研究生英语一题目

第一部分：英语运用阅读下面的文本。为每个标有数字的空格选择最合适的单词，并在答题卡上标好A，B，C，或者D。即使家人们并不像从前一样坐在一起吃饭，数百万的英国人仍然惯于共度周末，享受这个国度的最伟大的传统之一：星期天烤肉。（ 1 ）一个寒冷的冬日，很少烹饪的乐趣能够（ 2 ）它。然而正如我们现在报道的，食品警察认定这（ 3 ）应该被呈现，另一有罪的快乐（ 4 ）伤害我们的健康。户外烤肉食物标准局已经（ 5 ）一个公开警告，即关于一种（ 6 ）高温烹饪的食物中产生的名为丙烯酰胺的化合物的风险。这意味着人们应该（ 7 ）发脆他们的烤土豆，摒弃薄皮披萨并且只（ 8 ）烘烤他们的面包。但是支撑如此危言耸听建议的证据在哪里呢？（ 9 ）几个研究表示丙烯酰胺会导致老鼠的神经系统损伤，没有（ 10 ）证据表明它会导致人类癌症。科学家们说，这种化合物是（ 11 ）致癌的，但是没有确凿的科学证据。（ 12 ）预防原则，可以说遵循食物标准局的建议是（ 13 ）。（ 14 ），吸烟致癌曾经多年是谣言直到证明那是（ 15 ）的证据被找到。丙烯酰胺无疑，在周日一片煮牛肉总是可以（ 16 ）上，与一些清蒸蔬菜一起，没有约克郡布丁和葡萄酒。但是这样的人生值得过吗？（ 17 ）食物标准局说，这不是让人们把烤食品切出（18 ）而是减少他们的终生摄入。然而它的（ 19 ）风险作为一个讲道词和保姆的杂交出现。持续的健康恐慌只会（ 20 ）没一个人倾听。A、in在……里 B、towards向…… C、on在……上 D、till直到A、match匹配 B、express表达 C、satisfy满足 D、influence影响A、patience耐心 B、enjoyment享受 C、surprise惊喜 D、concern担忧A、intensified变本加厉地 B、privileged享有特权的C、compelled迫使 D、guaranted保证的，肯定的5. A、 issued 发布 B、received收到 C、ignored忽略 D、canceled删除6. A、under在……下 B、at在……方面 C、for为了 D、by用，被7. A、forget忘记 B、regret后悔 C、finish完成 D、avoid避免8. A、partially部分地 B、regularly规律地 C、easily容易地 D、initially最初9. A、Unless除非 B、Since因为 C、If如果 D、While然而10. A、secondary其次 B、external外部的C、conclusive最后的 D、negative消极的11. A、insufficient不够的 B、bound必定的C、likely可能的 D、slow缓慢的12. A、On the basis of 基于 B、At the cost of 以……成本C、 In addition to 另外 D、 In contrast to 与……相反13. A、interesting有趣的 B、advisable明智的C、urgent紧迫的 D、fortunate幸运的14. A、As usual如往常一样 B、In particular尤其C、By definition显然地 D、After all毕竟15. A、resemblance相似 B、combination组合C、connection联系 D、pattern模式16. A、made做 B、served服务 C、saved储存 D、used使用17. A、To be fair公平地说 B、For instance比如说C、To be brief简单来说 D、In general一般来说18. A、reluctantly勉强地 B、entirely完全地C、graally逐渐地 D、carefully小心地19. A、promise承诺 B、experience经验C、campaign运动 D、competition比赛20. A、follow up追踪 B、pick up捡起 C、open up打开 D、end up结束

