97年考研英语真题答案

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

原文+翻译：Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes,” makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth.很多用来描述货币政策的词，如“引导经济软着陆”，“触动经济刹车”，使货币政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。事实远非如此。The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain.利率和通货膨胀之间的关系难以确定。And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy.在政策改变对经济产生影响之前，会有一段较长时间且变化不定的后滞期。Hence the analogy that likens the conct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.因此，才会有人将货币政策的制定比作是驾驶一辆汽车，这辆车挡风玻璃被涂黑了、后视镜裂了，方向盘也失灵了。Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late.尽管有这么多不利因素，中央银行家们似乎对近来之形势有了不少值得夸耀的东西。Average inflation in the big seven instrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.西方七大工业国去年的平均通货膨胀降至仅2.3%，接近三十年来的最低水平。今年7月略微升高到2.5%。这远远低于许多国家在70年代和80年代早期经历的两位数的膨胀率。It is also less than most forecasters had predicted.这也低于许多预测者预测的数字。In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America’s inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole.1994年底，每月接受《经济学家》意见调查的一组经济学家指出，美国在1995年的平均通货膨胀率将达到3.5%。实际上，8月份就降到了2.6%，而且有望全年仅为3%。In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year.去年年底，英国和日本的通货膨胀率实际上比预测的要低半个百分点。This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.这不是昙花一现；在过去几年里，英国和美国的通货膨胀率始终低于预测水平。Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America’s, have little proctive slack.经济学家对英美两国有利的通胀率特别感到诧异，因为传统的计量方法表明两国经济，特别是美国经济几乎没有出现生产萧条。America’s capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment -- the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.比如，美国的生产力利用率在今年早些时候达到了历史最高水平，失业率（八月份为5.6%）已降到低于很多人对自然失业率的估测——过去，当比率低于自然失业率时，通货膨胀率早已迅速上升。Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective.为何通货膨胀如此和缓？可惜的是，即使是最令人兴奋的解释也会有小的缺陷。Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.一些经济学家认为，世界经济结构强有力的变化已经推翻了以往那种以经济增长和通货膨胀率的历史关联为基础的旧有的经济模式。试题：51. From the passage we learn that.[A] there is a definite relationship between inflation and interest rates[B] economy will always follow certain models[C] the economic situation is better than expected[D] economists had foreseen the present economic situation52. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?[A] Making monetary policies is comparable to driving a car[B] An extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation[C] A high unemployment rate will result from inflation[D] Interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy53.The sentence “This is no flash in the pan” (Line 5, Paragraph 3) means that.[A] the low inflation rate will last for some time[B] the inflation rate will soon rise[C] the inflation will disappear quickly[D] there is no inflation at present54.The passage shows that the author is_____the present situation. [A] critical of[B] puzzled by[C] disappointed at[D] amazed at答案：CBAD

原文：Manpower Inc., with 560 000 workers, is the world’s largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people 1 into the offices and factories of, seeking a day’s work for a day’s pay.One day at a time. 2 instrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive 3 recing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming.4 its economy continues to recover, theis increasingly becoming a nation of part- timers and temporary workers. This “ 5 ” work force is the most important 6 in American business today, and it is 7 changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive 8 avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens 9 by employment rules, health care costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of 10 that came from being a loyal employee.1.［A］ swarm ［B］ stride ［C］ separate ［D］ slip2.［A］ For ［B］ Because ［C］ As ［D］ Since3.［A］ from ［B］ in ［C］ on ［D］ by4.［A］ Even though ［B］ Now that ［C］ If only ［D］ Provided that5.［A］ rable ［B］ disposable［C］ available［D］ transferable6.［A］ approach ［B］ flow ［C］ fashion ［D］ trend7.［A］ instantly ［B］ reversely ［C］fundamentally［D］ sufficiently8.［A］ but ［B］ while ［C］ and ［D］ whereas9.［A］ imposed ［B］ restricted ［C］ illustrated［D］ confined10.［A］ excitement ［B］ conviction［C］ enthusiasm［D］ importance全文翻译拥有56万雇员的劳务公司是全球最大的临时就业中介机构。每天清晨，公司中大量的人员涌入美国的办公室和工厂中，为获得一天的收入来寻找一份工作，干一天算一天。当通用汽车公司和IBM等工业巨头靠减员而勉强支撑时，坐落于威斯康星州麦尔乌柯市的劳务公司却在蓬勃地发展。虽然美国的经济还在继续复苏，美国却日益成为一个兼职者和临时工的国家。这种“即用即抛型”劳动力已成为美国企业用人最为重要的趋势。它也正在从根本上改变人们和他们所从事的工作之间的关系。这一现象给公司提供了一种方式，使得它们能够在全球范围内具有竞争性，同时又可以避免市场的周期性和由就业法规、医疗保险和退休金方案所带来的逐渐加重的负担。对工人来说，这意味着作为一名忠实雇员所享有的安全感、福利以及从属带来的重要感都一去不复返了。答案：1 A 2 C 3 D 4 A 5 B 6 D 7 C 8 B 9 A 10D

