in delivering lessons for high-schoolers”、“Flatiron has considered”，定位到第三段。整个第三段在叙述Flatiron School。其中，第三行The high-schoolers get the same curriculum， but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in”（高中生们上同样的课程，但是“我们力图以他们的兴趣来调整课程”），表明了该校开设课程的依据是“学生的兴趣”，故选[B] interest。23、[答案][A] help students learn other computer languages[解析]细节题。根据Deborah Seehorn 定位到文章第五段最后一句。Deborah说他们学习的技能（如何思考问题具有逻辑性并组织结果）可以应用到编码语言中去。选项[A]帮助学生学习另外的电脑语言是对这句话的概括。24、[答案][C] become better prepared for the digitalized world[解析]推理题。根据题干关键词“the last paragraph”和“Flatiron students”回文定位在最后一段。最后一段第一句指出Flatiron的学生不会全都进入IT界。紧接着第二句说明培养编码人员不是唯一目的，第三句进一步指出这些学生将会一生“被电脑包围”（生活在电脑时代），对比四个所给选项，[C] become better prepared for the digitalized world与原文意思一致，故正确。25、[答案][A] persuade[解析]词义题。根据题干关键信息“coax”（Line 4， Para.6），定位到最后一段第四行how to coax the machine into procing what they want（如何…电脑生产他们想要的），且该部分是与how computers think（电脑是如何思维的）并列的，都是学生学习的具体内容。正是因为两者并列，因此根据单词think可知coax同样含有一定比喻色彩，且coax指的是“让电脑生产他们想要的”一种手段或方式。将四个选项分别带入原文：[A] persuade“劝说，劝诱”，即“劝诱电脑生产他们想要的”，语意恰当，是正确选项；[B] frighten“吓唬，使惊吓”，即“吓唬电脑去生产他们想要的”，该方式带有贬义色彩，故排除；[C] misguide“误导”，与[B]同理，故排除；[D] challenge“挑战”，即“挑战电脑去生产他们想要的”，语义不通顺，故排除。因此，本题正确答案为[A] persuade。Text 226、[答案][A] its drastically decreased population[解析]本题属于细节题，考查了考生对文章首段中关于草原鸡数量的变化的理解。根据对首段首句当中生物学家预测的数量是2百万，而在首段末句出现but转折以及末句当中关于草原鸡现在真实的剩余数量只有2万2千只，都可以说明草原鸡的数量急剧的下降；另外，这道题还有一种做法是通过第二段首句的主语的作用，某些情况下，文章中间段落的首句主语起到承上启下的作用，那么中间段落首句主语就会有概括上一段的作用，本文第二段的首句：The crash was a main reason USFWS decided to formally list the bird as threatened。 就是对第26题题干和正确选项的同义替换，根据第二段第一句的主语：the crash （这种暴跌），对应正确选项A。27、[答案][D] went against conservation policies[解析]本题属于推理题，根据题干信息：the “Threatened” tag 令许多环境学家感到失望，定位到第二段的第三句，因此，原因应该出自第三句之后，而第四句和第五句中间有很明显的转折词but，因此答案定位在第五句，很多同学可能会问，这里并没有表示原因的词去与题干当中的in that进行对应，但是在我们的钻石卡的课程中提到，原文当中给出原因的并不一定是直接给出表示原因的连词或者介词，在本文第三句的but Ashe and others argued that the “threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new， potentially less confrontational conservation approaches。 当中的gave这个词是“使得”的意思，A使得B如何如何，也就是A是B的原因，因此这道题的答案是D （违反了保护措施）。28、[答案][B] volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[解析]本题属于推理题，根据题干当中给出的位置信息（第三段）以及表示条件与结果的逻辑关系的if这个信息，可以迅速定位到第三段的第一句，其中题干当中的if与文章当中的as long as 进行对应，而题干当中的表示结果的部分与as long as 之前进行对应，因此，正确选项应该出自as long as 之后，也就是原文当中的：they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat。 “签订一系列管理计划去恢复草原鸡的栖息地”，对应到的正确选项是B （volunteer to set up an equally big habitat 帮助搭建同样大小的栖息地）29、[答案][D] the states[解析]本题属于细节题。答案定位在文章第三段最后一句，从Ashe所说的话中“states remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species”可以得出，选项D the states在管理物种方面起着领导作用。30、[答案][B] the win-win rhetoric[解析]本题属于推断题。答案定位在文章最后一段，从Jay Lininger所说的话中，可以得知他认为政府应该为导致鸟类濒临灭绝的产业负责任，因此可以得出，他最可能支持本段开头所提出的双赢的说法。Text 331、[答案][D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed[解析]细节题。