2017数二考研真题解析

在研究生考试的所有科目中，考研数学对于很多考生来说都是一道很难逾越的坎。很多同学超过一半的复习时间都花在了考研数学上。即使这样，最终结果却不尽人意。在整个考研数学中高等数学所占比重最大，其中考研数学一和数学三达到了56%，超过了线性代数和概率统计两部分之和，考研数学二占比高达78%。研究生入学考试中数一、数二、数三分别对应不同的专业。这三类试卷中，数一的高数部分又是涉及范围最广，最不容易复习的一类试卷。甚至部分同学为了避开考研数学一，而选择跨专业考试，或者放弃学硕而考专硕，这种情况一定要慎重。为了帮助考研同学更好的规划复习研究生数学考试，小编整理过去十年的研究生考试真题。现将历年考试中常考知识点和部分考试形式总结一下，希望能够对正在考研复习的2020年考生有所帮助。一、2010年~2019年考研数学一高等数学中出现的主要知识点根据2018年最新出版的高教版2019年《全国硕士研究生招生考试大纲》要求，考研数学一考查的内容一共包含八章内容如图：这些内容仅仅从题目上去看，和我们大学一年级学过的高等数学没有什么区别。但是，关键在于在如此众多的知识点当中，哪些知识点是考研数学的重点？哪些又是常考的知识点？又是以什么样的形式来考查呢？篇幅所限，小编简要介绍常考知识点和侧重点。考研高数第一章，函数、极限、连续是整个高等数学的根基，只要谈到高等数学就一定会涉及到这三个概念。甚至可以说离开了这三部分内容，高等数学就无从谈起。本章知识点除了作为基础知识综合到后面各知识点中外，还有些知识反复出现在过去十年的考题当中。比如：求极限用到的等价无穷替换、罗必塔法则等方法，更多的时候是这两个方法相结合效率更高。另外间断点类型判定，应用零点定理证明方程根的存在性。考研高数第二、三章一元函数微积分学作为多元函数微积分以及后续各知识点的基础也是重中之重。当然，在过去十年考研中也是重点考查内容之一。求导数和导数应用是必考内容，并且题型多样，每年都会以不同形式出现不止一个题目。甚至在2013年考研数学一中出现了单独考查这个知识点的两个题目。另外，单调性，极值，凹凸拐点，积分上限函数等等都是一元函数微分学部分的常考内容。定积分定义及性质，积分上限函数、定积分计算、定积分几何应用等等这些都是一元函数积分学当中的常考知识点。在过去十年的考试当中，以上提到的这些知识点考查次数一般都在四、五次以上。考研高数第四章向量代数和空间解析几何，这一部分的知识点单独出现在研究生考试题目中很少见到。但是，这并不意味这一章的知识点不重要。在多元函数微分学的几何应用、多元函数积分学等题目当中都会涉及到空间解析几何知识。对于本章知识点，大家将重点放在空间解析几何的相关知识点与其他章节知识点相结合。考研高数第五、六章多元函数微积分学知识点也是历年研究生考试中必考内容之一。在本部分众多知识点中，二元函数偏导数与全微分的求法，方向导数与梯度计算，曲面的切平面与法线方程是考查的重点。二重积分计算在近三年没有考过，但是过去近十年考查了四次。三重积分应用求形心坐标，十年中考查了三次。第二类线面积分也是常考知识点，在过去十年中有五年都有考查，考察率达到了50%。考研高数第七章无穷级数主要考查点在：级数敛散性的判定，幂级数收敛域、和函数求法，把函数展开成幂级数。以上知识点每年都会考到，只是形式不同而已，一般情况下题目难度不是很大。考研高数第八章常微分方程这一部分知识点的考查主要集中在一阶线性和二阶常系数微分方程的解法。另外线性微分方程解的结构也是较常见考点之一。通常情况下，本部分知识点考查比较简单、直接，只要掌握基本解法就能够应对考试题目。说完了那些考试“热点”，再说说那些考试当中的“冷点”。经过小编的整理，我们发现：在过去的十年考试中，向量代数、高阶导数、柯西中值定理、定积分物理应用、伯努利方程、全微分方程从来没有出现在研究生考试中。第一类线、面积分很少涉及。二、近年考研数学一高等数学主要知识点的考查趋势及2020年那些知识点出现的可能性大？1）过去十年考研数学知识点考查趋势。通过对过去十年常考知识点的总结，从整体来看，小编认为研究生考试重点在于基础，基本概念的理解、基本计算，以及相关性质的熟练运用。考查重点还是在一元微积分学和多元微积分学，而空间解析几何和向量代数考查相对较少。常微分方程历年考查的题型，都是大纲当中基本类型。并且常微分方程这部分知识点过去十年每年都会考到一个题目，这一部分应该说是比较好复习的知识点。其中，一阶线性和二阶常系数线性微分方程出现比较多的。线积分2015年之前考查频繁，近几年没有出现在考题当中。2）哪些知识点会成为2020年考研数学的热点呢？极限、导数这样的知识点在2020年的研究生考试中一定少不了，唯一的区别只是形式不同而已。微分中值定理在2013年，2017年都以11分的大题出现，根据经验2020年考查是大概率事件。