形势与政策考研题

一 学习时老师上传的资料。这些资料都是很重要的，期末考试很有可能从这里出原题。老师在平常上课的时候都会传一些资料，留一些课后习题，那么这些题很有可能就是考试的原题，我们大家平时在做的时候一定要认真的去做，不然出原题都不知道。同时认真做这些题也能巩固我们学到的知识。二 老师期末前给的复习范围。只要把范围给的题都会背了，那么期末还是没啥问题的。这种公共大课老师很可能给画范围，考察的并不是所有题，只要把老师范围内发的题都认真背了，那么期末考试考什么都不怕了。不要担心老师画的范围太多，这绝对要比背一整本书要强很多。三 前几年的考试真题，可以拿来练练手。如果觉得心里没底的话，还可以去做一下前几年学长学姐考过的真题，把这些真题做一遍，对考试的类型有个大概的了解。

一、单项选择题：1~16小题，每题1分，共16分。下列每题 给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是最符合题目要求的。1. 马克思和恩格斯首次系统阐述历史唯物主义基本观点的著作A. 德意志意识形态B. 神圣家族C. 哲学的贫困D. 共产党宣言【答案】A2. 人们能从历史中汲取经验教训是因为A. 历史规律和自然规律有惊人的相{以B. 人类历史发展存在着不以人的意志为转移的规律C. 历史总是在循环往复中不断向前发展D. 人类已经完全掌握了历史发展的内在规律【答案】B3. 从社会意识和社会存在的关系看，法律法规A. 总是阻碍新技术的健康发展B. 只能落后于新技术发展C. 与新技术发展具有不平衡性D. 归根到底是新技术发展的内在动力【答案】C4. 马克思指岀：资本主义在发展"社会劳动的生产力"的同时进 而不自觉的创造着一种更高级的生产形式的物质条件，这表明：A. 资本主义生产方式能够无限制解放和发展社会生产力B. 资本越发展越有利于巩固资本主义C. 资本越扩张越不利于创造更多的物质财富D. 资本主义生产是一种历史的、过渡性生产形式【答案】D5. 毛泽东思想作为马克思主义中国化的第一个重大理论成果，是 由一系列相互联系的重要理论观点所构成的科学思想体系这一 科学体系所围绕的主题是A. 中国革命和建设B. 中国命运和前途C. 中国社会性质和阶段状况D. 中国改革和发展6. 构建新发展格局,是以习近平同志为核心的党中央积极应对国 际国内形势变化，与时俱进提升我国经济发展水平，塑造国际经 济全球和竞争新优势提岀的战略决氣这一发展格局是A. 以体制机制创新为主体，利用好国际国内两个市场B. 以編户和平稳定为主体，促进国际国内经济复苏C. 以国内大循环为主体，国内国际双循环相互促进D. 以发展先进制造业为主体，促进产业结构优化升级7. 改革开放初期，确立了公有制为主体的市场经济，多种所有制 公共发展，按劳分配为主体，多种分配制度并存，社会市场经济 制度等社会主义基本经济制度，这一基本经济制度中，坚持公有 制的主体地位是因为A. 公有制是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分B. 公有制是我国经济社会发展的重要基础C. 生产资料所有制决定社会的基本性质和发展方向D. 由生产资料所有制决定的分配方式能使一切社会成员实 现全面发展8. 创新是弓|领发展的第一动力，必须把创新摆在现代化建设全面 的核心地位。2020年9月11日习近平在《科学家座谈上讲话》 中指出我国经济发展及改善民生比以往任何时候都需要加强创 新这个第一动力，创造更多从"0”到"1”的突破，需要摆在更 加突岀位置的是A. 提升原始创新能力B. 加快推进消化吸收再创新C. 加强了企业创新主体地位D. 改善科技创新9. 洋务运动时期，洋务派兴办了一些企业少数官办或官商合办， 多数是官督商办，这些关督商办的企业是什么性质?A. 封建性质企业B. 半封建C. 资本D. 社会性质10. 中国人民抗战胜利的关键是A. 民族意识的觉醒与全民的抗战B. 反侵压战争的正义性与进步性C. 世界反法西斯力量的团结与支持D. 中国共产党中流砥柱的作用11. 人民政协的召开标志着A. 民族区域自治制度的建立B. 工商代表大会制度的建立C. 人民代表大会制度的建立D. 新型政协制度的建立12. 我国对资本主义工商业的社会主义改造执行的是A. 互助合作政策B. 调整巩固C. 和平赎买D. 剥夺没收13. 个人与社会的关系最根本的是A. 个人价值与社会价值B. 个人利益与社会利益C. 个人理想与社会理想D. 个人存在与社会存在14. 新时代爱国主义教育的着力点是A. 坚持实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦B. 坚持依法治国和以德治国相结合C. 坚持祖国统一和民族团结D. 坚持立足中国又面向世界15. 北斗三号全球卫星导航系统建成并开通服务，标志着A. 我国卫星导航系统实现了零的突破B. 我国成为世界上第三个独立拥有全球卫星导航系统的国C. 世界所有国家都已使用我国北斗导航系统D. 我国全球卫星导航系统重设实现了第二步目标16. 2020年全球服务服装贸易会于9月4日-9日在北京成功举 力'。本届服贸会的主题是：A. 文化融合，创新发展B. 开放包容，团结合作C. 齐心协力，携手前行D. 全王求服务，互惠共享二、多项选择题：17-33小题，每题2分，共34分。下列每题 给出的四个选项中，至少有两个选项是符合题目要求的。多选、 少选或错选均不得分。17. 最近，科学家利用宇宙三维地图发配迄今最大的宇宙结构之—,包含了数十万星系长达14亿光年的"南极塔”，中国科学 表示由于万有引力，密度较高的区域会产生较弱的引力，将周围 物质吸引进来形成了星系以及更大尺度的结构，现代宇宙学表 明，宇宙是由暗物质、暗能星主导的，但暗物质究竟是什么，目 前不得而知，在"南极塔"等宇宙大尺度结构中，很可能藏着大 量的暗物质，这是宇宙演化历史的重要指针，"南极塔”的发展 表明A. 