根据题干回文定位到第二段第一句“what makes…management techniques don‘t seem sufficient”，，但是这句并没有提及原因。真正的原因是第二段最后一句“Deep reading requires not just time， but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient”。（深度阅读需要的不仅仅是时间，而且仅仅通过高效率所获得的那种时间也不够），因此选项D what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed为正确答案。32、[答案][B] make passing time fulfilling[解析]细节题。根据题干回文定位到第三段第五句：we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles（days， hours， minutes） as they pass。故正确答案应该与to fill…相一致。这句话中将时间单位天，小时和分钟比喻成了不同大小的瓶子。而压力来自于我们填充这些大小不一的瓶子时，即把自己的时间充实起来时。故正确答案为选项B，其中passing time是原文as they pass的同义替换，making … fulfilling是to fill的同义替换。33、[答案][D] achieve immersive reading[解析]细节题。根据题干定位到第四段第二句：…such ritualistic behavior helps us “step outside time’s flow” into “soul time。 （这种仪式化行为指代有助于我们从拜托时间流进入灵魂阅读），soul time 即选项D 中immersive reading （沉浸式阅读），故正确答案为选项D。题干“scheling regular times for reading helps”是题干中的“such ritualistic behavior helps”的同义改写，“soul time”是“immersive reading”的同义替换。34、[答案][A] reading becomes your primary business of the day[解析]细节题。根据题干中的carry a book with you at all times can work if， 可以定位到第四段倒数第二句 “providing you dip in often enough， so that reading becomes the default state”（假定你经常沉浸在阅读中，以至于阅读成为一种默认设置），因此可以确定选项A reading becomes your primary business of the day（阅读成为你一天中的主要事情）为正确答案。35、[答案][B] How to Find Time to Read[解析]主旨题。根据文章首段转折之后出主旨。But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully： There’s never any time to read。（但是其中一个特别悲哀的抱怨是：没有时间阅读）。第二、三、四段都在论证深度阅读才是解决之道。因此选项Dhow to find time to read为正确答案。Text 436、[答案][B] having a family with children[解析]根据题干给出的mark， successful life等词可以定位到第二段的第一句话，successful life可以找到原词，而mark对应milestone，including后面的内容就是这种生活的特征，包含“结婚，有孩子，有家，60岁退休”，和选项对比，只有B项符合原文给出的特征，属于同意替换。A项这里未提，略有干扰的是后面but句中的different paths，但这和题干不符，C项的退休后工作和原文刚好相反，D项未提到。37、[答案][C] attach importance to pre-martial finance[解析]根据题干给出的段落序号可以定位到第三段，另又提到young people，故可以定位到第三段开头第一句话。题干问的是年轻人倾向于……，题干中的tend在这句话中可以找到同意置换词more likely，句子中后面有5个to do表示年轻人倾向于做什么，所以答案就在这些动词不定式中。和选项对比，只有C项符合原文的含义“婚前或者有孩子之前要有经济保障”，属于同意替换。A项这里未提，也不符合当下年轻人的生活习惯，B项和原文刚好相反，原文说的是经常换工作来提升职业，而选项说的是长时间做一份工作，D项只是有childcare outside the home和原文一样，但是原文说的是父母都工作对孩子好，选项则是说年轻人更注重照顾孩子，两者含义并不相符。38、[答案][D] reach almost all aspects of American life[解析]根据题干给出的the priorities and expectations等词可以定位到第四段的第一句话的中间，that后面的内容是对这两个名词的修饰，故答案应该在这个从句中。和选项对比，只有D项符合原文，ripple through和选项中的reach属于同意替换。A项和B项这里均未提，C项只是politics和preferences这两个词有在文中出现，但是语义并不相符。39、[答案][D] getting established is harder for the young[解析]根据题干给出的young and old等词可以定位到第五段开头，这句话有冒号，解释key point，所以答案应该在冒号之后，题目问的是他们同意什么，也就是观点，所以可以再缩小范围为believe后面的内容为正确选项的含义。和选项对比，只有D项符合原文，属于同意替换。A项和C项这里均未具体提及，B项相对干扰性强，但是文中只是提到说在实现这些重要成就时，晚辈会比长辈遇到更艰难的挑战，并不是说老辈比晚辈创造了更多的成就，故排除。