上外研究生考研真题

辛苦码字整理！收藏点赞，会有好运气噢！不要默默收藏不点赞噢！想要了解更多我的文章，欢迎关注微信公众号：Omigado知乎号：沉迷橘子无法自拔后续会发布我与创业小伙伴的：语言学学习经历，商科学习经历，应聘经历，分享对外汉语教案，保研笔试面试经历，出国当英语教师志愿者经历，考教资经历，考驾照经历等等！欢迎你来！九推的时候去了上外考试，现在送上回忆版给有想法去上外的小伙伴啊？我的笔试和面试都过线了！但是！此次去考应用语言学的同学，上外一个都没有收，所以也算是造福了考研的小伙伴吧！上海外滩那么正式开始啦！一、名词解释普通语言学语法化语法组合规则洋泾浜音位语素言内行为语法范畴社会方言二、判断题三、填空小学：语流音变四个主要：语境：索绪尔语言符号两个性质：四、两道分析文字是语言的最重要的辅助性工具，原因是什么？结合汉字特点谈谈对汉字规范化的理解。英语词语多，汉语汉字少，有人觉得汉语匮乏，你怎么看？五、三道大题死的山羊/绵羊山羊/绵羊死的分析句法上的不同差异分析差异选择31述补还是22述宾？站在门口等等2005-2009年时隔三年还是时隔四年，理由？

[全套]2021年上海外国语大学新闻传播学院837传播学理论考研全套资料考研真题及详解名校考研真题[视频讲解]中国传媒大学713传播历史与理论考研真题及详解中国传媒大学全国硕士研究生入学统一考试传播历史与理论试题答题说明：答案一律写在答题纸上，不需抄题，标明题号即可，答在试题上无效。一、名词解释（每题6分，共30分）1．英尼斯2．数字鸿沟3．拟态环境4．潜网5．内容分析法二、简答题（每题15分，共30分）1．符号的结构和特性。2．简述“麻醉精神”。三、论述题（每题30分，共90分）1．受众的概念在web2.0时代是否还能使用？2．大众媒介的基本运营模式是什么？新媒介又有什么样的变化？3．写出至少三个国际知名媒介的机构，并评述之。参考答案：2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试答：英尼斯是最有影响的媒介决定论者之一，多伦多学派的鼻祖，麦克卢汉的老师。20世纪40年代他从加拿大经济史逐渐转向了对人类文明史的研究，在传播与媒介研究方面的代表作包括《帝国与传播》和《传播的偏向》。他提出的主要理论是媒介偏向论，他认为，没有一样传播媒介是不具有时间和空间的偏向的，而这种或偏向时间或偏向空间的特性，影响了社会的知识状况、权力结构和政治形态。他认为，偏向时间的媒介包括语言、石头、黏土、羊皮纸等，它们共同的特点是比较耐久，能够克服时间的障碍但是不适合流通和传播。这种媒介有助于树立权威、形成等级森严的社会体制，有利于传统和宗教的稳定性。然而这种媒介的时间性使得它无法及于远方，也导致了社会的不均衡。偏向空间的媒介包括文字、纸张以及更早期的纸莎草等。这些东西作为媒介的共同特点是，虽然经不起时间的销蚀，但是非常轻便易携，可以克服空间的障碍。这种媒介有助于帝国的扩张、知识的扩散以及世俗政权的建立。它能够帮助中央政权控制更大的疆界，但是却有可能削弱中央的权威。答：“数字鸿沟”是指由于信息和通信技术的全球发展和应用，造成或拉大的国与国之间以及国家内部群体之间的差距。大众传播的信息传达活动无论是对社会经济地位高者还是低者都会带来知识量的增加，但由于社会经济地位高的人获得信息和知识的速度大大快于后者，随着时间的推移，最终的结果是两者之问的鸿沟不断变宽，差距不断扩大。导致数字鸿沟的原因有：(1)接触媒介和学习知识的经济条件；(2)传播技能上的差异；(3)已有知识储存量上的差异；(4)社交范围的差异；(5)信息的选择性接触、理解和记忆的因素；(6)大众传播媒介的性质。答：拟态环境（pseudo environment）是指由大众传播活动形成的信息环境。是说明大众传播社会影响力的重要概念，由美国学者李普曼在其所著的《公众舆论》一书中提出。