积分上限函数过去十年频繁出现，那么2020年会不会再来呢？小编预测，积分上限函数有很大可能结合求极限、导数应用、微分方程以一道大题的形式出现。重积分计算，尤其二重积分在研究生考试中作为一个重点内容，在过去十年中，前几年每年必现，但是近两年没有了踪影，今年会不会出现呢？可能性很大。作为重点考点，线积分与格林公式或斯托克斯公式相结合2015年之后没有再出现过，今年考查的可能性也是较大的。如何更好的应对研究生入学考试呢？小编认为：第一步，对于考研大纲中要求的知识点，注意基本概念、基本方法和基本定理的复习、思考。这些基本知识点，通过反复练习，加深理解。第二步，在对基本知识掌握熟练的前提下，考生还应该对于各个考点分类练习，提高认识。最后，通过真题的练习，寻找考研试题和平时学习中的差异，查漏补缺。　

2021年考研数学（一）题库【历年真题＋章节题库＋模拟试题】第一部分历年真题2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一真题及详解 2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一真题及详解 2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一真题及详解 2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一真题及详解 2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一真题及详解 2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 第二部分　章节题库 高等数学 第一章　函数、极限、连续 第二章　一元函数微分学 第三章　一元函数积分学 第四章　向量代数和空间解析几何 第五章　多元函数微分学 第六章　多元函数积分学 第七章　无穷级数 第八章　常微分方程 线性代数 第一章　行列式 第二章　矩　阵 第三章　向　量 第四章　线性方程组 第五章　矩阵的特征值和特征向量 第六章　二次型 概率论与数理统计 第一章　随机事件和概率 第二章　随机变量及其分布 第三章　多维随机变量及其分布 第四章　随机变量的数字特征 第五章　大数定律和中心极限定理 第六章　数理统计的基本概念 第七章　参数估计 第八章　假设检验 第三部分　模拟试题 全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一模拟试题及详解（一） 全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一模拟试题及详解（二） 全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一模拟试题及详解（三） 更多资料2021年考研数学（一）考试大纲解析2021年考研数学（一）全套资料2021年考研数学（一）考前冲刺班找学习资料就上畅学苑学习网，助您乘风破浪一次通关！

其他院校考研真题广东财经大学考研专业课真题试卷【2013—2020】赣南师范大学考研专业课真题试卷【2011—2020】成都大学考研专业课真题试卷【2015—2020】常州大学考研专业课真题试卷【2009—2020】北京城市学院考研专业课真题试卷【2013—2020】安徽师范大学考研专业课真题试卷【2014—2020】

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

2019公共课，考研平均分以及难度系数公布了！这是教育部考试中心整理的官方数据，而且样本容量大、分析全面，因此具有很高的参考价值。难度系数如何计算如果90%的考生做对这道题，这道题的难度系数就是0.9，难度系数与难度成反比，即难度系数越小，难度越大。英语难度分析一、2019考研英语真题全国平均分 英语一 48.59分 难度系数0.486英语二 52.66分 难度系数0.527二、2019年考研英语难度分析 2019考研英语一抽取了326936名考生的试卷作统计分析，结果如下：从结果看，19考研英语一平均分与18年考研持平，试卷难度不变，标准差与信度也与前两年持平。但是阅读理解A节比18年要难，小作文比18年简单，大作文则更难，整体难度持平。这里我们可以看到考研试卷难度稳定，19年的试题质量很高，难度合理~这也说明考研公共课是很公平的，能够检测大家的真实水平，试题没有投机取巧的余地。英语二的统计数据包含262460位考生的成绩，结果如下：从以上表格可以看出，2017年-2019年英语二的试卷中，阅读理解部分和写作部分难度整体稳定，翻译部分难度较前两年略微提高，但是，A节要稍难于往年，B节比往年稍易。