未知世界与已知世界是客观存在的B. 整个物质世界的时间和空间是有限的C. 世界本质是暗物质能量D. 世界只有尚未认知之物，没有不可认识之物【答案】A D18. 人体是抗击病毒的"机制”，当病原体进入体，升高的体温 刺激免疫系统打败病毒，在理想的情况下，免疫系统创造了一个 环境让病原体，進以生存，一旦病原体适应更高的温度，人的免 疫系统就无法发挥】乍用。人的免疫与自然环境之间联系A. 人类只能适应自然环境变化而不能改变自然环境B. 自然环境对人类发展有决定性作用C. 自然是长发展的重要前提D. 人在受自然制约的同时交环境【答案】C D19. 商品经济是一定社会历史条件的产物，商品经济得以产生的 社会历史条件A. 生产资料和劳动产品属于不同所有者B. 社会分工的出现及其存在C. 商品具有了使用价值和价值两个因素D. 交换过程中形成了充当一般等价物的商品【答案】A B20. 为了实现盈利，将人工流水线改造成机器流水线，受经济危 机，从市场上采购生产原料价格下降，资本构成发生变化的是A. 资本有机构成B. 资本积累构成C. 资本技术构成D. 资本价值构成【答案】A C D21.1871巴黎公社革命，马、恩总结的经验主要有A. 无产阶级政权是为人民服务的机关B. 必须为碎旧的国家机器建立无产阶级政权C. 无产阶级革命取得成功并保持果实的首要条件是要有革 命的武装D. 必须建立无产阶级政党，发挥党的政治领导作用【答案】A B C D22. 社会主义基本制度确立以后，如何在中国这一个经济文化比 较落后的东方大国建设和巩固社会主义：是党面临的一项崭新课 题.为找到一条适合中国国情的社会主义建设道路，总带领人民进 行了艰难曲折的初步探索。这一份初步探索的意义主要体现在A. 体现了马克思主义中国化的第二次飞跃B. 丰富了科学社会主义的理论和实践C. 巩固和发展了我国社会主义制度D. 为开创中国特色社会主义提供了宝贵经验，理论准备，物质基础【答案】B C D23. 我国经济发展新动能的持续壮大声明A. 创新驱动了引领作用进一步加强B. 供给的结构效果取得了显著绩效C. 数字经济已成为我国经济高质量发展的新引擎D. 现代化经济已经生成【答案】A B C24. 十三五时期我国大气污染治理取得了明显成效，主要得益 于?A. 坚特全民共治，全民防治B. 把突出环境问题作为生态文明建设的着力点C. 构建生态通道的生物多样I生保护网络D. 不断完善生态环境保护制度和强化环保监督25. 我国提高就业质量的主要举措是A. 开展大舰模职业技能信训B. 提供全方位公共就业服务C. 构建和谐劳动关系D. 使失业率保持保持合理区间26. 促进各民族像石榴籽一样紧紧抱在一起旨在A. 铸牢中华民族共同意识B. 建设各民族共有精神家园C. 巩固和发展平等团结互助和谐社会的社会主义民族关系D. 使各民族在中华民族大家庭手足相亲，守望相助27. 鸦片战争成为中国近代史起点是因为随着西方列强入侵A. 中国封建社会逐渐变成了半殖民地半封建社会B. 中国开始善于西方资本主义国家C. 中国人民逐渐开始反帝反封建的资产主义革命D. 无产阶级与资产阶级的矛盾上升为占支配地位的主要矛盾【答案】A C 28. 五四运动后，社会主义思潮在中国蓬勃兴起，马克思主义开 始在知识界得到传播。中国早期信仰马克思主义的人物，就类型 而言，主要包括:A. 五四运动的左翼骨干B. 五四以前的新文化运动的精神领袖C. 原中国同盟会会员，辛亥革命时期的活动家D. 工人群众中的活跃分子29. 中国从开始全面建设社会主义到1976年尽管经历过严重的 曲折，但从总体上来说，社会主义建设取得的成就是显著的，主 要表现在A. 人民生活水平的提高与文化教育，医疗，科技事业的发展B. 独立完整的工业体系的建立和国民体系的建设C. 国际地位的提高与国际环境的改善D. 探索中形成的建设社会主义的若干重要原则30. 2020年颁布的《中华人民共和国民法典》是新中国第一部以 法典命名的法律，这部法典共七编，1260条，包括总则、物权、 合同、人格权、婚姻、家庭、继承、侵权责任以及附则。被称为"社会生活的百科全书"。它系统地整合了新中国成立七十多年 来司法实践中形成的民事法律规范，汲取和借鉴了中外优势法治 建设的有益成果，是一部具有鲜明中国特色、实践特色、时代特 色的民法典，开创了我国法典编纂立法的先河。编纂民法典的重 大意义是：A. 推进全面依法治国，推进国家法律体系和治理能力现代化 的重大举措B. 坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度的现实需求C. 坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度、推动经济高质量发展 的客观要求D. 增进人民福祉，纟偽户广大人民根本利益的必然要求31. 法律权威是指法律再社会中的作用力、影响力和公信力，是 法律应有的尊严和生命，法律是否具有权威取决于0A. 法律再时间中的实施程度B. 法律本身的科学程度C. 法律在国家和社会治理体系中的地位和作用D. 法律被国际社会认同和尊崇的程度32.2020年6月30日，十三届全国人大常委会第二十次会议表 决通过的《中国人民共和国香港特别行政区纟偽户国家安全法》， 是新形势下坚持和完善"一国两制"制度体系的标志性法律，其 重大作用在于()A. 有效应对各种反中乱港势力B. 确保国家主权在香港收到严格保护C. 弥补香港国安方面的立法缺失D. 保障香港长治久安和长期繁荣稳定33. 