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1992年考研英语阅读理解全文翻译和答案—本文介绍驾驶员不良行为爱作战

1992年考研英语阅读理解全文翻译和答案—本文介绍驾驶员不良行为

It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. 我们可以谴责交通阻塞、汽油价格、以及现代生活的快节奏,但马路礼貌确实越来越糟糕。Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter altogether.所有的人都知道:即便脾气最好的人在车里也会变成怪兽。老虎在油箱里还好说,可老虎若坐在驾驶员的位置上就完全是另一回事了。You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motoristis the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers” campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.你也许能够容忍在马路上横冲直闯的司机、粗鲁且不体谅人的司机,但现今文明驾驶的司机却实属罕见。(可能这需要发起一场“对其他司机友善”的运动,否则,情形会完全失控)。第二段:Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior.马路文明不仅是一种礼貌行为,还是一种良好的意识。司机需要非常冷静的头脑和好脾气才能在碰到不文明行为时克制住自己不进行报复。On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring.另一方面,些许文明行为十分有助于缓解驾车时的紧张情绪。A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions.一个友好的颔首、感谢对方礼貌行为的一个轻轻的挥手有助于形成友好宽容的氛围,But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.而这在当前的交通条件下是非常必要的。但现在,这种对礼貌表示认可的行为非常罕见。现今很多司机即使见到礼貌行为也似乎视若惘然。第三段:However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway;但是,误用礼貌同样危险。典型的事例为:司机为了让过从边路上突然出现的车而采取急刹车,却对后面的交通造成了危险。(而若不出现这种情况),本来只需几秒钟的等待,道路就会畅通无阻;or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to.或者,有人会为一个穿过斑马线的孩子让路,示意其进入行车道,但随后驶来的车辆却无法及时停车。同样,鼓励老太太随时随地横穿马路的行为也是如此。It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.我经常感到奇怪:高速公路上居然没有屡屡出现这些老太太被撞死的交通事故。第四段:A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper.一位行为无可挑剔的老司机曾告诉我:在不引起交通阻塞,从而惹怒其他司机的前提下,司机们学会逐个插入车流有助于缓解交通。Unfortunately, modern motorists can’t even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of boatmanship.但现代的驾驶员甚至不会学如何驾车,更别说掌握公路驾车技能的微妙之处了。Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.多年前专家就曾警告我们:汽车拥有量的突增要求所有马路使用者的互谅互让。现在是我们该把这项警告铭记于心的时候了。14. According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused by.[A] people’s attitude towards the road-hog[B] the rhythm of modern life[C] the behavior of the driver[D] traffic conditions[分析] 本题考核知识点:第一段主旨题。第一段第二句至段末的内容指出:好人一旦驾车也可能成为伤人的妖怪;过分大胆的司机(tiger)会造成很大的麻烦;鉴于文明驾车的司机太少的现状,为了不至于情况完全失控,有必要发起名为“对其他司机好点”的运动。这说明,形成道路问题的主要原因是司机的行为。 另外,本文其余部分全部是围绕“司机如何正确运用礼貌(politeness),以减少道路问题”进行讨论。所以,[C]为正确选项。误选[A]是因为没有正确理解You might tolerate…rule,本句旨在说明:文明驾驶的司机并不常见;而并非说明人们对于鲁莽司机的态度。[B]、 [D]舍本逐末:文章第一段提到现代生活的节奏和交通状况是为了引出道路问题的主要原因──司机的行为。15. The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog... the rule.” (Para. 1) implies that.[A] our society is unjust towards well-mannered motorists[B] rude drivers can be met only occasionally[C] the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hog[D] nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists[分析] 本题考核知识点:根据上下文理解句意。本句大意:你可以容忍古怪、粗鲁、不体谅人的司机,但现今文明驾驶的司机却实属罕见。exception to the rule 意为“例外”。[D] 是the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule的改写,表达相同的意思,所以为正确选项。[B]与事实相反。[A]、[C]文中未提及。16. By “good sense,” the writer means.[A] the driver’s ability to understand and react reasonably[B] the driver’s prompt response to difficult and severe conditions[C] the driver’s tolerance of rude or even savage behavior[D] the driver’s acknowledgement of politeness and regulations[分析] 本题考核知识点:根据上下文理解短语。根据题干关键词good sense锁定第二段第一句。由于该句是段落主题句,所以对它的理解必然基于对本段内容的把握。本段第一句指出:马路文明不仅是good manners,还是good sense。下文开始对good sense进行具体阐述。第二句说明如何对待他人不礼貌的行为:克制住自己不进行报复;第三句到段末说明如何对待他人的礼貌行为:表示理解并做出认可的反应。所以,[A]是这两方面内容的概括。[C]和[D]都只涉及一个方面的内容,不全面,[B]中“困难且严峻的条件”太笼统,“快速反应”在该段也没有提到。17. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion,.[A] road users should make more sacrifice[B] drivers should be ready to yield to each other[C] drivers should have more communication among themselves[D] drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others[分析]:本题考核知识点:细节题。根据题干中出现的关键词Experts,car-ownership explosion锁定全文倒数第二句。对本题进行判断的主要依据来自于对短语give-and-take 的理解。考生根据本合成词的构成很容易猜测出give-and-take 意为:互相让步,互相迁就(make mutual concessions),[B]中的yield to each other即为此意,所以为正确选项。18. In the writer’s opinion,.[A] strict traffic regulations are badly needed[B] drivers should apply road politeness properly[C] rude drivers should be punished[D] drivers should avoid traffic jams[分析] 本题考核知识点:作者观点题。理解作者的观点需要纵观全文。本文第二段说明司机应该礼貌驾驶并对同行的礼貌行为做出合理反应。第三段说明司机误用礼貌(misplaced politeness ) 同样危险。所以,本文是从正反两方面分析了politeness对减少道路问题的作用。properly对于作者的观点最具有概括力,所以[B]为正确选项。本文并没有从利用交通法规减少交通问题方面进行讨论,所以[A]非本文论述内容。本文也没有提及对野蛮司机的惩罚,所以[C]非正确选项。文章只在开头作为马路问题产生原因之一提及traffic jam,而并没有提到司机应该避免交通高峰以减少交通问题,所以[D]非正确选项。