40、[答案][C] His parents’ good life has little to do with a college degree[解析]根据题干给出的Schenider可以定位到最后一段开头。这段话开头就说这个人认为今天的生活更艰难，后面的内容都在介绍他的生活。因为题干除了这个人名之外并没有给出其他更细定位的信息，可以选择从选项定位入手反推正确答案。A项“他毕业后找到一个理想工作”，文章只在最后一段第二句后面说到这个问题，但并没有说这个工作是dream work，故排除。B项的work steady在第三局也有提到，但并没有说是父母认为的，故排除。C项说到父母的好生活在第四、五句有提到，尤其引号中的内容和选项相符，故为正确答案。D项认为工作很有挑战性，这并没有提到，属于无中生有。Part B41、[答案]D （Express your emotions）[解析]emotions一词在本段中原词复现了两次，而且出现了其下义词，比如sad， angry，本段最后一句提到对待情绪的方式是：acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately。选项D与此完全对应。因此确定正确答案为D选项。42、[答案]F （Be easily pleased）[解析]该段通过举例来说明段落主题，提到it cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed，本句话的含义是“虽然礼物不值钱，但是让她特别开心”。并且核心词overjoyed与小标题F中pleased属于近义词。该段第二句话在转折后提到the reality is these things have little lasting impact on our happiness levels，即“这些东西对我们的幸福水平影响很小。”接着最后一句总结到“感激生活中的小事情是提升我们幸福感的一个好方式”，因此本段重点在于强调要感激生活中的小事情，所以正确答案是F选项。43、[答案]A （Be silly）[解析]该段开头提及一个问题，那么问题的答案正是本段的中心句。第二句正是对问题的解答，根据本句话的前半部分：if we alts could inlge in a bit of silliness and giggling， 核心词silliness与选项A中的silly为同源词，因此确定选项A为正确答案。44、[答案]B （Have fun）[解析]首先明确本段中第二句为转折句，在找段落中心时，是必读部分。本句话含义是“成年人有能力按照自己的想法去享受时光（enjoy the things）”，紧接着下句举例说明享受的这些快乐的事情分别有哪些。因此本段重点在于说明成年人可以按照自己的意愿享受快乐时光。故选择 Have fun 。45、[答案]E （Don’t overthink it）[解析]该段主题句是段落首句it’s important to add that we shouldn’t try too hard to be happy，强调“我们不应该着急要快乐”。第二句借科学家的话提到这样做的不良影响，下文更是引用哲学家庄子的话来证明这一论点，最后一句再次突出，我们应以孩子为榜样，对于孩子来说，快乐不是一个目标，而是他们生活方式的自然副产品。可见，该段整体上是总分的结构，先提出论点再论证。此外too hard与选项E中的overthink属于近义表达，natural与overthink是反义复现。因此，答案选E。Section III Translation46、[解析]句1：The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors。[题目考点]被动语态，不定式短语作目的状语[句子结构]简单句。句子的主干是“The supermarket is designed to……”，被动语态翻译的时候变为主动，不定式短语做目的状语，可以翻译为“旨在……”。“lure……into”表示引诱……做……，在这里可以意译为“意在……”。“as much time as possible”表示“尽可能长的时间……”[重点词汇] design：设计；lure：吸引，引诱。[参考译文]超市旨在吸引顾客在店里停留尽量长的时间。句2：The reason for this is simple： The longer you stay in the store， the more stuff you’ll see， and the more stuff you see， the more you’ll buy。[题目考点]并列结构，比较结构[句子结构]复合句。本句用连词and连接两个比较句。本句包含一个常用的比较结构“the+形容词+……，the+形容词+……”表示“越……，越……”。[重点词汇] the more……， the more……：越…，越…。[参考译文]原因非常简单：顾客在店里停留的时间越长，看到的商品越多；看到的商品越多，买的越多。句3：And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff。[题目考点]词的翻译[句子结构]简单句。本句是简单的主语+谓语+宾语结构。“contain”原本表示“包含，包括”，在本句中可以意译为“陈列”。[重点词汇]contain：包含，包括。[参考译文]超市陈列了大量的商品。句4：The average supermarket， according to the Food Market Institute， carries some 44，000 different items， and many carry tens of thousands more。[题目考点]并列结构[句子结构]复合句。And连接了两个简单句。第一个简单句句子的主干是“The average supermarket carries items……”；第二个简单句句子的主干是“many carry……”。“ according to……”表示“根据……”做方式状语。[重点词汇]Food Market Institute： 食品营销研究院， tens of thousands：成千上万。[参考译文]根据食品营销研究院的调查，一般超市里有约44000种不同的商品；大多数超市都有上万种。句5：The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload。[题目考点]词的翻译，不定式短语做目的状语[句子结构]简单句。句子的主干是“The sheer volume of available choice is enough”，不定式“to ……”做目的状语，表示“足够去干……”。[重点词汇]sheer：绝对的，纯粹的； available：可利用的，可供选择的；overload：符合过多。[参考译文]如此众多的选择足以使顾客面对的信息过于繁杂。句6：According to brain-scan experiments， the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us。[题目考点]词的翻译[句子结构]简单句。句子的主干是“the demands……become……”，表示“需求……变得……”。短语“：According to……”做方式状语，表示“根据……”。[重点词汇]brain-scan：脑部扫描 ，decision-making：作出决定，决策。[参考译文]根据脑部扫描实验，需要做这么多的决定很快就会使我们难以承受。句7：After about 40 minutes of shopping， most people stop struggling to be rationally selective， and instead began shopping emotionally—which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying。[题目考点]并列结构，定语从句[句子结构]复合句。句子主干为most people stop struggling to be rationally selective and instead began shopping emotionally，其中instead和rationally，emotionally含转折和对比的意味。after about 40 minutes of shopping为介词短语做时间状语。which is the point是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个句子。at which引导限制性定语从句，修饰point，相当于when，这个定语从句中主干成分为we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff，in our cart做地点状语。句中的最后一个that引导定语从句，修饰前面的先行词the 50 percent of stuff，整个句子中呈现从句套从句的句式。[重点词汇]rationally：理性地；emotionally：情感地，情绪冲动地；accumulate：累积；cart：购物车。[参考译文]大约购物40分钟以后，大部分顾客就无法试图做出理性的选择，而会冲动购物——此时，在购物车里，我们已经装了一半根本没想买的东西。[全文翻译]超市旨在吸引顾客在自己店内停留尽量长的时间。原因很简单：顾客在店里停留的时间越长，看到的商品就会越多；而看到的商品越多，你就会买的越多。超市有大量商品。根据食品营销研究院所说，普通超市大概有44000种不同的商品；很多超市更是会比普通超市多上万种商品。众多选择足以让顾客面临各种信息，不堪重负。根据脑部扫描实验，需要做这么多的决定很快就会使我们难以承受。大约购物40分钟以后，大部分顾客就无法试图做出理性的选择，而会冲动购物——此时，在购物车里，我们已经装了一半根本没想买的东西。Section IV Writing47、 [参考范文]Dear Jack，Your letter of congratulations was received。 Thank you for your nice words on my winning the contest。 In the letter， you asked me about the skills to do translation， so the following are my advice for you。Firstly， you should analyze the sentence structure， thus catching the meaning of the sentence。 Secondly， find the proper words to translate the meaning of the source language into the target language。 Thirdly， revise your translation at least three times to check if there are any mistranslations or missed meanings。I hope my advice helpful。 Wish to see you soon。Yours sincerely，Li Ming48、 [参考范文]Portrayed in the above pie chart is a survey of college students’ purposes of traveling。 The number of students who take traveling as a chance to see beautiful scenes accounts for 37%， while students who would like to travel to relieve pressure from study take up 35 %。There are several reasons behind the trend revealed in the above chart。 To begin with， as the present society is filled with fierce competition， most college students nowadays are under great pressure to stand out among others or to lunch a decent job after graation。 Therefore， they tend to choose traveling as an outlet to relieve their stress。 Secondly， with the fast advancement of the living standards of Chinese families， traveling is increasingly affordable to most college students。 For this reason， students prefer to travel to see different views to enjoy themselves or to make some friends。From my perspective， no matter what reason it is for， traveling is of great benefit for students to