2020.11.15,东盟16国与中，日，韩，澳和新西兰正式签 署《区域全面经济 伙伴关系稳定》(RECP),全球最大贸易区 诞生其重要意义主要体现在()A. 将为区域乃至全球经济复苏注入新动能B. 开启了区域经济一体化新篇章C. 全球贸易投资自由化、便利化取得压倒性优势D. 将更好地发挥中国作为亚太地区价值新中心节点作用【答案】A B D三、材料分析题。34-38小题，每小题10分，共50分。要 求结合所学知识分析材料。34.(马原)材料：第1段：当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局，不稳定性不确 定性明显增强(首句)第4段：只有准确把我分析我国发展阶段、环境、条件变化、 看清变局本质和发展大势，顺势而为，谋事而动，提升危中寻机, 化危为机的能力，沉着应对变局，开拓新局，集中力量办好自己 的事，推动形成新发展格局，才能牢牢把握化危为机的主动权， 为不确定的世界增加确定性。(末句)摘自《人民日报》(2020年4月3日、4月16日、9月25日)(1) 分析在"危机中育新机，于变局中开新局",这一论断 蕴含的唯物辩证理论。(5分)(2) 运用主观能动性与客观规律性相统一的原理，分析"主 动永变"与"准确识变"之间的关系。(5分)35.(毛中特)(1) 从人民生活水平不断提高的视角，分析我国从"解决 温饱"到"达到小康水平"再到”全面达成小康社会"中体现的 中国特色社会主义制度优势。(6分)(2) 如何理解”实现小康社会不是终点，而是新生活新奋斗 的起点? " (4分)36.第1段：1950年6月朝鲜内战爆发。(首)第5段：抗美援朝战争伟大胜利，是中国人民站起来站立于 世界东方的宣言书，是中华民族走向伟大复兴的主要里程碑，对 中国和世界都有重大而深远的意义。摘自《习近平在纪念中国人 民志愿军抗美援朝岀国作战70周年大会上的讲话》(1) "党和政府作出抗美援朝，保家卫国的历史性决策需要 "非凡的气魄和胆略"请结合新中国成立初期的形式和党的任务，加以分析说明。(5分)(2) 为什么说"抗美援朝战争伟大胜利"对中国和世界都有 重大和深远的意义? (5分)37.(思修法基)材料:1979年12月6日，邓小平同志在会见日本首相大平正芳时 谈到了二十世纪末我过的奋斗目标："我们要实现四个现代化， 是中国式的现代化"(首)第2段：党的十九届五中全会通过的《中共中央关于制定….目标 的建议》宣告："’十三五’规划目标任务即将完成....社会主义 中国以更加雄伟的(末)身姿屹立于世界东方。”摘编自《人民日报》(2020年7月15日、 11月4日)"人对美好生活的向往，就是我们的奋斗目标。”这是恢弘 壮丽的新征程，又是任重道远的新征程。)摘自《人民日报》(2020 年6月30日，7月20日)(1)中国抗疫精神是中国精神的生动诠释，"全国人民都在 为"武汉热干面"加油"，其中体现了什么样的中国精神?(2)伟大抗疫精神将激励新时代青年如何负担民族复兴的时代使命?38.(时政)(1) 分析中国和美国两国在面对国际组织和国际事务的不同 态度，并指出其本质。【材料里主要写的是美国退出来很多国 际组织，而中国积极参与国际组织和事物，疫情期间捐款，并在 2年中陆续捐款20亿美元物资等，疫苗研制成功会在全球范围 内推广使用】(2) 习近平指岀的"四点建议"对于后疫情时代全球治理体 系改革和建设有什么意义?【材料里的四个建议是：主持公道、 厉行法治、促进合作、聚焦行动】

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

昨天夜里，肖大大将他《形势与政策》最后一版补充资料发表完成。加上这一次的，肖大大一共为大家新增添2019年时政事件包括“四中全会”“进博会”“长江三角洲区域一体化发展规划纲要”“中共中央国务院关于保持土地承包关系稳定并长久不变的意见”“新时代爱国主义教育实施纲要”“新时代公民道德建设实施纲要”“习近平在巴西利亚出席金砖国家领导人第十一次会晤时，就当前香港局势表明中国政府严正立场”“关于澳门”“金砖国家领导人第十一次会晤（巴西利亚会晤）”有些同学感到时间来不及了有些同学对时政中的某些知识点不熟悉。例如“五四运动”这个点，好几个人都在问再比如说进博会，出题可能性极大，希望各位研友好好看看时政表面上只有大纲规定的16分，2个单选，2个多选和1个材料分析题，但实际上的分值远不止如此。因为在马原、毛中特和史纲、思修的四门课程中，命题老师最后命题的切入点都是重大时政。这里小编提供几个复习时政的建议在复习间隙背诵时政时政不同于一些哲学、毛中特、思修等知识点一样枯燥，所以建议大家在浏览时政新闻时不要带着太强的目的性，了解新闻的过程是关注世界和社会时态发展的过程，当年真心投入进去的时候，是非常有意思的。所以这里建议大家在学习间歇期间，以一种放松的心态去看国际国内时事。毕竟大量的时事新闻在考研政治试题中是以背景材料为主。时政复习范围时政的范围和热点，这里就可以直接按照肖大大发布的内容即可，不需要再去看其他的资料。尤其是对于一些周年“大事记”，例如建国70周年，党开的重要会议等、例如四中全会，不妨放慢速度多关注下。多思考下与课本上的知识点是否有联系。和知识点结合时政的考查，大多都是和书本上的知识结合起来考，时政作为背景出现。并且，除了要与学科知识点相结合，还要从多角度进行分析。我们常常可以看到，同一热点会覆盖很多知识点。当然了，政治嘛，还是离不开背诵的，肖大佬也说了，把《肖四》和《肖八》都好好背背吧！