李四光

河北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及教材——才聪学习网

词语翻译1.1大纲要求翻译硕士专业学位教育指导委员会在《翻译硕士专业学位研究生指导性培养方案》中指出,MTI教育的目标是培养高层次、应用型、专业性口笔译人才。MTI教育重视实践环节,强调翻译实践能力的培养。全日制MTI的招生对象为具有国民教育序列大学本科学历(或本科同等学力)人员,具有良好的双语基础。根据《翻译硕士专业学位研究生指导性培养方案》,制定翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试大纲。该大纲是各学校自行命题的重要参考依据,对于考生备考有重要的指导意义。1考试要求要求考生准确翻译中英文术语或专有名词。2题型要求考生较为准确地写出题中的30个汉/英术语、缩略语或专有名词的对应目的语。汉/英文各15个,每个1分,总分30分。考试时间为60分钟。1.2应试指南通过对各高校翻译硕士《357英语翻译基础》真题的归纳分析,我们可大致看出,词语翻译这部分所涉及词汇的领域主要有政治、学术、社会、文化、经济、环境、科学等方面,内容涵盖面非常广。政治性词汇主要集中在对国际或国内政治机构、组织、协会、会议、著名事件以及项目等的考察。比如广东外语外贸大学曾考到“CPPCC”“UNESCO”“ASEM”“China-ASEAN Expo”“全国人民代表大会”“外交部”“中国证监会”“廉政公署”8个该类词组,中山大学考题考查过“全国人民代表”“哥本哈根计划”“金砖五国”“东南亚国家联盟”“Universal Suffrage”“Bilateralism”“Air Force One”“Kyoto Protocol”“Air Defense Identification Zone”“Occupy Central”“Liaison Office”等12个政治方面术语和名称的翻译,同时,这也是其他学校必考项之一,因此考生应重点掌握。学术类词汇主要涉及翻译领域,分别是翻译理论和语言学知识。考生应该在理解理论和知识的基础上对重点术语加强记忆。这部分知识考察的重点程度因学校而异,根据分析,理工类学校的英语专业比较重视这两类知识的考察,如北京航空航天大学超过三分之二的词汇翻译都集中在翻译和语言学术语,而综合性和文科类学校则对学术类词汇着墨较少。社会类词汇指跟公民生活或社会发展相关的词汇,包括人权、社会政策、医疗卫生、媒体网络等方面。如北京外国语大学考到的“比特币”“狗仔队”“富二代”“互联互通”“量化宽松政策”“埃博拉病毒”“地沟油”“真人秀”和“逆袭”,中南大学考到的“建设节约型社会”“公益性文化事业”“自主创业”,都属于这一类。对付这类词汇,要求考生切实关注关系到国计民生的各项新闻和政策,了解社会的发展趋势。了解这些社会问题的一个很好的途径是通过英文版报纸和杂志,如《中国日报》等,这些报纸是中国传达其政策信息的窗口,社会新词一般都会首先通过这些媒体出现,把握好这些窗口,也就把握到了社会类词汇的源头。文化类词汇指与中国或外国文化中特有的词汇,如历史知识、习语、成语、书籍名称和节日等。如厦门大学“不入虎穴,焉得虎子。”“物以类聚,人以群分。”“An Irish Goodbye”“to bring the house down”“up in the air”等的翻译,广东外语外贸大学出现了“佛经翻译”,其中中国传统文化词语的出现,提醒我们在学习西方文化的同时,也要加强对中国古典文化的掌握。经济、环境、科学类词汇出现的频率也比较高,通常占到这部分不少于10%的分值。这些词汇的积累可以通过阅读政府文件或报纸等。需要注意的是,在词汇翻译这部分,大多数院校出题形式是词语的英汉互译,但个别院校除此之外,还会有其他的要求,比如对外经济贸易大学词语英汉互译试题中,考生不仅要进行词汇翻译,而且需要使用规定的语言给出该词的简单定义。例如英译汉词汇题题干中给出了added value tax,那么答题时,首先需要给出翻译:增值税。其次,应该用中文给出增值税的简单定义:增值税是对商品生产、流通、劳务服务中多个环节的新增价值或商品的附加值征收的一种流转税。增值税实行价外税,也就是由消费者负担,有增值才征税,没增值不征税。该类题型的出现提醒考生在备考时,一定要密切关注所报考院校的招生简章和学校发布的样题或者回忆版真题等,弄清楚最新出题形式。考生在备考词汇翻译的过程中,可以从三方面入手:一、关注政府文件,尤其是每年的政府工作报告、最近一届的人民代表大会报告以及关于时下热点问题的报告等,这些报告往往能够涵盖关于政治、经济、文化、社会、环境等方面的绝大部分术语和专有名词等;二、时政、经贸以及社科类新词往往是考试中必考的重点,平时多阅读报刊、杂志,如《中国日报》、《环球时报》等,特别是时政、经贸和社科板块,并在阅读过程中注意积累和记忆这些类型的词汇,将会对考试有很大帮助;三、对于语言学、文学、翻译理论等特定领域相关的术语,广大考生要夯实英语专业基础,切实理解和掌握语言学、文学以及翻译的基本理论。翻译概述一、请将下列各句译成汉语1. Considering its lack of training, our team has acquitted itself well.【译文】鉴于我们队缺乏训练,其表现已经不错了。2. He would be quite a likeable fellow if only he wouldn’t act the goat so much.【译文】只要他不搞恶作剧,就是一个讨人喜欢的小伙子。3. The management instituted a system of consultation with the staff so that any grievances might be aired.【译文】管理部门建立了与职工协商的制度,不管有何不平,均可言明。4. We didn’t take his expression of interest in our ideas too seriously, for we suspected he was merely angling for praise.【译文】尽管他说对我们的想法颇感兴趣,我们却不能太当真,因为我们怀疑他仅仅是沽名钓誉。5. He wouldn’t have done it of his own will, but he was argued into it by his wife.【译文】若不是妻子说服了他,他是不会自愿做的。6. Wherever she went she was attended on by a large number of followers and servants.【译文】不管她走到哪里,随从和佣人都是前呼后拥。7. You never realize how fortunate you are to have good health until it is suddenly brought home to you by the sight of suffering.【译文】除非你突然亲眼目睹体弱多病之苦,不然,你不会认识到有一个健康的身体是何等有幸。8. The amount which is brought in by the rents of those few cottages is almost negligible when income tax and the cost of repairs are dected.【译文】扣除收入所得税和房舍修缮费,这几间小别墅的租金收入几乎是微不足道。9. He was strolling aimlessly along the street, when he was suddenly brought up by a notice in a shop window.【译文】他在大街上毫无目的地漫步时,忽然被商店橱窗上的一则告示吸引住了。10. The magistrate brushed aside the suggestion that the policeman might have been mistaken about the speed at which the car was going.【译文】有人提出可能是警察搞错了那辆轿车行驶的速度,法官对此没有理会。11. His kidnappers threatened to bump him off if he did not tell them where the secret papers were hidden.【译文】绑架者扬言要结果了他,如果他不告诉他们秘密文件藏在哪里的话。12. He burned his fingers badly, though we warned him against it. He lost nearly all his money he had invested.【译文】他吃尽了鲁莽的苦头,尽管我们告诫过他。他投进的钱几乎都赔上了。13. He is the kind of person who will always butter up those who he thinks can be of any use to him.【译文】他是这样一种人,总是巴结他认为对自己有用的人。14. Philip tried to get me interested in a scheme for procing a new synthetic fibre, but I wasn’t buying it.【译文】菲利普力图使我对生产新合成纤维的计划产生兴趣,但是我未上他的当。15. It is time the nations of the world called a halt to the manufacture of nuclear weapons.【译文】现在是世界各国停止制造核武器的时候了。16. As soon as the proprietor’s attention was called to the dangerous state of the staircase, he promised to have it repaired.【译文】人们提醒房东注意楼梯的危险状况,房东即刻答应修一修。17. After I had told my story, someone else capped it with one that set the table in a roar.【译文】我讲了一个故事,接着,另外一个人讲了一个更盖帽的,引得哄堂大笑。18. He will end in the bankruptcy court at the rate he is carrying on.【译文】照他这样干下去,他终将出现在破产法庭上。19. Roy, a college graate, makes it his mission to save the endangered owls and begins to team up with a number of【译文】罗伊是位大学毕业生。他以拯救濒危猫头鹰为使命,并为此开始与一批有实践经验的青年牵手。20. My father and I have never seen eye to eye where business is concerned.【译文】在生意问题上,我和父亲从未有过共识。21. He always insisted that we know our jobs in the most minute detail, which is really a necessary basic characteristic of good divers.【译文】他总是要求我们了解自己工作的琐细末节,因为这是一个优秀的潜水员必要的条件。22. He always looked into my eyes, and he never smiled. I was saturated with cold sweat.【译文】他老是注视着我的眼睛,没有一丝笑意,令我浑身上下冷汗涔涔。23. A burgeoning economy with relatively low unemployment rates—at least in the 1960’s and early 1970’s—attenuated what could have been a continuing and bitter racial struggle for scarce jobs.【译文】一个迅速发展的经济加上相对低的失业率,缓解了为抢饭碗而可能演变成持续激烈的种族斗争,至少在20世纪60年代和70年代初期是如此。24. Piled on a table were departmental funding requests that amounted to more than half again as much as money would be available.【译文】桌子上堆满了各部门的经费要求报告,总金额比可能提供的款额多一半以上。25. It is gratifying to discover the great interest which foreign leaders displayed in having the governor of an American state in their country.【译文】我们高兴地看到,一些外国领导人对一位美国州长访问他们的国家深感兴趣。26. My investments in that company can no longer be reckoned on as a source of income.麻烦大家关注+点赞!!谢谢考研真题、考资格证、考试题库就选才聪学习网!

