同济考研历年真题

考研文库：如何寻找考研院校历年真题？考研真题是很重要的复习资料，如何才能获得自己目标院校专业的历年真题呢？大家可以淘宝看看，网上搜下，或者找学长学姐问问，如果都无法获取，可以找考研机构，新祥旭考研专门做一对一辅导的，辅导资料真题都很齐全，他们自己有建立一个为考研的同学方便查信息的文库—考研文库，各个院校专业的考研信息都很齐全，可以了解下。据我了解，新祥旭是05年做北大清华起家的，一开始的定位就在一对一高端定制辅导，师资方面一直都是强项，有很多院校稀缺专业的都能辅导，安排的师资也都是对口的，师资力量都是硕士以上学历的或在校或毕业的专业老师，能很好的抓住学校历年考研动态和信息，考研大家也都知道，信息是很重要的，你对学校专业的情况一无所知，那你怎么去复习呢对不对，所以新祥旭这方面做得很好，毕竟做了十几年，无论是辅导体系还是资料真题以及各个院校专业的考研动态都能很好的给同学们非常大的帮助。虽然学校大多都不公布真题，但是新祥旭考研研究生团队每年都会收集历年真题，一是为了给学生辅导把握考点和研究历年考试内容的变化，二是给学生提供这方面资料，还是非常好用的，推荐大家可以去关注下。

同济大学同济大学2019年同济大学新闻传播学理论615真题一、简答题（3×20分）1、简述拉扎斯菲尔德符合“行政型研究"特征 。2、原生广告的内涵和特征 。3、简述“编码，解码”理论的内涵。二、论述题（2 × 45分）1、材料略。（1）技术给人与社会带来的影响。（2）技术给全人类社会带来了什么挑战？2、材料：一段卡斯特《网络社会》中的话。（1）网络逻辑下，城市公共传播有什么变化。（2）网络社会中社会形态的特点。2019年同济大学新闻传播学实务847 真题一、简答题（3 × 20分）1、简述信度与效度的关系。2、材料《偶像练习生》《创造101》养成系偶像……“粉丝经济”已经进入一个“新的时代 ”，你认同吗？3、在媒介融合的背景下，给新闻生产提出建议。二、论述题（2 × 45分）1、材料：上海进博会的城市形象片运用了航拍镜头……以上海城市形象片或者你看过的一部城市形象片，论述航拍镜头对城市形象片的特殊意义。2、材料：有报道称《×××》报纸的停刊……有人认为“纸媒”会“死掉”，请论述你对此说法的看法。

同济大学双一流、211、985高校教育部直属 上海 1907始。恭喜初心联盟er顺利考入同济大学。感谢大家对初心联盟考研经验征集令的支持。本篇以初试和复试为中心展开分享，希望对大家有所启发。同时，希望还在犹豫的同学们抓住转瞬即逝的时光与机会，共同度过充实的考研时光。目录⊙初试真题集⊙初试经验谈⊙复试经验谈初试真题集◆◆ ◆日语语言文学830必答部分一、翻译（中译日）1、小孩子也有孩子的道理，你听他们说说看画外音：@初心联盟押中 原题如下2、佐藤先生房间的灯一直到凌晨一点还没关，一直来到天亮。3、那时候我年轻不懂事，听信于他，现在我再也不能沉默了。4、……二、阅读理解内容：日本人的兴趣爱好对实际生活并未起到什么作用。1、假名汉字宽大，成败，趣味2、四畳半表达的含义3、句子理解4、句子理解5、句子理解三、阅读理解……选答部分（文学）1、根据作品主人公选择作者作品森鸥外——《舞姬》尾崎红叶——《金色夜叉》《竹取物语》《古事记》川端康成——《雪国》二叶亭四迷——《浮云》樋口一叶——《青梅竹马》2、根据文章选段填写作者作品川端康成《雪国》夏目漱石《我是猫》平内逍遥平《小说神髓》尾崎红叶《金色夜叉》谷崎润一郎《蒲团》幸田露伴《五重塔》芥川龙之介《罗生门》3、完型填空，无选择项主要考察写实主义，自然主义，耽美派等4、四选二简述夏目漱石，大江健三郎，新感觉派等5、多选，选择描述正确的（1）竹取物语（2）与森欧外有联系的（3）与夏目漱石有关的作品（4）……（5）……选答部分（文化）1、名词解释（五选三）黑船来航贝冢无常2、小论文日本人的死生观必答部分（各方向通用）作文：根据所学专业写人生规划及学术研究规划。初试经验谈感觉初试最重要的是每科都要过线！！过线！！过线！！重要的事情说三遍。然后初试考的是基础日语和综合日语。基日题型大概是有阅读、翻译、作文几大类。题蛮多，我写慢了最后一个翻译题时间不够。所以要注意时间！时间！时间！阅读考了一篇芥川龍之介的鼻复试经验谈流程：笔试+面试今年面试还考了英语。以及思想政治。（这个是用中文回答）然后自我介绍。老师会根据你自我介绍的内容进行题目。最后是看一篇文章朗读，考察语音语调。同济大学的猫本篇供稿人：盼盼&SAKATA编辑：Claire

