全国医学博士英语考试真题

2020博考了，好多小伙伴都无从下手！报考院校没选好？导师我该怎么选？该准备哪些材料？考试还没有把握？基础也没打好？！种种问题被搞得头都大了！今天小医来给你一一进行解答。奉上最新的热门各大院校报考指南，祝愿大家都能够顺顺利利更上一层楼！一、双非本硕英语6级，国奖获得者，考博前发表学术论文6篇，其中，5篇为专业核心期刊，无工作经历。2020年初考取国内某985院校博士生。二、博士研究生的考试时间、形式1. 博士考试时间：分为春季考试（3月进行，9月入学）和秋季考试（10月/11月进行，次年3月入学）两种。博士研究生考试是由各学校组织的，大家应关注所考学校的研究生网站或者研究生招生网。2.博士考试形式（1）本科直博（2）硕博连读（3）提前攻读（4）公开招考（申请考核制和普通招考）三、考博前期准备1.搜集信息（常用的网站、联系学姐学长）常用的网站：报考学校的研究生院网站，研究生院招生信息网；所报考学院的官网；研招网；考博论坛；小木虫。最有效的方式：联系导师和报考专业的直系学姐学长要搜集的信息：导师的研究方向、招生人数、历年的考博重要时间节点、考试内容、参考书目、历年考博真题。四、联系导师（何时联系？如何联系？）（1）何时联系？今年上半年完成联系工作，最好等老师的招生工作都完成。（2）如何联系？硕导推荐（加微信）；电话联系；邮件联系（网站上一般都有邮箱；导师发表的论文；通过学长学姐获取等）（3）如何写第一封与博导联系的email自我介绍（性格特征、兴趣爱好、科研能力，博导往往需要智商和情商都在线的学生）；谈谈对导师研究方向的兴趣点（让导师发掘你的学术潜力和创造力）；表达自己想报考她的博士生的真诚意愿及努力（4）常见的博导的回复A.“你好，报考的人很多，......”B.“欢迎报考”C.“已经有几个人联系报考，请改换其他导师……”D.“欢迎报考，对你的研究方向很感兴趣，然后介绍很多自己的研究方向的内容……”（5）注意事项：1.要了解导师的基本学术观点和学术著作。2.多种联系方式并用。3.真诚和决心。4.第一次见博导要不要带礼物？五、材料准备报考博士生申请表；专家推荐书；本硕课程学习成绩单（学校档案馆）；硕士学位论文全文和评议书；研究计划；硕士学位证书或证明书；体格检查表；政治审查表；代表性作品复印件等。建议大家打印官网上的招生简章，逐条打钩一一对照，并在指定的时间邮寄到指定的地点。六、现在该准备些什么1.4月：确定好目标院校（可根据学校往年考试时间，选择2-3所时间能错开的）；2.跟硕导表达读博的意愿，找机会让硕导进行推荐；3.5月中下旬：与导师联系，表达意愿；4.准备英语和专业课（持续准备的过程）。资料内容：2020专业课考博经验分享视频合集1、2020面试指导课程2、2019法学考博经验分享3、2019复旦大学考博经验分享4、2019教育学考博经验分享5、2019金融学考博经验分享6、2019经济学考博经验分享7、2019考博复试如何准备？8、2019考前一个月复习如何准备9、2019马克思主义考博经验分享10、2019人大复试指导课11、2019社会学考博经验分享12、2019设计学考博经验分享13、2019文学考博经验分享14、2019香港、欧洲考博经验分享15、2019研究计划书写作经验分享16、2019哲学考博经验分享17、2019专硕考博经验分享18、2020考博如何准备备考指南1、大纲解读（一）2、大纲解读（二）3、词汇速记点拨（一）4、词汇速记点拨（二）5、全年复习规划6、语法基础框架点拨词汇精讲1、金字塔之基2、词汇构建（1）3、词汇构建（2）4、词汇精讲——试题词汇精华5、词汇精讲——试题详解6、医学真题讲解动物模型出发的研究1、常用的数据库操作演示4 文章重现2、第二节 文章案例3、第三部分 套路介绍4、杂志选择和投稿5、关键问题和注意事项6、实例展示如何分析与作图7、从结果到成文基础语法与长难句1、动词——非谓语动词2、动词——谓语动词3、副词——状语从句4、名词——表语从句5、名词——宾语从句6、名词——同位语从句7、名词——主语从句8、名词补充——名词性虚拟语气9、形容词——非限制性定语从句10、形容词——限制性定语从句课件下载1、备考指导讲义2、基础语法与长难句3、考博词汇讲义4、考博阅读精讲讲义5、听力特训6、医学考博冲刺讲义7、医学写作精讲课程讲义8、阅读精讲课程高阶讲义9、完形填空精讲课程讲义听力特训1、长对话技巧(1)2、长对话技巧(2)3、连读——辅辅4、连读——辅元5、连读——连续音变6、连读——元元7、听力试题分析8、小对话技巧（1）9、小对话技巧（2）10、易混发音的辨别11、英式与美式发音的区别12、应试问题分析（1-8）完形填空1、2002年-2011年真题讲解2、补充知识点—高效背诵单词与文章的方法3、补充知识点—简单句扩展为非简单句的五大手段4、补充知识点—五大简单句句型析5、完形填空必杀技6、完形填空精讲——总结7、完形填空考察内容医学写作精讲01 题型介绍与写作步骤02 注意事项（1）03 注意事项（2）04注意事项（3）05 评分原则与标准06 必备词组与句型07 必备词汇（1）08 必备词汇（2）09 真题一（1）10 真题一（2）11 真题一（3）了解更多