凤凰镇

1999年考研英语完形填空全文翻译和答案—本文围绕安全生产来论证

原文:Instrial safety does not just happen. Companies 1 low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them 2 and active. When the work is well done, a 3 of accident free operations is established 4 time lost e to injuries is kept at a minimum.Successful safety programs may 5 greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by 6 rules or regulations. 7 others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety 8 . The fewer the injury 9 , the better the workman’s insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at 10 or at a loss.1.[A] at [B] in [C] on [D] with2.[A] alive [B] vivid [C] mobile [D] diverse3.[A] regulation [B] climate [C] circumstance [D] requirement4.[A] where [B] how [C] what [D] unless5.[A] alter [B] differ [C] shift [D] distinguish6.[A] constituting [B] aggravating [C] observing[D] justifying7.[A] Some [B] Many [C] Even [D] Still8.[A] comes off [B] turns up [C] pays off [D] holds up9.[A] claims [B] reports [C] declarations[D] proclamations10.[A] an advantage [B] a benefit [C] an interest[D] a profit答案:DABAB CDCAD全文翻译:安全生产并不是偶然事件:事故发生率低的公司制定自己的安全计划,努力付诸实施,并且不断使之发挥持久效力。如果这项工作做得好,就会建立一个无事故的工作氛围。在这种环境里,因工伤损失的时间会被保持在最低限度。成功的安全计划强调的重点可能大不相同。有些计划强调机械防护。另一些强调通过遵守规章制度来实施安全作业。还有一些靠的是对工人的感情投入。但是,要获得最好的效果,每一个计划当中都会遵循某些基本的思想。安全计划的价值不容置疑。单从财政的角度来说,安全计划花钱值得。工伤索赔越少,工人的保险率也就越高。这可能就决定着工厂的运营是盈利还是亏损。

三号而出

1993年考研英语翻译题型全文翻译—科学家的与常人的思维活动差异

The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式,也就是对一切现象进行思索并给以精确而严谨解释的表达方式。There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights.他们之间没有其他差别,不过是科学家的思维操作模式与正常人的思维操作模式之间的一样,这种差别有如面包师或卖肉者用普通磅秤称他们物品的重量的操作方法与化学家用天平以及精确度量的重量单位进行一个困难且复杂的分析之间的不同。It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.这并不是说面包师或卖肉者所用的磅秤和化学家所用的天平的构造原理或工作方式上存在差别,而是说与前者相比,后者是一种更精密的装置,因而在计量上必然更准确。You will understand this better, perhaps, if I give you some familiar examples.如果我给你一些熟悉的例子,或许,你可以更好地理解这点差异。Youhave all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of inction (归纳法) and dection,that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Naturecertain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they builp their theories.你们都多次听说过,科学家是用归纳法和演绎法工作的,他们用这些方法,在某种意义上说,力求从自然界找出某些自然规律,然后他们根据这些规律,用自己的某种非同一般的本领,建立起他们的理论。And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind canbe by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort ofspecial training.许多人以为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比,认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能获得。To hear all these large words, you would think that the mind of a man of science must be constituted differently from that of his fellow men;听了那些夸大的言语,你可能会认为科学家的头脑一定和其他人的大脑构造不同;but if you will not be frightened by terms, you will discover that you are quite wrong, and that all these terrible apparatus are being used by yourselves every day and every hour of your lives.但是假如你没有被这些言词所吓倒,你会发现,你完全错了;你还会发现,所有这些可怕的仪器你自己每天每时也在使用。There is a well-known incident in one of Moliere’s plays, where the author makes the hero express unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose (散文) ring the whole of his life.在莫里哀的一个剧本中有这样一个著名的插曲:作者让主人公得知他整个一生中一直在说散文后,表现出无限的喜悦。In the same way, I trust that you will take comfort, and be delighted with yourselves, on the discovery that you have been acting on the principles of inctive and dective philosophy ring the same period.同样,我认为,当你一旦发现你一生中一直在按归纳法和演绎法的哲理办事时,你也会感到安慰和欣喜的。Probably there is not one here who has not in the courseof the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind,though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causesof natural phenomena.在座的诸位中,大概不会有人一整天都没有机会进行一连串复杂的思考活动,这些思考活动与科学家在探索自然现象原因时所经历的思考活动,尽管复杂程度不同,但在类型上是完全一样的。

