2019年英语考研试卷

2020年考研英语结束后很多学生在感叹：今年英语试题太难了，考生们纷纷表示考研英语阅读理解难度难出新高度，新题型难度也比往年要大。但是我们客观理性的分析，从历年考研英语结束后考生们的反映来看，每年考生考完英语后都会有相似的反应，那就是每年考生都会觉得自己年份的英语试题难度大。这里面既有考生个人发挥的因素影响，也有眼光局限的问题。由于考生没有经历过多次考研，因此很难真正判断考研英语真题的难度如何。2020考研英语试题难度太大？考研英语国家线变化都有哪些规律？考研英语不管难度如何变化，作文、翻译、完形填空难度基本难度变化不大，其实考生感觉考研难度大的也仅仅是考研英语阅读理解而已，另外新题型很多学生觉得难，但是这部分题对考生分数影响有限，一方面是因为分值比较低，另一方面是因为即使题简单，考生也很少做全对，即使题变难了，考生也可能会做正确三个左右，因此新题型试题难度变化对考生最后成绩影响不大，反而是考研英语阅读理解难度对考生最后成绩影响比较大。因此尽管很多考生都在吐槽2020考研英语太难了，认为考研英语阅读理解难度比较大，比去年考研英语阅读理解难度高，但是客观理性地讲难度也没有高出太多，整体难度没有高出往年多少，只能说难度高了一些，但是并不能说太难，考生复习到位还是能够得出正确答案，考出理想的成绩。既然考研英语难度不是太大，那么考研英语国家线变化都有哪些规律呢？根据自己对考研的研究，认为总体上讲考研英语国家线变化有三个基本规律，一是考研英语国家线如果上涨或者下降，变化幅度大概在1-5分范围以内。从近10年考研英语国家线变化来看，基本上如果考研国家线上升最多也是提高5分。二是考研英语国家线很少连续几年一直提高，考虑到2019年考研英语国家线大部分专业已经提高，因此判断2020考研英语国家线会继续提高的可能性并不是很大，但是很可能会保持在2019年的水平。三是经管类专业和文学专业考研英语国家线一直为各个专业最高，理工科专业考研英语国家线比较低，即使上升也是在0分多一点，对于理工科学生难度不大，农学这些冷门专业考研英语国家线最低，考生压力最小。

2019年所有考研的同学，你们觉得此次考试难吗？2019年12月22日，全国硕士研究生招生考试开考。现在来说2019考研的初试已经顺利的落下帷幕，对于今年的考研试题难与否不同学生有不同的观点，但是对所考科目大致有这样的一种认识。考研英语，不少考研学生表示今年的考研英语较难，但是相对于去年的英语试题还略显简单。在试题上阅读理解很多考研学生表示能够读懂，但是在选择时却遇到困难感觉所给的选项都对，在文章中都有依据，所以这是一个难点，其次还有今年的作文很多考研学生表示今年的作文很有可能走题了，对于词汇的生僻性，因为对出题目的理解不是很准确。考研政治，每年的政治考试结束后几乎是欢天喜地的，今年同样不例外，对于那些背过肖四的学生来说真的是太受用了，但是在选择题上尤其是多项选择题上很多学生表示还是比较的难，很难排除被选项。考研数学，其实数学是很多考研学生最头疼的一门，但是在今年的考试结束后，有考研学生纷纷表示今年的数学难度远远没有去年的难，要比去年的简单多了，但也不能保证自己拿到一个非常好的成绩，因为有的题目还是比较生僻的，很多同学复习的不够全面，而且毕竟对于一些文科生来说还是有一定难度存在的！总之，今年的试题难度有，但是不是普遍的感觉难，没有去年对数学难度的抱怨，所有今年的考研试题难度因人而异吧，每个人有每个人不同的感觉吧！但是如果整体的难度增加，必然分数就会降低，但是难度在减少，分数自然会提高，整体还是比较公平的！那么在此次考试中，你认为你自己的成绩如何呢？欢迎分享你的看法！