2021考研英语初试已经于12月26日下午14点到17点结束，文都考研考后为大家整理了2021考研英语初试真题及答案解析，方便考研人在考研结束之后核对估分以及2022考研人了解考情，下面一起来看下2021考研英语一真题及答案解析完整版。2021考研英语一真题及答案解析（完整版）以上就是“2021考研英语一真题及答案解析(完整版)”的相关内容，文都考研会在考后带来更多2021考研初试真题及答案解析，考研人持续关注。

原文+翻译：No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation.没有一家公司乐意听到别人说自己引起了社会的道德败坏。“Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?” Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. “You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?”参议员罗伯特·多尔上星期质问时代—华纳公司管理人员时说：“难道这就是你们要成就的事业吗？你们已经出卖了自己的灵魂，难道还非要败坏我们的国家、威胁我们的孩子不成？”At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990.不过，对于成立于1990年的时代—华纳而言，这样的质问仅仅是公司进行反思的最新表现，It’s a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.是一种自我反省，在不同时代已涉及到责任、创作自由和公司底线等不同问题。At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and rece the company’s mountainous debt,56岁的现任董事长杰拉德·列文是争论的焦点人物，他于1992年接替已故董事长斯蒂夫·罗斯。财政方面，他承受着使股价升值，减少公司巨额债务的压力。which will increase to $17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently.在两笔新的有线电视交易谈妥后，公司债务将达到173亿美元。他也允诺出售部分资产并对公司进行重组，但现在投资者们仍在焦急地等待着。The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him.人们对说唱音乐的焦虑并没使他的日子好过一些。Levin has consistently defended the company’s rap music on the grounds of expression.列文一向以表现方式为理由来捍卫公司的说唱音乐。In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-T’s violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as a lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet.1992年公司因出品Ice-T乐队暴力的说唱歌曲《警察杀手》后倍受谴责时，列文却将说唱音乐描述为街头文化的合法表达方式，并说它应该有自己的宣泄途径。“The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won’t retreat in the face of any threats.”他在《华尔街日报》一篇专栏文章中写道：“对任何一个民主社会的检验，不在于它能多有效的控制情感的表达，而在于是否给予了人们最广泛的思考和表达自由，尽管有时这种结果会引起争论和愤怒。我们不会在任何威胁面前退却。”Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent.列文不愿对上周的辩论做任何评论，但有迹象表明，这位懂事长至少在某种程度上放弃了自己强硬的立场。During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders’ meeting, Levin asserted that “music is not the cause of society’s ills” and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.在上个月就摇滚乐的歌词进行讨论的股东会议上，列文宣称“音乐不是社会问题的病因”，他甚至还以自己的儿子为例，他儿子是纽约州布朗克斯的一名教师，上课时用说唱的形式与学生进行交流。But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle” between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.但他也谈到了创作自由和社会责任之间要“保持平衡”的问题，还宣布对一些可能令人反感的音乐，公司将致力于制定一套发行和标识的标准。The 15-member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy.一般来说，时代—华纳公司的15位董事是支持列文和他为公司制定的经营策略的。But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in this matter.但内部人士透露其中几位对此事表示担忧。“Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited,” says Luce. “I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this.”“我们中的一些人多年来一直知道，《宪法》第一修正案所规定的自由并非毫无限制”，鲁斯说，“我认为与公司有关系的一些人可能最近才意识到这一点”。试题：51. Senator Robert Dole criticized Time Warner for.[A] its raising of the corporate stock price[B] its self-examination of soul[C] its neglect of social responsibility[D] its emphasis on creative freedom52. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?[A] Luce is a spokesman of Time Warner.[B] Gerald Levin is liable to compromise.[C] Time Warner is united as one in the face of the debate.[D] Steve Ross is no longer alive.53. In face of the recent attacks on the company, the chairman.[A] stuck to a strong stand to defend freedom of expression[B] softened his tone and adopted some new policy[C] changed his attitude and yielded to objection[D] received more support from the 15-member board54. The best title for this passage could be.[A] A Company under Fire[B] A Debate on Moral Decline[C] A Lawful Outlet of Street Culture[D] A Form of Creative Freedom答案：CDBA

文都比邻第一时间整理2021年考研英语一真题原文及答案PDF完整版。所有考试结束后，2021考生可进行估分。备战2022年考研的考生们可以参照英语一真题答案，进行模拟考试。以下内容解读来源于文都教育教研组，一起来看2021考研英语一真题答案！以上为最新2021考研英语一真题原文及答案完整版，考研真题原文及答案公布，考生可以及时估分，提前着手准备复试。文都比邻持续更新2021年考研真题原文解析与答案，欢迎考生持续关注~