拟态环境是传播媒介通过对象征性事件或信息进行选择和加工、重新加以结构化以后向人们提示的环境，并不是现实环境的镜子式的再现。由于这种加工、选择和结构化活动是在一般人看不见的地方（媒介内部）进行的，所以人们通常意识不到这一点，而往往把“拟态环境”作为客观环境本身来看待。大众传播形成的拟态环境，不仅制约人的认知和行为，而且通过制约人的认识和行为来对客观的现实环境产生影响。这样一种机制，不仅使得现代环境越来越信息化，而且信息环境也越来越环境化。即大众传播提示的信息环境，越来越有了演化为现实环境的趋势。答：潜网理论是控制研究的重要理论，是指任何处于特定社会环境中的传播媒介都担负着社会控制的职能，而这类控制往往是一种潜移默化、不易察觉的过程，用一个形象的词来概括就是潜网。。如刚踏入新闻界的年轻记者无所顾忌、敢作敢为，但最终会变得同老记者一样循规蹈矩，将自己逐渐融入那张潜网。这张潜网便是布里德所说的编辑部中的社会控制。潜网一方面可以确保媒介组织的传授意向顺利贯彻下去，另一方面还防止不懂规矩的新来者对媒介组织既定行现的干扰。布里德认为潜网存在的原因是社会的主要问题就是维护秩序和增强凝聚力，尤其是保持价值体系的一致。暗存在媒介中的这种控制网络是特定社会环境中更大范围的社会控制体系的折射。答：内容分析法（content analysis）是传播学定量研究方法之一，传播学先驱拉斯韦尔最早使用这一方法对宣传内容进行了研究。内容分析法是指一种对明示的传播内容进行客观、系统和定量描述的调查方法。内容分析具有三个特点：①客观性。必须要有明确的客观规则，保证不同的分析者分析同一素材能够得出相同的结论；②系统性。讯息内容或类型的取舍选择要有首尾一贯的标准，防止分析者仅选择支持自己见解的材料；③普遍性。将讯息属性和传播者以及受传者的特征联系起来，其目的是为了获得具有科学价值和理论意义的结果，而不是纯粹的“描述性”信息。内容分析的基本过程是“确定课题→选定对象→实施调查→整理分析→提出结论”。答：符号是用来指称或代表其他事物的象征物。符号可以表示某物、某事等具体存在，也可以表示精神抽象的概念。因此，它是有意义的。它是一种有意义的象征物。它是传播者和受众间的中介物，单独存在于其间，承载着交流双方向对方发出的信息。（1）符号的结构符号的结构，分为“能指（Signifier）”和“所指（Signified）”。“能指”即符号形式，是指人们感官可以感知的部分，如文字的字形与读音，如绘画图形、汽笛呜叫、人体动作等。“所指”即符号意义，是指符号所包含的内容和概念。具体而言，社会中人们共有的是符号的形式、符号的指说对象和符号的部分意义，而非全部意义。社会成员所感知的符号形式都是共同的，其所指代的目标对象也是人们知晓的，并达成一致的。然而，在符号的意义方面，社会成员的认识和理解却有相当大的差异。符号意义可以分为表示性意义（或称辞典意义）和内涵性意义（或称引申意义）。前者指在符号与指说对象首次联系中产生的意义，适用于所有使用符号的社会成员。人们在这个层面上，可以有一致的看法，其意义是大家共通的。这是社会中信息传播活动的基础，否则人们无法进行基本的交流。后者指在符号与指说对象二次联系中产生的意义，它可适用于一个或几个人，也可能适用于社会中的部分成员，这是社会成员的个体经验的产物。这种意义不能做到所有人共通，不过，在一定范围内，它为一部分人所共有。各种俚语、隐语、行话、切口、黑话，以至如今的网络语言，都可以表明符号的这种复杂的社会共有性。本文选自“才聪学习网”考研推荐！

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