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2019年12月21日下午17时，2020届考生结束了备受关注的英语学科考研，为过去一年甚或更久的辛苦“备战”画上了圆满的句号，着实令人振奋。众所周知，作文作为考研英语五大题型的核心题型之一，一直是考生备考的重点难点，也是议论的热点，那么笔者就以刚刚结束的考研英语一大作文为例，共同揭开大作文的“神秘面纱”，同时也为2021届考生的备考提供方向指南，以期有的放矢，斩获高分。2020考研英语一真题如下：Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below. In your essay, you should1) describe the picture briefly,2) interpret the implied meaning, and3) give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)写作分析1. 考题形式：图画作文图画作文在形式上延续过去十余年，范围上属于大纲明确范围，一直是英语一大作文考生备考的重点，具体而言，考查形式为双图题，虽然和2018，2019的不同，但考研的历史上，最早可以追溯到2003，近几年比如2016，2017出的也是双图题，因此就形式而言难度不大；2. 话题范围： 习惯，自律，时间管理，效率，防范拖延，行动等相关主题就话题范围而言，依然考的是历年真题考频最高的个人修养类，相关话题在历届考研真题中可以说屡见不鲜，如2008 “合作”；2012 “乐观”；2014“孝顺”，2017—“实践”等。同时，北京文都在考前押题班等多次课程中反复强调个人品质类为热点话题，需重点关注。话题内容并不生疏，难度偏易；3. 具体撰写：宏观角度---布局谋篇首段为图画描述段，可用两到三个长句子具体描述图画内容，注意双图题必须两幅图都要描述到位，不能有遗漏，但可以在具体写作时就其中某一幅图有所侧重；主体段为围绕主题的具体论述，可从意义分析或原因分析等多维角度进行论述；尾段为总结段，正面话题可从：总结上文、回应主题、提出希望三个方面作结。微观角度---遣词造句1）词汇、句法：考研英语作为英语阶段的高级测试，对词和句的要求要远远高于四六级等等级测试。从词汇角度来说，要注意少用或不用被历届学生用俗套的词，而多用一些熟词的生僻含义或“高大上”的词汇，于细微处彰显写作功底；从句法角度来说，句子结构的丰富多样性直接与得分正相关，因而要多运用句式解构复杂的句子，比如复合句（名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句）、特殊句型（倒装句、强调句、there be句型）、独立主格、非谓语动词等，以体现自己在句意表达上的优势所在。2）避免常见错误：具体用词上，注意基本语法错误，如名词单复数：动词的时态语态：被动语态的-ed形式，形近词混用等问题；构句上，英语与汉语不同，为形合语言，这就要求考生在写作时不仅要关注内容的契合，也要对前后句形式上的相合，也就是，如前后句语义关系密切，要有意识地使用关联词、分词等形式把二者紧密结合起来，以使行文鲜活生动，助力高分作文。

小编在第一时间更新考研英语的作文试题题目，现在是粗糙的版本，后续会更新完整的英语一和英语二的试题答案解析内容。下面给大家整理英语一、英语二大小作文的真题内容。英语一大小作文真题题目（网友回忆版）题目是大概的内容，具体文字等内容后续更新。小作文：我为＂ Aiding Rural Primary School＂工作，一个国际志愿者有 require，我 answer。要求写出我那个 project 的细节，署名 Li Ming大作文：俩人爬山，一个人坐下说太累了不爬了，另一个人边爬边递水给另一个人瓶水，说休息一下接着爬英语二大小作文真题题目（不完整版，可参考）Part ADirections: Suppose professor Smith ask you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic, write an email to him1)Suggest a topic and with your reasons,2) And your arangementYou should write about 700 words on the ANSWER SHEETDon' t use your own name, use"Zhang Wei instead. Don t write your address. (10 points)Part BDirections Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should