考研英语冲刺第一周，11月26日-12月02日考研英语冲刺第二周，12月03日-12月09日考研英语冲刺第三周，12月10日-12月16日考研英语冲刺第四周，12月07日-12月21日按照我们的计划，冲刺第一周（11月26日-12月02日）还省1天，除了了解阅读理解的解题技巧，掌握出现频率最高的50组同义词后（请查看百家号/本硕博，前两天文章），我们还要把历年真题中出现频率最高的75个单词的所有词义都牢牢记住.以前怎么复习都成为历史了，冲刺阶段就需要冲刺阶段的方案和技巧，可不能由于两三个词而影响了成绩，两三分就能改变结果。我们不是非要把成绩提升到一个很高的层次，至少我们不能由于准备的不充分而失分。考研英语一和英语二，前者是学术型研究生，后者是专业型研究生，英语一笔英语二稍微难了一些，二者最大区别就在于考察的方向不同，目标不同，在题型方面则是相同的。英语二的阅读理解不会有超过大纲的单词，而英语一的考试将会出现一些超纲的单词。无论阅读理解、完形填空，还是大小作文，都是需要单词量作为基础的，复习到不足一个月的冲刺阶段，再去背词汇书籍，往往不会有一个很好的效果，那么，想达到事半功倍的效果，一定要在3天内掌握历年真题中出现频率最高75个词汇。PLAN:1、复习了一年，这75个单词，想必你至少懂70个以上，但你真能把每个单词的词义都说出来吗？还是要想一想，才能说出来它所有的词义呢？2、每天强化25个单词，3天完成这75个单词，把每个词义都能完整地不假思索、脱口而出；3、早上吃饭前半小时，晚上睡觉前半小时做这个功课，很轻松；4、若能结合每个单词，再列举出它的同义词、反义词、关键词组、造句就更好了；5、任何单词都需要引申地去思考，去记忆，去联想才能得到完美的结果与效果；6、利用XMIND把上面75个单词做出来思维导图，更符合自己的记忆与理解规律；7、用这一年来，你自己的方法去总结，会更得心应手。时不待人，为了提升2019年考研英语的成绩，我们马上开始吧！就从今夜这一刻开始！

2019年考研初试英语二阅读试题答案及解析text12019考研英语(二)阅读真题Text1是关于内疚的好处的文章，第一篇文章总体不难，文都教育的英语老师就第一篇阅读答案给大家做了解析，为了方便核对，我们将选项也对应给出。阅读理解Text1 答案21. [C] foster a child’s moral development22. [B] burdensome23. [D] an emotion can play opposing roles24. [B] can result from either sympahty or guilt25. [D] wrongdoings解析：21. 根据题干Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help______.内容定位到第一段最后一句This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing. 由最后一句的this指代词，可知原因在第一段的前几句，根据第一句Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. 和第二句Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. 可知内疚不是天生的，而是和一个孩子的道德规范有关，是通过后天学习获得的。因此答案是C 选项 foster a child’s moral development。22. 根据题干According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be______.定位到第二段第一句In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. 另外第二句It is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. 也进一步解释了第一句。由这两句可知许多人认为内疚是不好的，令人不舒服的，让人感觉沉重，就像是衣服口袋里有石头一样，因此答案为B选项burdensome。23. 根据题干Vaish hold that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that______.中的关键词Vaish定位到第二段第四句，根据第四句中的adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. 可知这种复兴是更大的认识的一部分，即情绪不是二元情感，在一个情境中有利的情绪，在一个情景中可能是有害的。