交白卷和看到答案的考生2019年研究生考试各种奇葩新闻2019年的硕士研究生考试已经结束，然而在网络中曝光的各种奇葩新闻却有点让人拉眼睛，辛苦一年努力复习的考生们在普通高校山东师大遇到了带答案的试卷，而985高校的电子科技大学居然把专业课的试卷发错，面对发错的试卷，考生们只能枯坐3小时，最后无奈交白卷，从中国的普通高校到985高校，都已经把说硕士研究生考试不当回事，用中国的依据俗语，当你对别人不当回事的时候，别人也会对你不当回事，当高校自己都对研究生考试不当回事的时候，那么如何要求高校的导师们对研究生培育当回事？中国高等教育堪忧中国的高等教育堪忧最近几年，中国的全国研究生统考频繁出现泄题事件，那么对于高校的专业考试来说，那么更是一种敷衍差事，山西师范大学的老师们甚至懒得去重新出题，直接把去年的试卷拿来直接对考生进行考核，当被网络曝光时，校方才无奈地通知考生在12月26日重新考试，高校的教授们遇到不断扩招的生源，以及高校的各种变态考核制度，在年底疲于应付各项考核的老师们只能通过敷衍试卷来变相地抗议，不在高校的人们，不会感受到高校的各种考核评价体系的变态，从财务审核报销到繁忙的各种会晤，加上年底的科研考核申报，中国高校的教授们都疲于应对，严进宽出的硕士研究生已经成为常态，自从研究生自费开始，高校都通过各种手段想要提高研究生的招收数量，清华和北大等很多高校研究生数量早已超越了本科生数量，清华北大金本科、银硕士、铜博士并不是没有道理，中国的高等教育质量堪忧！高校研究生和导师们的相互吐槽高校研究生和导师们的相互吐槽最近针对研究生考试，小编写了大量文章，通过高校和社会的一些现象来探讨目前中国研究生学位的含金量，针对网红考研教师张雪峰的言论写过《中国高等教育的悲哀：把考研辅导班竟然办成了一项产业！》的文章，也根据中国就业市场报告写过《高校辅导员也要求博士毕业！难道中国高学历就业市场已经饱和？》的文章，更多的是针对目前中国高等教育体系内研究生和导师们的相互吐槽，中国应试教育培养的研究生们认为自己被导师当成佣人，处处为难自己，以至于中国的研究生都称自己的导师为老板，而中国的高校的教授们却吐槽中国的研究生生源质量太差，需要导师当保姆式的帮助，本来可以自己查文献的事情，也需要导师去帮着找资料，实验需要导师催促着去做，甚至连毕业论文都需要导师帮着去写。很多人在小编文章下留言说小编观点的错误，其实这是由于中国高校研究生教育质量差异造成的，很多不具备研究生导师资格的导师靠着压迫学生去完成工作，而很多名校的导师们都具备有海外留学宽进严出的经历，他们对比自己在海外全靠自己的主动时学习，国内的研究生们面对严进宽出，他们对待科研实验失去热情，只想获得一纸名校的毕业证，这也是为何江苏一名高校教授痛心疾首地说：“自己花费20多万培养的研究生却去苏宁当了销售！”因此，当你觉得某些观点不正确的时候，也许你观察事物站的角度可能不同，当你换一个角度，重新审视某一事物时，你就会发现自己曾今的错误观点，欢迎大家留言吐槽！

所有备战研究生的学生听到最多的一句话，就是研究真题。如何做呢？1、英语先声明一点，考研没有强制要求必须过了四六级。所以没有考四六级的同学们大可放心了（有学校明确提出要求的慎重报考）。1.1 背真题中的单词。考研我没有准备单词书，报班了但是效果不太好，最终只有自己学习了。买了套年的真题，把真题上面所有的单词都被过了。查单词的过程是相当的痛苦，但是坚持下来了，然后就是把单词的意思背过，死记硬背，我没有任何技巧。1.2 研究选项。做完题之后，最痛快的时候就是对答案了。相信大部分人是做对了就不管了，只管做错的题。而且也是看为什么选A，不研究为什么不选B。其实研究为什么不选B比知道选A更重要，知其然也知其所以然就是这个道理。保证对试卷上所以的题目、选项无缝隙的覆盖钻研。1.3 翻译。先说一下，不管你翻译得如何，一定要保证卷面整洁。根据买的真题上的参考答案研究，从用词、句型结构等各个角度研究，然后就是自己翻译。详细英语复习建议看：学长带你学考研英语2、数学数学分数一、数二、数三。2.1 基础知识。