interpret the chart, and give yourcommentsYou should write about I50 wordsneatly on the ANSWER SHEET(15 points）另附上网友发出来的部分英语一的部分参考答案：据网友回忆，考研英语一阅读排序题参考答案为DABGE；据网友回忆，英语一阅读参考答案如下：21 A enhance banker's sense of responsibility22 D "short-termism" in economic activities23 B adverse24 C the approaches to promoting "long-termism"25 B patience as a corporate virture26 D The change of course catologs27 C To help freshmen adapt to college learning28 D obtain more financial support29 B To complement each other30 C analyzing the causes behind it31 D involves some concerns raised by AI today32 A is too limited for us to reproce it33 C is still beyond our capacity34 B affirmation35 B Frankenstein, the Novel predicting the Age of AI36 C make more online shopper pay sale tax37 B were considered unfavorable by states38 harmed fiar market competition39 Big chain owners40 gives a factual account of it and discuss its consequences好了，还是那一句，别急着对答案，考后的休息是十分重要的，小编在这里预祝大家第二天的考试顺利~

英语真题要从最早的年份做起。我是19考研，当时英语一的真题是从97-18，我就把从97年开始的真题挨个做了一遍。不过新版的真题年份会有变化，我特意找来，下面就结合21版的真题书说说英语真题从哪做，怎么做。我用的真题书是《考研真相》，这本是我考研的时候一直用的，相比较其他书只是分析讲解长难句，这本每个句子都有讲解，我考的时候是文字讲解那种，新版的是句句图解，会更好用。新版真题书分成三部分：基础加强版（2001-2007）：共7套高分突破版（2008-2014）：共7套考前冲刺版（2015-2020）：共6套顺着年份做就可以。复习时间和任务安排3月-6月：做基础加强版，只做4篇常规阅读这段时间还在上课，有些小伙伴可能还要实习，估计也没有太多时间复习考研，所以任务不太重，尽量保证一周做1-2篇，做完之后仔细分析文章。如果时间多，做的快，那就再刷第二遍。7月-8月：做高分突破版，还是只做4篇阅读暑假开始复习时间就比较多啦，可以保证一天一篇，做完且分析。可以把高分突破版做2遍，做不完可以留到开学继续做。9月-10月：依旧做高分突破版，其他题型除作文外也加入复习再把这7套真题阅读刷一遍，完型，新题型，翻译可以每天做一套，也可以按照题型专项训练。11月-12月：做考前冲刺版，准备作文先整理作文模板，心里有大致的写作思路，然后把之前真题的作文部分挨着练一遍。考研冲刺版要严格按照考试时间做，每道题都在规定时间内完成。合理安排做题时间，在保证效率的同时提高正确率。做完对照答案估计自己客观题的分数，基本跟最后考试的分数相差不大。一周做一套就可以，做完认真分析每道题，查缺补漏。说明：1基础版的真题因为时间太远，不管是命题思路还是解题方法跟现在的差别都比较大，所以复习重点要放在学语法，背单词，补基础上。2高分突破版的真题比较有价值，不光要分析文章也要研究题目。3考研冲刺版一定留到最后做模考，如果觉得6套太多，留3套也可以。每年都有很多人一口气把真题刷干净了，最后几天没题可做，也不知道自己复习到什么程度，一脸懵逼的上考场，一脸懵逼的考砸。真题书怎么用？我直接根据自己之前的复习方法和新版的真题书说下使用方法。