可玛猫

1993年考研英语阅读第三篇全文翻译和解析—本文介绍专利权的期限

When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible courses of action open to him: he can give the invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea secret, or patent it.当发明家创造了一件发明,他可能做三件事情:他可能将这件发明公诸于世,也可能保守秘密,或者也可能为这件发明申请专利权。A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the state, by which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly (垄断) and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates.批准了的专利是发明家和国家讨价还价的结果,发明家享受一段时间的垄断权,在这段时间之后,他必须公布其发明的所有细节。Only in the most exceptional circumstances is the lifespan of a patent extended to alter this normal process of events.只有在极特殊的情况下专利的期限才可能被延长以改变事件的正常过程。The longest extension ever granted was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent’s normal life there was no colour TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention.迄令为止批准的最长的延期授予了乔治瓦伦西,他1939年的彩色电视接收机电路系统的专利被延长至1971年,因为在该专利的大部分有效期里根本没有彩色电视节目,因此该发明没有获利的希望。Because a patent remains permanently public after it has terminated, the shelves of the library attached to the patent office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if older than half a century, sometimes even re-patent.由于一项专利在其有效期终止后将永远公之于众,因此附属于专利机构的图书馆的书架上收藏有至少上百万种发明想法供任何人免费使用,如果它们已经存在半个多世纪,有时候甚至被人们用于重新申请专利。Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the high cost of concting a search through live patents that the one sure way of avoiding violation of any other inventor’s right is to plagiarize a dead patent.事实上,专利专家经常向希望避开使用有效专利的高昂代价的人们建议,避免侵犯任何其他发明者权利的一个万无一失的办法就是剽窃一个已经失效的专利。Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form permanently invalidates further patents on that idea, it is traditionally safe to take ideas from other areas of print. Much modern technological advance is based on these presumptions of legal security.同样,由于已经以任何其他形式发表的想法不能再用于申请专利,因此保守的做法是从其他公开的相关领域获得灵感。许多现代技术的突破就是基于这样的法律保障前提。Anyone closely involved in patents and inventions soon learns that most “new” ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills.任何密切参与专利和发明工作的人都很快了解到大部分“新”思想实际上都很陈旧。It is their rection to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through the availability of new technology, that makes news and money.正是出于需要或奉献,或由于得到新技术而使构想转换为商业行为,它们创造了新闻和经济效益。The basic patent for the theory of magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind television originate from the late 19th and early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.磁记录理论的基本专利要追溯到1886年。许多关于电视机的最初想法都来自于19世纪末20世纪初。甚至1904年一项马在后面的马车专利就预示了大众后置发动机汽车的诞生。 26.[答案]D[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:文章主旨文章先在第二、三段介绍了专利的一些特点,又在第四段说明特殊情况下专利期限的延长,然后用大量篇幅说明怎样利用一些他人已有的但不再受保护的想法来进行新的发明创造,并进而取得专利或专利权,也就是谈论如何接近并有效利用专利。[D]选项是对文章主旨的概括,是正确答案。[A]、[B]选项不是文章主要论述的话题。[C]选项中use不如access to 精确。access to 意为“接近(进入,取得)……的机会或权利”,use只有“使用”之意。27.[答案] C[解析]本题考核的知识点是:细节是非判断。对于是非题,可采取排除法。[A]选项中if necessary与第五段第一句话指出的重新申请专利的条件if older than half a century不符。[B]选项与首段所指的当发明问世时,发明者可以有三种选择相悖。[C]选项与第二段中the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly and publishes all the details of his invention to the public after that period terminates内容一致,为正确答案。[D]选项错在patented invention,第五段第一句话中a patent remains permanently public after it has terminated强调只有专利权失效后才会公之于众。28.[答案] B[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:文章细节文章第三段指出在特殊情况下可延长专利期限。然后在第四段作者以乔治瓦伦西为例,对“极其特殊”这个条件进行解释。他的专利获得延期的原因是:because for most of the patents’ normal life there was no color TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention,也就是说在他的发明专利的大部分有效期内,该专利没有得到应用。[B]选项与原文相符,为正确答案。[A]选项虽然出现了原文中的词语reward,但原文指的是“不能获利”,而该项指的是“别人购买他的专利”。[C]选项将原文中的“根本没有彩色电视节目”偷换成“很少有电视台提供彩色节目”。[D]选项时间错误,乔治瓦伦西在1939年就获得了彩电接收器的专利权。29.[答案] A[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:词语释义 第五段第二句指出与使用有效专利(live patent)相比,失效的专利(dead patent)可以节省高额费用,还不会带来侵权的麻烦。[A]选项为正确答案。plagiarize是“剽窃,抄袭”的意思,与选项中的steal是近义词。其他选项都没有体现plagiarize的含义。30.[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:推理引申本题可通过排除法解题。[A]选项与第六段第二句It is their rection to commercial practice… that makes news and money内容一致,是正确选项。[B]选项中的“产品”与“发明”之间的关系文中没有涉及。[C]选项中对不同专利购买费用的比较在文章中没有涉及。[D]选项与文章第五段第二句…patent experts often advise anyone …不符,从该句可知,对过期专利进行研究的人是听取专家意见的人,而不是专家本人,[D]选项搞错了动作的施动者,故不正确。