不建议直接上来做真题，那样会打击到你（大神除外），先把基础知识学一遍，尤其是资料上面的练习题，如果可以全部自己动手做一遍。切忌一看会了就不动手做，这是万万不可取的。买复习全书的人很多，也有用汤老师、张老师的，大家自由选择，这里不做推荐。2.2 做几遍真题。第一遍真题基础好的同学，这一遍真题应该可以做到90分了，我了解到很少，所以如果这一遍没有做到90不要紧张。就研究这一套卷子，把卷子上面涉及到的知识点全部在学习一遍，然后隔上两天再做一遍。第二遍一定要做到90分以上，最基本的如何破题，答题，技巧要形成体系。2.3 总结。不管你有是否有这样的习惯，现在一定要养成做总结的习惯，把试卷上的知识点做总结，做题的破题点做总结，答题的技巧做总结，甚至答题的顺序都要有总结。详细数学复习建议看：学长带你学考研数学3、政治很多人觉着政治的大纲每年变化最大，没有必要研究真题，其实非也。3.1 利用真题总结知识点。虽然每年大纲变化很大，但是还是有很多主干知识不会变化，利用真题先把主干知识总结出来，先复习这个，不要老说政治考前突击就行。3.2 真题参考答案的答题思路。先研究政治主观题的答题套路，了解套路后才能走好下一步。这样做一来找到答题的套路，二来复习了知识点。详细政治复习建议看：学长带你学考研政治4、专业课很多学校的专业课会有很多的重复的，所以建议把专业课的试题都要背过。专业课就不再多说了。最后祝大家考上理想院校。

本试卷由新祥旭陈老师整理，为便于大家估分，前面是21年的考研英语一完整真题，后面是答案解析（可直接拉到文末查看）。2021年的考研初试已经结束，大家也会逐步复试的准备了。那么，考研复试有哪些流程？需要如何准备？往年的复试分数线、面试技巧、复试真题……关注我们，复试信息轻松GET！

2021考研英语初试已经于12月26日下午14点到17点结束，文都考研考后为大家整理了2021考研英语初试真题及答案解析，方便考研人在考研结束之后核对估分以及2022考研人了解考情，下面一起来看下2021考研英语一真题及答案解析完整版。2021考研英语一真题及答案解析（完整版）以上就是“2021考研英语一真题及答案解析(完整版)”的相关内容，文都考研会在考后带来更多2021考研初试真题及答案解析，考研人持续关注。

北京外国语大学、上海外国语大学可以称得上是国内外语类大学中的殿堂级学府了，对于日研中心，很多朋友的印象是对跨考生也很友好，而对于上外，大家就会觉得推免生特别多，是不是考上外特别难。今天的这篇经验贴就来源于一位考上上外学硕的同学。在正文开始之前，先来看看这位同学和宪老师的交流实录吧~从修改自我介绍、模拟面试到解答细节问题，初心联盟会一直陪着你~好了，看完了这位同学的喜报，快让我们进入今天的正文吧~目录01初试经验分享——公共课、专业课02复试经验分享——专业笔试、专业面试03心得体会——考研过程中的小tips04备考书目一览——初试所用书籍山河湖海，为你而来初试经验分享公共课首先，关于政治和二外英语。这两门在技术分里面几乎不占多少，所以最好不要在这两门上太过纠结。政治我建议听个网课（我听的涛哥的课，讲的很好，老师也很可爱哈哈@考研政治徐涛），比较节省时间，而且记忆深刻。配合着听课做肖秀荣1000题四套卷八套卷等等前辈们都推荐过的书即可。然后十二月开始每天拿出两小时以上背背主观题，过线不是问题。英语的话，上外出题的考察重点应该是在基础语法和四级到六级水平的词汇积累上，如果你做了真题感觉六十分以上没什么问题，那就不需要在这上面浪费太多时间了。日语综合接下来是重头戏之一的日语综合。这一门考察的内容相当之多，以上外为目标的小伙伴们应该都知道上外出题是非常注重基础知识考察的，所以这一门只有你尽可能地弥补好所有知识上不牢固的地方以及漏洞，才有可能在众多竞争对手中脱颖而出。我认为首要任务就是钻研真题。