此外，今年英语增加的多事热点部分的词语，相信可能会围绕国际文化交流等出一些问题。数学难度分析2019考研数学真题全国平均分情况如下：数学一65.69 难度系数0.438 难度偏大数学二71.87 难度系数0.479 难度略大数学三76.80 难度系数0.512 难度适中这里将往年平均分一起作了一个对比，结果如下：对于数学来说，大小年的难度很明显：「奇数年较高，偶数年较低」。15年、17年、19年相对简单，16年、18年、20年则会相对难。大家也可发现，19考研数学一和18年持平，数学一二三难度有所分化。从往年数据来看，数学一和数学二在2020考研中难度会有所增大，但不必担心会难出天际，数学三难度应会略有提高，也不应变化太大，不必过于紧张。数学现在不论是二刷强化还是启动真题一刷，做错还是做对，都不要在意得了多少分，一定要将做过的题纳入自己的知识体系和思维结构，不断巩固和加强解题能力。记住：20考研数学是一场硬仗！，必须潜心钻研！政治难度分析首先声明：管理类联考是不考政治的。目前并没有公布平均分及难度系数，但2020政治考研大纲已经公布了，对比去年的考试大纲，只是做了微调。根据往年的数据，政治平均分基本在56~59分之间，人数最多的区间为60～70分。难度系数也是属于中度难度。政治往年的考试题型，16个单选，17个多选，五道分析题。从已发布的大纲来看政治题目也应当依旧稳定，选择题难度可以参考往年。不过，因为每年大题热点都不同的，具体还是要根据自身掌握程度，制定相关复习计划。公共课均分分析由以上列出的平均分以及以往的经验，我们可以简要分析一下各科公共课的特点：政治：政治的均分一般在65分左右，不管是985学校还是211学校，录取生中政治分数差别不大。因此建议大家65保底，往70+冲。当然如果专业是新闻等比较偏文科的专业，大家的政治水平都比较高，建议考到70+。英语：英语是一门你觉得大家都考65，但实际上别人个个70+的科目。因此如果你之前的目标是65的话，就请你再努努力了，65在211学校中属于一般水平，在985学校中甚至有些拖后腿了。数学：数学由于数一、数二、数三难度不同而有所差别；一般来说，985学校数学均分还是在120+的，对于211学校，数学均分也在100+的水平，看下自己有没有达到哦。需要注意的是，以上只是平均分，如果想在复试中有些竞争优势，这些分数可是不够的哦。总而言之，加油努力吧，分数越高越好!希望大家都能好好把握剩下的两个多月，争取一战成硕！

从不浪费时间的人没有工夫抱怨时间不够2020考研如火如荼地进行中，即使假期来临人心躁动，也不能动摇那颗想要复习的心！但今早的一条消息，让我坐不住了...2019公共课的考研平均分以及难度系数公布了！其实按照每年考研的难度，一般是有规律的。我们发现通过对往年统计数据，可以从中预测考研的难度趋势从而使复习进程更具针对性。01英语难度分析2020年的考研大纲在7月份就早早地公布了，可内容上，除了英语大纲增加了部分单词外，并没有太大的变化。大纲上，大作文和英语二是没有差别的，不过是历年真题考察的侧重点不同。英语一历年大作文都是考的漫画题，没有考过图表或者现象分析。一、2019考研英语真题全国平均分 英语一 48.59分 难度系数0.486英语二 52.66分 难度系数0.527二、2019年考研英语难度分析 2019考研英语一抽取了326936名考生的试卷作统计分析，结果如下：这里为大家稍微解释一下「试题难度」。通俗地说，60%的考生做对这道题，这道题的难度系数就是0.6，难度系数越小，代表难度越大。从结果看，19考研英语一平均分与18年考研持平，试卷难度不变，标准差与信度也与前两年持平。但是阅读理解A节比18年要难，小作文比18年简单，大作文则更难，整体难度持平。这里我们可以看到考研试卷难度稳定，19年的试题质量很高，难度合理~这也说明考研公共课是很公平的，能够检测大家的真实水平，试题没有投机取巧的余地。英语二的统计数据包含262460位考生的成绩，结果如下：从以上表格可以看出，2017年-2019年英语二的试卷中，阅读理解部分和写作部分难度整体稳定，翻译部分难度较前两年略微提高，但是，A节要稍难于往年，B节比往年稍易。此外，今年英语增加的多是热点部分的词语，相信可能会围绕国际文化交流等出一些问题。02数学难度分析2019考研数学真题全国平均分情况如下：数学一65.69 难度系数0.438 难度偏大数学二71.87 难度系数0.479 难度略大数学三76.80 难度系数0.512 难度适中这里将往年平均分一起作了一个对比，结果如下：对于数学来说，大小年的难度很明显：「奇数年较高，偶数年较低」。15年、17年、19年相对简单，16年、18年、20年则会相对难。