吹煦呼吸

1994年考研英语完形填空全文翻译和答案解析—本文介绍语言的选词

The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. 关于语言,首先可以讨论的最小单位是单词。In speaking, the choice of words is 1 the utmost importance.说话的时候,选词是至关重要的。Proper selection will eliminate one source of 2 breakdown is in the communication cycle.恰当的选词可以消除交流过程中可能出现的障碍。Too often, careless use of words__3 a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. 通常,不慎重的词语使用将阻碍说话者和听话者之间的思想交流。The words used by the speaker may ___4 unfavorable reactions in the listener 5 interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.说话者使用的词语可能会引起听者不愉快的反应,干扰他的理解,因此,“传送—接收”系统出现故障。6__, inaccurate or indefinite words may make ___7 difficult for the listener to understand the 8 which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be 9 to explain or describe in a 10 that can be understood by his listeners.此外,不准确或不明确的词语会使听者难以理解正在传递给他的信息。说话人的常用词汇中如果没有详细而精确的词,就不可能用听话人能理解的方式进行解释或描述。1.[答案] A[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:介词的用法。本文第一句提出,对于语言来说,首先可以讨论的最小单位是单词。First和smallest两个形容词已经道出单词在语言中的重要地位。此后,文章进一步指出,说话时选择词语非常重要。我们看到,空格后是一个名词性短语utmost importance,而所给的四个选项全是介词,也就是说所选的介词应该与这个名词性短语组合在一起,做be动词的表语。of的一个特定用法是:of+表示评估意义的抽象名词=该名词对应的形容词,可做表语,表示具有某种性质、状况。如:of great use=great useful, of importance=important, 所以A为正确选项。2. [答案] C[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:逻辑语意搭配+形容词词义辨析。前面已经提到,单词在语言中占有首要地位,因此,说话时对词语的选用就变得非常重要。本句大意为:恰当的选词可以消除交流过程中......的障碍。likely意为“可能发生的”,不论从语法角度,还是从逻辑角度讲都非常恰当。inaccessible表示“难以达到的,难以接近的”,如:This novel seems to me among the most inaccessible.这本书对我来说是最难懂的小说之一。我们知道,说话过程中完全可能出现交流的障碍,所以inaccessible不恰当。timely意为“及时的,准时的”,如:a timely treatment及时的治疗。invalid意为“无效的”,如:an invalid license作废的执照,都不符合句意。3. [答案] B[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:逻辑语意搭配。上文一直是从正面角度谈论单词在交流中所处的地位,以及它起到的积极作用;本句开始文章从反面角度来讨论这一点。前面已经提到,恰当的选词可以消除交流障碍,由此可以推出,乱用词语将会增加这种障碍。prevent意为“防止,阻碍”,用在文中表示“词语使用不当阻碍了说话双方思想的交流”,正好描述了这种增加障碍的反作用,所以是正确答案。encourage表示“鼓励,怂恿”,有促进之意,如:I encouraged her to work hard and to try for the examinations.我鼓励她用功并为这次考试做努力。offer意为“提供,出价”,如:I offered him some money for his help.因为他帮了忙,我给了他一些钱。以上两个词语与文意要求的含义正好相反。destroy意为“毁灭,破坏,消灭”,它虽然是贬义词,但一般是对已经存在的事物而言,且语气很强烈,放在此处不合适。4. [答案] D[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:动词短语语意辨析。空格所在句子由存在因果关系的两个分句构成。前一分句的主语是the words,宾语是unfavorable reactions in the listener(听者不愉快的反应);后一分句的含义是“因此,这种说话者和听者的发送—接收系统就会中断”。从句意判断空格处应该填入一个表达“造成,引起”含义的短语。stir up 表示“引起,激起”,为正确选项。pass out做及物动词时,意为“分发,分配”;take away意为“取走”,back up 意为“支持,倒退”,均不符合文意。5. [答案] C[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:定语从句。从上一题的分析可知,The words…in the listener是一个语法结构完整的句子,因此我们可以推测listener之后的部分为一个定语从句。但要弄清楚的是,这个定语从句修饰的不是listener,因为interfere with his comprehension(干扰他的理解)中his指代的只能是“听者”,那么interfere的主语应该是前面的unfavorable reactions。因此,我们可能确定这个定语从句的先行词为reactions,which可引导先行词为事物的定语从句,为正确选项。who 引导先行词为人的定语从句;as引导限制性定语从句需要与such结合在一起使用;what只能引导名词性从句,不能引导定语从句。6. [答案] A[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:逻辑关系。前文一直在讨论不恰当使用词语的害处,本句的主语是inaccurate or indefinite words,意为“不准确或不明确的词语”,可见还是在谈论这种害处,也就是说,与上一句之间仍然是承接或递进的关系。moreover意为“此外”,表示递进关系,符合题意。该句可译为“此外,不准确或不明确的词语会使听者难以理解传递给他的信息”。however意为“但是”,表示转折;preliminarily意为“首先,起初”,不表示承接关系;unexpectedly意为“出乎意料地,想不到地”,有转折的含义。7. [答案] B[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:句子的平衡。英语句中为了保持句子的平衡,常常使用it作为形式宾语或形式主语。动词make后面的宾语是不定式时,就常常用it做形式宾语,代替后面的不定式。本题空格处填入it,指代的就是下文的to understand the …。that不能做形式宾语;如果使用so,则全句找不到make的宾语,语法结构不完整;this不能做形式宾语。8. [答案] C[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:逻辑语意搭配+名词词义辨析。本题空格处填入一名词,紧跟其后的是which引导的定语从句。显然,填入的名词在该从句中做主语,由于该从句使用了被动语态,因此我们要选择的是能够与transmit搭配,做其宾语的名词。transmit的含义为“发送,传达”,四个选项中只有message可以与之搭配,表示“传达信息”。speech意为“演说,讲话”;sense意为“感官,感觉”;meaning表示“意思,含义”,一般不与transmit搭配。9. [答案] D[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:形容词词辨析。本句的主语是the speaker, who 引导了一个定语从句,修饰speaker。大意是:一个常用词汇中没有详细而精确词语的人可能……将事情解释或描述得足以让听者听懂。由此看出,这里还是在讨论不正确使用词语的害处。填入的词既能修饰人,又有否定句义。unable表示“不能的,不会的”,可以修饰人,为正确选项。obscure意为“暗的,朦胧的,模糊的”,一般不修饰人,如:an obscure sound模糊的声音;an obscure passage 一段难懂的文章。difficult和impossible都不使用本句型,如果使用这两个词可以把句子转变为:It is difficult/impossible for the speaker to explain…10. [答案] D[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:逻辑语意搭配+名词词义辨析。空格处的名词构成介词短语in a …,修饰动词explain or describe,在文中的含义是“说话人不可能……解释或描述”。in a way是习惯搭配,表示“以某种方式、方法”,语法意义都正确。in a case表示“在某种情况下”,不符合句意。means意为“方法、手段”,method意为“方法,方式”,都不与in a搭配,而与介词by连用,如:The load was lifted by means of a crane.重物是用起重机吊起来的。They did it by a new method.他们用一种新方法做的。