1.1如何准确把握十九大的主题（一）1【单选题】(A)是改革开放以来党的全部理论和实践的主题。A、中国特色社会主义B、全面建成小康社会C、中华民族伟大复兴D、不忘初心,牢记使命2【单选题】毛泽东认为,中国革命要取得胜利需要三个法宝,不包括以下选项中的(A)。A、理论建设B、统一战线C、武装斗争D、党的建设3【单选题】改革开放以来到十八大以前的这段期间,发展道路的重点是(C)。A、精神层面建设B、意识形态领域建设C、经济发展D、文化教育4【单选题】以下对习近平总书记提出的“橄榄型”社会描述不正确的是(C)。A、让中国大部分人拿到中等以上收入B、让中国所有穷人的人均纯收入达到4000元以上C、极富人口逐渐增多D、形成一个中产社会5【多选题】以下关于中国改革开放30多年发展中的教训,说法有误的是(ABCD)。A、发展理念是粗放式发展B、管党治党的宽松软C、忽视了精神层面和意识形态领域的工作D、分配方面没有处理好6【判断题】关于从严治党,十九大报告指出,不想腐基本实现,不敢腐的篱笆越扎越牢,不能腐的堤坝正在构筑之中。(×)7【判断题】关于分配理念,在毛泽东时期提出了“共同富裕”,邓小平时期提出了“让少数人先富起来”。(√)1.2如何准确把握十九大的主题（二）1【单选题】中国进入新时代“三步走”总体规划的第二步,是到(B)年基本实现社会主义现代化。A、2020B、2035C、2040D、20502【单选题】以下关于小康社会标准的说法中,有误的是(A)。A、经济保持匀速增长B、创新驱动成效显著C、国民素质和社会文明程度显著提高D、生态环境质量总体改善3【单选题】新时代“三步走”总体规划中第二步的指标之一是国家(C)现代化基本实现。A、治理体系和治理政策B、治理体系和治理结构C、治理体系和治理能力D、治理政策和治理能力4【判断题】新时代“三步走”总体规划中第三步的具体指标是指到本世纪末,我国物质文明、政治文明、精神文明、社会文明、生态文明将全面提升,全体人民共同富裕基本实现。(×)1.3如何准确把握十九大的主题（三）1【单选题】关于新中国成立后前30年的发展模式,以下说法中有误的是(D)。A、思维模式上是超越理念B、阶级斗争为纲C、计划经济体制的失败D、解决了温饱问题2【单选题】以下对于中国特色社会主义道路描述有误的是(B)。A、坚持四项基本原则B、以政治建设为中心C、坚持改革开放D、逐步实现全体人民共同富裕3【多选题】中共十九大的主题包括以下哪几点?(ABCD)A、进一步明确旗帜问题B、提出新时代的新目标C、坚信中国特色社会主义道路D、提出新时代的精神面貌1.4中共十九大的主要成果1【单选题】十九大报告指出,新时代我国社会主要矛盾是(C)。A、人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾B、人民日益增长的美好生活需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾C、人民日益增长的美好生活需要同不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾D、人民日益增长的美好生活需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾2【单选题】十九大通过的《中国共产党章程(修正案)》对新时代提出了“四个伟大”的明确要求,其中不包括(C)。A、伟大斗争B、伟大工程C、伟大使命D、伟大梦想3【判断题】十九大报告指出,当前我国处在决胜总体实现小康的阶段。(×)1.5中共十九大报告起草过程与战略意义1【单选题】习近平总书记提出的“四个自信”的论述不包括:(D)。A、道路自信B、理论自信C、制度自信D、军事自信2【多选题】十九大报告起草遵循以下哪几项原则?(ABCDE)A、坚持正确政治方向B、坚持解放思想、与时俱进C、坚持战略思维和系统思维D、坚持问题导向、强化问题意识E、坚持从实际出发3【判断题】中共十九大为新时代与新征程提供了新的行动指南:习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想。(√)2.1砥砺奋进五年的历史性变革（一）1【单选题】十九大报告指出,十八大以来的五年的工作总基调是(B)。A、砥砺奋进B、稳中求进C、大步迈进D、循序渐进2【单选题】完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度,推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化是全面深化改革的(D)。A、总任务B、总方针C、总路线D、总目标3【单选题】习近平总书记多次强调,要坚持以(A)为导向深化改革。A、问题B、政策C、目标D、任务4【单选题】以党的(C)和中央全面深化改革领导小组成立为标志,我国全面深化改革的恢宏大幕壮丽开启。A、十一届三中全会B、十八大C、十八届三中全会D、十九大5【单选题】习近平总书记提出,依法治国首先是(D)。A、科学立法B、全民普法C、依法执政D、依宪治国6【多选题】党的十八大以来的五年中,在民主法治建设方面取得了一系列的成就,主要包括:(ABCDE)。A、依规治党取得初步成效B、依宪治国得到进一步落实C、坚持科学立法的理念D、稳步推进司法改革E、扎实推动全民普法工作2.2砥砺奋进五年的历史性变革（二）1【单选题】习近平总书记指出,能否做好(D)工作,事关党的前途命运,事关国家长治久安,事关民族凝聚力和向心力。A、经济建设B、环境保护C、科学技术D、意识形态2【单选题】目前我国有国家级贫困县592个,十九大宣告,在(A)年12月必须全部摘帽。A、2020B、2030C、2040D、20503【单选题】2020年全国脱贫标准约为人均纯收入(C)元。A、2000B、2800C、4000D、60004【单选题】2013年11月,习近平总书记到湖南湘西考察时首次作出了 “ 实事求是、因地制宜、分类指导、(D) ” 的重要指示。