大家也可发现，19考研数学一和18年持平，数学一二三难度有所分化。从往年数据来看，数学一和数学二在2020考研中难度会有所增大，但不必担心会难出天际，16年平均分低出了新境界，当时可是一片骂声啊...其难度估计也是后无来者了，所以大家要辩证分析。数学三难度应会略有提高，也不应变化太大，不必过于紧张。数学现在不论是二刷强化还是启动真题一刷，做错还是做对，都不要在意得了多少分，一定要将做过的题纳入自己的知识体系和思维结构，不断巩固和加强解题能力。记住：「20考研数学是一场硬仗！」，必须潜心钻研！03政治难度分析首先声明：管理类联考是不考政治的。2020政治考研大纲已经公布了，对比去年的考试大纲，只是做了微调。可惜的是，并没有公布平均分及难度系数，根据往年的数据，政治平均分基本在56~59分之间，人数最多的区间为60～70分。难度系数也是属于中度难度。政治往年的考试题型，16个单选，17个多选，五道分析题。从已发布的大纲来看政治题目也应当依旧稳定，选择题难度可以参考往年。不过，因为每年大题热点都不同的，具体还是要根据自身掌握程度，制定相关复习计划。对2020考生最后3个月的复习建议 1、网报倒计时10天！每年都有考生“死”在不同的阶段，「网上报名后，忘记缴费」，「现场确认拖到最后一天才去，结果资料不全」，「现场确认拖到最后一天才去，结果资料不全」「你以为某高校竞争太激烈，却没看到今年它增加了招生名额」等等。考研是一场信息战，很多信息需要收集，而且需要你辨别真伪。2、我们经常会看别人的备考经验，然后借鉴成功的部分，变成自己的。但是每个人的学习方法和时间安排大不不同，有的人在考前可以复习4轮，刷5年真题3套模拟，这个不一定适用于你。所以大家一定要根据自己的工作学习特征，合理制定复习计划。3、手机尤其是考研复习期间的绊脚石，本来是想用手机看在线课程的，可结果呢，微信一响就想看看，新消息通知又想点点。手机在身旁真的会非常影响学习效果，除非你有强大的自控力。4、考研最宝贵的复习资料就是历年真题，有不少同学总是有个误区总觉得真题要留到最后去做。其实你一边复习就可以一边做真题、研究真题，而且在强化、冲刺阶段一定要反复的去研究真题，把真题做个三四遍，这样进考场才会比较有底气。请记住，坚持下去是唯一的办法，是通向梦想唯一的出路，考研真的需要坚持。来源 | MEM网2020年，这12所新增的985/211院校率先公布招生简章，复旦在列

湖师大MJC334一、简答1.新闻报道策划原则(基础题：新闻编辑学基础内容，以新闻编辑学课后题为主，除了课后题外要掌握新编辑，需掌握最基础的内容)2.以我国报纸为例,你怎么看待新闻事业的立场性和阶级性（基础题：党性是阶级性的集中表现、回答党性原则和党性与人民性的关系）3.发展新闻学概念及功能（基础题）4.互联网和新媒体环境下,我国传媒业的新变化案例分析（20天20题 中国互联网25周年新技术与新闻传播业）二、论述1.从4P到4C理论的转变,结合我国传媒业的发展变化,谈谈以受众为中心对我国传媒品牌价值和重要性（基础知识延伸题，新闻学概论知识点，从4C各个环节思考媒体如何实现自身定位、受众调查和追随受众变化，综合运用各种传播手段达到整体传播效果）2.有人说,如果有人每天收集社会阴面,可以整整排满四个版面,虽然每个事情都是真实的,但是反应出来的整个世界却不是真实的,这样的真实性是有缺陷的，谈你的看法（基础题，新闻真实性部分，核心高频考点）三、案例分析题结合新闻价值,谈谈新闻奖作品《乖孩子培养法扼杀创新精神》体现了什么价值（实务题，首先是要熟悉实务理论，并结合新闻价值要素，用作品文本分析具体如何体现了其中的价值要素）解析：整体基础知识偏多，但是设问和问法上比较新颖，题目聚焦高频考点，不规避非高频考点。基础题为主的前提上，越发重视基础知识的延伸和解读，所以要在夯实基础上多进行思考和延伸，补充相关热点让基础知识能够更好的呈现，也体现对学科热点的关注。湖师大MJC440一、名词解释1.粉丝经济（微博预测100题，20天20题）2.去中心化（基础题）3.时务报（基础题）4.反客里空（基础题）5.能指/意符（基础题）二、简答1.民国初期，《申报》和《新闻报》等资产阶级报纸进行企业化改革的背景、举措、意义（基础课内容）2.新文化与五四运动后的新闻改革（基础课内容）3.你认为媒介技术发展趋势是什么（20天20题）4.简述企业CIS宣传（传播学中组织的信息输出活动部分“企业标识系统宣传”，也是复试书目上的知识点，传播学准备要关注细节知识）三、论述1.《新青年》宣传贡献（基础课内容）2.