安乐乡

1995年考研英语完形填空全文翻译和答案解析—本文介绍睡眠的作用

Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 1 kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is 2 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 3 .The new experiments, such as these 4 for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 5 of non-REM sleep.For example, it has long been known that total sleep6 is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, 7 _examinations of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now 8 the mystery of why the animals die. The rats 9 bacterial infections of the blood, 10 their immune systems—the self-protecting mechanisrn against disease—had crashed.1. [A] Either [B] Neither [C] Each [D] Any2. [A] intended [B] required [C] assumed [D] inferred3. [A] subtle [B] obvious [C] mysterious [D] doubtful4. [A] maintained [B] described [C] settled [D] afforded5. [A] in the light [B] by virtue [C] with the exception [D] for the purpose6. [A] rection [B] destruction [C] deprivation [D] restriction7. [A] upon [B] by [C] through [D] with8. [A] paid attention to[B] caught sight of[C] laid emphasis on [D]cast light on9. [A] develop [B] proce [C] stimulate [D] ince10. [A] if [B] as if [C] only if [D] if only答案解析1.[答案] B[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:不定代词的用法。空格上文提到,睡眠分为浅睡阶段和深睡阶段。因此空格处____ kind of sleep指的就是这两种睡眠。四个备选项中,首先排除[D]项。any 指“任何一个”,如:You can buy sugar at any big store.你可以在任何一家大商店里买到糖。余下的选项中,each指两个或多个中的每一个,例如:Each of them thinks different thoughts.他们中的每一个人都有不同的想法。either表示两者之一,表示肯定,如:You can park on either side of the street. 在街道的哪边停车都可以。neither表否定含义,表示“两者都不”。如:Neither of us could understand German.我们两个谁也不懂德语。空格所在的分句里出现的关键词at all一般与否定词连用,即 not… at all,意为“一点也不,根本不”,因而这里应填表否定含义的词,[B]正确,意为“人们对两类睡眠都没有完全了解”。2. [答案] C[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:动词词义辨析。intend意为“想要,打算,企图”,intend to do sth. (=mean to do sth.)意为“打算做某事”,主语一般是有生命的事物。如:I hear they intend to marry. 我听说他们要结婚了。require意为“需要,要求,命令”,be required to do sth.意为“被要求/必须做某事”,如:All passengers are required to show their tickets.所有乘客都必须出示车票。显然不能说,“浅睡眠阶段被要求做某事”。assume意为“假定,设想”,be assumed to do sth.意为“被假定/认为做某事”,如:He is assumed to be a Belgian.(他被认为是个比利时人。)infer意为“推论,推断”,但它不用于infer sth. to do结构中,而用于infer sth. from sth.结构中,如:Much of the meaning must be inferred from the context.(大部分含意必须从上下文中推断。)因此,只有assume符合上下文的要求。另外,根据上文可知,人们对睡眠的两个阶段都不十分了解,因此有关浅睡眠的功能的论述只是一种推测,[C]为正确项。3. [答案] C[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:形容词词义辨析。subtle意为“微妙的,难以捉摸的”,如:He complained that these people were subtle. 他抱怨说这些人难以捉摸。obvious意为“明显的”;mysterious意为“难以解释或无法理解的”;doubtful意为“可疑的,值得怀疑的”,如He is a doubtful character. 他是个可疑的人物。前文提到人们对两种睡眠阶段都不是很了解时用了well-understood一词,从逻辑语意上可以推出人们对non-REM sleep也不很了解,因此,几个选项中mysterious最合适。4. [答案] B空格所在句子是一个长句,主干部分是The new experiments suggest fascinating explanations. such as引导的短语是对experiments的举例说明。these指的是the new experiments,空格处填入的过去分词表示被动含义,相当于一个后置定语从句,即these which are _____ for the first time…,用来修饰these。四个选项中,maintain意为“保持,维持”,与句中的for the first time相矛盾;settle意为“解决”,afford意为“支付得起”,与experiments不搭配。describe意为“描述”,用在文中表示“(会议上)描述的一些新实验”,符合文意。5. [答案] D[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:短语语意辨析。四个选项都可与介词of连用。in the light of (= in light of/according to)意为“按照,根据,考虑到”,如:He rewrote the book in the light of further research.(他根据进一步的研究重写了那部书。)by virtue of意为“依靠,由于”,如:She got the job by virtue of her greater experience.(她由于经验较为丰富而得到了那份工作。)with the exception of(= except)意为“除了……之外”,如:All his novels are set in Italy with the exception of his last.(他的小说除最后一部外全是以意大利为背景。)显然,这三个含义代入文中都不符合文意。for the purpose of可以看作是一个固定短语,意为“为了……的目的”,如:The three groups have been combined for the purpose of this study.(为了这项研究工作,三个小组业已合并。)但本文中却不是把它作为一个固定短语使用,而且分成了两个部分,explanations常与for搭配,表示“解释……的原因”, the purpose of non-REM sleep在上文中出现过,表示“深睡眠的作用”,正确答案是[D]。6. [答案] C[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:名词词义辨析。for example一词提示空格所在部分是衔接上文,解释深睡眠的作用的举例。rection意为“减少”;deprivation意为“剥夺”;restriction意为“限制”。destruction意为“破坏,毁灭”,通常指具体事物,如:The fire caused the destruction of my books.这场大火使我的藏书被毁坏。“对老鼠产生致命影响”的应是“睡眠的剥夺”,所以[C]符合题意。7. [答案] A[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:介词的用法。upon+名词/动名词=when引导的从句,其中upon相当于when/directly after,表示“当……时……”。如:Upon entering the room(=When I entered the room), I found him lying on the floor.用在文中表示“当检查死亡老鼠的尸体时”,因此[A]为正确答案。through意为“凭借,用……的方法”; by意为“凭借,靠,通过”,主要表示方法、手段;with意为“用,使用;以”。本文如果使用这些介词,首先需要在名词examination前加上定冠词the;其次其逻辑主语就是句子的主语the animals,这样含义就成了“动物通过检查动物尸体”,不符合逻辑。8. [答案] D[解析] 本题考核的知识点:短语语意辨析。pay attention to 意为“注意”,如:pay attention to state affairs关心国大事;catch sight of (=see)意义“看到,发现”,如:She caught sight of a car in the distance.她一眼瞥见了远处的汽车;lay emphasis on (=emphasize)意为“重视”,如:He laid a strong emphasis on the study of foreign languages.他把重点放在学习外训上;cast/throw/shed light on意为“使(问题等)较容易理解”,如:Recent research has shed new light on the causes of the disease.最近的研究结果可以使人进一步了解导致这种疾病的原因。根据句意,应选[D],表示“一位研究人员使人们进一步了解动物死亡的奥秘”。9. [答案] Adevelop意为“(逐渐)显现出,(开始)患(病)”,如:She developed measles. 她得了麻疹。proce意为“制造,产生”,如:Hard work often proces good results.努力工作经常会有好结果。stimulate意为“促进,刺激”,如:Exercise stimulates the flow of blood.体操促进血液流动。ince意为“引诱,诱使”。如:Too much food inces sleepiness.吃得过饱会产生睡意。本题的关键词bacterial infections of blood (血液细菌感染)是一种病,根据习惯搭配,应该用develop。10. [答案] B[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:逻辑关系。本句是一个复合句。主句The rats develop bacterial infections of the blood用的是一般现在时,根据时态一致的原则,从句也应该用现在时。但在本题中,从句用的是过去完成时。很显然,主从句的时态不一致。时态不一致一般是由两个原因引起的:一,时间状语,如:I’m doing my homework, while I was watching TV this time yesterday.二,虚拟语气的使用,如:If I were you, I would go there. 如果我是你,我就去那儿。此题并没有涉及时间状语因此导致时态不一致的原因是虚拟语气的使用。If意为“如果”,跟虚拟语气时,主句应相应地使用虚似语气,如:The conference wouldn’t been so successful, if we hadn’t made adequate preparations.如果我们不做充分的准备,会议是不会开得这么成功的。as if 意为“好像”,可以接虚拟语气,如:He behaved as if nothing had happened.(他表现得若无其事。)only if 意为“只有”,接条件从句,一般引起主句的倒装现象,如:Only if the red light comes on is there any danger to employees.只有红灯闪亮时才有危及职工的险情。if only意为“要是……就好了”,接虚拟语气,一般用来引导感叹句,如:If only she had known where to find you.由于文中只有从句使用了虚拟语气,因此应选[B],意为“似乎它们的免疫系统已经崩溃”。全文翻译睡眠分为浅睡阶段(REM)和较长时间的深睡阶段(non-REM)。浅睡阶段伴有快速的眼睛运动和做梦的特征。人们对两个阶段的睡眠都不太了解,不过人们推测,浅睡眠具有一些大脑修复功能。而深睡眠的作用则更更加令人费解。在明尼阿波利斯举行的由睡眠研究协会组织的近期会议上首次描述了一些新实验,类似这样的实验对深睡眠的作用进行了吸引人的阐释。例如,人们早有所知,完全剥夺睡眠会100%使老鼠致命,然而,在检查死亡鼠类的尸体之后,发现这些动物看起来却非常正常。现在,一位研究人员已揭开了这些动物死亡的奥秘。老鼠患了血液细菌感染,就好像它们的免疫系统——抵御疾病原体的自我保护机制——已崩溃。