The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors.超市的设计目的是吸引顾客在超市内尽可能长时间的停留。The reason for this is simple:原因很简单The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you'll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you'll buy.你在店里待的时间越长，你看到的东西就越多，你看到的东西越多，你买的东西就越多。And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff.超市里有很多东西。The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more.根据食品营销协会的数据，平均每家超市有大约44，000种不同的商品，而且有很多超市有比这多数万件。The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload.可供选择的数量之多足以使购物者陷入信息过载的状态。According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us.根据脑部扫描实验，如此多的决策要求使我们很快承受不了。After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective,在大约40分钟的购物之后，大多数人不再挣扎于理性的选择，and instead began shopping emotionally-which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.而是开始冲动性购物，在这时候，我们把50%从来不打算买的东西放进购物车里。

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

做英语真题分为两个阶段：一个是精读，一个是精做精读：基本上记完必考词就可以开始精读真题了精做：一般都是在6月之前语法词汇过至少过完1-2遍了开始，最晚不能超过暑假首先给大家看看考英语一或者英语二应该买哪些真题备注：O表示考英语一需要做的年份题型；⌒表示英语一or英语二都可用，只积累词汇； √表示考英语二需要做的年份题型。①10年之前的真题没有区分英语一和英语二。②01-04年的题型和现在有所差别，所以这4年的可以在背了一个月词汇之后，拆开拿来精读，尤其是阅读部分。③05-09年的真题英语一和英语二都是一样的，所以这个阶段的题英语一和英语二都全刷。④英语一（10-20）年的真题考英语二的同学可以在分题型练习的时候用作辅助练习，英语二（10-20）的真题同理考英语一的同学可以作文辅助练习。其次给大家说说真题具体的规划安排备注：以上的规划只是真题的用法，在6月前除了真题精读，重心应放在词汇以及长难句上。没有过四级的同学在6月之前必考词至少要过两遍，基础词一遍，句句真研要过一遍；介于四六级之间的同学可以根据自己的情况补，先把词汇或者语法先重点过一遍；过了六级的同学，如果已经有一定词汇量或者有语法基础了，就可以过了一遍核心词汇之后就从真题里面背，图表里用来补充练习的年份的翻译就可以在这个阶段用再给大家说说真题书怎么选①考英语一的同学如果不考数学，不跨专业，专业课压力比较小，英语又几乎零基础的同学可以用考研真相，在复习过程中尽量精翻全文。如果其他科的压力比较大，复习又比较晚，可以直接用张剑黄皮书，在复习中尽量只翻译破题句或者破题段，给其他科留一些时间。②考英语二的同学因为英语一和英语二的真题都要买，可以买英语一（01-20）年的张剑黄皮书，英语二（10-20）的考研圣经还有后期会反复做真题，可以提前复习1-2份真题或者买一份手译本，关于手译本怎么用我在后面会提到！关于阅读如何精读前期阅读精读的作用在于对文章思路的了解以及单词语法。尤其是对于英语基础相对薄弱的同学而言，精读真题就非常高效了！但是有一个前提！！！如果四六级都过了，且词汇量均在5500+，可以过一遍核心单词后就直接开始研究真题阅读，从真题继续扩展词汇量。如果四级没过，或者考了几次才飘过的，建议先用红宝书打一下词汇基础。把词汇基础扩展到5000+再去分析和研究真题，以及真题上的陌生单词，注意陌生单词需要有目的性的摘选，尤其是句子里不认识的动词和形容词！那么如何精读呢？第一步：通读全文，注意每段首尾句，大致了解全文的大概主旨意思，圈出文章中不认识的词语，先把中文意思查找出来，不要标记在文中。这一步的意义在于对文章的难易程度提前摸个底，估算一下自己词汇量不足的地方第二步：梳理出每句的主干以及其他成分，先口译主干部分，然后再口译其他成分，最后把其他成分放入主干中，按照翻译顺序翻译整个句子。这一步主要是检验一下自己的语法水平，对句子结构的掌握情况第三步：对比解析，查漏补缺。根据答案解析，看看自己的问题在哪，在6月之前就主要看结构方面，尤其是句子其他定语成分，状语成分位置顺序是否正确。第四步：摘抄文章中不熟悉的词汇。之前查找了一遍单词，在翻译过程中，还是想不起的单词摘抄出来，重点记忆；翻译问题比较大的句子也可以摘抄下来或者重点标记，后期补充复习。关于真题如何精做考英语一的同学可以在6-11月期间精做英语一（05-15）年的真题。考英语二的同学可以在（6-11）月期间精做英语一（05-09），英语二（10-15）年的真题。