新版的《考研真相》有3个部分组成：仿真排版的试题，试题解析册，逐句精讲册（改版后新加的）。所以做真题可以从以下3步着手：第一步：做真题1直接用仿真排版的真题，一篇阅读建议18分钟内做完。考试能分到每篇阅读的时间就是这么多，一开始就卡着时间做，这样后面就不用担心做不完。2做的时候尽量用铅笔，或者拿一张白纸，标清题号，把答案写在上面。3做题的时候先题后文，先用1-2分钟浏览题目，注意题目中的定位信息，然后回原文找定位段，一般出题顺序跟行文顺序是一致的。然后开始做题，严格在定位段内找答案，看一道题目读对应的原文，这样可以降低其他段落对题目的干扰。做完题花1-2分钟检查浏览，看有没有答案需要调整。4做题的时候不认识的单词可以标注出来。第二步：分析文章1拿出逐句精讲册，按照上面的图解分析梳理每个句子。我看了下，这个图解很有条理，比如一个句子的主干是什么，一级修饰是什么，二级修饰是什么，这样一拆分再看中文翻译就很清楚，看多了你会发现有些修饰成分对句子大意没啥影响，就是为了增加长度，下次自己分析就可以直接删掉。有时间的话可以自己先拆分图解，翻译，然后对照解析，没时间就直接看书上的。2然后把文章里不会的单词都查出来，这个逐句册里也有标注，而且还区分了重要程度。把标注的掌握了，剩下的即便不认识对理解文章影响也不大，尽量减少记忆量嘛。如果有的单词你确实不认识，少了它句子大意也理解不明白，那还是建议查一下。3在理解文章基础上尝试总结一下每段的主要内容，重点关注这几个问题：①这段讲什么②跟上下段有什么关系③传达出的感情色彩是正面的还是负面的④这个情感倾向是作者本人的还是作者的举例。第三步：分析题目1终于要用试题解析册啦，新版的解析是表格形式的，我超爱这种条理清楚的解题方法。主要是用两种路径找到答案，如果正向从题目找不出来，那就反着从选项入手，一一排除。根据我的经验，排除干扰项的方法比较快，准确率也高，可以直接用这个。2顺着书上的解析分析每个选项为什么对，为什么错。正确选项在原文哪里，是直接的原文重现，还是稍加改写，还是改动比较大，大部分是稍加改写。错误选项是怎么设置的，是无中生有，还是原文各种信息的拼凑，或者是加了反义词，这几个是比较常见的干扰项设置方法。多总结，就会发现，套路就那么几种。不管什么时候做真题都按照这样的流程，时间可能比较久，开始做也不容易，可能光分析文章就要花一下午，这就是为啥真题要刷3遍。最后说一下考试的时间安排和做题顺序，可参考1.大小作文：50分钟，其中大作文30分钟，小作文20分钟，不要养成打草稿的习惯，因为没有时间，字不好看的现在就开始练。2.阅读：1小时，每篇15分钟。3.新题型：10分钟4.翻译：30分钟5.完型：15分钟剩下的15分钟检查答题卡，不确定的答案再斟酌。关于考研英语真题怎么做，什么时候做都分享在这里啦，祝大家考研成功！

小白答疑　哈喽，小小白们好久不见，小白答疑回归啦~在这里，我们会从大家的留言中筛选一些典型问题进行详细的解答，帮助大家披荆斩棘，关关难过关关过！Q&A英语真题记住答案了怎么办？发表于1天前小白考研小白，二战准备考英二，但是大家都说要先把英语一的真题做一下，去年考的就是英一，真题做了两三遍 印象都挺深的，怎么办呀？虽然我们一直强调英语真题要反复刷，多次刷，但是要注意哦，我们刷的可不只是答案。刷过一遍之后，对文章大意、正确答案都有印象是不可避免的，大家也不需要担心。因为一般来说，刷真题会经历以下几个阶段：第一阶段：对真题中的每篇文章都有认真去做，并对其中的生僻单词等进行查阅整理，且每天做到有效回顾；对文章中每个句子的句子成分进行分析、拆分以及能对文章进行基础的翻译，理解文章所表达的含义。第二阶段：根据真题解析对每个错题以及题目的错误选项已经进行深入的分析，清楚为什么错，错在哪，并能在一定时间内于原文中找到判断依据。第三阶段：能迅速确认每道题目中每个选项所对应的原文内容，敏锐地识破选项中的陷阱，且能举一反三，迅速联想到相同或者类似的陷阱存在于哪些题目中；对自身的易错题型有清楚的认知，并能进行针对性的训练。第四阶段：能对任意抽取的文章进行准确流畅的翻译，可以站在出题人的角度进行答题，可以流畅使用文章中的各种句式进行独立写作。第五阶段：英语真题根本不足以自己的饕餮胃口，充其量只是学习英语的补充工具，除此之外会广泛涉猎其他英文资料。所以说，真题二刷、三刷甚至更多次重刷的重点可不只是选出正确答案那么简单，而更应该是给出选择这个选项的逻辑理由、把自己的思路向出题人靠拢、以及对自己各项英语能力的培养。即便是记住了点文章大意，也一定要一步一个脚印的重新思考解题过程，慢慢打怪升级，向第五阶段迈进。一般的，大家若是能进行到第三、四阶段已经足以应对考试且拿到不错的分数了，但小白觉得我们学英语不应该只包含应试这种功利性色彩，也该有提高自英语能力的这种诗和远方。那么问题来了，自评一下你到达什么阶段了？若还没有到达高处不胜寒的境界，那还纠结什么新鲜劲，乖乖刷题去吧！fighting！如果大家想了解什么或者有什么问题，都可以留言给我们，小白都会努力回复大家的哟~