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

这是我们第五篇考博方面的分享了，希望在准备考博的小伙伴能从这五篇当中找到成功者的一些共性！我们也衷心的为奋斗在考博路上的小伙伴加油！社会保障专业是公共管理的一个重要分支，是现代社会人的基本需求及政府的基本社会政策之一，其目的是使公民在生、老、病、死、伤残和失业的情况下，能够从社会得到必要的物质帮助和服务，是现代社会的“安全网”和“减震阀”，所以学习社会保障专业对自身及国家的发展是很有益处的。我本硕皆是社会保障专业，2019年我参加了江苏985的N大学和北京985的Z大学社会保障专业的博士考试，对社会保障专业考博有一些自己的经验，现予以分享。社会保障专业博士点及招生就业现状有社会保障专业博士点的高校：北京师范大学、武汉大学、东北财经大学、东北大学、复旦大学、华中科技大学、厦门大学、中国人民大学、上海财经大学、中南财经大学、西南财经大学、中山大学、吉林大学、浙江大学、中国农业大学、南京农业大学。随着申请考核制博士招生的盛行，社会保障专业有博士点的院校招生方式均实行申请考核制，所以对本硕学校出身和学术成果具有一定的要求，社会保障专业申请审核制一般是提前准备好审核材料：报名信息登记表、两封专家推荐信、学历证明、学生证复印件、身份证复印件、英语证明材料、学术成果证明材料、获得奖励证明材料及攻读博士期间的科研计划。科研计划最为重要，是材料审核重要的标准。社会保障专业学生毕业后可在政府部门、政策研究部门、大中型企事业单位从事劳动与社会保障工作；在基层劳动社会保障部门、民政部门、企事业单位从事劳动、社会保险、社会救济、社会福利、社会服务工作。从事岗位：毕业后主要从事人事专员、招聘专员、人力资源专员等工作。社会保障专业人才是我国全面建立和发展社会保障事业的急需人才，具有长久稳定的就业潜力，就业前景十分广阔。社会保障考博专业课参考书、参考期刊一般学校考博不指定参考书单，我们可以通过博导、博士学姐学长的建议，参考考研指定教材以及硕士期间主要学习教材的基础上获得。社会保障专业考博主要的参考书单和期刊如下：社会保障专业复习备考经验一般高校需要笔试英语和两门专业课，比如中山大学、中国人民大学等高校社会保障考博两门专业课包括社会保障理论知识和社会学方法论两门。所以复习备考主要针对英语和两门专业课进行即可。首先，专业课的复习备考。专业课的复习备考主要分为两个方向。方向一：对专业课教材的系统备考。第一步是获取专业课教材，进行针对性复习备考，在复习备考前制定一个大致的复习计划，内容包括复习时间、复习进度、复习方式、自查形式等等。首先，在复习时间上，我们要有充分的复习备考时间，一般我们在研三上学期9月份开学就开始着手复习了，一般学校的考试时间是年后3、4月份，所以时间还是比较充足的。在复习进度上，我们要尽快加快复习进度，尽早把专业课教材复习完，之后再去看一些国内外的专著，提高自己知识的含金量。在复习方式上，我们可以采取四遍式复习策略，比如第一遍我们主要是大致浏览教材，对教材结构和主要知识点有个整体把握，第二遍划出重点内容，并进行理解式记忆，掌握该教材的一般知识点，尤其是该书的精华部分和大致脉络、主要观点。尤其是要关注每章后面的小结以及练习题，通过练习题进行自测，第三遍主要是把所有的教材和知识点记清，看完后再回过头来自查一下复习效果，同时也是进一步巩固温习，加强记忆，这三遍过后，专业课教材知识点基本就差不多都掌握了，到临考试前一周再看一遍。方向二：看一些专业论文。一定要翻翻近两年的专业杂志和论文，看看大家讨论的热点，浏览一下报考学校近3年学报发表的论文。一定要看报考导师近5年中发表的论文及专著，有些数据、观点和理论要掌握。其次，英语的复习备考。英语复习备考重在真题和词汇。要想方设法获得报考院校的考博英语真题，一般某宝都有售卖，我们要充分利用真题，从头到尾把真题做几遍，第一遍我们可以自我检测为目标，控制好时间，摸清自己英语水平，之后就是对照答案逐字逐句理解记忆，把其中的生词和长难句弄懂，考试前再温习一遍就可以了。当然单词要坚持天天背、天天看，坚持到考前一天，几个月的时间，词汇量会突飞猛进。社会保障考博初试、复试首先，初试。每个学校的初试方式和初试题型不一样，有的学校初试只考英语，有的学校初试英语和两门专业课放在一张试卷同时进行，考试时间3小时，有的学校只考英语和一门专业课，有的学校把三门课程分开考试，所以要针对具体学校具体分析。