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

找不到考研真题，复习毫无方向，那些读研的人是如何获得真题的？对于每一位打算考研的同学来说，备考之前最让人头疼的就是如何获得报考院校的历年考研真题！毫无疑问的是，历年真题的重要性特别大，考过研的同学都深有体会！那些专业课考到140以上的学霸肯定都是把考研真题研究透彻的同学，但是没有考研真题的话复习不得法，考不到高分，很可能考研失败！那么，在哪里找考研历年真题呢？那些读研的人是如何获得考研资料的？部分院校已不提供考研历年真题，别走弯路，获得真题的好方法在此近几年考研热度居高不小，部分院校已经不再提供考研历年真题，很多同学在考研备考阶段走了很多弯路，就是因为没有真题在手，复习的特别盲目，到最后也没考高分，也没读研。小水在这里结合自身考研的经验，给大家分享一下获得考研历年真题的渠道，想读研的同学请牢记！01、直接去目标院校购买虽然大部分的院校已经不提供考研历年真题，但是还有一些学校会提供一年的考研真题，也就是去年刚考过的那一届真题。不过，你要去学校的研招办询问，他们会直接告诉你是否有。如果你本身不方便，可以找目标院校的学生帮忙打印并邮寄！02、准研究生学姐或学长那获得相比于上面的方法，这个方法可谓是最靠谱的了。无论是考上还是没考上的同学，他们那里大都会有目标院校的考研真题。这里为何要单独强调准研究生呢？主要是他们刚考上，肯定有考研真题在手，而且是考上研究生的，对于真题和复试都有自己的见解，如果此刻结交了，在你进入考研复试的时候也能对你有很大的帮助！不过，对于准研究生来说，他们的资料不是那么好获得的，一般都需要花钱才能做到，毕竟考上研究生的人不会轻易将资料免费送你的。这里注意区别真假，有的骗子就是冒充学长学姐骗钱的，同学们注意！03、网上搜索回忆版现在网络比较发达，很多读研的同学会把考研真题和经验分享到网上，这个时候考生可以根据自己掌握的信息区分。考研真题哪怕是回忆版都比没有强！因为有了真题在手，你复习也有一个方向，再结合考研参考书目的话，基本上就是成功了一半！04、网上多渠道购买对于考研真题，很多人都知道它的重要性，所以网上有很多机构就是卖真题赚钱的。当然也有一些正规的渠道可以购买，考生要注意区分，购买的资料有真有假，需要你结合自身报考的学校分辨才行！以上是大部分读研的同学获得考研真题的方法，找不到真题的同学可以试试。当然，你如果遇到一些比较好心的学长或学姐，如小水这样的，有考研真题是会直接无偿给予的，不过你也得是那位有缘人才行。你还知道其他搜集考研真题的渠道吗？欢迎留言分享您的观点！