第一阶段：3-4天定时（3 h）做真题（2个月）1.第一天定时（3 h）做一套真题，前两周里面可以不用写作文,只需要摘抄作文里面的词组和作文框架就可以了。做题的时候，最好按照先看问题标记关键词→粗读文章掌握主旨→细读文章，扣细节做题的顺序2.第二天核对答案，摘录文章中的陌生单词，标记出线索句，根据答案解析做好错题笔记，比如这道题的出题类型，主要是为了熟悉历年来的阅读文章类型，熟悉真题阅读出题的方向；3.第三天翻译阅读中的线索句，错误率比较高的文章尽量全文翻译，还有翻译题中错了的句子。做完之后再比对解析，看看自己翻译的译文结构上是否有问题，如果问题比较大，再用一天的时间回到长难句书上再做一下类似的题或者看阅读课。第二阶段：研究阅读错题原因（1个月）看自己是因为单词做错了，还是句子理解错误，或者是对文章整体方向的把控错误导致的做题错误，研究自己做错的原因，记录问题（重点），并标记每道错题的所属题型。在看解析的时候，重点看题型正确答案的分析思路。然后继续重复第一遍精析句子和查词背单词的步骤；总结完做的11年真题之后，看看自己常错的题型有哪些，出现这些错误的原因有哪些，找出问题后，大家可以看唐静或者其他老师阅读课的解题技巧，然后用英语一/英语二辅助练习的阅读检验一下。第三阶段：分题型练习真题（3个月）阅读20天：每天做一套真题的阅读，做完之后根据答案标记错误题型，做了10天之后，研究一下这期间自己错误最多的题型，可以花1-2天看看视频课这类题型的解题方法，剩下10天按照自己理解的方法再做阅读。新题型10天：前6天按照把（05-15年）真题的新题型做完，做完之后总结小标题和多项对应这两类题型错题原因以及解题方法，后面可以做做模拟题的新题型练手。翻译15天：前8天把（01-15）年的翻译做完，做完了总结一下自己的问题，不懂的地方可以回到长难句解析书上巩固一下，后面可以拿句句真研长难句部分练手。小作文15天/大作文20天：关于作文的复习，背任何模板都没有自己上手练的效果来得快，建议大家自己上手练习，根据答案解析的模板，整理适合自己的模板。完型10天：对于基础极差的同学完型部分千万不要放弃，只要好好准备，至少是可以拿到5-6分的，这几分就是决定你是否过线的关键。系统的把01-15年的完型填空的题拿出来做一做，总结真题中的搭配，熟词僻义以及难词生义的词语，这些搭配或者词语在历年真题中重复考查的几率很高，只要认知了大多数都能做对！完型填空得分原则：选项中极少见过的生僻字几乎不可能是正确答案，往往很多能够同义替换等简单词是正确答案的几率更大；在平时做完型的时候，要多积累词汇搭配，比如be exposure to等固定搭配，而且完型填空答案的分布基本都是4*5，最后有几个选线不能选出可以按照这种方式选；第四阶段：模拟检测这个阶段主要用历年真题当模拟题做（如果感觉自己前面复习效果不错的同学，也可以找找模拟题做）。任务一：每三天下午（14：-17：00）定时做英语一（2016-2020）的真题，包括涂答题卡，做完之后标记出真题中不认识的单词，阅读错题原因，翻译中的词组以及作文框架任务二：不做真题的第二天，英语复习时间控制在2个半小时，两天写一篇大作文，每天背真题中不熟悉的单词和词组以及作文范文中的词组；任务三：不做真题的第三天，英语复习控制在2个小时内，两天写一篇小作文，每天做真题中2-3个长难句练习以及真题中不熟悉的单词！查漏补缺

备考的童鞋们，考研英语阅读真题都做过一遍了吗？那么，你需要试一下新的阅读方式——“老干部”式看报！相信很多同学应该都知道，考研英语真题几乎都是摘自英美主流权威报刊杂志，入选的文章经常出现外国广泛关注的话题。如果你有精力在复习英语时，挤出一些阅读题源报纸的时间，培养阅读思维和语感，会在英语考试中更有把握。搜索网上关于题源刊物的归纳，主要集中在Newsweek《新闻周刊》，New York Times《纽约时报》，U.S.News and World Report《美国新闻与世界报道》，Times《时代周刊》这几本名声响当当的报纸杂志。但是，通过分析对比近几年考研阅读真题的题源，不难发现，出题人早已另有所爱。先来看看近几年都有哪些刊物向考研英语输送了真题文章。2020年英语（一）、英语（二）的阅读题文章中三篇来自The Guardian《卫报》，其余文章分别来自Newsweek《新闻周刊》、Times《时代周刊》、New York Times《纽约时报》。2019年英语（一）、英语（二）的阅读题文章中两篇来自The Christian science monitor《基督教科学箴言报》，两篇来自The Atlantic《大西洋月刊》，两篇来自网站Bloomberg“彭博网”。2018年英语（一）、英语（二）的阅读题文章中三篇来自The Christian science monitor《基督教科学箴言报》，两篇来自The Guardian《卫报》，一篇来自网站Bloomberg“彭博网”等。……小编在这里就不一一列举了，直接上干货！近八年出题人PICK最多的“选手”刊物都在这了——并附上官方网站。1.The Guardian《卫报》八年间，《卫报》一共有13篇文章被考研英语选中，足以见得，C位非它莫属，你的目光也一定要紧紧跟随C位的文章，阅读报纸的首选。2.The Christian science monitor《基督教科学箴言报》第二顺位的《基督教科学箴言报》，从2016年起，每年至少有一篇阅读文章来自这个报纸，稳定的命题率让它毫无悬念的“高位出道”。3.The Atlantic《大西洋月刊》《大西洋月刊》以其深刻的内容和优美的文字，成为题源刊物的“潜力股”。这本关于文学、政治、科学与艺术的杂志，不仅是美国最受尊敬的杂志之一，也是政治人物必读刊物。4.The Economist《经济学人》《经济学人》在题源刊物中可谓是“常青树”般的存在，过去十年，频频入选考研英语真题。这本看似是主讲经济的杂志其实是个“大杂烩”，包括政治、经济、文化、科技、历史等诸多话题。追求用最小的篇幅传达更多的信息，机智幽默的同时，又不失严肃。除此之外，有精力的同学也可以涉猎阅读《时代周刊》、《自然杂志》、《新闻周刊》、《华盛顿邮报》等刊物。考研的时间这么紧迫，看报当然也要讲究效率，不能盲目阅读。一个小技巧教会你如何筛选文章：1.挑选接近真题长度的文章，大致在3-6个段落，字数控制在400-500之间。2.挑选近三年关于经济、社会生活和文化、科技教育等话题文章。小编提醒，题源刊物一定程度上会对阅读有所帮助，但仍要根据自身情况，谨慎选择！英语基础薄弱的同学要先以历年真题为主，切不可因小失大。

