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1995年考研英语阅读第二篇解析—本文从心理学角度看待个人成长历物之意

1995年考研英语阅读第二篇解析—本文从心理学角度看待个人成长

There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a proct, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or proct that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language -- all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try,new challenges to accept.In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we’re shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think we’re slow to adapt to change or that we’re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making.15.[答案]A[解析]本题考核的知识点是:推理引申题。文章第一段谈到,人们对待成长有两种基本看法:将之视为结果和将之视为过程。该段第二句明确指出前者是人们通常持有的看法,即认为成长是一种外在的结果或成果,易于衡量。可以从该段最后作者给出的一系列例子去理解什么是外在结果。此外,最后一句中的“have measurable results to show for their efforts”表明这种观点认为个人成长也是通过努力取得的结果。这样答案就显而易见了。只有[A]选项既是经过努力又是可以衡量的外在结果,故为正确答案。[B]、[C]和[D]选项都属于过程中付出的努力,结果却不可测量,故都不对。命题意图是要求考生熟悉类比题的一种变相出法,即,不直接对文中内容提问,而是要求考生在正确理解文中的例子后,从选项中选出与之类似的情况。解题关键在于能够把握原来例子的实质。16.[答案]C有关视成长为过程的的论述主要集中在第二段。这种观点认为成长是一段旅程,而不是具体的标记。人们应该看重的是成长过程中的态度和情感而非点滴的成功标记。[C]选项就是一种遭遇困难时的态度,也与第二段末句 “new challenges to accept”观点一致,为正确答案。[A]选项是结果,而非过程。[B]选项显然是从结果的角度去看待人的发展。[D]选项仍然是追求有“标志”的成功结果。因此都可以排除。17.[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:词义题。题干中的短语出自第三段第二句中的how we see ourselves as we try a new way of being。该句之后,作者一连提出并列的三个问题,并给予了回答。三个问句及其回答分别是人由于对自身看法的不同而产生的不同处世方法:how we see ourselves是对三个问题的概括,而a new way of being这个关键词则应该涵盖三个回答的内容。[A]选项是简练、全面的概括,为正确答案。being相当于existing,意为:处世生存方式。首先排除[C],它涉及的是问句的内容,[B]和[D]选项虽然都在该段被提及,但是不具有概括性,应该排除。18.[答案]D[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:作者观点题。第三段首句提到,为了成长,人们需要乐于冒险、勇于面对未知事物、接受“失败”。接下来的一系列设问句说明了“快捷、有好奇心、抓住更多的机会、体验不熟悉的事情、对付新挑战”等的重要性,因此[A]、[B]和[C]选项都在文中提到。而第四段首句“这些不安全感和自我怀疑不仅是无法避免的,而且是必要的”充分表明作者对这些态度的肯定。由此可知,[D]选项与作者观点不一致,而且从第四段第二句作者用的两个假设也可看出他对躲避态度的否定,综上所述可以推出[D]选项为正确答案。全文翻译看待成长有两种基本态度:一种视其为结果,一种视其为过程。(佳句①)人们通常视个人成长为容易被识别和衡量的一种外在结果或成果。工人得到升迁、学生成绩提高和外国人学会了一门新的语言——这些都可以表明人们付出努力之后,取得了可测定的成绩。(长难句①)相比之下,测定个人成长的过程却要艰难得多。因为从定义来看,它是一段旅程,而不是沿途特定的路标或标志物。成长过程不是道路本身,而是当遭遇新的情况或未预料到的坎坷时所持的态度和情感,是慎重行事还是勇往直前。(长难句②)在这个过程中,旅行永远不会真正结束;总是有新的方法来感受世界,总会尝试新思想,接受新挑战。(佳句②)为了成长,为了探索新路,人们需要乐意去冒险,去勇敢面对未知事物,去接受他们也许会一开始就“失败”的可能性。(佳句③)当我们尝试一种新的生存方式时,我们如何看待自己对我们的成长能力至关重要。我们认为自己快捷、有好奇心吗?如果是的话,那我们往往会抓住更多的机会,更愿意去体验不熟悉的事情。我们认为自己腼腆、优柔寡断吗?那我们的羞怯感会使我们犹豫不决、行动缓慢,不到万无一失绝不迈步。我们认为自己适应变化很慢且对付新挑战也不够机敏吗?那么我们极可能会处事较被动或者根本放弃尝试。我们若想改变自己、有所成长,这些不安全感和自我怀疑感既无法避免也很有必要。如果我们不去面对并克服这些内心的恐惧和疑惑,如果我们过多地保护自己,那我们就一定会停止成长。我们会陷进自己营造的壳里面。(佳句④)