其中第4句中的revival和题干中的rethinking对应，第四句中的recognition和题干中的awareness对应，因此答案是D 选项 an emotion can play opposing roles。24. 根据题干Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _______. 定位到第四段第三句 In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. 根据第三句可知内疚和和同情可能代表了通往合作和分享的不同的路径。可以得出，答案是B 选项can result from either sympahty or guilt。25. 根据题干中的关键词transgressions可以定位到第五段第二句Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. 根据第二句中的 feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. 可以看到negative emotions 来源于transgressions. 而negative emotions表示负面情绪是贬义的，因此对比4个选项，可以得出答案是D选项wrongdoings.以上就是文都教育考研老师为各位考生带来的2019考研英语二阅读Text 1的答案解析，文都教育考研英语老师预祝大家考上理想的学校。（来源：文都教育）

2018考研最后冲刺的半个月，英语绝不能放弃，虽然每年平均分不超过50分，大纲要求词汇量5000个，只要找到最有效的方法，完全可以在最后半个月内提高3-5分，阅读理解绝不能放松，放松阅读理解就是放弃英语，阅读理解占的分值很高。在有效复习英语的同时，更需要有效地给其它功课留足复习时间，才能确保稳中求进，拿到平均分之上的成绩，考入理想中的科研院所。在最后冲刺阶段的阅读理解复习上，考生还需要注意三个方面：1、横向总结历年真题历年真题中的阅读理解部分都做过一遍了吗？若还没有完成，在考研的倒数最后两周，加把劲，继续做完，把不懂的生词和词组都再来一遍强化记忆。若已经完成了，就把近10年来(2008-2018年)阅读理解部分按照“题型”重新梳理、归类。可以注意到的是，考研阅读理解的题型主要包括六大类：主旨类、态度类、例证类、词义句意类、推断类和识别细节类。进行分类后，我们可以找出：08年text 1 的25题，08年text 2的30题，08年text 3的35题;09年text 2的30题;10年text 1的25题，10年text 2的30题;11年text 2的30题，11年text 3的35题;……一直总结到2018年的试题。然后我们能发现，主旨类基本都是最后一道题，并且答案总是会在文章开篇的位置及转折的位置，都有相应的体现，并且在文章最后一段都会出现部分的干扰选项。　2、纵向整理历年真题考研阅读英语题材内容涉及社会科学、自然科学和人文科学各个领域的知识，其中社会科学所占比重较大，自然科学所占比重不大，人文科学近来有增加的趋势。社会科学常涉及的领域有经济学、心理学、社会学、教育学、传播学等，但政治、军事不涉及。自然科学主要涉及医学、生物学、工程和科学史等。人文科学主要涉及文学评论、语言、杂文和散文等。同种题材之间必然有共同点，包括出题思路以及文章主旨上。纵向总结题材是为了避免考场上遇到同类型的题材，紧张中不知所措，要做到心中有数。即使我们不明白文章的内容，但已经对试题的出题策略了解一二，也就不会慌张了，提高了自己的自信心。例如，08年，text 1社会类(女性压力)，text 2科普类(网络出版)，text 3科普类(人类身高)，text 4 政治类(开国元勋)……纵向是梳理相关的题材文章，归类到一起来看，你会发现有很多的相似之处，尤其是法律类、政治类、经济类。3、确保每天练习历年真题或模拟真题的阅读部分如果近10年的真题都已经做完，就可以开始按上面两个方法进行整理归纳啦，利用EXCEL表格或XMIND统计一下。