佳姆森认为新闻框架是在一定的新闻文本中建构意义，谈谈你对新闻框架和现实建构的关系（传播学基础知识大众传播与现实“建构”部分，和简答题一样，再次重申传播学要关注细节知识）解析：对于传播学知识的考场更加细致，在复习中不可忽视对于细节知识的理解和把握，新闻史占比较高，要以历史的观点关注新闻史的内容，了解主要事件内容和其处在的时代背景、环境条件和对新闻史的意义和发展）学硕717新闻传播理论一、名词解释(每小题5分,共30分)1、微博 （网络传播概论、20天20题第七题，网传部分的名词解释这两年都来自第三章）2、解释性报道（公众号推送）3、《星法院法令》（基础题，传播学极权主义出版管制制度代表）4、创新与扩散（公众号推送）5、媒介即延伸（公众号推送）二、简答题(每小题10分,共40分)1、简述民主参与理论（基础课内容）2、简述媒介系统在社会系统中的作用 （基础题）3、请简述中国特色社会主义新闻事业的特征。（基础课内容）4、可以从哪几个方面来理解全球传播?(考察相对友好，可以根据传播学教程作答、也可根据公众号推送中国际传播与全球传播比较思路来作答)三、论述题(每小题20分,共40分)1、结合香港风波,请论述西方媒体的新闻理念与双重标准（暑期课，冲刺课 2010年真题变体）2、试论述沉默的螺旋理论中的社会心理,大众传播与社会舆论之间的关系,以及它在互联网环境下的新变化。（模拟考，冲刺课 尽管从问法上更加细致，但是本质还是考察网络传播概论中“网络中‘沉默的螺旋’的形成机制”。论述题考察的两道题知识点相对常规，问法上有些绕弯子。）四、材料分析题(每小题20分,共40分）1、一则两会运用AI等技术进行新闻报道的材料,分析主流媒体在智能媒体时代如何创新新闻报道。（模拟考，冲刺课，20天20题、公众号推送：彭兰老师论文）2、一则关于 Facebook的 News Tap算法把关的材料,论述把关人现象。（模拟考，冲刺课、网络传播概论部分）解析：整体来看基础题目较多，但是考察的基础知识部分更加细致和灵活。要求我们要对基础知识的理解和了解更加深刻，不断对基础知识溯源，尤其是在网络传播的基础上也要多关注彭兰老师的相关论文）学硕831新闻传播实务一、名词解释(每小题5分,共20分)1、数据新闻（20天20题）2、情景记者（基础题，考察相对较偏。新闻采访与写作中阎吾的军事报道）3、物联网（20天20题）4、新闻敏感（新闻采访与写作基础题）二、简答题（每小题10分,共40分）1、请简述信息图表制作与传播中的常见误区 （网络传播概论基础题目）2、简述网络新闻传播中的把关机制 （网络传播概论基础题目）3、新闻采访前准备有哪些主要内容?（新闻采访与写作基础题）4、简述现场观察时的注意事项（新闻采访与写作基础题）三、论述题(每小题20分,共20分)结合具体案例,试论述网络时代下的议程设置（微博预测100题、小班课，真题讲解新媒体环境下议程设置理论的流变）四、实务操作题(每小题35分,共70分）1、一篇关于中国射箭获得四枚金牌的体育消息请分析:(1)如果将该消息改写成倒金字塔结构,你认为它的导语有什么不妥之处;(2)如果该消息是现场报道,你认为有什么不足之处（评析实务班，体育新闻报道）(3)记者在比赛前、比赛中和比赛后,应该做好哪些准备工 （新闻采访与写作基础延伸知识）2、请以“删繁就简三秋树”为题,写一篇时评,1000字左右（本题目在理解诗句含义的基础上作答会更容易，选自郑板桥题书斋联，画面要想秋天的树那样没有细枝密叶，一最简练的笔墨表现最丰富的内容，以少胜多的效果。学硕曾在18年考过评论赏析，较少直接考评论写作，专硕在2017年前多年考察“命题目”的评论，学硕的实务一要注意：消息、评论、策划等的文本格式要求；二要提升写作能力，才能应对多样的实务题目）解析：新闻采访与写作上考察的基础题目较多，需要详细梳理，以求知识掌握的广度，避免盲区。在实务上，除了掌握应试的技巧，更需要提升写作能力和语言逻辑，这才是应对灵活多样的实务题目的关键。作者: 萌贤编辑: 米太阳主编：羽生我是爱酱，专注新传考研辅导六年，想得到更多新传前沿热点及干货分享，可以关注我，或请关注公众号：爱传播。

专硕334一、策划共和国勋章获得者袁LP的耐盐碱水稻在塔克拉玛干沙漠大面积试种成功，提升国家粮食安全保障水平，写一篇报道策划方案。简析：持续考察了两年的专题策划，终于又回到了报道策划。18年以前华科策划题目的规律是一年报道策划一年采访提纲。自18年起，连续两年考察了专题策划。因此明年考察采访提纲也是未尝不可。从题材来看，可发现华科还是延续了往年的比较红的风格，消息题材亦如此，建议考华科的同学平常多注意这些国家大事！二、消息华尔街日报体的消息写球鞋炒卖简析：据考生反映今年最难的应该就是消息改写了，华科往年都是考察的金字塔结构，但是今年考察的是华尔街日报体。华尔街日报体并不是一个少见的题材，很多学校都考过。这也给了来年考生一个警醒，不要紧盯着惯有风格，多想想还可能会考什么？其他学校考过什么？