问题：考研英语真题谁的好用？考研真相or黄皮书？这题我觉得我还挺适合的，因为我是二战。第一次用的张剑的黄皮书，第二次用的《考研真相》。以前觉得二战丢人，现在觉得没啥，因为我考上了哈哈哈。其实二战压力挺大的。因为我身边真的没有那种考研失败的，要么直接就考上了，要么早早就找好了工作，想哭都找不到人。考研失利后，我也尝试过找工作，但像我这种二本院校、专业一般、性格内向的，确实很难在高校云集的西安找到合适的工作。别人一听，本科生？给你3000算高的。之后我干了1个多月教小学生语文的工作。工作地方远，一月只能拿2000多，我还招架不了那些小孩，一个比一个皮。没办法，及时止损，递了辞呈，教完小孩的最后一批课程，我就正式开始我的二战之路了，想通过提升学历来提升工资待遇。————————————开启二战———————————首先当然是选资料了，你问考研英语真题谁的好用？就只说说你关注的英语。单词书我沿用了之前的，但是真题被我画得乱七八糟的，所以只能重买一本了。原先用的是张剑黄皮书，其实整体问题也不大，但我想换本新的，重新开始，就也是在知乎上看人推荐了《考研真相》，所以就买了。下面我从我印象比较深刻的几个方面，给你对比一下这两本真题书，只是我的个人使用感受啊，不喜勿喷。1、考研英语真题谁的好用？——从解析的详细程度上个人观点，在答案的详细程度上，《考研真相》更胜一筹。像我之前用黄皮书时，它里面的句子就是挑着讲的，讲的也确实都是难理解的句子。但是有些黄皮书认为简单的句子，对我这种基础差的，还是有一定挑战性的。但是《考研真相》对英语渣就比较友好了，它是每个句子都有解析，长难句还有图解，重点单词也单独注释。我觉得更适合基础弱的考研党，那些英语特别好的同学，可能会觉得有点儿鸡肋。p.s.黄皮书大学毕业寄书那次就丢了，占地方，也破了没法再用了。所以现在没有照片，大家谅解一下哈。2、考研英语真题谁的好用？——从文章结构的整体把控上这点黄皮书做得更好。黄皮书比较看重阅读的整体理解，它不会像《考研真相》那样，给你一句句分析句子结构，而更重视文章结构解题思路。看了黄皮书的解析，你能很好地把控句子之间的联系和上下文结构关系。简单来说，就是你在基本理解文意的基础上，黄皮书会教你做题套路。你要是英语基础比较好，可以考虑黄皮书。英语渣就算了，因为你连文章啥意思都没看懂，做题套路摆在你面前你也不会用。3、考研英语真题谁的好用？——从作文范文和后续练习来看我觉得《考研真相》和黄皮书各有千秋。平时练真题，对我来说，最难的一是阅读，二就是作文了。所以我比较关注作文。从给的范文来看，《考研真相》更有亮点，因为它会给2篇范文，一个是比较简单的经典模板，另一个是升级了单词、句式表达的创新范文。方便后期复习时拔高用。再从后续练习看，《黄皮书》后面有自己布置练习，还是参考真题风格来的，有一定的押题可能，你要是复习时间比较多，可以试着练练。→关于考研英语真题谁的好用？，总结一下：《考研真相》更适合基础弱的考研党用。啥叫基础弱，比如你四六级低分过/考了好几次才过、拿到一篇阅读，一半以上的内容都看不懂……《黄皮书》更适合基础比较好的。就是基本能看懂文章，做题时长难句不是阻碍，能看懂文章但就是做不对题，这样的话，你就很适合黄皮书了。上面的分析可能不是很全面，但都是我的亲身感受。你也可以借学长学姐的黄皮书和《考研真相》，自己比较比较。选到适合自己的资料，也有事半功倍的效果哦。————————————回忆结束———————————其实研究生工资可能比本科生也高不了很多，但是二战带给我的，不仅是一个研究生学历，更是重新再来的勇气、不断反思总结自己的自省能力。最关键是，弥补了我高考以及一战时的遗憾。人生很长，希望你有不断追求自己所要的勇气和坚持，老学姐祝你考研成功，离自己想要的生活越来越近，加油！

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. 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