考研单词分析：根据初中、高中、四级、六级、研究生五个等级为什么我背了那么多年单词，单词量还是这么少？考研单词难度怎么样？哪些单词考研试卷真题中出现的最多？考研单词在非考试情况下，日常使用频率怎么样？比如看期刊和英文小说我将考研单词分为初中、高中、四六级和研究生五个等级。直观感受上来说，初中单词最常用，也最容易记下来，对分数快速提升最有效，然后依次是高中、四六级、研究生，实际也是如此，下文将逐步分析。一、为什么我背了那么多年单词，单词量还是这么少？从纵向角度来看。市面上的单词书为了兼顾大部分人的需求，会把以前背过的单词也放入进来，使得一个本来就很熟悉的单词也被迫再看几遍。而且人本身就讨厌主动记忆难记的事物，会主动逃避没背过的单词，去背那些曾经背过的单词。是这样的评论区扣个1.举个典型例子，abandon这个单词最早是在高中出现的，但是无论是四六级考研，还是雅思托福，都能看到这个单词。大家戏称官方劝退，每次一背单词就是“放弃”，实在不是什么好的体验。不过大部分人，包括我自己还是会读一读或背一背。所以很多人虽然从小学一路背到考研，实际上大部分时间和注意力都是放在自己熟悉的单词上。从横向角度来看“三天打鱼，两天晒网”是背书最常见的一件事情必须承认的是，无论是大学以前的高考单词，还是现在的考研单词。它的数量对于基础较差的人来说，数量都是很不友好，很多。以我自己高中经历来说，我高一的时候准备半年把高中全部单词背完。计划也很明确，每天一百个单词，一个多月就能背一遍了。真实结果是，背了几天就因为各种原因断了进程，下一次继续背的时候又是从第一页开始背，一直这样循环往复。也就是说，背书没有持久且系统的计划时，会一直背着单词书的前几十页。从我和众多网友交流的经历来看，大部分人都是这样的。根据上面分析推导出的解决方法1、纵向来看，必须将单词按照熟悉程度分为几类，最简单明了的就是根据初中、高中、四六级、研究生这种类别了。2、横向来看，需要制定严格且有效的背单词计划2、考研单词难度怎么样？从单词等级角度：如下图我统计的考研考纲单词占比（考纲单词来源于考研官方发布的考纲）在所有考研单词中：初中单词1478个，占比27%高中单词1610个，占比29%四级单词1346个，占比25%六级单词842个，占比15%研究生单词203个，占比4%考研单词中初中和高中部分单词占比接近一半了，四六级总共占比40%，而真正的研究生等级单词才203个。也就是说，如果是一个一路认真准备高考、四六级的学生，考研单词基本没什么难度。想准备考研的大一大二学弟学妹们，也记得认真对待四六级考试。从单词本身背诵难度上来看：根据研究显示，大部分人瞬间能记住的无规则字母数量最多是6到7个。所以我这里按照单词长度来定义一个单词是否难背。字母数量超过6或者7的单词就是比较难背的了。首先是考研大纲单词中的初中单词，如下图所示：字母数4的数量最多，然后一路减少。1457个单词中，字母数超过7的仅仅只有两百个左右，所以可以判断初中单词是比较简单的。接下来继续看高中单词对照一下，下图是考研大纲单词中的高中单词，如下图所示：考研大纲中的高中单词总量是1610个，和初中单词数量差距不大但是高中单词明显出现了变化，字母数量最多的恰好是字母数6和字母数7,分别是276个和277个，只相差一个。高中单词从字母数7后也逐渐在减少，超过字母数7的的单词数量有500多个。这也很好解释了为什么很多人到高中后觉得单词总体变的更长更难记了。继续看四级单词，如下图所示：四级单词走势和高中单词差不多，但是超过字母数7的后半部分，下降明显更加平缓了四级单词总数是1346个，超过字母数7的单词数量恰好也是500多个。因为四级单词总数比高中少，超过的数量却差不多，也可以认定四级比高中部分又更难了一些。接下来是六级单词，如下图所示：六级单词是842个，从上图中可以看出，主要单词长度集中在6到9这个区间了。换句话说，单词大部分都是长度比较长的单词了。从实际体验来看也是这样，我第一次背六级单词的时候，就明显感觉到难度的增加了。最后是研究生单词了，如下图所示：研究生单词数量比较少，从图表上来看，字母难度介于四级和六级，这倒是挺意外的。难度总结：总的来说，从初中到考研，单词难度是一直增加的。所以如果准备从简单单词开始背的话，可以先背初中单词增加信心。考研考纲总共5500个单词，超过7个字母的单词总共1500个左右，这是很多人必须攻克的一个难关。所以，为了减少不必要的时间浪费，根据等级划分单词来进行背诵是最有效的方法。可以将自己背单词分为五个阶段第一阶段把初中最基本的单词背完，相当于英语扫盲的水平了。第二阶段把高中单词背完，至少能看懂大部分基础文章了。第三阶段把四级单词背完，这个阶段背完了，考研英语二考50-60分基本不是什么难题了。第四阶段把六级部分背完，恭喜你单词水平已经超过大部分人了。第五阶段把剩下的研究生单词背完，考研基本就只剩下超纲词不认识了。三、哪些单词考研试卷真题中出现的最多？上面的分析仅仅是考纲单词中，各等级单词的分布，真正试卷里又是怎么样的呢？会不会我背了所有考纲单词，却很多不考的呢？下面这张图是我以前统计的真题试卷中各等级单词所占比例，详情可以看我以前的分析文章。可以看出，单词等级比例基本和考纲单词中一致。所以出现的多依然是初高中和四六级这些单词。而且从我统计的历年真题单词和考纲对比中来看，基本所有考纲单词都是考过的，并不存在什么不考的单词，只能说哪些单词考的多，哪些考的少。四、考研单词在非考试情况下，日常使用频率怎么样？比如看期刊和英文小说上面的分析都是从官方资料角度分析的，也就是应试角度。那么从日常使用角度，考研单词中各部分单词使用情况又是怎么样呢？首先解释个概念，柯林斯分级词汇，以下解释来自于百度：《柯林斯》是1819年哈珀·柯林斯(Harper Collins)出版集团出版的图书。内含118000条词汇，220000条相关解释，这些词汇在图书、报纸、广播、电视、杂志、信函或演说中被使用过的例句，准确地表达出今天人们所使用的英语词汇的涵义。柯林斯从语料库中将单词在日常生活中的使用频率统计出来，按照频率的高低将单词分级，五星的就是日常生活中最常用的，星级越高越常用，依次类推。我根据柯林斯词表，统计了考研单词中各等级单词的日常使用频率，使用频率5的最常用，依次类推，使用频率1的相对最不常用。（实际上，即使是使用频率1的单词，在整个词库中也是常用的，所以这里写的是相对不常用）为了方便比较，我们将使用频率5、4、3的归为一类，认定为相对常用，2、1的归为一类认定为相对不常用。首先是考研单词中的中考单词：从上图可以看出，中考单词中，相对常用的单词占大部分，符合它这个等级所期待的功能。实际上也是这样，认识全部初中单词后，基本就能一些简答交流和看一些简单文章了。然后是高考单词：到了高中就有明显变化了，相对常用的只有一半多一点了。再看看四级单词：四级单词中，相对常用的已经不足百分之四十了，相对不常用超过了百分50.然后是六级单词：六级单词差距更加明显了，相对常用的仅仅百分之10，相对不常用的基本占据整个图表了。不出意外的话，研究生等级应该差距更加悬殊。最后是研究生单词：研究生单词相对常用的仅仅只有8%了。另外，在相对不常用的单词中，使用频率1的单词也超过了40%。从上面一路看下来，很明显，随着等级的提升，单词再日常使用中的频率也在降低。不常用的英文单词，通常翻译成中文后，这个中文在汉语中也不常用。从另一个角度来说，单词也是越来越难。所以无论是你为了考试还是以后日常英语交流，按照初中到研究生这个顺序是比较合适的。