初试英语题目一般都会包括阅读、翻译和写作。专业课题目一般都是论述题。在初试过程中需要注意以下几点：一是要合理把握作答时间；二是答题要有大纲，在答题之前先简单的列一下答题大纲，自己需要从哪几个角度去作答；三是答题要层次清晰，答题和写论文一样，要层次清晰，逐步递进和深入；四是重要的答案写在前面，次要的答案写在后面；五是答题要有要点和总结。对于文科生来说一般应试技巧我们都懂就不赘述了。其次，复试。复试时间一般为30分钟。复试包括综合能力测试和外语能力测试。其中，将重点考察攻读博士期间研究的设计或设想，包括拟研究题目、研究现状述评、主要研究内容等。面试前有学校需要准备ppt，有的学校不需要，面试一般先是进行自我介绍，之后英语问题提问，最后专业课提问。在面试过程中需要注意以下几点：一是提前准备英语自我介绍，3分钟左右，不宜过长或过短；二是博士期间的研究计划一定要了然于心，熟知来龙去脉；三是回答问题要尽可能的逻辑分明，条理清晰，不要东扯一句西撤一句，最好分几个角度去回答；四是尽量克服紧张情绪，做到松弛有度，落落大方；五是要善于倾听，学会尊重。我们为考博所做的一切都是为了一个共同的结果，那就是考上博士，所以我们不要嫌麻烦，要通过各种途径多方面获得考博的一切信息，进行有针对性的复习备考，从而有一个良好的笔试和复试。从准备考博的那一刻起，我们就要矢志不渝的为我们的理想努力奋斗。将投必得分享给更多有需要的人

进入高中后，许多学生发现很难完全适应高中英语学习，导致英语成绩不理想，形成心理差距，从而丧失了英语学习的信心，其实，想要学好英语还是很简单的。学习英语比较有意思，要么就学得较为轻松，要么就学得非常累，甚至干脆放弃。英语不仅是一门学科，也是一门知识体系，也是一门语言。无论是否为了考试，大家从精力上时间上都对英语投入了这么多，没有理由去放弃，而是要更加用心的去学习，掌握好这门语言。否则，我们花几年时间学习英语，最终只认识几个单词，那将是一种极大的浪费。想学好高中英语，首先要培养对英语的兴趣。“兴趣是最好的老师”,兴趣是学习英语的巨大动力，有了兴趣，学习就会事半功倍。学习英语，词汇记忆是必不可少的，词汇是学习英语的基础，没有词汇，就没有句子，更不用说文章了，所以记住单词是非常重要的。高三复习阶段不止是单词，还有各个知识点，最好是做练习试卷，这样对知识点的掌握比较好。所以，下面给大家准备了一份2019年高考的英语奥考真题，这是全国1卷的考卷，有时间的学生可以拿去好好练习做一下，及时查漏补缺，相信可以帮助你们学好英语的，如果觉得有帮助的话，可以拿去好好复习。鉴于文章篇幅有限，只能看到前半部分，文末有“完整版”获取方式！2019年全国I卷：英语高考真题文中资料“完整版”如何获取呢？首先，关注我，点击头像进入“学海知识库”的主页面。然后，看到右上角的“私信”键，点击发送“401”即可！以上是文章的全部内容建议同学们打印下来好好复习，相信可以帮助到你的。

Hello，大家好！我是大家的好朋友，大坚果张老师，今天我和大家聊一聊高考I卷的那些事。2020年全国高考于昨天落下帷幕（除了安徽歙县、上海个别地区9号还有考试），现在是大家一起对答案的时间了。如果你这边没有记下你的答案的话，小编建议可以重新做一遍，这样可以更有把握估分。亲爱的考生们，如果你已经对完答案的的话，下面你可以好好休息一下，去释放压抑了10多年的青春吧！如果您喜欢这篇文章，请点击关注大坚果张老师，转发，点赞，评论和留言，谢谢大家的支持，一直陪伴你们的大坚果张老师。

Hello，大家好！我是大家的好朋友，大坚果张老师，今天我和大家聊一聊全国高考I卷的那些事。2020年全国高考于昨天落下帷幕（除了上海、安徽歙县个别地区9号还有考试），现在是大家一起对答案的时间了。如果你这边没有记下你的答案的话，小编建议可以重新做一遍，这样可以更有把握估分。亲爱的考生，如果你答案对完的的话，可以好好休息一下，毕竟压抑了10多年的青春该好好释放一下了。如果您喜欢这篇文章，请点击关注大坚果张老师，转发，点赞，评论和留言，谢谢大家的支持，一直陪伴你们的大坚果张老师。

外国学生的10级中文考试，想想自己考英语，平衡了在中国，英文作为三大主科之一，很多学生都败在了英语的魔掌之下，更有好多理科大神，偏偏就因为这一门外语就失足在了高考中。有不少同学都在思考，我堂堂一代华夏儿女，为何被英文折磨得如此狼狈？诸如此类的调侃更是层出不穷，不过我们应该想象一下外国的那些学生，其实每个国家都有了外语课，很多人会去为了工作，去选择学不同的外语。近年来外国人学习汉语的例子也是非常的多，咱们一起来看一下他们的考题，或许能减少英语考试对你的打击，心理平衡了很多！在中国大街小巷经常能听到店铺里的一些打折降价的宣传语，可是万万没有想到这个宣传语居然被国外的老师们编入了试卷。这道题实在是难倒了我们外国的同学们，纷纷表示伤透了心。