要对每年真题的里不会或做错的题目加以重视，并试着分析老师出题的目的和方式，这一点需要大家自己去慢慢琢磨，当你知道自己的薄弱环节和老师的套路之后，自然就能对症下药，有效复习。（真题我是在tb上买的，最新一年的大概八九月份可以在上外研究生院官网下载）我在这一门上下的功夫比较多，每一道题型我都有针对性得进行了复习。一开始的汉字假名、外来语、惯用语，我总结的经验就是“广撒网，牢记忆”。“广撒网”就是说上外在这些基础题目上已经基本脱离了日语综合教程5678这套课本（当然5678还是重中之重，用于打牢基础必不可少），可以说没有限定的范围，只有尽可能的去读更多的文章，认识更多的词汇，但也必须保证你所见到的词汇都能准确记住其读音、字形、含义、固定搭配用法等，即“牢记忆”。我的做法就是在准备期间内，不管是在小说中还是日剧里，只要听到或看到不认识的词汇或惯用语，我就把它记在本子里（包括刚才说的读音含义等都记下来），并反复背。等到12月时这个本子已经积累的相当多的词汇，不仅能都加大基础题命中率，对翻译词汇的积累也有极大的帮助。接下来是语法相关题，我推荐皮细庚老师的《新编日语语法教程》。这本书内容相当丰富，我精看了两遍，又把一些我之前不懂的地方反复看了两遍，每遍都有意外收获，真是爱死这本书了哈哈。课后题中有很多跟真题套路一样，可以用做练习。在复习过程中有遇到语法构成不太明白的句子一定不要轻易放过，问老师问同学也一定把它搞懂，说不定就出现在考卷中了。然后再把n1语法背一背就比较稳了。阅读题其实是考察各种基础知识的大杂烩，基础打稳了自然不会难住你，多练习5678的课后阅读题就好。古文题我推荐《日本古典文法》这本书，如果本科学校没开设古文课的话，一开始一头雾水很正常，耐心一点多看几遍，重点把握助动词理解，多背点往年考过的古文句子的现代文翻译，等到十二月时你会发现古文这几分也并不难拿下。文学知识题我用的是《30天突破！简明日本文学史核心考点》这本书，是在千研万语论坛上看前辈推荐的，确实很好。我是把这上面的年代、作者、作品、称号等都抄在本子上，之后就只看本子上的，一目了然。然后自己在多积累一些比较有名的近现代作家，10分都拿下还是比较轻松的。当然我也建议看到感兴趣的作品还是去读一下，我备考期间读了四五部日文原著作品，对日语水平整体的提升有很大帮助。作文就没啥好说的了，我也就考前练了三四篇，上外出的题还是有很多话可以说的，写的时候长短句交替，语言尽量地道一点，注意不犯基础错误就好。日汉互译然后就是另一个大头日汉互译。翻译这一门150分，看起来很可怕，其实你在准备上一门的过程中已经为翻译打下了基础，接下来只要掌握窍门＋大量的练习。汉译日我使用的参考书籍有《汉日翻译技巧与实践（吴侃）》《汉日翻译教程（苏琦）》《二级笔译实务》。翻完这三本书基本就可以从翻译小白变身初级小翻译。不过这个过程真的相当痛苦，请做好足够的心理准备（每天最愁练翻译的时候了QAQ）。日译汉相较之下还是简单些，在保证能准确理解日文原文的基础上，练一练天声人语一类的文章就差不多了。有了这些翻译经验后我想大家或多或少都能掌握到一些窍门了，我认为翻译拿到130+的关键一招就是“日译汉尽可能有范儿且精炼，汉译日尽可能朴实且地道”（说出来很羞耻的小经验）有范儿就是说把自己想象成一个作家or记者，去写一些尽可能符合中文文学的书面文字（如：多积累点四字词语）并且语言尽量精炼，可以看一些优秀的汉译作品学习一下。而汉译日时，我们会发现有很多中文词汇很难一下子对应到日语，这时不要拘泥于原文的字面，而是在理解好原文的意思后，跳出这个圈，用日语中朴实无华却能正好表达这个意思的语言来进行翻译，并注意语言要地道。但以上归根还是我个人总结的一些小技巧，我觉得翻译是比较复杂的，而且每个人都会有自己独特的风格。到底怎样才能做到优秀的翻译，还是要大家在学习和练习中慢慢探索。复试经验分享复试分为专业笔试和专业面试（今年可能是时间安排的原因没有英语口试）。