科目：803建筑设计，满分150分答题要求:1.答题一律做在答题纸上，按照题目顺序做答，做在试卷上无效。2.考试时间180分钟。3.本试卷不得带出考场，违反者作零分处理。题目:书画艺术交流中心设计(回忆版)1.项目概况江南某大城市中心城区，拟设计- -座书画艺术交流中心。设计用地位于城市道路交叉口处，东、南两侧皆为底层是商业的老住宅( 已经被艺术家改为工作室，周边建筑形式见示意图1)，用地面积约1350 m'。该用地是座宣纸生产车间旧址,建筑原为Art Deco风格的无梁结构厂房(柱子形式见示意图2)日现今主体已经损坏，仅存有4个无楼板的混凝土柱，每个柱体高度为4.5m(保护控制高度为6m)为了保留城市记忆，在设计中予以保护(保护控制线见用地平面图，控制线及高度以外空间可利用于设计建造)。2.设计要求--书画展览200㎡ --接待室40㎡--报告厅240㎡ (高度不小于6m) --咖啡/茶室100㎡--大研讨室2*120㎡=240㎡ --开放式阅览室100㎡--小研讨室6*30㎡=180㎡ --藏品室120㎡--书画教室4*60㎡=240㎡ --办公室4*30㎡=120㎡ --装裱车间120㎡ --值班室15㎡--材料仓库60㎡ --卫生间2*20㎡=-40㎡ (男女分设，另设一个残疾人卫生间)3.其他要求1.设计应考虑环境尺度以及建筑与外部空间的关系。2.设计应组织不同的人、货物流线，并与城市道路有效连接。3.应将拟保留的柱子所在空间纳入序列组织并予以充分利用。5.小汽车停车不少于4辆(其中1个无障碍车位) ;小货车位2个。6.需考虑必要的无障碍设计。7.建筑高度不超过18米。4.图纸要求①总平面图(需表达场地与周边关系)②各层平面图③剖立面图④轴测图.⑤其他有必要的图纸，如室内外小透视、分析图等。