简答(传播学方向)三、简答题1、传播学研究方法（暑期课程讲过）2、记者和信源的关系简析：看到这两题，差点以为这是学硕的题目，但是仔细一看，网络传播学改为了传播学，故考察这两道题也是情理之中了。华科无论是本科生培养还是硕士生培养体系都非常注重研究方法的规范性，罗列传播学研究方法这应该是研究方法中最基础的，这两道题也都是算比较基础的题目了，爱传播基础课程中都讲过，但这并不意味着明年还是这么基础的题目，毕竟今年是改为传播学的第一年。四、论述智能算法时代，把关人在今日头条这种媒体中是否消解。（微博预测100题/模拟考出现了原题）简析：这道题是北京师范大学2018年的真题，爱传播模拟考、冲刺课和微博预测100题都详细讲解过，同时这也是张明新院长2019年的一篇论文内容。这类题目考察的是旧理论在新环境下的变化，考前必备题目。目前新闻传播学科论述题都不会单纯地考察一个旧理论，毕竟论述题是要有点难度的，因此旧理论+新变化是整体的一个考察趋势，这也要求考生在考前复习中多多注意这一点。（多看相关论文多做整理）三、简答(评论方向)1.论据的选择和使用的重要性2.网络新闻评论的新特点评论实务 量子波动速读（公众号推送）简析：评论题目整体和往年真题一样较为基础，一道很传统的题目，一道和网络、新媒体相关的题目，外加一个热点时评，爱传播评论课都讲过，热点时评题材也说过，公众号押题也出过。华科无论是复试考评论还是初试考评论无外乎三类题材：教育（2018复试）、社会（2017、2018）、政治（2019），对比其他方向的题目，不偏不难，评论题目是最简单的，今年比较容易出高分。简析总评：整体来说，334还是保持着华科惯有的题型风格，策划、消息简答和论述，整体来说题目考察要求更为偏向基础，题目难度一般，但基本都是很容易被考生忽略的小知识点，比如华尔街日报体和记者和信源的关系。往年华科是很喜欢考察往年真题，从今年出其不意的风格来看，我们能发现试卷透露出的摆脱惯例的意味。所以这给了21级考生一个复习的方向，多年没考过的知识点也得多看几眼。专硕440一、简答经验学派和批判学派的差别（公众号推送）隐性采访的原则 （基础课）我国当前新闻传播体制 （基础课）传统媒体结构的三驾马车新文化运动的报刊改革大众报刊的特点简析：除了三架马车的题目外，其他题目均比较简单和常见，爱传播系列课程中均有提及过。三架马车考察的是媒介经营管理的内容，参考书有简单提及过，三驾马车是10-15年的学界热点。这道题如果不会写，真的不能怪你们。给21级考生的建议，平常多看一些核心期刊的论文，不管看不看得懂，多瞅几眼总是没错的。二、论述第三人效果现实意义和学术价值（公众号推送）5g应用下的媒体融合前景 （公众号推送/ 微博预测100题）延安整风后的中共党报理论的主要观点媒介审判事件的表现形式，原因，影响。（基础课）简析：今年440的论述题属于送分题，比较简单。新颖的点有两点，第一点在于考察了华科“千百年”都没有考过的第三人效果，出其不意，类似的理论华科很多年都没考过的还有分众理论和框架理论，来年考生可多多注意。第二点在于考察了5G热点和媒介融合热点，媒介融合是华科每年都会考察的，变着法地玩花样，对比华科老师们的论文，但花样也是有迹可循的，5G的这道题正好就是张明新院长今年在《新闻爱好者》上发的一篇文章内容。简析总评：440和334一样，都还是保持着较为基础的风格，不难，但偶尔有一两个较偏的题目，风格无大变。从440的真题来看，建议21级的考生注意几点，一要多背书，书上的内容还是不能丢，二复习时需要注意频考点和从来没考过的知识点，三考纲和参考书目录很重要，华科考察的题目都不难，也都不是小的知识点；四注意华科博导们的论文，至少近三年的需要看看。学硕620一、名词解释弥尔顿论出版自由全媒体传播体系（冲刺课程）时务报（基础课）邹韬奋（基础课）（公众号推送）沉默螺旋（公众号推送）把关人（公众号推送）二、简答1.新闻价值的客观性与真实性（基础课）2.时报的特点地位（基础课）3.我国新闻传播体制4.马克思办报历程5.新闻框架（公众号推送）6.国家主权与信息主权（冲刺课程）三、论述1.算法在数据新闻的应用及伦理 （微博预测100题）2.互联网对新闻传播新秩序的影响 （公众号推送、冲刺课程）3.议程设置理论的特点 （微博预测100题、公众号推送）简析总评：整体来说，学硕上午卷题目比较简单，都是非常基础的题目，这些内容爱传播基础课都基本讲过。同时这些题目看着眼熟，对比了下往年专硕真题发现，很多知识点都是专硕曾经考察过的题目，换汤不换药，问法有变，但是知识点没有变化。这部分的真题考察的热点有两个，一个是考察了算法在数据新闻的应用伦理，根本上考察的是技术伦理。技术伦理是华科最喜欢考察的，专硕的网传（现为传播学）方向几乎每年都会有一个技术伦理的真题。二一个是根据互联网40周年考察了互联网对新闻传播秩序的影响，但是这道题也不难，虽然没有论文可寻，但是钟瑛老师那本网络传播学概论有提及。