阅读理解A节做题时间是一篇文章17分钟左右，4篇文章70分钟左右。冲刺模拟题大家手上都会有，没练习完的一定在最后两个周冲刺一下，确保每天利用70分钟练习4篇，20分钟校对，30分钟查漏补缺和总结。花这两个钟头对于阅读理解所占的分值比重是值得的，但一定要注意控制时间和保证正确率。坚持下去，越是按照分类归纳的思维去做题，越会理解出题人的出题思路，命题方向，更明白解题思路，这样在得分上更有把握。以上，都是些方法，如何去实施还要结合考生自身的情况，若已经对英语很有把握，也可以把时间放到考研英语作文部分，阅读和作文结合起来都能同时提高的话，一定会用上面三个方法，锦上添花。

谈到考研英语，每一个考研的学生都觉得有难度，不是一下子能克服的。回顾过去几年考研英语的真题，尤其是2019年考研英语真题，明显看出考研英语阅读理解难度加大，对考生的长难句分析、单词量、文章主旨掌握都提出了更高的要求，2019年考研英语的难度要比2018年考研英语阅读理解的难度高10%左右，考生想考研得出高分并不容易，但是今年考研人数增加，二者对考研国家线的影响相互抵消，因此预计今年的考研英语国家线和去年没什么变化。但是对于要参加2020年考研的考生而言，考研英语该如何的复习？如何使得复习更具有针对性呢，小编特地总结了一些考研分数在65分以上学生的复习经验，希望给大家一些有意义的建议。1.合理安排复习单词的时间考研时间说充裕也充裕，说紧张也紧张，需要复习的内容比较多，掌握的知识点也比较细碎，想要复习好考研英语需要合理安排复习单词的时间。从这些考研高分学生的复习经验来看，复习的经验大概是：在1月-3月之间把考研英语的5500单词背完了，需要掌握比较扎实，单词需要会写，而单词书需要准备两本，一本是顺序版单词，另一本是混乱版单词，先去背顺序版单词书，再用乱序版单词进行巩固。而4月-12月之间则是每天都复习单词，保持单词的熟悉，不要让自己遗忘了单词。考研复习2.不要开始去做考研英语阅读真题很多学生陷入一种误区，简单的认为自己刚开始就去做考研英语真题，把考研阅读的题都做了。结果发现自己错的太多，对考研英语出题的套路不了解，从而坚定了自己考研英语实力不行的想法，没有了考研的自信。所以开始不要去做考研真题。可以选择一些市面上比较好的阅读理解模拟题，题也不要太多，大概是150篇左右就可以。在4月份到8月份之间，坚持每天做两篇或者一篇阅读理解，逐句分析每句话，把每句话之间的逻辑关系用笔写在自己的本子上，并且总结每一段的段落大意，最后分析一下整篇阅读理解的框架构成，这样就增强了自己把握阅读理解文章主旨和段落意思的能力，这样坚持2个月左右阅读理解的解题能力就会有明显的提高。考研英语3.合理运用考研英语真题一般考生接触到的考研英语真题都是近10年的真题，建议考生搜集近20年的英语考研阅读真题，这样算下来考研阅读真题大概有80篇，然后从8月份开始到12月份结束，这几个月每天做考研阅读理解的真题，把真题选项的设置套路要熟悉，进行总结；对考研英语阅读理解的段落大意和文章主旨进行分析，逐句分析每句话的逻辑关系；把自己不懂的长难句用笔记下来，并且经常去看，这样也相当于提高了自己翻译的能力。坚持下来的话，考研英语的分数不会低于60分，甚至会更高。希望考生能够认真总结做题的经验对真题的文章和选项的设置及题型的解法自己揣摩、品味，形成自己做题的套路和方法，从而在考研考场上游刃有余。另外对于完形填空建议从10月份开始进行复习，也不需要对自己期望太高，也不要放弃完形填空部分，可以适当做一下模拟题，但还是建议做一下完形填空的真题就可以了，认真总结一些常错的题型，把一些单词和词汇熟练掌握就可以。翻译部分因为在做阅读的时候已经练习了，所以不需要复习太多。新题型部分难度不是很高，也很容易错，一般错一个，最后就错两个，平时就要揣摩这些题的方法和做法，考场上灵活运用。考生考研成绩考研英语阅读其实就是阅读理解难，除此之外难度并不高。考生大部分的时间都是在复习阅读理解和单词，但是大家复习时间和投入差不多，最后考试成绩差距巨大是因为复习计划安排的不合理，复习的不到位。回顾2019年考研英语，展望2020年考研，考试想要考研英语得到理想的分数，想要去双一流大学，可以借鉴一下本文的复习建议，相信可以给考生更多的启发。