专业笔试的话一开始还是和初试一样的基础题，然后多了解释语法的题，以及两篇短的日汉互译和阅读题。准备方式还是和初试差不多，大家可以在初试中感受一下自己相对薄弱的项目并在复试准备期间重点强化。不过考试时间很紧，只有一个小时，所以不能犹豫，要快准狠。（今年的具体题目我也记不太清了，词汇有慈しむ、奔放な人、日進月歩、サブカルチャー等等，惯用语都是比较常用短小的那种，不会很难，语法解释题也都是很简单的语法，不过要用日语换种说法来解释意思）专业面试今年变化比较大。一开始还是前辈们经验贴中说的读课文，回答两个相关问题。之后问了一个日语作答问题，一个中文作答问题。日语的问题有毕业论文的准备情况，对写论文过程中的一些问题的看法等，比往年灵活了一些的感觉。中文问题是最近关心的国内外新闻，这个真是问了个措手不及，我答的乱七八糟，幸好最后有惊无险。所以面试的重点还是日语口语要好，不能靠背一些现成答案来应对，而且心态一定要好，不要慌，慢慢组织语言，不要像我一个激动就乱说，最后都收不好尾T^T。 其他的政审体检都很简单了，按照学校的要求来就行。心得体会在考研复习中，我的心态变化其实就是一个自我否定与重新树立自信的循环过程。我无数次质问自己是不是高估了自己的水平，我的努力程度是否还不足等等。这恐怕是很多考研人都经历过的，所以如果你在复习过程中也遇到这样的情况，不要自己被自己吓倒，要相信自己，既然确立了目标，就勇敢地坚持到最后。坚持下来，无论成功与否你都会有巨大的收获，而不是满载遗憾。最后送给大家我很喜欢的一句（很土的）话：「意志のあるところに、道は開ける。」参考书目一览新编日语语法教程日本古典文法30天突破！简明日本文学史核心考点汉日翻译技巧与实践汉日翻译教程日语笔译实务（2级）

01关于学校专业Q：为什么选择这个学校/专业?以及一系列。因为我在前期选学校的时候，看到学校师资非常的优秀，专业实力也非常强，所以非常想跟老师学习专业上的知识，看了老师的一些著作或论文，更加坚定了我想要报考这个学校的决心（如果没看过论文就别说，以免老师问了看了什么论文打不出来，丢掉印象分）。而且从之前的学长学姐那了解到，学校的学习氛围很好，来到学校感觉学校非常美，也很安静很适合读书学习（根据学校实际特点说）。其实这就是给你个机会好好夸学校，夸的时候要突出学校各方面条件非常好，而且自己想在学校钻研学术的心。上面是非常中规中矩的答案，如果你能从其他角度想到与众不同的答案，肯定会让导师眼前一亮，大大加分。不要盲目的不切实际的夸，最好不要答因为学校或专业比较好考。如果是调剂的同学也是一样，想调剂到这所学校，是因为学术氛围好...（即使你只有这一个调剂机会了，也不要实话实说，如果这么说大概率情况会失去读研的机会了）Q：读过哪些专业相关的文献书籍？这个题目出现的几率极大，除了专业领域的书籍期刊外，可能还会有学校自己定的参考书目。在复试备考的时候，要重点看业内大佬的专业著作，尤其是院校规定的专业书目，即使看不完，也要大致知道书里在讲什么。这个问题还有2个延伸方向：1某本书的主要学术思想，你对哪一条对印象最为深刻之类的问题？回答这个问题，最好准备好一两个观点和案例，并且预先对自己的回答做问题设问，这样在考场才能应对好老师的连环。2对目标专业的研究方向有什么了解，谈谈你的看法。对于报考的专业，就算没有深入的了解，至少也要了解专业研究的大体方向，报考专业导师的学术观点、专著。了解相同院校相关专业的情况，做好比较，优势和劣势在哪，表达一下自己的见解。02关于未来规划Q：如果考上了研究生你将来的学习规划是什么？这个问题可以从短期规划和长期规划两方面来说：短期规划：读研期间的学习规划长期规划：未来的人生规划短期规划：因为我对报考的专业非常感兴趣，所以读研期间，我想要跟着老师学习专业领域的知识，希望能更多的参与到老师的课题中，和师哥师姐多讨论专业上的内容，不断精进自己的专业知识。