故，21级考生复习的时候一定要多背，这部分背好书了就是王者，同时也可以用专硕的440复习资料（可参考爱传播华科复习资料），考察内容覆盖面基本一样，只不过多了名词解释题型而已。学硕866一、策划题(30分) 大别山地区红色形象宣传策划报道 。二、消息改写 (40分) 鹦歌山保护区工作站迎来了27名大学生。评论方向三、新闻评论1.简述新闻评论作为政论体裁文体， 有哪些特征？(20分) 2.后真相时代，新闻评论创作者如何防止写作的"'青绪化" (20分) 四、评论(40分) 就当前世界发展状况， 结合材料互联网大会的主题"携手共建网络空间共同体", 以及X互联网发展新理念， 写一篇800字的评论。 简析总评：886对应的是专硕的334，题型一样，一道策划一道消息改写加上方向选题。今年是华科恢复学硕招生的第二年，较之去年的真题，今年的题目难度整体下降，重基础是最大的特征。值得注意的是学硕的策划并没有像专硕重新闻方向的，今年出的题是公关广告方向的题目，这提醒了学硕的考生们在备考时需注意练习多种策划提醒，包括专题策划、采访提纲、公关策划、宣传策划等等，毕竟陈先红老师带头的公关和舒咏平老师带头的广告学科也是华科新闻学院的王牌专业。新闻评论和专硕的334一样，基础理论1题，联系热点的评论1题，实务评论1题，题材内容两者也都有相同之处，复习方法可一样。建议考学硕的同学在备考时也可参考专硕的理念真题。此外，去年学硕考的研究计划虽然今年没考，但是考生在备考时依旧需要重点复习。作者: 羽生编辑: 羽生主编：羽生我是爱酱，专注新传考研辅导五年，想得到更多新传前沿热点及干货分享，可以关注我，或请关注公众号：爱传播。

研究生教育肩负着国家高层次人才培养和创新创造的重要使命，是国家发展、社会进步的重要基石，是应对全球人才竞争的基础布局。当前，新的时代背景和发展任务对研究生的选拔与培养提出了更高要求。为助力研究生培训教育改革与发展，新东方教育科技集团携手易观分析，发布考研培训行业研究报告，对中国考研培训行业进行全面分析和洞察，并从2022年考情分析和备考策略两大维度入手，深度剖析考研趋势和原理，推出《2022中国大学生考研白皮书》，为备考学子保驾护航。4月10日，新东方《2022中国大学生考研白皮书》发布会在京举行。新东方教育科技集团董事长俞敏洪出席发布会并面向现场700余大学生发表励志演讲，新东方教育科技集团副总裁、新东方大学事业部总经理许顺康、易观分析总裁刘怡对白皮书进行了深入解读，新东方教育科技集团资深考研教师王江涛分享了考研备考攻略。本场发布会从考研趋势到备考指导，再到个人成长与发展规划，多维度为大学生指点迷津。研究生学历成求职“硬通货”，多因素驱动考研热2021年，中国考研报名人数达377万人，较2020年增长10.6%，自2016年以来考研报名人数逐年攀升，“考研热”备受关注。为了帮助考研学子更准确地把握趋势、科学备考，新东方自2017年首次发布《中国大学生考研白皮书》以来，已连续发布四年，凭借大数据优势和教学教研积淀，呈现考研发展历程、方向趋势及备考经验，为考生指点航向，在大学生中产生良好反响。最新发布的《2022中国大学生考研白皮书》有两大亮点。首先，由一本增至三本，内容更加丰富详实。其中重新编排的《考纲篇》汇集了过去几年的考研真题解析，从各科目考情分析到备考策略，为考生提供详细指导；《考研志》则通过全国26个城市考研成功学子的经验和心得分享，解答考研学子最关心的话题，并给予其精神的鼓舞。值得注意的是，今年新东方首次联合第三方大数据分析机构易观分析，发布《中国考研培训行业白皮书2021》，从行业发展现状、行业竞争格局、行业用户洞察以及行业发展趋势四个层面对中国考研培训行业进行了全面的分析和洞察。该报告历时94天完成，调研样本覆盖全国25个城市，力图呈现中国考研行业的真实图景，为学生和从业者提供更加客观权威的数据参考。4月10日，易观分析总裁刘怡莅临发布会，就考研热的背景、考研培训行业的现状及发展趋势进行了专业解读。刘怡表示，考研人数的逐年攀升，是政策、经济、社会、技术等因素共同驱动的结果。一方面，中国经济发展模式的切换引发人才需求变化，叠加疫情后经济放缓，导致企业招聘规模缩减，对人才的复合能力要求越来越高。另一方面，“灵活用工”的迅速发展，使得个体和组织的关系发生变化，人才的高频流动意味着口碑等软实力的效力减弱，简历上的“硬通货”背书愈发重要，而研究生学历就是其中之一。政策方面，研究生招生规模连续扩大且结构不断优化，带来了更多机会，2020年招生突破100万人，其中专业硕士招生占比超60%。而企事业单位对学历要求的提升和研究生学历的薪资优势，也令研究生学历备受追捧。易观分析预测，在上述因素驱动下，未来研究生报考人数还将继续保持增长。往届生占半数，“三跨”生占比高，考研难度加大新的经济社会背景下，考研人群特性、院校选择有哪些新趋势？