原文：A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise ll existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn’t take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. “I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner -- amazing.” Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to “translate” cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word “friend,” the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor’s language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and indivial interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.试题：51. In the eyes of visitors from the outside world,.[A] rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US[B] small-minded officials deserve a serious comment[C] Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors[D] most Americans are ready to offer help52. It could be inferred from the last paragraph that. [A] culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship[B] courteous convention and indivial interest are interrelated[C] various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends[D] social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions53. Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers.[A] to improve their hard life[B] in view of their long-distance travel[C] to add some flavor to their own daily life[D] out of a charitable impulse54. The tradition of hospitality to strangers.[A] tends to be superficial and artificial[B] is generally well kept up in the United States[C] is always understood properly[D] has something to do with the busy tourist trails全文翻译去过美国的人回来总是说大多数美国人对他们是多么友善、好客、乐于助人。公正地说，人们对加拿人也经常作出有这样的评论，因而，这应当被认为是北美的普遍现象。当然也有例外。在美国，心胸狭隘的官员，举止粗鲁的招待和毫无礼貌的出租车司机也并非罕见。尽管有不如人意的地方，但因为热情好客是人们常常作出的评论，所以值得讨论一番。过去很长一段时间，在美国很多地方，旅行者的到来总是颇受观迎，因为他们打破了当地居民沉闷单调的生活。无聊、孤独是一般相互之间距离很远的家庭普遍存在的问题。陌生人和旅行者不仅转折了人们的注意力，他们还带来了外面世界的消息。拓荒地区的严酷生活现实也促成了这一好客的传统的形成。单独旅行时，如果挨饿、受伤或生病，通常只能向最近的小屋或村落求助。对旅行者来说，这不是一个选择的问题；而对当地居民来说也，这也并非是行善的一时冲动。它反映了日常生活的严酷现实：如果你不收留陌生人，那他便无处求助了。请记住，有一天你也可能处于相同的境遇。如今，有了很多的慈善组织专门帮助疲惫的旅行者。不过，热情接待陌生人的传统在美国仍然很盛行，尤其是在远离旅游热线的小城镇。“我只是路过，和这个美国人聊了聊。很快，他就请我到他家吃饭——这真令人惊奇。”去过美国的旅客的这种谈论很普遍，但并非都能被正确理解。很多美国人不经意表现的友好不应被看作是表面或虚假的应酬，而应该看成是文化传统的历史发展结果。同任何发达国家一样，一系列复杂的文化符号、设想和习俗构成了美国所有社会关系的基础。当然，会讲一种语言并不意味着就理解其社会和其文化模式。不能正确“诠释”文化含义的旅行者往往得出错误的结论。例如，美国人所说的“朋友”一词，其文化含义可能与旅行者语言和文化中的“朋友”大相径庭。要想正确区分礼貌是出于文化习俗还是个人兴趣，单凭一次公共汽车上的邂逅是远远不够的。不过，友好是很多美国人推崇的美德，也是希望从邻居和陌生人那得到的。答案： D A C B你做对了吗？

考研英语一真题及答案【完型填空】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast.1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15 Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up关于2020考研英语一完型填空的真题及答案就分享到这里啦。回过头来看，考研是一场孤独的战斗，可能这一年都是自己一个去图书馆，一个人去食堂，一个人回宿舍……虽然过程很辛苦，但你全心全意为自己拼的样子真的很棒，不负梦想，不负自己，加油！现在2021考研的小伙伴也开始准备了，作为考研过来人，学姐给你分享一些考研英语专用书单。单词书：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》，里面单词很全，还有重点，按考频划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词和超纲词，你可以根据自己的情况记，先背频考词，再背基础词和其它词，记起来很省时间。真题书：英一真题推荐《考研真相》，英二真题推荐《考研圣经》，里面真题都是逐句图示分析，重点单词和句子语法都有分析，很适合英语基础弱的考研er用，完全不用担心看不懂真题~~作文书：英语一《写作160篇》英语二《写作宝中宝》，你要是英语底子比较弱，不会写作文的话，真的建议你用这个。从常用的词汇、句型、模板都给你总结了，不会写那就直接背！再用思路定律和句式方法，让你从会写作文到会写高分作文。

Instrial safety does not just happen.Company （with） low accident rates plan their safety programs,work hard to organize them,and continue working to keep them （alive) and active.When the work is well done ,a （climate） of accident- free operations is established （where) time lost e to injures is kept at a minimum.Successful safety programs may （differ) greatly in the amphasis on certain aspects of the program .Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding .Others stress safe work practices by （observing) rules or regulations .（Still) others depends on an emotional appeal to the worker.But,there are certain ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained .There can be no question about the value of a safety program .From a financial standpoint alone ,safety （pays off) .The fewer the injury （claims) ,the better the workman’s insurance rate .This may mean the difference between operating at a （profit ）or at a loss.这是1999年考研英语一的完型填空题，括号标出的是答案。如果把答案放到文章里，那么这篇文章的意思还是比较浅显的。但是，工作时间已久，当初本来不好的英语底子消失殆尽，即使是这么一篇简单的完形填空题，鄙人仍是错误百出。鉴于水平有限，该题的翻译我就不写了。再有四个多月，就要面临2020年考研了，我知道自己考上的几率不高，但是，每天还是会坚持学习。不为别的，大好的时光，大好的年华，不能整天过混吃等死的日子。人总得有点儿盼头儿。图示是选项，如下：