除了这些，我还想要多涉猎不同领域的书籍，向更多比我优秀的人学习，拓宽自己的视野，从更多元的视角去看待专业上的知识。未来规划：我的长期规划是希望能在研究生期间，不断提升自己的专业度，将来从事与专业相关的工作（或者说你有考博的计划，希望能在科研领域作出一些成绩）。也可以说说自己希望未来自己能在专业领域能做到什么样的成绩。这里千万不能回答笼统又大又空的话，比如我没太认真的想过、我们我想要好好学习之类。或许你真的是对未来迷茫，想在读研期间去摸索，但是在面试的时候，一定要表示出你所作出的规划。Q：研究生时希望研究什么方向？个人觉得不要给太具体的回答，如果有非常想研究的方向也最好说的宽泛一点，毕竟进去了啥都好说。基本上大多数人都是比较迷茫的，而且有很多文科都是读一年后才会选导师，所以这个时候答案本身并不是特别重要（理工科除外，因为有很多一进去就要被老板折磨），这个问题在复试提出有两个意义，一个是想看看考生对老师和专业的了解 、求学态度（考生的目标感），另一个是看看和导师科研需求的匹配程度。即使联系过导师，也要说涵盖导师研究的大方向，没拿到录取结果的那一刻，什么都会变，万一这个老师临时改变主意了，其他老师也有可能会给机会。其实这个问题拆解出来就是问学习规划，如果真的不知道说啥方向，就把具体的学习或学术规划说说吧。03关于本科审查Q：毕业论文的内容，比如毕业论文参考了哪些文献？1. 准备好500字左右的毕业论文/设计的概括，毕业创作/设计的写作思路、设计理念、表达思想等。2. 可以谈谈你在写论文时的研究方法，或毕业设计的的灵感来源。我读研的时候，导师就非常重视论文的研究方法，如果你本科阶段不太了解，可以问问老师，或者上网查查，不要求精通，至少得了解吧。3. 如果你是跨专业的考研党，可以先大致说说你本科的学习与研究，然后再结合本科专业，说说对所报专业的研究的支持作用。Q：你为什么没有通过英语四/六级?如果四六级没过，告诉导师你有些偏科，但是这次准备考研，英语花了很大的功夫，并且在基本功上有所提高（不然你英语也过不了线...进不了复试环节），你要告诉导师，你虽然确实不太擅长英语，但现在还在坚持每天学习，而且相对于英语你更擅长...至少让老师知道你虽有弱项，但是你足够上进用时间去弥补不足，最后转到你擅长的内容上去。（这一条大家都可以说，英语不好不是什么致命弱点，或许你在其他方面更擅长也是一种优势，掩盖了你这个短板）Q：大学学过的专业课程有哪些？说一些主要的专业课程最感兴趣的一两门课程原因，即可跨专业的话，就说这一两门感兴趣课程中的收获对目标专业的积极影响Q：大学四年获奖情况1如果你有参加过专业相关的比赛或活动，即使没取得名次也没关系，可以告诉导师你参加过几次比赛，虽然没有取得名次，但是在比赛中你的专业能力有什么样的成长，自己收获了什么。2如果你参加过其他比赛（与专业无关），那可以告诉导师你参加过什么其他比赛，虽然没有取得名次...但....回答方式同上。3如果你参加过比赛或活动，但看起来含金量非常低，但在你其他方面没有什么优势的时候，做过什么总比没有做过强。这种情况就不要把展开来说，直接以数据化的形式告诉导师，你参加过x次，哪方面能力有所提升，可以举个栗子告诉导师，这些能力的提升对你专业学习上有什么意义。Q：有没有做过关于本专业的科研实验、或者参加过哪些项目？我本科的时候做过....（本专业考研党可以讲讲本科时候的学习或实践经历，跨专业同学可以表示对这个专业的兴趣），做过一些相关的实习（如果有可以讲，如果没有就不讲）。注意：分点说，不要把做过的事情全部都说，选有代表性的事情来说，重点突出做这件事的成绩或收获。 如果本科期间没参加过校园活动、成绩一般、没有发表过科研论文，那么找找其他方面，总有一种是你喜欢的。比如你大学期间自学了一门外语，又或者是你喜欢记录生活，坚持写日记，或者喜欢拍照，喜欢二次元漫画等等。不管这些你是不是真的擅长，你都可以说，至少某种程度上，能让导师看到你热爱生活，看到你的上进心。