A、脱贫攻坚B、脱贫致富C、大力扶贫D、精准扶贫5【单选题】习近平总书记在中央政法工作会议上指出,(B)是老百姓解决温饱后的第一需求。A、致富B、平安C、养老D、教育6【单选题】十八大把(C)加入到了“五位一体”的总体布局中。A、政治建设B、文化建设C、生态文明建设D、社会建设7【单选题】十八大以来在污染治理方面颁布实施了三个“十条”行动计划,其中不包括以下哪个方面?(B)A、大气B、森林C、水D、土壤8【多选题】党的十八大以来的五年中,在思想文化建设建设方面取得了一系列的成就,主要包括:(ABCD)。A、现代公共文化服务体系建设步入发展快车道B、文化市场体系进一步健全,文化产业蓬勃发展C、走出去步伐加快,中国故事吸引世界目光D、加强党对意识形态工作的领导9【多选题】十八大以来,生态文明建设取得以下哪几项成就?(ABCDE)A、思想认识程度之深前所未有B、污染治理力度之大前所未有C、制度出台频度之密前所未有D、监管执法尺度之严前所未有E、环境质量改善速度之快前所未有10【判断题】十八大以来的五年内,教育事业全面发展。东部和农村教育明显加强。(×)11【判断题】基本公共服务差异化是维护国家统一、社会稳定的一个重要手段。(×)2.3砥砺奋进五年的历史性变革（三）1【单选题】关于十八大以来在强军兴军方面取得的成效,以下说法有误的是:(C)。A、人民军队政治生态得到有效治理B、国防和军队改革取得历史性突破C、全力推进国防和军队现代化建设,落实人才是核心战斗力D、军队加强在世界的责任担当2【单选题】以下关于国防军队改革形成的新格局说法有误的是(B)。A、军委管总B、军区主战C、战区主战D、军种主建3【单选题】十八大以来进行的国防和军队改革,将原来的七大军区改为了(C)大战区。A、三B、四C、五D、六4【单选题】目前我国有六大军种种“陆海空火战联”,其中“战”是指(D)。A、战略保障部队B、战略指挥部队C、战略支持部队D、战略资源部队5【单选题】2014年,中央首次以《“一国两制”在香港特别行政区的实践》为题发表关于香港事务的白皮书,突出强调中央对香港拥有(A)等重要观点,从而起到了正本清源的作用。A、全面管治权B、唯一管治权C、优先管治权D、高度管治权6【单选题】以下哪一项不属于我国对周边外交秉持的外交理念?(C)A、亲B、惠C、赢D、容7【判断题】中国人民军队政治工作的第一要务和根本使命就是确保党对人民军队的绝对领导。(√)8【判断题】目前内地分别与香港、澳门签署了服务贸易协议,完全实现服务贸易自由化。(×)9【判断题】“和平统一、一国两制”是我们解决台湾问题的基本方针。(√)10【判断题】重拳反腐是全面从严治党的重要抓手。(×)2.4五年历史性变革的基本经验1【单选题】十九大报告指出,十八大以来的五年间,党内政治生活气象更新,党内政治生态明显好转,党的(D)显著增强。A、创造力,创新力,执行力B、创新力,执行力,向心力C、向心力,生命力,战斗力D、创造力,凝聚力,战斗力2【单选题】关于党的工作面临的困难和挑战,以下说法有误的是(A)。A、虚拟经济水平有待提高B、社会文明水平尚需提高C、意识形态领域斗争依然复杂D、党的建设方面还存在不少薄弱环节3【判断题】十八大以来的五年间,所取得的成就是集中在一些重大领域的。(×)

本文章转自公--仲--号【握手题库】很多同学特别是大学生，每个学期都要学习好几门网课，有知到有学习通有慕课等众多平台的网课。今天，我就给大家安利几个网课答案公号。希望可以帮助大家的学习！福利来啦：问：电视新闻与视频新闻都是不受或少受时间、空间限制。答：对问：以下物质放在一起会产生味觉的抵消削弱作用的是（ ）答：黑咖啡中加入方糖问：我国最大的咖啡生产基地是( )。答：云南省问：熟食促进史前人类进化，谷物、果蔬进入饮食结构，出于新陈代谢需要，（ ）需求量增加。答：盐分问：5. 关于TI-Ag下列哪项正确？答：仅诱导产生体液免疫应答问：中国近代史的开端是()?答：鸦片战争问：《春秋》是根据（）的历史改编的。答：鲁国问：( )是当代中国共产党全部理论和全部实践的中心内容。答：建设中国特色社会主义问：判断创业机会是否适合自己至少要从以下几方面考虑（ ）答：个人经验 经济状况 社会网络问：改革开放以来，中国共产党的全部理论和实践的鲜明主题是（）。答：B

第1部分总题数: 721.【单选题】 (1分)特朗普指责其他西方国家免费搭便车，向同伴发起贸易战。这体现了（ ）A.美国霸权地位衰落B.美国试图重塑全球产业结构C.西方国家间分化加剧D.美国重新退回孤立主义2.【单选题】 (1分)根据内容，《新时代爱国主义教育实施纲要》可以分为几大板块？A.三B.四C.五3.【单选题】 (1分)以下哪项是世界权势转移路线图？（ ）A.西欧——南欧地中海——北美、东欧——亚太地区B.北美、东欧——西欧——南欧地中海——亚太地区C.南欧地中海——西欧——北美、东欧——亚太地区D.西欧——北美、东欧——南欧地中海——亚太地区4.【单选题】 (1分)建设教育强国是中华民族伟大复兴的（ ）工程。A.基础B.重点C.首要D.核心5.【单选题】 (1分)2019年中央农村工作会议提出，（ ）始终是“三农”工作的头等大事。A.加强农村社会保障B.保障重要农产品有效供给C.农民增收D.提高农村教育质量6.【单选题】 (1分)2017年，中国出国留学人数首次突破（ ）万大关。A.50B.70C.40D.607.【单选题】 (1分)除了自然人文景观，我们还可以依托什么来开展爱国主义游览实践活动？A.重大工程B.基层社区C.各类高校8.【单选题】 (1分)（ ）是英国最重要的经济支柱。A.金融业B.贸易C.高科技D.对外投资9.