堕落者

21考研英语一教材,学渣“逆袭”用这些~

我英语很差,高考英语81,班里倒数第二,四级没过、六级望尘莫及,对于英语,我真的是怂的。但是能怎么办呢,谁叫自己一直有个研究生梦,差就补呗,我正式备考时间是一年,但是英语单词我从大三上学期就开始背了,最终英语71,知道成绩以后真是谢天谢地谢自己,对于英语复习还是有一些话语权的,今天就先给大家把考研英语一教材以及备考的一点点经验分享给大家。先把考研英语一教材总结一下吧。单词:闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》,按照考频划分重点,背起来省时间,还有一点比较好的是,每个单词后面带了6给常考短语,熟记这些,可以掌握单词在真题中的意思。真题:英一《考研真相》/英二《考研圣经》,四级低分的人考研时必备真题,基础薄弱大幅提分专用!每个句子都是图示解析,重点词汇有注释,你不会的都可以在解析里找到答案,补基础很适合。别的书就个别句子讲解,不适合基础薄弱的人。另外,《考研真相》书里会教你从选项角度排除干扰项得出答案和题干角度分析得出答案的2种做题方法,此方法适合做任何阅读题,有助于提高做题答对率。别的书就已知答案简单分析,就答案套选项,下次做题还不会。作文:英一《写作160篇》/英二《写作宝中宝》,基础薄弱大幅提分的小白必备,通过词句段篇补基础,学会写作文;再练习各种话题,查漏补缺,全面提升作文水平。话题划出重点,连续14年直接命中真题作文。网课:张国静网课,这个主要也是我英语基础比较差,是学姐推荐的,体验很好,讲的很细致,不会听不懂而打击自信。差不多考研英语一教材用的就是这些,接下来给大家分享一些备考经验吧。要注意的就是考研英语没有一步到位的方法,用心复习一步步来,是最基本的考研英语复习方法。记住这是一个英语基础本来单词都不太认识,英语二76上线的人给你说的话!1.单词:单词怎么学?背啊!但最好还是不要死记硬背,毕竟有可能就会造成背了一遍又忘了的尴尬局面。最正确的方法就是理解单词+重复记忆。理解单词:主要就是能跟着语境把单词理解透彻,这就是有很多学长学姐都在说的从真题中背单词。重复记忆:基础差只背一边单词可是不行的哦!学霸都会忘,更别说你了。所以前期能留给背单词的时间比较多,就可以多重复背诵,这样之后再过单词时间也会节省很多。你可以按照这样的一个时间规划来背单词:早上:8:00-10:30 背1单元英语单词晚上: 20:00-21:00 复习前一天背的单词其实就等于背了两遍单词了,不管怎么安排复习的内容,晚上一定要重复前面背过的!2.语法:关于语法基础差,我觉得还是听老师讲比较好理解点。毕竟语法知识本来就繁多,基础差复习的话,有可能连从哪开始学的头绪都没。到了4月左右,开始真题复习。那就更要注意真题中的长难句了,毕竟考研语法主要就集中在阅读和翻译中的长难句里。同样,基础差就用解析详细的真题资料。这样你在前期做真题时,也能积累更多的知识:①积累不熟词汇、短语:把文章好好的翻译下来,你就会发现自己有很多单词还不熟。那么你需要做的就是,把它们积累在一起,最后阶段的单词复习有可能主要就是你积累的这些重要考研单词。②积累长难句语法知识:长难句光学,不自己理解,对于分数的提高也会比较小。所以在做真题时,该拆分长难句就练习拆分。《考研真相》里的解析很详细,所有句子都是图示解析的,基础不好的同学必备的,我在考研英语一教材总结里边都有说到。3.最后一些小建议不管哪一门科目基础差,都没有什么急功近利的好方法,最主要的还是靠自己一点点把基础补上来,谁叫当年别人在学习的时候我们在偷懒呢。考研英语一教材就是这些,其实也不是教材,就是复习资料,很多小伙伴喜欢这样叫。这四本资料里边两个重点是单词和真题,单词量决定你能否过线,真题能决定你是否拿高分。最后,那就预祝考研上岸吧。

浪荡子

21考研英语一教材:《考研真相》Or黄皮书,你选对了吗?