来源：新东方网整理现在—2018年6月这是考研英语复习的第一个阶——基础阶段这个阶段里，大家的主要任务是解决掉单词。词汇量是考研英语的根本，也是重中之重，如果没有单词的准备，后面的强化会很吃力，一直连锁反应到冲刺阶段的复习。教育部考研大纲中规定中有5500个单词，那么对自己的要求只能是高于这个数字，因为大纲中还涉及到了与你的专业和个人兴趣相关的单词，所以单词复习记忆是需要详细制定计划，并循序渐进的。考研英语单词篇考研大纲词汇(5498)：1920基础词汇，920熟词僻义，剩余一部分核心词和低频词汇;写作词汇：通过多方渠道(考研辅导课程，名师微博，考研书籍，优质范文)整理的写作常用词汇以及词组，进行有效记忆;完形填空高频词汇：主要是完型常考词组和词汇的辨析;翻译词汇：翻译高频词汇的辨析，以及熟词僻义的强化记忆，还有少量超纲词汇的认知。当然，英语单词的记忆属于一个长效的工作，从开始复习考研英语到考前一天，单词记忆的工作一直不能停止，每天都需花时间记忆，不同阶段单词记忆的方式也不同，一开始是单独学习并记忆大纲词汇，从高频的基础单词到熟词僻义，不论是分类记忆，词根词缀的学习，还是单词在例句用法的理解，都要花一些时间把大纲词汇从头到尾过两遍，接着是从阅读中背单词，从写作需求上记忆单词，从完形填空和翻译上不断巩固单词。另提醒大家，最开始考研英语单词的学习不要通过记忆真题例句，否则练习真题阅读的时候就知道了它考察的方向以及考哪个方向，那样就会失去分析真题以及其关键单词的机会。考研英语基础阶段复习规划：①单词记忆，每天30分钟，目标是大纲单词、常见超纲词、短语和固定搭配背2遍，见到单词能反应出其基本义，基本扫清单词障碍。②考研语法学习，每天30分钟，目标是考研基本语法融会贯通，能灵活运用。③阅读理解，阅读文章时把握文章主旨信息和框架;初步认识考研阅读理解题目的特点，注意对文中长难句的分析和基础词的引申义的把握。读懂每篇文章，找到读懂文章的乐趣和方法，克服畏难情绪;积累和理解各种背景知识;通过做题训练分析问题和逻辑推理的能力。④英语背诵，通过长期背诵英语文章，培养语感，扩充词汇量，拓展思维及知识面。2018年6月至9月底是全面复习的第二阶段——基础强化前面第一阶段主要是打基础，为的是第二个阶段进行全面准备了。所谓全面，即大家应该开始拿起笔练习写作和翻译，不只是停留在背单词和读文章层面上。因为在前期阶段，你已掌握了大量的单词并进行了高强度的阅读训练，所以这个阶段，应该开始试着用英语表达你的想法，并且检查自己对英语的理解能力。在这个阶段不但应该解决所有的基础问题，同时还要有一段时间进行提高，为下一阶段的复习做好充分准备，建议采取辅导班或自学相结合备考模式。这一阶段复习规划：①单词记忆，每天30分钟，目标是记忆易混超难词汇、词汇前缀后缀、熟词生义、同义词近义词辨析、短语等，在比较中进行记忆，对单词深化记忆。②阅读理解，阅读专项训练一定要按时按质完成。暑假时间比较充分，一定得好好利用。对阅读的要求是能够在70分钟内做完4篇阅读理解题目，掌握阅读技巧，阅读理解能力有一个质的飞跃。③完形填空的集中练习，平均每天20分钟，熟悉考研英语完形填空的命题特点，并进行强化训练，进一步巩固单词和语法。④翻译的集中练习，平均每天20分钟，熟悉考研英语翻译的命题特点，并进行强化训练，进一步巩固单词和语法。⑤考研真题研究，本阶段用时大约为60-90小时，对近十年的真题以做套题的方式模拟一遍并认真分析，对考研英语真题的特点有更系统深入的研究和把握;对于阅读理解要从命题角度去掌握每一篇文章;单词、短语、长难句全部过关。⑥作文范文的学习及练习，大家必须在这阶段开始作文练习，形成自己的写作模式。参考真题中的作文题目，熟练运用大、小作文常用模板;通过作文练习，把握作文结构和主题，能够写出符合考研作文要求的文章，最大限度避免常见语法错误。2018年10月至11月中旬全面提升阶段在此阶段之前，一些考研机构或者名师一般会推出根据新大纲编写的模拟试题集，大家通过做最新模拟试题以及综合研究真题的收获，可以体验实战的感觉。强化阶段的英语复习计划应该更倾向于综合训练与模拟，但是同时，也不要忘记单词的巩固与记忆。