【单选题】 (1分)梅首相的脱欧协议草案在议会三次表决未过，强硬脱欧派反对的最主要理由是（ ）。A.被占便宜B.分手费高C.损害主权D.导致硬脱欧10.【单选题】 (1分)欧盟在表决中越来越多使用（ ）机制。A.绝对多数B.双重多数C.相对多数D.一票否决11.【单选题】 (1分)鸦片战争后，葡萄牙政府趁火打劫，于1845年宣布澳门半岛为（ ），并拒交地租，以武力抢占关闸，驱逐中国官吏。A.贸易港B.经济特区C.自由领地D.自由港12.【单选题】 (1分)习近平对思政课教师队伍提出了六点要求，排在首位的是：A.人格要正B.自律要严C.政治要强D.情怀要深13.【单选题】 (1分)2020年我国将继续实施（ ）的财政政策。A.紧缩B.稳健C.积极D.中性14.【单选题】 (1分)《新时代爱国主义教育实施纲要》的鲜明特点不包括以下哪个？A.坚持群众路线B.吸收、集合过往好的经验C.贴合教师学生实际需求15.【单选题】 (1分)办中国特色社会主义教育，就要引导学生增强“四个自信”，下列不属于“四个自信”的是：A.制度自信B.文化自信C.模式自信D.道路自信16.【单选题】 (1分)中国有（ ）个陆地邻国和（ ）个海上邻国。A.14 6B.15 6C.15 7D.14 717.【单选题】 (1分)《新时代爱国主义教育实施纲要》的“三个贯穿始终”不包括以下哪个？A.不忘初心、牢记使命主题教育贯穿始终B.习近平总书记系列重要论述贯穿始终C.中国特色社会主义进入新时代贯穿始终18.【单选题】 (1分)自近代以来，西方长期在世界体系中占据主导地位，西方与非西方的关系，基本是一种（ ）的关系。A.帝国主义—民族主义B.霸权—反霸权C.殖民—反殖民D.中心—边缘19.【单选题】 (1分)贯彻落实新时代爱国主义教育实施纲要要坚持用（ ）武装全党、教育人民。A.习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想B.“三个代表”重要思想C.毛泽东思想20.【单选题】 (1分)2019年中央经济工作会议召开的时间是12月10日至（ ）。A.14日B.11日C.13日D.12日21.【单选题】 (1分)爱国主义是中华民族的（ ）。A.民族情B.民族本C.民族心22.【单选题】 (1分)（ ）年，中葡两国建交，双方同意在承认澳门是中国领土的前提下，暂时维持现状，在适当时机中葡两国通过友好协商解决澳门问题。A.1989B.1979C.1981D.197723.【单选题】 (1分)将世界作为一个整体来看待，是从（ ）开始的。A.工业革命B.15世纪地理大发现C.资本主义生产方式的出现D.经济全球化24.【单选题】 (1分)新时代教育事业发展的目标涉及一个什么根本问题？A.坚持什么教育标准、怎样坚持教育标准？B.培养什么人、为谁培养人？C.坚持谁的领导、怎样坚持领导？D.培养什么干部、为谁培养干部？25.【单选题】 (1分)实施新时代爱国主义教育需要着眼的“最大公约数”是什么？A.中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦B.全面深化改革的战略措施C.中国特色社会主义进入新时代的政治判断26.【单选题】 (1分)2020 年是全面建成小康社会和（ ）收官之年。A.“十二五”规划B.“十一五”规划C.“十三五”规划D.“十四五”规划27.【单选题】 (1分)目前中国GDP总量为（ ）万亿美元，是日韩GDP总和2倍。A.12.4B.12.8C.14.8D.13.628.【单选题】 (1分)深入开展国情教育和（ ），帮助人们了解我国发展新的历史方位、社会主要矛盾的变化。A.形势政策教育B.党的十九大精神教育C.党的路线方针政策教育29.【单选题】 (1分)东亚地区世界总面积的（ ）,人口18亿占世界总人口的（ ）。A.35% 20%B.35% 30%C.20% 35%D.20% 30%30.【单选题】 (1分)2018年，澳门经济总量达到4403亿澳门元，是1999年的8.5倍；人均GDP达8.3万美元，居亚洲第一，世界（ ）。A.第三B.第四C.第二D.第一31.【单选题】 (1分)英国民众对退脱欧感到厌倦，对传统政党和政客更加不信任，愈发刺激（ ）的抬头。A.无政府主义B.民族主义C.乌托邦主义D.民粹主义32.【单选题】 (1分)2018年8月，国务院办公厅印发了（ ），该办法自2018年9月1日起施行。这极大便利了澳门居民在内地学习、创业、就业和生活。A.《港澳台居民居住证申领发放办法》B.《港澳台居民身份证申领发放办法》C.《港澳台居民通行证申领发放办法》D.《澳港居民居住证申领发放办法》33.【单选题】 (1分)虽然英国成功脱欧，但国内分离主义进一步发展，（ ）要求举行第二次独立公投。A.北爱尔兰B.威尔士C.英格兰D.苏格兰34.【单选题】 (1分)脱欧后，英国无疑将更加依赖（ ）。A.中国B.欧盟C.联合国D.美国35.【单选题】 (1分)1994年8月，党中央颁布（ ），对在新的历史条件下加强爱国主义教育提供了重要遵循。A.《新时代爱国主义教育实施纲要》B.《关于爱国主义教育的意见》C.《爱国主义教育实施纲要》36.【单选题】 (1分)所谓全球性问题，是指当代国际社会面临的超越国家和地区的界限，关系到整个人类生存与发展的严峻问题。当前全球性问题集中爆发，以下哪项不属于全球性问题（ ）。A.贸易保护主义B.传染性疾病C.恐怖主义D.气候变化37.【单选题】 (1分)是英国的主要立法机关。A.女王B.下议院C.上议院D.政府38.【单选题】 (1分)鸦片战争后，东亚内部权势由（ ）向（ ）转移。A.俄国 日本B.日本 俄国C.中国 日本D.中国 俄国39.