那第2题就更无厘头了。我相信每个外国同学在做这个题目的时候，心里都在想这个司机的口才怎么这么好，记性怎么也这么好。要说语言博大精深，还是中国文化博大精深。我们最害怕的完形填空题，外国学生居然也有。看看这道题，我觉得外国同学对于语文考试来说，比我们对于英文考试的恐惧心理更高。这题就像我们考英语的时候，看着觉得这个词儿对，选了那个词儿也觉得对。左思右想了半天，填上去了一个答案，感觉还是语句不通，实在是让人头大。居然还有同义词反义词这种题。感觉这道题对于我们来说都稍有些难度。那么外国同学作答这道题的时候，我相信他肯定是一个头两个大。心里一定想着我能认识这些词就已经不错了，居然还要让我找到他的兄弟和他的对手。这道题可谓是变态之首了。心疼外国同学三秒钟。再来看一下这份外国的中文10级试卷。这里面的句子没有一句读着是不绕口的。如果你读的时候不去仔细思考一下，根本不知道这句话在表达什么意思。就像第1题，夏天能穿多少穿多少，冬天能穿多少穿多少。我们读起来好像没有什么问题，但是对于外国学生来说，这句话仿佛简直是在读天书。这让我想起了一个段子：首先声明一下，我不是结巴，我骑自行车，压到了一块石头，还好我机智一把把把把住了，不然我就摔倒了。再来看看下面几个，每一个都是折磨的外国同学想要放弃学中文。更多外国同学纷纷表示，中国人这样说话难道不累吗？还有造句题跟我们小学时候学的一样，给你一个词语让你来造句。这篇题目我们看起来是非常简单的，可是外国的同学并不这么认为。学校这个词语居然能造出我是学校的语句，简直是让人哭笑不得。 看完外国人考的中文试卷之后，心里是不是舒服多了？仔细思考一下，其实我们中文是不是比外国的26个字母拼起来的词语要难得多。

恭喜你，又看到了第一手资料！今天，中公考研网校小编将为大家分享“2019考研英语一、（二）考试真题及答案完整版”的相关内容。先来英语一、接着是英语二。英语一①真题②答案英语二①真题②答案阅读理解：21C、22B、23A、24B、25D、26D、27D、28B、29A、30C、31B、32C、33A、34D、35A、36A、37A、38A、39C、40B、以上分享结束，后续会继续给出其他各科的真题及答案，请关注我们！

梦想是超越的动力，行动是飞翔的翅膀。人生能有几回搏?现在不搏更待何时?珍惜机遇吧，让金色的年华碰撞出更加灿烂的火花!2017高考英语真题全国Ⅲ卷（完形填空）A Toronto man is offering a free round the world air ticket to the right woman. But 41 apply. You must be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian 42 .Jordan Axani, 28, said he and his then girlfriend, Elizabeth Gallagher, booked heavily discounted round-the-world air tickets in May, but their 43 ended and he did not want her ticket to 44 . The ticket had a strict no-transfer（不可转让） 45 , but since passport information was not required when 46 , any Canadian Elizabeth Gallagher can 47 it.＂I just want to see the ticket go to good use and for someone to 48 a lot of joy,＂ said Axani. He posted his 49 on a social networking website, and received thousands of e-mails, including thirty from actual Elizabeth Gallaghers with the 50 passports. ＂More 51 , there are hundreds of Canadians who are interested in 52 their name to Elizabeth Gallagher,＂ Axani said. ＂It was absolutely out of 53 , thousands of e-mails, people around the world 54 their stories of travel.