这一阶段复习规划：①单词记忆，每天20分钟，目标是熟练掌握单词的多种意思，彻底扫除单词障碍。②考研真题研究，本阶段用时大约为30小时，将10年考研英语真题再做一遍，继续保持做真题的感觉，迎接最后的挑战。③作文练习，能熟练运用大、小作文常用模版，作文总分达到20分以上。④模拟题练习，提高做题速度，把握好做题节奏，平均分控制在55分以上，坚持每周做2～3套题(在限定时间内完成，包括作文)，为每类题型科学合理地分配时间，对分值较大的阅读和翻译应该保持高度重视。2018年11月下旬到12月考前是冲刺模考阶段考生不仅需要调整好临考心态和状态，而且需静下心来查缺补漏。比如翻译部分没有练习过或者比较薄弱，那么这段时间里，需要针对个人弱势调整复习重点和时间，对薄弱考点进行突破。如果不重视这些将有可能前功尽弃。这一阶段复习规划：①考研真题研究，本阶段用时大约为1小时，将之前真题中的错题再过一遍，吃透为止。②作文模板背诵及练习，熟练套用模板，同时能够灵活运用。③差缺补漏，针对自己比较薄弱的部分强化练习。补充两点：基础更重要，切莫狂做题从考研英语全程复习计划中能看出，大部分的复习时间都是在打基础，单词、长难句、词组、句型、语法等等。考研是一个选拔型考试，考察的就是英语的基础能力，所以不要过早练习真题，而忽视了基础的重要性;没有好的基础，即使做了一堆阅读，也难有任何提高与长进的，毫无意义。换一个角度，假设已经做过一遍，记住了答案，但是在这期间只是做了题对了答案没有继续巩固基础，那么继续做第二遍的时候，就已经是浪费时间了，因为就从英语本身角度看，除了多做了一遍已经知道答案的阅读外没有什么提高。复习贵在坚持，别一味靠模板考研英语的复习就是每天都花点时间，一直坚持到考前，而不是一时的心血来潮花一个多小时做一套题，那样没一点效果。另外英语作文的练习和积累也要稍早些开始，不要完全依赖模板，模板只是最后的保证，只起到锦上添花而不是雪中送炭的作用。2019考研英语必备必备一：单词书必备二：历年真题(最好是全新两册)必备三：语法书必备四：作文书(历年真题范文)必备五：至少三套模拟题

对于英语的学习大家都知道词汇是最重要的，所以很多同学就每天拼命的背单词，总是感觉单词都认识了做题肯定就没有问题了，但是总是事与愿违，很多同学辛辛苦苦把单词都背好了，阅读的时候发现也都认识单词，但是做题的时候总是发现一看就会一做就错，那么今天我们就一起来看看该咋办吧。首先我们来看看下面这个同学：为什么2019考研英语一明明背完了单词，阅读还是错四个。那么我们一起来看看大家都是咋说的吧。一、那可能你做中文的也会错，说真的，高中语文不行的，做英语真的很受影响。二、背了单词就不能错四个？？？这样的话英语也太简单了吧，多做真题，慢慢就好了。三、因为你的单词量是肥大，做阅读发现好多单词意思跟英语单词词典上的解释补一张，单词的意思是相近的或高一点的，看来要转变对单词的刻板形象了。四、词汇量是一部分，另一部分在于要理解，多看答案解析，现在做完之后都要进行翻译整理单词句子，关键在于积累，坚持一段时间你会发现会有质的飞跃。五、词汇是基础，句子能读懂吗，细节问题注意了吗，文章主旨知道吗？有的句子，明明单词很简单，却翻译的跟自己有差异。文章大意理解有偏差，估计还是没有读懂。要掌握主旨，答案大部分都与主旨有关。六、不要慌，我刚开始写真题这也这样，卷子刷多了正确率慢慢就上来了。七、背了单词就能做对阅读？那你也太小看命题人了。如果现在发现差距还是挺大的。那就每天都会坚持做阅读，提高正确率，弄懂里面的套路。八、做阅读重要的是定位，分析。现在做阅读感觉就是定位到阅读中的长难句，感觉长难不好读懂，看看长难句的方法。九、因为句子含义不等于不单词含义之和，语言的含义是很丰富的，重在理解，背单词也是在帮助理解，但只背单词是远远不够的。十、看真题解析，真题什么思路你就学什么思路。题海战术要锻炼自己的思维能力。十一、因为阅读理解要阅读和理解，一词多义就不说了，一对一也不一定理解对，蛮多人老是感觉做阅读时间不够，不能很好的理解，一是没有完全读懂二是没有领悟到作者的主题，特别是最后一题完全凭借自己的主观意愿去选择。