【单选题】 (1分)2020年我国经济工作的总基调是（ ）。A.创新驱动B.绿色发展C.高质量发展D.稳中求进40.【单选题】 (1分)2012年，我国国家财政性教育经费首次实现占GDP比例达（ ）%。A.4B.3C.6D.541【多选题】 (2分)立德修身，加强师德师风建设，有哪三项要求？A.要以德立学B.要明道信道C.要以德立身D.要不忘初心42【多选题】 (2分)以下哪些战争使中国逐渐沦为半殖民地半封建社会？（ ）A.抗日战争B.八国联军侵华战争C.两次鸦片战争D.甲午中日战争43【多选题】 (2分)《新时代爱国主义教育实施纲要》以以下哪些选项为根本？A.育新人B.举旗帜C.聚民心D.展形象44【多选题】 (2分)运用仪式礼仪落实新时代爱国主义教育，需要认真贯彻执行的法律是：A.国歌法B.国旗法C.国徽法D.国际法45【多选题】 (2分)以下关于1840年鸦片战争之前东亚地区的表述，正确的是（ ）A.中国与周边国家通过“朝贡”、“册封”等形式形成一种中心-边缘的关系B.东亚地区自成一体，构成了一个独立的地缘政治单元C.中国在东亚长期处于中心地位D.东亚地区“朝贡制度”起于秦汉，历经近2000年46【多选题】 (2分)逆全球化的具体表现为（ ）A.新型贸易保护主义B.英国脱欧公投C.美国宣布退出《巴黎协定》D.欧洲难民潮47【多选题】 (2分)以下有关东南亚国家联盟的表述正确的是（ ）A.10+3机制是指东盟十国与中、日、韩三国B.现有10个成员国C.《曼谷宣言》正式宣告东南亚国家联盟成立D.1967年8月8日成立于泰国曼谷48【多选题】 (2分)以下哪些体现了当前新兴大国的群体性崛起是充满曲折的？（ ）A.民粹主义兴起B.逆全球化势力抬头C.近期俄罗斯、巴西的经济均遇到重大挑战D.中国、印度的增长在放缓49【多选题】 (2分)2008年金融风暴席卷全球，西方成为重灾区的主要表现是（ ）A.日本经济一度跌入负增长B.美国是金融风暴的发源地C.欧盟陷入欧债危机D.恐怖主义在欧洲蔓延50【多选题】 (2分)经过中国人民的百年奋斗，东亚地区出现了哪些新的趋势？（ ）A.中心重新崛起B.实现了东亚一体化C.地区的权势中心由东部转向了西部D.东亚地区重新走向聚合51【多选题】 (2分)当前我们正日益接近中华民族伟大复兴的目标，与此同时，从世界格局和地区格局的变化来看，我们也要对变化的曲折性有清醒的认识。请据此回答：从地区格局的变化来看（ ）A.地区经济的整合仍是初步的，安全上仍是分裂，政治整合仍未破题B.各区域经济一体化组织固有的排他性C.中国的发展从人均的角度看只是接近世界平均水平D.区域一体化深入发展52【多选题】 (2分)2019年中央经济工作会议提出，确保民生要发挥政府作用保基本，注重（ ）。A.及时性B.兜底性C.普惠性D.基础性53【多选题】 (2分)2020年，财政政策要同消费等政策形成合力，促进（ ）“双升级”。A.质量B.消费C.分配D.产业54【多选题】 (2分)2018年中国工业产值占世界的27%，是以下哪些国家的总和？（ ）A.英国B.德国C.韩国D.美国55【多选题】 (2分)坚持中国特色社会主义教育发展道路，就是要：A.坚持社会主义办学方向，落实立德树人的根本任务B.坚持以人民为中心发展教育，努力办好人民满意的教育C.坚持扎根中国大地办教育，推动教育发展同中国实际和中国文化结合起来D.坚持党对教育事业的全面领导，贯彻党的教育方针56【多选题】 (2分)自1840年鸦片战争开始，中国长期奉行的“朝贡制度” 遭遇了“千年未有之变局”,东亚地区出现了以下哪些趋势? （ ）A.中国的周边由仰视变为俯视B.中心塌陷C.内部权势由东向西转移D.领土大片割让，整个地区不断“碎片化”57【多选题】 (2分)充分挖掘重大纪念日来施行爱国主义教育时，可以挖掘的节日资源是：A.“八一”建军节B.“七夕”情人节C.“十一”国庆节D.“七一”党的生日58【多选题】 (2分)以下关于中美贸易战的表述，不正确的是（ ）A.2019年12月13号，中美两国签署中美第一阶段经贸协议B.表明中美两国经贸领域压舱石发生变化C.美国发动对华贸易战，实质上涉及的是中国的经济体制和发展模式的问题D.美欧、美日等贸易战与中美贸易战的性质是相同的59【多选题】 (2分)以下哪些是关于美国“印太战略”的准确表述？（ ）A.对奥巴马“亚太再平衡”战略的继承和发展B.重视印太地区多边组织的作用C.2017年底《美国国家安全战略报告》正式提出“印太战略”D.美国“印太战略”的本质是遏制中国60【多选题】 (2分)党的十八大以来，在党和国家领导人的高度重视下，我国教育事业发展取得突出成就，主要表现有：A.教师队伍素质有效提高B.经费投入持续增加C.教育改革持续推进，国际化程度不断提高D.教育公平向广度和深度拓展61【判断题】 (1分)从1999年至2018年，澳门本地生产总值由519亿澳门元增至4447亿澳门元。A.对B.错62【判断题】 (1分)坚持马克思主义的指导地位是意识形态领域的要求，和教育领域无关。A.对B.错63【判断题】 (1分)并非所有国家的教育发展都是建立在其自身历史土壤之上的。A.对B.错64【判断题】 (1分)2013年1月，中海油供澳门天然气管道正式开工建设，该管道将在未来10年里向澳门输送天然气。A.对B.错65【判断题】 (1分)致力培养担当民族复兴大任时代新人的教育事业，在各项事业中处于一个非常重要的核心性位置。A.错B.对66【判断题】 (1分)以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持把教育放在优先发展的战略位置。A.对B.错67【判断题】 (1分)全球化依然是当今世界的大趋势。A.错B.