常听学长学姐说:选择大于努力。等我真正理解这句话的深刻意义时,我已经筑成了我的考研大梦,顺利的步入了我梦想的高校。在考研英语(二)资料选择上面,我曾在北大吕升运博士主编的《考研真相》 和“黄皮书”之间不断徘徊,最后我选择了《考研真相》,因为我英语基础较差。下面我从书籍内容上给大家分析一下这两本书:一、文章解析方面《考研真相》对于真题文章的解析是逐句精讲得:包含了大纲核心词汇注解和句法讲解。词汇注解俨然一本小字典,从音标、词性、近反义词、相关词组和例句等方面着手;句子解析采用的是“句子图解/句子讲解”模式:长难句给出的是句子图解,清晰直观;简单句则是用简单的语言描述了语法,非常到位。而黄皮书只给出了核心词汇的音标、近反义词和词根;句子解析也只针对长难句。此外,虽然圣经和黄皮书都设置了篇章结构分析,但相对于黄皮书那样在每段中间穿插的纯文字叙述,我个人还是比较喜欢考研圣经那种——在文章开始部分设置的结构层次比较清晰的“图形结构”。因此,单从上述两点来讲,就可以得知:《考研真相》适合基础薄弱的人。而黄皮书呢,或许更适合基础好的人。二、答案解析方面1. 阅读理解:《考研真相》在答案解析部分,给出了本年度试题的总体特征分析(包括完形填空、阅读理解、翻译题和作文),很适合考生从总体上把握本年度试题的难度和考点。比较遗憾的是,黄皮书上未涉及这些内容。《考研真相》在文章的逐句精解之后设置了“答案精解”,总结了试题考点,并给出了比较全的“定位与解析”以及“干扰项分析”,通过学习“定位与解析”和“干扰项分析”可以帮助考生学会用“回文法”和“排除法”进行解题。此外,《考研真相》的4篇阅读文章之后均设置了“佳句模仿”版块,可以积累写作文素材,很实用。黄皮书在文章讲解之前设置了“考题速览”版块,实现了“带着题干阅读文章”,个人觉得这一点不错;然而其以段落为单位,在相应的段落后安排了对应的考题,这种布局方式虽然方便回文定位,但却打乱了整个阅读文章的整体性,让人有种抓不住重点的凌乱感。 总体而言,《考研真相》的试题解析充分照顾了基础薄弱者的需要。黄皮书的解析也不错,但是有些地方解析不够细(有些没有涉及到),可能更适合基础好的考生吧。2. 翻译:《考研真相》在翻译部分的整体讲解可谓让人眼前一亮。采用的是“雕梁画栋”的模式。具体分为“词砖”、“句梁”、“架构”、“精装”和“成品”等几个版块,呈现了每个句子的“成形过程”。其间穿插分析和讲解了每个句子中涉及的重点词汇、句法和语法,并有针对性地点明了每个句子中涉及的翻译技巧,可谓比较全面且新颖。同时,考研圣经还将英汉对照形式的参考译文放置在最后,既给人营造出一种有始有终的感觉,又避免了第一眼就看到全文翻译的尴尬。黄皮书则延续其之前阅读题型的风格,主要设置了“文章总体分析”、“语篇分析”和“难句分析”三个比较大的版块。由于考研英语二要求将一篇英文短文全部翻译成汉语,像黄皮书这样一开始就直接呈现出全文的英汉对照,很容易让人产生依赖心理,虽然一口气看完了汉语译文,但却不知道每个句子到底是怎么翻译出来的。另外,虽然“长难句分析”版块从试题考点、句法分析和要点注释等方面讲解了文中出现的长难句,但有关翻译技巧的讲解却不是多,因此,从这一点上讲,黄皮书不太适合想要掌握翻译技巧的考生,更不适合基础薄弱者。因此,我个人认为,不管是在版块设计的合理性上,还是翻译技巧讲解的细致程度上,《考研真相》均要优于黄皮书!3. 写作:《考研真相》的作文环节,除了“审题及提纲”、“靓词靓语”、“同类话题句式拓展”以及“经典模板”等模块外,还采用了“三步走”的形式(小作文两步走),从最初的“模板范文”,过渡到“思路创新范文”,再华丽地变身为“语言创新范文”。这种进阶式模式,一方面满足了写作水平较差的考生对模板范文的需求,另一方面也为想突破模板、从思维和语言层面提升写作水准的考生提供了借鉴。而黄皮书的话,似乎没有注重这个层面。所以,我个人觉得,比起黄皮书,《考研真相》更能帮助考生摆脱模板范文!以上是我个人复习的经验之谈,真心希望能够帮助到仍旧奋战在考研路上的学弟学妹们,希望你们都能选到一本真正适合自己的书。 祝各位考试顺利!

索路

1991年考研英语翻译题型全文翻译和答案—本文介绍能源危机及后果

The fact is that the energy crisis, which has suddenly been officially announced, has been with us for a long time now, and will be with us for an even longer time. 事实是,虽然官方突然宣布能源危机的存在,然而长期以来我们一直面临着能源危机,而且这种情况今后将会持续更长的时间。Whether Arab oil flows freely or not, it is clear to everyone that world instry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base.不管阿拉伯的石油能否源源不断地流出,人人都清楚,再也不能让世界工业依赖于如此脆弱的能源基础了。The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in anycase, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use.石油供应可能随时会被突然切断;不管怎样,以目前这种消费速度,只需30年左右,所有的油井都会枯竭。New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past.必须找到新的能源,这需要时间;而过去我们感觉到的那种能源廉价而充足的情况将不大可能再出现了。For an indefinite period from here on, mankind is going to advance cautiously, and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all.在今后的漫长的时间内,人类将谨慎前进,而且应该对自己能够继续前进感到非常幸运。To make the situation worse, there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world’s population is in sight. Although the birth-rate has dropped in some nations, including the United States, the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens.使目前状况更糟的是,至今尚无迹象表明,世界人口的增长在近期内会减慢。虽然包括美国在内的一些国家的出生率已经下降,但是在21世纪初世界人口似乎肯定会超过60亿,或许甚至超过70亿。The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of procing and marketing food.食品供应的增加将远远赶不上人口的增长,这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面已陷入危机。Taking all this into account, what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year 2001?考虑到所有这些因素,我们可以适当地估计一下2001年的超级市场将会是什么样子呢?To begin with, the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years -- even here in the United States. By 2001, the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million, and the nation will find it difficult to expand food proction to fill the additional mouths.首先,今后的30年内,世界的食品供应日益紧张,甚至美国这里也不例外。到2001年美国人口将至少达到2亿5千万,也可能是2亿7千万。那时,美国将很难扩大食品生产来满足人口增长的需要。This willbe particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in thehigh-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.这种困境将是确定无疑的,因为能源的匮乏使农业无法以高能消费这种美国耕作方式继续下去了,而按照这种耕作方式可以投入少数农民就获得高产。It seems almost certain that by 2001 the United States will no longer be a great food-exporting nation and that, if necessity forces exports, it will be at the price of belt-tightening at home.几乎可以肯定,到2001年美国将不再是一个食品输出国;如果必须出口的话,那么其代价就是美国国内人民将勒紧裤带。In fact, as food items will tend to decline in quality and decrease in variety, there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives.实际上,由于各种食品往往会质量下降、品种减少,这就非常有可能更多地使用调味添加物。Until such time as mankind hasthe sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable supportfor all, people will have to accept more “unnatural food”.除非人类终于意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度,使地球能为所有人提供足够的饮食,否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。