不及格

1995年考研英语写作题型的分析和范文举例

Section V WritingDirections:[A] Title: THE “PROJECT HOPE”[B] Time limit: 40 minutes[C] Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)[D] Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence: “Ecation plays a very important role in the modernization of our country.”[E] Your composition must be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points) OUTLINE:1. Present situation2. Necessity of the project3. My suggestion一、审题本题为提纲式论说文。由题目可知本文讨论的是有关“希望工程”的问题。二、谋篇按提纲所示,本文应分三方面展开。第一段应说明目前境况:一方面,贫困造成大量儿童失学;而另一方面,国家需要大量有知识的人才。第二段,由首段的陈述自然引出实施这项工程的必要性。分析必要性切忌写得过于空泛。这段可通过正反两方面进行论证。第三段提出自己的建议。三、写作范文评分标准115~13分:内容切题,包括提纲的全部要点;表达清楚,文字连贯;句式有变化,句子结构和用词正确。Sample 1 (15 points)The“Hope Project”Ecation is the key to the modernization of our country. China cannot achieve its planned economic growth and catch up with those developed nations without a well-ecated population. However, more than 37 million primary and secondary school students in the poverty-stricken areas of the countryside are obliged to quit school. Many of them are joining the ranks of new illiterates. Thus, a financial plan called Hope Project is carried on to rescue those children from a life of illiteracy and ignorance.The project, which brings the hope for children and promises a bright future for China, is quite necessary. As we know, being deprived of ecation will not only result in exhaustion of human resources in those poverty-stricken areas, but also hold back the economic development of the whole country. Developing ecation to arm youngsters with knowledge is an urgent task and a responsibility of the entire society. Butit is impossible for the Chinese government to afford such a sum of money for hundreds of thousands of school dropouts. So a nation-wide drive, Project Hope, is the best solution.As Project Hope aims to raise funds from all walks of life, we should finance the project with money. Moreover, it needs our love and strong sense of responsibility for those children. As it says, “knowledge is a lamp leading people into the world of brightness and beauty”, sois Project Hope.例文分析1. 提纲(1)现状:从国家需要人才和大量儿童失学两方面说明目前中国教育状况;(2)需要:上学的障碍为学生与政府都没有钱;(3)建议:捐钱及爱心等。2.论点与谋篇本文中心突出,结构严谨。从国家与个人两方面进行论述是本文的一大特点。它使得文章脉络非常清晰。第二段,作者用了总——分——总的方法展开,使文章简短有力。第三段的特点是呼应主题,以俗语作总结,并采用对照,起到了画龙点睛的作用。3.连贯性本文流畅不仅来自于思维的连贯,并且归功于诸多连词的应用(已在文中标出)。4.句式及用词经典句式:Developing ecation to arm youngsters with knowledge is and urgent task…As… aims to do sth., we should…评分标准 212~10分:内容切题,包括提纲的全部要点;表达比较清楚,文字基本连贯;句式有一定变化,句子结构和用词无重大错误。Sample 2 (10 points)The“Hope Project”Ecation plays a very important role in the modernization of our country. In rural areas millions of children have no chance to go to school. Helping their family in the field or doing endless housework at home, they do not even know how to write their own names. These new illiterates are impossible to catch the change of the world. So the Project Hope was established to help the poor children.The Project is quite necessary. On the one hand, these children are too poor to buy the books and go to school. On the other hand, as a developing country China is not likely to spend a huge amount of money on ecation. Only through the love the project can providemore and more ecation chances for the poor children. Thus, everyone should do what he can for the Project Hope.I think this project is great important to our country. So my suggestion is that people should donate our money and the government should encouragemore of the public to participate the project. And I’m sure the project will be fruitful.例文分析1.提纲(1)儿童失学,提出希望工程;(2)从两方面说明工程的必要性;(3)提出建议。2.论点与谋篇本文论点突出,按照提纲所示将文章按三段展开。第一段的缺点在于:第一句与第二句间缺乏过渡。第二句应展开说明教育对中国的重要性,然后再进行转折衔接第三句,这样内容较衔接。但此段的描写较为生动。不是直接讲述,而是通过形象地描述,用干活、做家务及不会写名字的对比生动展示失学儿童的现状。3.连贯性段与段之间衔接比较自然。4.句式及用词典型错误:倒装:Only through the love the project can providemore and more ecation chances for the poor children.Only开头的句子应为部分倒装。应为:Only through the love canthe project provide more and more ecation chances for the poor children.