考生的需求有哪些变化？新东方教育科技集团副总裁、新东方大学事业部总经理许顺康，结合白皮书进行了深入解读。许顺康表示，近年来考研人群有两个特征值得关注。一是往届生占比持续提升。2020年往届生占研究生报名总人数的比例高达49.1%，部分院校往届生报考比例约六成，而往届生群体普遍缺乏学习资源与备考环境，另外，重点院校研究生推免比例居高不下，导致以重点院校为目标的考生面临更为激烈的竞争；二是“三跨生”占比较高。跨专业、跨学校、跨地区报考考生占比分别为48%、78%、63%，这部分学生不仅需要专业的学科知识辅导，更需要系统的规划和方向指引。随着在线学习方式融入新生代学生人群，学习场景正在发生改变，而疫情进一步改变了学生的备考习惯。《中国考研培训行业白皮书2021》显示，在考研培训授课方式上，用户更加偏好OMO授课模式。易观认为该模式能够融合线上线下教培优势，形成完整的备考链路，带来更好的用户体验和学习效果。据此判断，线上线下融合发展，将成为考研培训行业主流。《中国考研培训行业白皮书2021》还显示，21至24岁的青年是考研大军的绝对主力，随着00后作为互联网原住民逐渐成为考研主体，学生考研需求更加复杂多元，从以上课接受辅导为主，变为包括院校信息、试题、复习方法甚至心理辅导在内的综合性服务，信息接收与获取方式也呈现个性化趋势。许顺康表示，为满足考研群体不断变化的需求，近年来，新东方深耕一站式服务与OMO模式，通过产品与模式的升级，不断提升考研培训的体验和效果。一方面，在英语优势科目的基础上，实现考研培训全学科均衡发展，并基于技术手段和大数据积累，为学生指导考研目标制定和各阶段复习计划，制定个性化考研方案，力求提升学生备考效率。另一方面，发力OMO模式，将线上线下资源全面打通和复用，实现全场景、全阶段的高效融合。如线上可以满足学生在线课程、题库刷题、背单词等高频需求，而线下则提供重难点答疑、模拟测试，保障学习氛围及效果。目前新东方考研已形成较为成熟的线上线下产品体系：通过考研无忧计划、考研集训营、考研全科课程等产品矩阵，以及“新东方考研APP”、"新东方在线APP"等在线工具，搭建起一站式教育平台，为学生提供便捷高效的学习体验。据悉，2020年新东方考研服务学员数量超40万人次，位居行业头部地位。除考研外，新东方的教学与服务已覆盖四六级、托福、雅思、GRE、GMAT等国内外升学考试，以及教师资格证考试、财会考试等职业考试，针对学生从大一到大四的多元化学习需求，提供全周期一站式解决方案。发布会上，新东方资深教师王江涛分享了2022考研英语高分攻略，即攻克词汇、精研真题、适当模考，他分别就三方面为考研学子详细答疑解惑，并以三位学生“逆袭”名校的故事，鼓舞大学生逐梦前行，风趣、励志的演讲博得阵阵掌声。新东方关注大学生学习，更致力于其终身成长作为大学生的“老朋友”，新东方教育科技集团董事长俞敏洪再次登台开讲，为考生注入信心与力量。俞敏洪表示，人生的两个要素，第一是抓住当下，第二是关注未来，而设定目标便是连接当下与未来的重要方式。对大学生来说，考研便是一个“务实”的目标，能够引领其迈上更高的台阶。“不过，上不上研究生，不能决定人生的河流能流多远，想爬的山能爬多高，因为我们处在一个变动的、开放的、有着无限可能性的社会。”在充满机遇的时代，最重要的是拥有奋斗的动力和奋斗的精神，他勉励学生塑造专注、大气、乐观、向上的素质和品格，并养成自律的习惯，用奋斗实现理想。正如俞敏洪所言，大学不仅是求学的黄金时期，更是锤炼职业竞争力、塑造人品人格的关键阶段。为了更好地满足学生的学习与发展需求，新东方整合优质资源，在2020年5月成立了大学生学习与发展中心，在提供升学、求职类教学服务的同时，更关注大学生的自我成长与发展，不仅通过专业的职业规划和职业测评、丰富的实习产品和就业指导，帮助大学生找准自己的职业定位、提高未来的职业竞争力，更通过公益活动、主题讲座，引领大学生在学好知识、增长才干的同时，树立积极向上的人生观、价值观，形成受益一生的精神和品质。事实上，新东方始终将提升青年的精神力视为己任，并付出坚实行动，如连续16年开展“梦想之旅”系列活动，俞敏洪率领团队以边走边演讲的形式，把励志火种洒向全国；先后出资1亿元，已连续13年在全国寻访“中国大学生自强之星”，激励大学生自立自强；连续7年发起“百日行动派”，带领学生在一点一滴的坚持中成就更好的自己。今后，这些活动还将以创新的方式深入开展。目前，新东方已在全国27个城市建立了118个大学生学习与发展中心。未来，新东方大学生学习与发展中心将坚持践行新东方“终身学习、全球视野、独立人格、社会责任”的核心教育理念，继续完善教学产品和教学模式，助力大学生成为志存高远、脚踏实地、具备全球视野与国际竞争力的优秀人才，为中国的创新发展贡献力量。