在考研英语的题目中，占比最大的就是阅读理解，很多同学在阅读上十分很多，最后拖垮了整个英语成绩。对于复习考研英语，个人认为只要你能把我国的应试教育规律掌握了就可以。因为学习英语和英语考试是截然不同的，而在我们现在备考研究生考试，就是在最短的时间内取得最高的成绩，这就是我们的目的。经过对考研英语历年真题的研究来看，出题都是有一定规律的，只要你在做题时能把这些规律掌握了，最后你的成绩也不会差。平时也听到很多同学说，我把历年考研英语真题都做了好几遍了，并且把大纲词汇也背过了（如：恋练有词、何凯文1575等等都看了）我再看文章时还是看不懂，题目也读不懂，最后做完题一对答案，几乎全错，这到底是啥原因呢？我个人认为，你做了那么多的题，都没有总结过以及分析每个选项的特征，你只是为了做题而做题，希望大家能认真反思一下你自己，是不是这样子的。每道题的四个选项中，对于错误的选项，正确的答案到底有啥特点？出题人到底是如何出题的，经过对历年真题的研究和总结，发现出题人在出题时，我们在考研阅读中14个左右是可以做对的。对于考研的真题中，记叙类的文章是没有出现的，也不会考的，因为很难读懂。接下来，我们就拿真题给大家分析一下：英语一 2014年：第一篇《对英国财政打车奥斯本的失业保障计划的批评》，第二篇《对美国法律服务价格高问题的原因和措施分析》，第三篇《对目前在自然科学界出现的新兴互联网企业设立新奖项这个现象的评价》，第四篇《美国艺术与科学学院所做的增强美国国民人文素质的报告内容进行介绍，并指出其弊大于利》。英语一 2015：年第一篇 《西班牙国王的退位应使英国皇家感到恐慌》，第二篇《最高法院应该为手机隐私制定保护条例》，第三篇《科学杂志决定对论文中的数字准确性进行审查，作者介绍了各方面对这一行为的看法》，第四篇《正如窃听案件所证明的那样，我们的公众生活中的确存在道德目标确实的情况》。我们可以从这些题可以看出：这些文章有一个共同的特征：就是对一个事物加以简单得描述，或者通过描述表达某种或者某些观点、看法和态度。因此这些都可以归结为大类的议论文。而对于考研阅读来说，阅读理解就是考察我们的阅读能力，就是提取文章的有效信息的能力，所以不管阅读的题如何变化，就是看我们能不能在最短的时间内把答案找出来。也许你会发现议论文的有效信息就是通过文章所表达的观点、论点以及作者的情感和态度，这些一般都是考研出题的重点。还有不少同学也许会问，考研中细节性的东西具体是哪些？主要分为以下二点：第一：研究生是选拔性的考试，所以考试对归纳总结能力比较看中，不会考原文中出现的原话，希望大家注意转折处的出题。第二：大部分考研学子不会认真去分析历年真题，再加上受部分老师模拟题的影响。好多老师的出的题答案都是拼凑，所以建议大家英语不要做模拟题，只做真题就可以。最后对正确选项的分析，我们可以得出以下二个特征：一，表述上必须具有相对的抽象性概括性宏观性。二，表述上不能太绝对且较模糊，不能带有过于强烈的感情色彩和倾向。一个过于具体的概括不能成为论点，而一个表述上极端的论点是站不住脚的，很容易受到攻击，这是议论文的常识。阅读理解命题选项话题范围的区分。有三个选项在谈论同一类别或者范围内的话题，而第四个正确选项的话题离这个范围要远一些，这样答案出现争议的可能性就相对减小。比如:2017年英二22.which of the following contributionsto long waits at major airport?[A]New restrictions on carry-on bags新的手提行李限制[B]The declining efficiency of the TSA下降的 TSA 效率[C]An increase in the number oftravelers游客的数量增加[D]Frequent unexpected secret checks频繁的意外秘密检查【解析】[A][B][D]讨论的都是通关过程具体的事物，[C]讨论的是人的流量，话题范围明显不同。2016年 英二22. Indelivering lessons forhigh-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their____[A]experience 经历[B]interest 兴趣[C]career prospects 职业前景[D]academic backgrounds 学术背景【解析】[A][C][D]都是外部、相对客观的评价要素。[B]兴趣则相对主观，话题范围不同。2016年 英二27.Radesky’sfood-testing exercise shows that mothers’use ofdevices ______[A]takes away babies’ appetite 影响婴儿的食欲[B]distracts children’s attention 分散孩子的注意力[C]slows down babies’ verbal development减缓婴儿的言语发展[D]reces mother-child communication 减少母婴交流【解析】[A][B][C]都是立足于孩子自身进行论述，[D]论述的其他主体和孩子的关系，话题范围明显不同。最后简单介绍下阅读技巧：第一：先对文章得进行段落标记，在看阅读理解的题干，弄清5个小题的题干问的是什么，把相关的人名、段落、题干的类型什么一一留意，以便阅读的过程中做标记。第二：勾画关键词句。这里我们在第一次阅读的时候需要对题干里面出现的相关信息做简略的标记以便下一次来找这个信息的时候能够快速反应过来是这个地方。第三：翻译关机词句的意思。如果你的翻译水平比较好，可以全部翻译出来，这样与便于对全文意思的理解和对问题的判断。第四：采用跳跃式的快速阅读方式开始第一次阅读。这第一次阅读需要注意的就是题干的信息和关键词句的信息，阅读的时候伴随着对关键词句的翻译。速度一定要快。第五：开始二次阅读，也就是第二遍的精读过程，这一次你依次看问题的选项，然后立刻找到对应的文段对题目做出最准确的判断。（部分内容整理自网络，侵删）