非量

1995年考研英语翻译题型全文翻译—批评标准化教育测验是错误的

The standardized ecational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress. 广泛用来帮助选择、分类、指定或者激励学生、雇员和军队人员的标准化教育或心理测试是近来书刊、杂志、日报社甚至是国会攻击的目标。71) Thetarget is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lieswith ill-informed or incompetent users.把标准化测试作为抨击目标是错误的,因为在抨击这类测试时,批评者未注意到其弊病在于那些对测试不甚了解或使用不当的使用者。The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions.这些测试本身只是工具,其特点能够在特殊的条件下相当准确地被估量。Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.测试结果是否有价值、有意义,或者甚至误导人部分取决于工具本身,而大部分取决于使用者。All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades, research proctivity, sales records, or whatever is appropriate.所有已知的对将来行为的预测都是基于对过去某些相关经验的了解的基础之上的:学校成绩、科研生产力、销售业绩,或诸如此类。72) How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends uponthe amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdomwith which it is interpreted.这些预测在多大程度上被后来的表现证实,这取决于被采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.任何仔细记分的人都知道可用的信息总是不完整的,预测总是容易出现错误。Standardized tests should be considered in this context.标准化测试应该考虑在这样的环境中使用。They provide a quick, objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned, the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is.他们提供快捷、客观的方法以获取关于某个人学到了什么、他有哪些技能或者他属于哪种人的一些信息。The information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information.如同其他种类的信息,如此得来的信息在质量方面也是兼有优缺点。73) Whether to use tests, otherkinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidencefrom experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.因此,究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息,或是在某一特定情况下两者同时使用,须凭有关相对效度的经验依据而定,也取决于诸如费用和现有条件等因素。74) In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined.一般来说,当被测定的特征能够被很准确地界定时,测试最为有效;而当被测定或被预测的东西不能够被明确地界定时,测试的效果则最差。Properly used, they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people.如果测试被恰当地使用,它们将提供一种快捷的方式来获取有关很多人的可比较的信息。Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized, but there are many things they do not do.有时,通过它们(测试)还可以发现那些高潜质以前没有被发掘的学生,但许多事情是测试做不到的。75) For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.例如,测试并不弥补明显的社会不公;因此,它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人,如果在较好的环境下成长,会有多大才干。试题分析1.[解析]本题考核的知识点:名词译为动词和介词语短的译法。这是一个主从复合句。主干为主系表结构带一个for引导的原因状语从句。