＂Axani wrote in his post that he is not 55 anything in return and that the woman who uses the 56 ticket can choose to either travel with him or 57 the ticket and travel on her own.The 58 is scheled to start on December 21 in New York City and continue on to Milan, Prague, Paris, Bangkok and New Delhi before 59 in Toronto on January 8. He said the 60 woman will be announced on the website and the trip will be shared online.41. A. benefits B. deposits C. restrictions D. examinations42. A. origin B. passport C. accent D. friend43. A. holiday B. marriage C. dream D. relationship44. A. go to waste B. come to mind C. go on sale D. come into effect45. A. policy B. order C. payment D. schele46. A. applying B. booking C. checking D. bargaining47. A. use B. borrow C. choose D. buy48. A. sacrifice B. express C. experience D. provide49. A. answer B. advice C. offer D. comment50. A. same B. right C. new D. real51. A. interesting B. annoying C. satisfying D. convincing52. A. writing B. giving C. lending D. changing53. A. touch B. question C. date D. control54. A. admiring B. advertising C. sharing D. doubting55. A. leaving B. looking for C. losing D. dealing with 56. A. single B. strange C. regular D. extra57. A. return B. take C. reserve D. hide58. A. interview B. program C. trip D. meeting59. A. ending B. calling C. repeating D. staying60. A. honored B. lovely C. intelligent D. lucky【答案与解析】41. C 考查名词。A. benefits利益；B. deposits押金；C. restrictions限制；D. examinations考试。根据后句内容You must be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian 42 可知申请免费环球旅行是有条件限制的，需要是名叫Elizabeth Gallagher、有加拿大护照的女子。备注：名词考复现42. B 考查名词。A. origin 来源；B. passport护照；C. accent 口音；D. friend朋友。根据第三段中的including thirty from actual Elizabeth Gallaghers with the 50 passports可知，申请人需要有加拿大的护照。故选B。备注：名词考复现43. D 考查名词。A. holiday 假期；B. marriage 婚姻；C. dream梦想；D. relationship关系。根据下文Jordan Axani转让机票可知他和女朋友关系结束了。备注：名词考复现（把题目先变成问题去思考，便会轻松得到答案）44. A 考查动词短语。A. go to waste浪费；B. come to mind想到；C. go on sale 开始销售；D. come into effect 开始生效。根据下文＂I just want to see the ticket go to good use and for someone to 48 a lot of joy＂可知他之所以想把票赠送给同名的人，目的是不想浪费掉机票。