如果拿兴趣爱好来说的话，一定要举例，不要说我喜欢...就完了，话谁都会说，一定要用一两件事情证明下，你能做好或你真的喜欢做这件事。Q：询问本科成绩复试面试中了解考生的本科成绩是考研复试中的基本环节，成绩好的同学可以着重介绍自己的成绩及本科收获，成绩不好的同学，也不要有心理负担，可以这样在面试中补救。1. 自我介绍有所侧重如果本科成绩不好，但在大三时成绩有进步，那么在自我介绍时，可以着重表达自己好好学习后，学习成绩得到了显著提高，突出自己在学业成绩上的进步。如果本科成绩一直不是很理想，可以在自我介绍时，着重介绍一些自己本科上过什么课，不要过多强调成绩方面的内容。在自我介绍的环节，我们可以变被动为主动，把本科成绩不好这个暂时不利的情况，转化为对我们有利的情况。2. 展现自己对报考专业的熟悉程度如果我们本科成绩不好，那么在考研复试面试中，更应该是如此。如果你很早就投入到对报考专业的复习，我们也可以把老师问及我们本科成绩的问题，转移到我们对于报考专业的学习和研究上。3. 基本态度是不回避无论你是在自我介绍中展现自己本科成绩有提高，还是讲述你对本科学科的熟悉程度，亦或是化被动为主动地讲述我们对于报考专业的学习，我们的基本态度都应该是不回避、坦诚。那是只是我们的本科成绩而已，如果不是因为考研，也不会那么被人过分强调。所以，面对本科成绩，我们在准备复试和复试面试现场的基本态度就是不回避，也不要因本科成绩不理想，有过重的负担。04关于日常生活Q：介绍下你的大学这个问题是导师一般会对自己不太熟悉的院校做这样的提问，尤其是二三本院校的考研党一定要注意准备。可以按照这个思路准备：1. 要介绍院校的地理位置（如果学校名字没有体现在哪的话）在当地处于什么什么水平（几本）如果所学专业是院校重点专业拿出来说一说；2. 学校的优势：国际化、重实践、学风浓厚（可以顺便带一嘴自己在这样的环境下获得的东西，比如外教课多，所以自己的口语能力强；3. 有大牛人物也可以拎出来说一嘴，比如某教授是我们学校的、著名的xx创始人是我学长，我也一直以他们为目标努力；4. 配套很强，专业实验室齐全；可以在演播室，实验室，金融实操过很多次。但注意说的时候不用说太多，核心逻辑就是几句话突出优势，这个优势跟自己有什么关系，对自己有什么影响。Q：介绍下你的家乡？考生应该从自己的家乡特殊点出发，在自己的家乡特殊的熏陶之下自己有哪些能力的提升或自己的家乡对自己的影响，老师最为看重的还是你的家乡对你的影响而不是你的家乡有哪些小吃或者是哪些著名的景点。Q：详细阐述自己的爱好可以从自己的生活和专业等方便作答，生活方面体现自己的兴趣爱好广泛即可，更加注重的应该是自己的专业课的内容学习，说说自己在专业方向上的兴趣爱好，可以结合自己的生活中或者是自己的大学期间的重要项目来作答。05其他问题Q：如果这次面试没通过呢?回答示例：如果没有通过面试，我会觉得很遗憾，因为这个专业是我非常感兴趣的（或这个学校是我非常喜欢的），我非常希望能够在这个专业领域不断深耕，而且在考研期间，我也非常努力，付出了很多的时间和精力（如果有突出点，可以举例，比如父母不支持，但是仍然努力说服或坚持自己的想法等）。最后如果没能被录取，会有些难过，但是我会认真思考自己的不足，调整好状态，再做之后的打算。建议：不管面试发挥地怎么样，听到这个问题，心里肯定都会咯噔一下。但是别担心，这个问题是在考察抗压能力，你冷静回答就好。Q：跨专业的考研党可能会被问到：你认为自己的本科专业和现在所考的专业，有什么互补性或者借鉴性?回答建议：其实跨专业的考研党根本不用担心，实际上一些老师很喜欢跨专业的考生，因为有多学科的背景，跨界掌握的知识面会更广。你可以针对自己的专业说一些与专业相关的东西，找到所跨专业和自己专业的交叉点，以交叉点为突破口就行了。以上都是框架和思路，大家一定要根据自己及学校专业的情况灵活使用。