1990年考研英语真题

通过历年考试考研调查数据发现，翻译题是考研英语各题型中得分率较低的一道题。为什么翻译是考研人的普遍弱项？主要原因是词组和单词量不够，语法障碍，缺乏翻译技巧，翻译速度过慢，阅读速度过慢等几大因素。为针对词组和单词量薄弱的情况，小编为大家整理了《历年翻译真题中考察过的351个高频词组（1990-2017）》，这些词组复考率超高，还能帮你有效地把握命题规律！希望大家好好背熟，考研翻译一定可以有一些突破，提高得分率！

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

很多人想知道，英语有什么捷径吗？在这里可以很负责地告诉大家：除了坚持还是坚持，因为这是做任何事的必备前提。考研英语到底该如何学习，怎样才能取到理想的分数呢？做好这些，你就能稳扎稳打，取得一个理想的成绩。许多英语比较差的同学都想知道，学好英语有没有什么捷径，这里可以很负责地告诉同学们是没有的。对于2021考研的同学来说，考研英语的学习必须稳扎稳打，这样才能取得一个好的成绩。英语比较差的同学可以参考这个复习节奏复习考研英语。一、6月之前：解决词汇+长难句考研英语的基础就是词汇、长难句，这是需要下功夫去理解、去记忆的，并且只有解决了词汇和长难句，这样后期做题才不会有阅读障碍。因此，6月份之前的复习重点就放在词汇和长难句上，不要急着做题，只有把基本功练好，到了后期才能厚积薄发。 至于词汇、长难句怎么进行搭配复习，这里给大家提一个参考方案：1.每天早上花1个半小时的时间背单词。看音标识记、看图画记忆，边背边写，做到口要读、手要写、脑要记，在背完之后，通过写在纸上的，回忆联想今天的记忆情况，记录下印象不深的单词，便于下次记忆。2.单词背完之后，再拿出1小时的时间研究长难句。可以计划每天看十五个，挑出主干、修饰成分，刚开始看的时候会感觉很难，但是分析的多了，难度自然就会大大降低了。这阶段对于长难句的学习，对后期的复习大有裨益，可以极大地提高复习效率。这阶段的任务就是学习好词汇搭配长难句，真题熟悉题型即可。6月以后：真题精练在掌握词汇、长难句之后，就可以开始真题的练习了，考研英语真题是最权威的复习资料，所以真题要好好的研究，反复的去做。1、真题分批做考研英语真题选择2000年以后的就可以了，如果时间比较充裕的话也可以选择1990年以后的真题。2004年以前的真题相对容易些，可以以此为分界点建档，04年之前的真题题型和现在有所不同，可以用来练练手。04年之后的真题记得留出几套到9月份之后进行模拟自测。2、真题怎么做真题一般要做到2~3遍。第一遍主要是熟悉题型，初步总结做题思路。所以第一遍不要注重错误得分情况。在做阅读题的时候，建议大家先看题目，再根据题目定位每道题所在段落，最后是通读文章，尤其要注意定位好的重点句；在分析选项的时候，一般有2个选项比较好排除，剩下的2个选项则需要仔细揣摩。在最后抉择到底选哪个的时候，给大家提醒几点：第一，越是和文章一样的，越不能选择；第二，第二，常用的几个错误一定要来回试着分析，比如，是否存在偷换概念、是否存在过度引申、是否存在无中生有等等。这些都是常用的技巧，大家一定要注意。第一遍：主要是熟悉这些常见的误区，通过真题解析，揣摩命题人的出题思路。为什么大家总是做不对题？最重要的原因就是没能按照命题人的思路分析文章，练习真题的过程也是我们培养熟悉命题人思维的过程、尽量脱离自己思维方式的过程。这也是上面所说的要熟悉常见的选项误区的原因。第二遍：主要是在初步掌握做题思路的基础上，进一步强化对真题的把控力度，可以适当总结适合自己的解题经验。这个阶段重在提高自己解题、分析试题的能力，对于做题中的感触，也要注重记笔记。也便于后期查阅。第三遍：主要就是查漏补缺，进一步巩固适合自己的解题方法。那么最后冲刺，作文怎么办？最后阶段，作文这块也是大家最挠头的，因为平常一般不怎么练。关于作文怎么复习？给大家提2点建议：1、从"十一"之后，每天都练练作文，边读边写。可以抄写真题，也可以自己写。对于开头、中间过渡、结尾，自己建个手抄本，好的句子抄上去，每天都翻看背一下。2、最后阶段也有很多预测作文的书，同学们可以买本看看。便于增加不同题材的词汇量，考试的时候也能应对自如。考研英语的学习没有捷径，英语差也不要慌，只要坚持，找对方法找对路，端正自己的态度，就一定能取得好的成绩！