对68【判断题】 (1分)给学生心灵埋下真善美的种子，引导学生扣好人生每一粒扣子，是思政课教师的根本任务。A.对B.错69【判断题】 (1分)党的领导是立教之本、兴教之源。A.错B.对70【判断题】 (1分)2020年我国经济稳中向好、长期向好的基本趋势没有改变。A.对B.错71【阅读理解（选择）/完型填空】 (5分)坚持以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观、习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，增强“四个意识”，坚定“四个自信”，做到“两个维护”，着眼培养担当民族复兴大任的时代新人，始终高扬爱国主义旗帜，着力培养爱国之情、砥砺强国之志、实践报国之行，使爱国主义成为全体中国人民的坚定信念、精神力量和自觉行动。……结合以上材料，请回答下列问题：【1】《纲要》提出要做到的“三个贯穿始终”是指：【1.0分】A.“聚民心、育新人”的使命任务贯穿始终B.坚持社会主义道路贯彻始终C.中国特色社会主义进入新时代贯穿始终D.习近平总书记系列重要论述贯穿始终【2】制定《纲要》过程中的一个鲜明特点，就是（ ）。【1.0分】A.实践性强B.实事求是C.科学D.坚持群众路线【3】《纲要》共有六个部分、34条，大体上可以分为三个板块，包含以下：【1.0分】A.新时代爱国主义教育的总体要求和基本内容B.新时代爱国主义教育的群体对象、载体手段和氛围营造C.新时代爱国主义教育的组织保障D.新时代爱国教育的根本宗旨【4】爱国主义教育是全民教育。【1.0分】A.对B.错【5】依托自然人文景观和重大工程开展教育，很难通过引导人们领略壮美河山，投身美丽中国建设。【1.0分】A.对B.错72【阅读理解（选择）/完型填空】 (5分)中央经济工作会议，是中共中央、国务院召开的规格最高的经济会议。自20世纪90年以来每年举行一次，一般在每年年尾11月到12月举行。从今年会议的精神来看，无论是坚持以供给侧结构性改革为主线、深化科技体制改革、以创新驱动和改革开放为两个轮子、推进更高水平对外开放，都凸显了“坚持以改革开放为动力”的鲜明导向。我们强调中国经济发展具有巨大潜力，但这种潜力不会自动释放，只有不断深化改革，才能激活蛰伏的发展潜能，为我国经济发展增强底气、增添动力。为此，就必须要牵住改革“牛鼻子”，坚持问题导向、目标导向、结果导向，在重要领域和关键环节改革上敢于啃硬骨头、打硬仗，为推动高质量发展开掘强劲动力。请结合以上材料，回答以下问题：【1】2019年中央经济工作会议于12月（ ）日至12日举行。【1.0分】A.8B.9C.11D.10【2】我国经济增长呈总体平稳、稳中有进的态势持续。【1.0分】A.错B.对【3】对于2020年经济发展的新要求提出了坚持（ ）字当头，坚持宏观政策要稳、微观政策要活、社会政策要托底的政策框架。【1.0分】A.高B.稳C.快D.活【4】新时代抓发展，必须更加突出发展理念，坚定不移贯彻创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念，推动（ ）发展。【1.0分】A.高节约B.高效率C.高质量D.高速度【5】经济发展，关系着破解深层次发展矛盾、决胜全面建成小康社会的大局。【1.0分】A.错B.对

请持续关注“题库之家每日问答”，记得点个赞！问：陈寅恪不认为张生抛弃莺莺是符合当时社会风气的一种现象。（）答：错误问：陈寅恪将王国维等人提倡的新的学术方法概括为三种:()。答：取地下之实物与纸上之疑文互相释证;取异族之故书与吾国之旧籍互相补正取外来之观念与固有之材料互相参证问：陈寅恪是中国现代最负盛名的历史学家、语言学家、古典文学家，著有《隋唐制度渊源略论稿》《中国近三百年学术史》等。（）问：陈寅恪先生在《四声三问》一文中明确指出：“（中古汉语）所以适定为四声，而不为其他数之声者，以除去本易分别，自为一类之，复分别其余之声为平上去三声。综合通计之，适为四声也。”答：入声问：陈寅恪先生主张用经学的方法研究史学。1、在德国每年有30%的毕业生创建自己的公司，在印度的加尔各答管理学院每年有50%的毕业生通过创业实现就业答案：否1、创业团队和一般的群体在某些方面具有共性，如尽量使团队的每个人具有相同的兴趣爱好1、产品进入市场的最佳阶段是在其成熟阶段1、建立会员制是发展新会员的策略1、创业初期，企业应该采取多品种，少批量的进货策略答案：是问：在孔子删诗以前，《诗经》原本有约（）首。答：2000问：赫拉克里特认为世界的本原是（）。答：火问：抵抗人口老龄化的基本路径是（）。答：城镇化发展问：从1999年到2015年的《中华人民共和国职业分类大典》职业数减少了许多,这不是科技的作用力。答：正确问：以下著作中对“中体西用”思想加以理论概括和系统阐发是（ ）答：《劝学篇》问：某公司的一位年轻人工作非常突出，同时也取得了高于同行业平均水平的薪资，但他仍未感到满意。这种现象可用何种激励理论得以解释？（ ）答：需要层次理论问：富强、民主、文明、和谐是社会主义核心价值观的（）答：A问：计算机网络的目标是______答：共享软、硬件和数据资源问：中国最早的专业国际汽车展览会是（ ）。答：上海车展问：曾国藩的奏折从侧面反映了当时社会“山雨欲来”的社会问题。()问：穿西装时，白色衬衫和白色袜子是最常见的选择。（）问：下列关于考古学家应具备的素质的描述错误的是答：不用具备行政管理能力问：洛书中（）居于中央。答：五问：精索静脉曲张的后果是()答：影响睾丸生精能力更多答案请发送题目至“双手速查”工-中-浩，记得点个赞！

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