故选A。备注：上下句的逻辑。45. A 考查名词。A. policy政策；B. order 命令；C. payment 付款；D. schele 计划，时间表。机票都是实名制，而且不可以转让，根据常识和语境可知这是一种政策。故选A。备注：常识和语境。46. B 考查动词。A. applying申请；B. booking预订；C. checking核实；D. bargaining讨价还价。虽然机票不可转让，但是在预订的时候不需要护照的具体信息，因此在预订后这张机票可以给姓名相同的人使用。故选B。备注：常识和语境。47.A考查动词。A.use使用;B. borrow借用用;C. choose选择:D.buy购买。根据上文的介绍可知,因为护照信息没有登记,所以任何一个名叫 Elizabeth Gallacher,而且拥有加章大护照的人都可以用这张机票。备注：常识和语境。48.C考查动词。A, sacrifice牺性B. express表达;C. experience经历;D. provide提供。人们如果能免费环球旅行,当然会享受到很多的乐趣。备注：语境。49.C考查名词。A, answer蓄案;B. advice建议;C.ofia提议;D. comment评论。根据上文可知 Jordan Axani在社交网站上贴出的是自己的提议,即免费蹭送机票。备注：名词考复现。50.B考查形容词。A same同样的;B.righ址t正确的:Cnew新的; D. real真的。根据空前的 actual ElizabethGallaghers以及文章首对申请这张免费机票的要求可知,这里是指申请者中包括30位同名且拥有正确护照的人。备注：语境。51. A 考查形容词。A. interesting有趣的；B. annoying令人恼火的；C. satisfying令人满意的；D. convincing令人信服的。根据空后的内容可知有数百人想改名字，这当然是一件很有趣的事情。备注：语境，形容词的感情色彩的一致性。52. D 考查动词。A. writing 写；B. giving给；C. lending借出；D. changing改变。根据上文可知申请的要求是需要和Jordan Axani前女友同名，所以有人甚至想改名字。备注：语境。53. D 考查名词。A. touch触动；B. question问题；C. date日期；D. control控制。根据后句内容可知，世界上的很多人都知道这件事，如果允许人们改名字的话，那么事情就会无法控制。备注：语境。54. C 考查动词。A. admiring羡慕；B. advertising 广告；C. sharing分享；D. doubting怀疑。根据上文可知Jordan Axani收到了数千封邮件，所以很多人都分享他们的旅行故事。备注：上下句的逻辑。55. B 考查动词。A. leaving 离开；B. looking for 寻找；C. losing失去；D. dealing with 对付。根据文章首段的首句可知Jordan Axani是免费送给别人他多余的票，而不求回报。备注：上下文的线索暗示。56. D 考查形容词。A. single 单一的；B. strange奇怪的；C. regular定期的；D. extra额外的。根据第二段可知Jordan Axani在和女朋友分手后，女朋友的机票就是多余出来的了。备注：the 56 ticket处改为问题：怎样的票？然后搜寻答案，最后核对选项，选出答案。57. B 考查动词。A. return 回去；B. take拿走；C. reserve保留；D. hide隐藏。根据空后内容and travel on her own可知，申请到票的人可以和他一起旅行，也可以拿着票自己去旅行。备注：上下文的线索暗示。58. C 考查名词。A. interview采访；B. program项目；C. trip旅行；D. meeting会面。根据第三段末句their stories of travel可知，Jordan Axani是在赠送环球旅行的飞机票。备注：名词考复现。59. A 考查动词。A. ending结尾；B. calling 打电话；C. repeating 重复；D. staying停留。根据句意可知旅行是December 21从纽约出发，途经米兰、布拉格等多个城市，最后到达多伦多，结束旅行。备注：语境。动词考察要考虑动词的顺序关系。60. D 考查形容词。A. honored 感到光荣的；B. lovely可爱的；C. intelligent聪明的；D. lucky幸运的。文章介绍了Jordan Axani免费赠送环球旅行的机票的故事，所以能选上的人是幸运的人。备注：语境。