同济大学MBA项目第一批提前面试形式为：单独线上个面，取消组面，请想要报考同济大学的同学提前做好准备。同济大学MBA面试内容同济大学提前批考核将以个人面试形式进行，时长约20分钟，满分300分，内容包括以下三部分：1.自我介绍：配合使用PPT进行个人情况介绍，主要包括教育经历、工作经历、报考同济MBA动机、未来职业规划等，时长约5分钟；2.英语能力考查：考查申请人英语听说能力；3.综合能力考查注：授课语言为英文的项目，提前批考核面试全程英文交流同济大学MBA提面真题整理1.你自己运营的的公司有多少人？2.你是怎么运营自己公司的，具体怎么运作？3.你公司未来的愿景是什么，怎么实现？4.简单说一下你们公司的某个产品？5.你学了英文没有证书是什么原因？6.你是做怎么产品的，市场占比怎么样？ 7.你跟你同行之间的差别是什么？8.你认为你们公司对比同行优势在哪里？9.介绍一下你负责的项目？10.你为什么读同济MBA？11.企业经营目标？企业经营的业务与项目？12.招人的核心评判依据是什么？13.你能不能从理论方面解释战略是什么？14.说一下在校期间你的表现？15.你觉得创业者应该具备什么样的素质？16.你们的业绩目标是怎么定的？17.除了参加同济面试，是否还参加了其他院校的面试？18.目前就业的公司排名行业第几？19.推荐人怎么没找领导写呢？？20.你的业绩看起来不错是怎么做到的？21.你有考虑过创业吗？22.说说你的工作职责23.说说你两家公司经营模式的区别？

同济大学（Tongji University），历史悠久、声誉卓著，是国家“双一流”、“211工程”、“985工程”重点建设高校，也是收生标准最严格的大学之一。在第四次学科评估中，同济大学A类学科有：A+：土木工程、环境科学与工程、城乡规划学、管理科学与工程（前2%或前2名）；A：设计学（前2-5%）；A-：数学、机械工程、计算机科学与技术、建筑学、交通运输工程、风景园林学、软件工程排名获得A-（前5-10%）。下面我们来看看同济大学历年考研报考情况。下图为同济大学2019年复试分数线2019年最新报录数据还未公布，先来看看近几年的报录数据。2018年共有16704人报考，报考人数最多的学院有：经济与管理学院、建筑与城市规划学院、土木工程学院、机械与能源工程学院、环境科学与工程学院。报考人数最多的前三个专业：工商管理、建筑与土木工程、建筑学；全日制录取人数最多的前三个专业：建筑与土木工程、建筑学、环境工程。2018年统计大学的报考录取情况：2017年同济大学各专业报考录取情况