主句翻译成“目标是错误的”含义不够清楚,根据上下文可知,the target应翻译成“把标准化测试作为抨击目标”。状语从句的主干是critics divert attention from…,直译为“批评家把注意力从弊病上移开”,意译为“批评家没有考虑其弊病”。The fault和其后的定语从句直译为“在于消息不灵通或不称职的使用者的错误”也不太符合中文的习惯,原因在于英文的名词使用频率比中文高,翻译时经常需要把名词转化为动词。users的动词是use,users前的形容词应相应地转为修饰动词的状语,可以译为“人们使用测试时对信息了解不够或使用不当”。In attacking the tests是介词短语做状语,译成状语从句时关键要看此介词短语在原句中起什么作用,然后再译成中文相应的状语从句。译文:把标准化测试作为抨击目标是错误的,因为在抨击这类测试时,批评者未考虑其弊病是来自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当。2. [解析]本题考核的知识点:句子理解,代词指代。句子的主干是:How well…depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of… and (depends) on the skill and wisdom…。主语是how well开头的主语从句,其中使用了被动语态的将来时。“by+施动者”译成被动语态。depend后除了upon接了the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information做介词宾语之外,后头的the skill and wisdom with which 也是承接depend 而来,做on的介词宾语。with which引导的定语从句中it指代前文中的information,所以定语从句译成“解释这些信息的技能和才智”。词汇方面:validated的意思可以从形容词valid(有效的)推出,译为“证实”。译文:这些预测在多大程度上被后来的表现证实,这取决于被采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。3.[解析] 本题考核的知识点:抽象名词的意译和代词指代。这是一个简单句。Whether to use… situation做主语;whether… or 意为“是……还是”; depends是谓语;evidence from和such factors as…共同做介词on的宾语。主语中的both根据上文应该指tests, other kinds of information两者;the evidence后有from experience修饰,experience又由一现在分词短语修饰;the evidence… validity可以译作“有关相对效度的经验依据”。译文:因此,究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息,或是在某一特定情况下两者同时使用,须凭有关相对效度的经验依据而定,也取决于诸如费用和现有条件等因素。4. [解析] 本题考核的知识点:状语从句的翻译和句子间的对比。该句由两个并列的主从复合句构成:the tests work most effectively when…and least effectively when…。两个分句由and 连接,and 之后的分句承前省略了主语和谓语the tests work。两个when都引导了时间状语从句,翻译时应置于主语之前。第二个状语从句中的主语是what 引导的名词性从句:what is to be measured or predicted,意为“被测定和被预测的东西”。词汇方面:work在这里意马心猿为“起作用”的意思;qualities是指被测人的素质;define意为“下定义,界定”。译文:一般地说,当被测定的特征能够被很准确的界定时,测试最为有效;而当被测定或被预测的东西不能够被明确地界定时,测试的效果则最差。5.[解析] 本题考核的知识点:虚拟语气,推测词义这是一个并列复合句。前一个分句的主语they指上文的the tests(本题所在段落中第二、三、四句的主语都承接第一句的主语tests,用they代替)。后一分句省略主语。由于两个分句成分相同时才会省略,因此这里省略的主语就是they(指测试)。Tell后的宾语从句用的是虚拟语气,表示对过去情况的虚拟;had he grown up 即if he had grown up。翻译时虚拟句中的条件从句应该放在其主句之前。词汇方面:gross在这里意为“明显的”;tell在此意为“判断、说明”;underprivileged 是一个需要用词汇学知识去推测词义的词,under(在……下)+privilege(特权),意为“在特权之下”,即物质条件不好,也可以结合条件句中的favorable circumstances(好的物质环境)的反义猜出词义;how able可以译作“有多能干,有多大的才干”。译文:例如,测试并不弥补明显的社会不公;因此,它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人,如果在较好的环境下成长,会有多大才干。