今天（21日）上午，备受关注的2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试泄题案在湖北公安县法院开庭审理。王某某等13名被告人到庭，涉嫌犯有组织考试作弊罪、非法提供出售试题答案罪、代替考试罪等罪行。经公诉人的举证质证，辩护人的询问和辩护，13名被告人均当庭表示认罪，但对具体作案细节提出了异议。目前该案仍在审理当中。2015年11月，《刑法修正案(九)》正式实施，首次明确作弊入刑。据了解，这起案件是作弊入刑 施行以来，首次有犯罪团伙同时涉及组织考试作弊罪、非法提供出售试题答案罪、代替考试罪三项考试类罪名。2016年5月，经过历时4个月的侦办，湖北警方成功破获这起备受关注的案件。下面是这桩案件来龙去脉的回顾。2015年12月26日，研究生考试的第一天，有考生反映，就在英语考试开考前一个半小时，一份手抄的英语考题答案就已经流传在考研聊天群当中。事后经过核对，答案和考题竟完全一致。考研疑似泄题，一时间引起轩然大波。公安部网安局指定由湖北网安部门成立工作专班具体侦查，命名为部督“1560”专案。而在此之前，湖北警方就一直在对助考犯罪活动进行跟踪追查。2015年12月26日上午11时左右，抓捕组在某大学的考点，将正在利用无线电传输设备发送答案的王某波当场抓获，王某波是武汉新生机教育考试培训机构的负责人。顺着王某波的这条线索，湖北警方抓获了涉案的20多名犯罪嫌疑人。经过一个多月的审讯，掌握了河南、武汉两个团伙 从窃题、传题、解题，再到培训、组织作弊、替考的完整犯罪链条。经警方审讯得知，试题是犯罪嫌疑人罗某、李某从河南省某印刷厂窃取的。考验前夕，李某联系到在武汉从事助考犯罪活动的陈某，在郑州和武汉两地招录培训人员。2015年12月25号晚上8点，也就是考研前一天，犯罪嫌疑人 考生胡某 参加了“秘密”培训。犯罪嫌疑人 胡某：反正都是关手机，不要看四周，不要跟别人说话，不要问别人。反正外面很多人就站岗，还有放哨的，搞得很隐蔽。就在培训的现场，他给了什么东西给你的？记者：就是卷子，普通试题卷子他让你记答案还是记什么？题干和答案。你第二天考试的时候，发现这个题目跟那个考试题一模一样了吗？对，就是发了我10分钟做完了，选择题10分钟做完了，真不可思议，我说这太神奇了。2016研究生考试当天凌晨3点多钟，胡某将偷偷从培训现场带出来的考试试卷和答案通过手机发给了犯罪嫌疑人王某波，被警方截获。顺着王某波这条线索顺藤摸瓜，盘踞在湖北长期从事助考犯罪活动的团伙落网。

考研英语非常重要的一部分就是阅读，大家在掌握英语阅读技巧的情况下， 还要从历年来的考点来看看其规律性，下面带着大家盘点下近六年的考题。2018年考研阅读如下内容：第一篇：人工智能　　第二篇：媒体技能　　第三篇：数据利用　　第四篇：美国邮政2017考研阅读如下内容：第一篇：安检措施　　第二篇：选址之争　　第三篇：GDP缺陷　　第四篇：美国法律2016年阅读：第一篇：时尚立法　　第二篇：英国乡村　　第三篇：社会责任　　第四篇：媒体变革2015年阅读：第一篇：欧洲王室　　第二篇：美国法律　　第三篇：科学期刊　　第四篇：媒体道德2014年阅读：第一篇：英国福利　　第二篇：美国律师　　第三篇：科学奖励　　第四篇：自由教育2013年阅读：第一篇：快时尚业　　第二篇：数据保护　　第三篇：人类未来　　第四篇：美国法律从近六年出的内容来看， 话题考查重复率很高，相似度也很高。建议各位小伙伴把这几年的真题反复研读，大部分考点可能会重复的。

关于考研英语备考，第一步就是选资料！一本好的真题资料可以帮你的复习开个好头，所以大家都知道，真题书对于考研党来说真的很重要。近些年来，考研圈里最火的真题书就是《考研真相》和《黄皮书》，很多同学在复习前，都会纠结自己到底要选哪一本？今天学姐就来带你看看这2本真题书的区别，希望能帮到有选择纠结症的小可爱。上面是学姐对这2本真题的一个大概总结，为了让大家看得更直观些，做了这个表格，怎么样？还不错吧~（夸我！）好了，不开玩笑了，下面我们就详细来看看这2本真题书的特点：第一本：《黄皮书》（英语一）推荐指数：★★★★适用人群：《黄皮书》适合基础较好的同学，如通过英语六级的小伙伴。内容包括：试卷版（2009-2016）+精编版（2017-2020）优点：1、试卷版通过认真研读8年真题，注重培养考生的词汇、语法和长难句等基本功，主要教你把握解题思路和破解命题人思维，击破考研英语阅读、翻译、写作等各个专项题型。2、精编版利用近4年真题进行实战模拟演练，利用解析深入揣摩和研究考研英语文章的行文脉络及命题思路。对历年真题不断精读研究，教你及时查漏补缺并总结知识点，主要用于最后冲刺阶段。缺点：1、《黄皮书》的真题只有全文翻译和针对个别长难句的语篇解析，答案解析比较晦涩，有很多专业的书面语，基础不好的小伙伴看黄皮书的解析会有点难理解；2、针对一道题一个做法解析，采用的是已知正确答案套选项，所以对于基础不太好的同学来说，很容易遇到的问题是有可能你会了这道题，做下一道题还是不知道该怎么去思考，这种解题方法不具备通用性。总结：黄皮书偏重整体分析，虽然它不会挨着给你分析每句话的语法结构，只会挑两三个长难句讲，但是它会给你讲解题思路，更注重解题方法，看多了可以锻炼你的敏感度。如果你的基础较好，具备一定的语法基础和有足够的词汇量积累的话，你可以试试这本哦！第二本：《考研真相》（英语一）推荐指数：★★★★★适用人群：基础薄弱与基础好的小伙伴都可以使用，尤其推荐基础弱的同学用。内容包括：基础研读版+基础加强版（2001-2007）+高分突破版（2008-2014）+考前冲刺版（2015-2020）优点：1、针对句子看不懂，《考研真相》对每个句子都做了详细的图示解析，把复杂的句子分解为简单句，可以帮考生分清句子主干，更容易看懂长难句；2、解析部分有箭头指示非常清楚，关键信息进行了加粗，重点信息一眼就能看到；3、每一个重难点词汇都做了讲解，有真题语境，方便小伙伴们更容易理解和掌握单词的具体用法。4、配有逐句翻译+全文翻译，可满足考生的不同需要：①逐句解析不光一句一句图解语法、一句一句注释词汇，而且在英文原句后直接给出每个句子的翻译，帮助考生扫清阅读障碍、真正读懂文章。②全文翻译一方面有助于考生梳理行文思路、总结篇章结构，从整体上把握文章；一方面可以帮助考生在研究解析时，快速定位到原文，然后找到与答案出处相关的上下文内容，更快找到正确答案。缺点：鉴于《考研真相》的答案解析很详细，每个年份的题都有近100页的解析，20套真题总共差不多有近2000页的解析，整套真题略微有点厚重。不管是基础弱还是基础好的考研党都可以无压力使用《考研真相》，比如你英语四六级没过、六级500分以下、英语六级500+但做题过程中，不认识的句子超过3句的话都可以用这本，尤其是基础弱的考研小白，学姐个人更推荐你使用《考研真相》备考哦！