虽然应试不是正道 但现在也就是能拿到分就行完全搞清楚这篇文章的意思我们便舍弃了；然后是作者的主观偏向 可能和考生的阅历还有关 说不定某些内容就是曾经浏览过的时事 或者结合对一些事情的理解和认知能猜测到作者的意图；再就是整体上，阅读理解是分值大。但他要恰好是是咱的弱势只能避短了 少用些时间那能力之内的分数，或者不能完全理解/完全理解也做不对咱们就不走完全理解的路，当然这个就要考验直觉啦。到考研这个时间没有深厚底子的咱们的本儿都差不多耗尽了。回想一下曾经高考的应试技巧 这时能用的灵活用一下吧。额不知道这是备考研究生吗？所以要研究透出题人的思路和意图，永久出套路来。（多刷真题）十二、阅读词汇是一方面，不一定都读懂，关于选项前后的段落语句和逻辑关系搞清楚就够了，之前以为我6000.7000词汇不少了，后来才知道大佬都是11000到13000，词汇不是英语的全部，但是必不可少。十三、考研英语的阅读本来就是很难的啊，一句话里面所有单词都认识，还是不知道意思。唉不过还有一些命题套路可循的。十四、背景，多了解美国欧洲英国的政治经济文化媒体医疗法律等主流信息，尤其是美国。我去年暑假做英语一阅读理解一般每年真题都要错10个左右。后来一边做一边学套路，最后考研考了73分。当时做阅读理解，整个人都感觉很不好。十五、英语一的阅读是有技巧和规律的的，当然牛人不需要技巧啥的，看这些就和看小学生文章……多看阅读解析、查漏补缺、在阅读训练中、积累单词和单词意思。十六、上下文的连接没注意，要通过读文章想到会问哪些问题，建议先看问题不看选项再看文章有目的性的读。去年我也是这样。最后考试的时候20道题错了6个。十七、阅读错一个路过。就想说你看解析时候，一定要明白错误选项错在哪？（张冠李戴、主谓不一致、偷换概念等）正确选项正确在哪？（大多是统一替换）出题人的意图在哪？出题人是想通过哪种方式使这个选项正确或者错误。在疏通全文的基础上，反复将每个选项这样思考。这也就是多刷真题意义，这是主要提高阅读的方法（其他基本方法就不说了）。这样过几遍阅读 你一定会有特别大的进步！十八、对于自己思考不理解的，觉得真题思维不对的，一定要放弃自己的思维！跟着真题思维走！就算理解不了也要跟着真题解答思维走！慢慢多刷几遍，会发现真题套路就那几种，并且真题思维在脑子里留下印象后，会对做题帮助很大！十九、我觉得英语就要背单词，作为基础撕烂的人，语法、长难度，难道我最后考试琢磨一句半天？差生只能背单词了，多做做题，慢一点整句理解下再做题，这样今年考了63 被录取中的最低分，可怜交流一下你们怎么学的呗备战12月四六级。二十、考研英语是场持久战，把时间划分开，各阶段做各阶段的事。最后做题阶段了，你会发现。一开始错很多，再做几篇找到规律，正确率飙升。而不会出现意外。每天一篇阅读并解析，加上单词和长难句，还有些许的语法，前期时间也不少了，一定要讲究质量。我去年几乎没单独学语法，精读阅读的时候就顺便学了。前期一篇阅读一定要够3小时，研究透了再下一篇。把文中的每一句，每个单词，每个语法都搞明白。最后虽然英二75不算高，但对于六级还没过的我来说，挺高的了。二十一、如果背单词就能做对题还叫阅读理解吗，阅读只是基本，难的是理解，考的是你阅读文章的能力，不仅要把文章翻译出来，最重要的是逻辑结构。跟词汇量关系并不是很大，第一次做2017年英语一真题一个单词都没看，也不知道考试多长时间，朋友就让我慢慢做，全部完成三个多小时完成，完形错6个，阅读和新题型总共错5个好像，最后2018考的时候单词一遍都没看过，最后45分钟慢慢做翻译，提前20分钟答完，最后成绩62，不高也算可以了。所以说那不是阅读，是阅读理解，不过你这问题很小，再多练几篇好好想下，做英语阅读理解主观意识真的不能太强，就好像数学有固定公式一样，它也有固定的……说不上来。所以需要你多练习找到相应的解题技巧。希望对你有帮助，我们是百家号知了网欢迎关注我们每天的原创文章，更多的考研、四六级等内容请关注我，点关注不迷路，也欢迎大家私下交流，如若认同请帮忙分享转发。

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. 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