来如风

2020年考研英语二真题及答案解析(完整版)

2020考研政治、英语、数学、金融、经济学、管综等专业课真题及答案解析如下:

刀魂

1995年考研英语阅读第五篇解析—本文是关于记忆和遗忘方面的文章

That experiences influence subsequent behaviour is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering.过去的经历会影响日后的行为,这就表明存在着一种明显然而却非凡的脑力活动——记忆。Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory.没有被广泛称之为记忆的作用,学习就不可能发生。Constant practice has such an effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words.不断的练习实践对记忆产生了影响,从而成就了钢琴上的熟练弹奏、背诵诗歌,甚至阅读和理解这些文字。So-called intelligent behaviour demands memory, remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning.所谓的智力行为需要记忆能力,因为它是推理的基本要求。The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory.用于解决问题或者甚至是辨别出有问题存在的能力有赖于记忆。Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences.举例来说,一个穿过街道的决定是根据对许多以往经历的回忆而作出的。Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious.练习(或者复习)有助于建立和保持对一项任务或任何学习过的材料的记忆。如果一段时间不练习,已学习到的知识往往会被遗忘;其适应性的结果可能表现得不明显。Yet,dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can be seen to be adaptive. 但是,戏剧性的突然遗忘的例子可以被看作为极具适应性。In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals.从这点看,遗忘的能力可以被理解为动物通过自然选择进程赢得了生存。Indeed, when one’s memory of an emotionally painful experience lead to serious anxiety, forgetting may proce relief.的确,当一个人对一件情感上很痛苦的经历的记忆导致了严重的焦虑时,遗忘可以带来解脱。Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly graal process of forgetting survived natural selection.然而,进化论的解释可能会使人很难理解通常逐渐的遗忘过程是如何经自然选择生存下来的。In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade.在思考记忆的进化过程及其他相关方面时,考虑下面这个问题是很有益处的,即,如果记忆不能渐渐消失将会出现什么情形。Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring ration.遗忘明显有助于时间的定位,因为旧的记忆淡化了,使新的记忆清晰醒目,为推断某事的持续时间提供了线索。Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer, for example, learned behaviour that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be.没有遗忘,适应性能力就会受损。例如,十年前所学的正确行为现在也许不再被认为正确。Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. Thus forgetting seems to serve that survival of the indivial and the species.案例记载了这样一些人,他们(按一般人的标准)忘记的事情太少以至于日常生活充满了困惑。因此,遗忘似乎有助于个人以及人类的生存。Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting.另一条思路假设人的记忆存储系统储量有限,它专门通过遗忘来提供适应之灵活性。In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting (output).依此观点,学习或记忆储存(输入)与遗忘(输出)之间始终在不断地调节。Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which indivials forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offer gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance.的确,有证据显示个人遗忘的比率与他们学得的知识量的多少直接相关。这样的数据为认为输入—输出持衡的当代记忆模式提供了总体上的支持。27.[答案]D[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:推理引申题。从进化论解释遗忘是第二段的内容,该段第二、三句谈到,“一段时间由于缺乏实践,学到的东西往往就会忘记(渐进性地遗忘),其适应性结果就显得不太明显。然而戏剧性地突然遗忘的例子可以被看作具有适应性,即动物在自然选择的过程中幸存下来的能力”,但是末句又谈到“进化论的解释可能使人很难理解渐进的遗忘过程是如何经过自然选择生存下来的”。因此可知,[D]选项是正确的观点,而[C]选项与文意相反。[A]选项错在“obviously”,原文第二句中提到适应性结果不太明显。[B]选项是对第三句的篡改,而不是改写,其中两个very夸大暗示了原文中没有的遗忘与适应性之间的正比关系。命题意图是要求考生理解第二段中作者如何论述渐进性的遗忘和突然性遗忘与适应性的关系。28.[答案]B本题考查不会遗忘带来的后果。第三段一开始就指出,思考一下记忆不衰退会产生的结果。第四句论证说,忘事少的人,他们的日常生活充满了困惑。同时第二段第五句也提到,当一个人对一件情感上很痛苦的经历难以忘怀而导致严重焦虑时,遗忘可以带来解脱。也就是说,不会忘记就清除不了烦恼。因为[B]选项为上述思想的概括,其中,a lot of trouble 对应文中full of confusion。[A]选项与第三段第三句“没有遗忘,适应性能力就会受损”不符。[C]选项与第四段内容矛盾:“人的记忆存储系统储量有限,学习与遗忘之间不断地调节”。[D]选项中的“进化停止”过于绝对,文中没有涉及。注意:考生可以根据题干的if a person never forgot和第三段首句的if memories failed to fade,迅速定位到段落。29.[答案]A[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:段落主题。最后一段认为,人的记忆存储系统储量有限,它通过遗忘来提供适应的灵活性。学习或记忆储存(输入)与遗忘(输出)之间始终不断地调节,达到出入平衡。因此[A]选项符合文意,为正确答案。[B]选项中的exactly一词用得过于绝对,与文章内容不符。[C]选项把记忆与遗忘的关系搞错,二者并非补偿关系,只不过都是记忆系统的组成部分。[D]选项不正确,原文只说遗忘使记忆系统更具适应力,而不是说它造成了记忆存储系统的有限性。注意:干扰项中可能大量使用原文中提到的词语,其增加或减少都会造成错误答案,考生一定要仔细辨认。如:该题干扰选项中出现的memory storage system, limited, capacity, input-output, balance等。30.[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:文章主旨题。本题考查全文的主旨。本文共四段,仅在第一段单纯讲述记忆的作用。从第二段开始文章侧重论述遗忘的功能,指出它是人类适应生存的表现,没有它,人的适应性会受影响;以及记忆系统专门通过遗忘提供适应的灵活性。由此可见[B]选项是文章内容重点讨论的对象,即主题。forgetting一词在文中出现的频率很高。其他选项在文中有所涉及,但不是主题。注意:解此类题,要特别注意综合各段中心大意,或找出文中出现频率偏高的词。

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