【新东方名师：考研英语一高分秘笈】由新东方英语名师王树振老师主讲，主要分为四个部分：命题规律、解题步骤、解题方法和高分技巧，内容详实，方法实用，能够帮你快速掌握考研英语（一）各种题型的超级解题方法和应试技巧，在最短的时间内，考研英语（一）轻松过线考高分！本专栏每天更新内容，因此，购买前一定要先点击关注英语名师王树振，然后再购买，不错过更新内容，购买后记得私信数字8给王老师，领取包括练习题在内的全套PDF资料，可打印长期保存。第一节 命题规律考研英语（一）的“英语知识运用”是以完型填空题的形式，考查广大考生以词汇为核心的语言综合运用能力，包括基础知识的掌握和运用、对整个文章逻辑关系的理解、在情境中辨析词义以及词组短语搭配的能力，要求考生既要具备丰富的词汇和扎实的语法基础，又要有较强的阅读能力和逻辑判断能力。#考研英语#这种题型的考查形式为，在一篇300-400词的文章中去掉20个单词或词组，并给出四个选项，要求考生从每小题给出的4个选项中选出1个最佳答案，填入文章空白处，使补全后的文章上下文通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。文章有20道小题，每小题0.5分，满分为10分。通过对近十年的考研英语（一）真题的分析可以看出，完形填空在体裁上大多以议论文为主，说明文为辅，而题材上涉及科技、经济、文化、教育、社会生活等诸多领域。第二节 解题步骤做考研英语（一）的完形填空时，考生要先快速浏览全文，抓住文章的中心思想，摸清文章的脉络和框架。然后再根据文章的语境特点从词语搭配、习惯用法、上下文的逻辑关系以及一般的生活常识等方面进行分析，从而选出既合语法又合语境的答案。因而，要想做好完形填空题，可依据以下步骤进行：一、跳过空格，通读全文由于考研英语（一）的完形填空是一整篇文章，在解题时考生应快速跳过空格，通读全文，由于首句不设空，所以要仔细研读首句。先跳过空格，通读全文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文主题及大意。文章首句一般不设空，且往往含有文章主题词或中心论点。因此首句就成为考生把握文章的重要切口，读懂首句就能快速进入正确的思维路径，判断文章体裁，推测文章大意。同时完形填空的正确选项都是紧扣文章主旨和中心主线的，所以正确理解篇首也有利于提高做题正确率。此外，考生还需要关注文章每个段落的首句，这样便于把握段落大意，紧跟故事脉络的走向。二、分析填空，瞻前顾后考生在做题过程中，需要先分段阅读，抓住主题句，弄清每一段的主要意思，以及段落与段落之间的关系，然后再逐句阅读，理清句子的意思和句子与句子之间的结构关系，在此基础上仔细分析填空，切忌一句一句死扣的答题方法，避免局部的、片面的、主观的错误。另外，在做完形填空时，在语篇大的框架图式下，考生需要瞻前顾后，通过对上下文线索的观察和分析，反复研判空格处在句中的语法作用，逐一比对选项，确保最后的选择使文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。三、先易后难，初定答案在理解文章大意基础上，对每道题所给的词语进行剖析，考虑语境，上下呼应，运用逻辑思维进行推理，依据文章的主干，运用所学的词汇和语法知识，根据上下文的关系，加上初读的印象和语感，初步确定答案。若遇到一时难以判定的选项，考生可以暂时搁置选项，先完成简单的题目，把难的留在后面，继续推进阅读，待完成其它有把握的选项，且收集到较多的线索后，再回过头来解决遗留的难题。四、复读全文，查漏补缺答题结束后，把所填答案代入原文进行检验，再复读一遍全文，查漏补缺，看上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误，注意句与句之间、段与段之间是否连贯一致。从整体上检查每个答案是否能使文章内容、结构衔接完整，凡有疑问的地方须谨慎调整。在这一环节，考生要特别注意平时易错的地方，从局部和细节上检查每个答案的选择是否都有充分的依据，是否有逻辑上、知识上和常识性的错误，并对名词的单复数，动词的时态和语态，形容词和副词的比较等级，代词的用法等加以注意，以免出现因疏忽丢分的现象。第三节 高分技巧一、逻辑关系解题法基于文章连贯性的特点，在做完形填空时，考生要注意捕捉一些体现因果、转折、递进、让步等逻辑关系的逻辑连词，这些词通常是连词、连接性副词和词组。英语知识运用部分很注重考查考生的语篇意识，因此，

今年高考终于在南方的暴雨中落下帷幕。对于这一届的高三同学来说，2020年注定是不平凡的一年。对于正在复习考研的大家，其实也可以从高考英语作文中获得信息和灵感，因为在高考英语试卷里，藏着考研真题。今年高考英语就有几套卷子考查了书信作文，形式与考研小作文几乎一模一样。甚至在去年，还出现了高考英语全国I卷和考研英语一小作文“撞题”的现象！此外，志愿者（volunteer）的身份及相关话题还分别在2015年英语二（呼吁志愿者加入高中生夏令营活动）和2010年英语一（为全球化的国际会议招募志愿者）的小作文中多次考查过。其实英文应试考卷的题型分布大致都是一样的，比如高考、考研和四六级都会设置阅读理解、完形填空以及写作等考查板块，只不过对考生的能力要求和判卷标准在不同程度和方向上有侧重，并在此基础上对难度和题目形式进行调整。我们来具体看看高考英语作文（以全国I卷为例）和考研英语小作文的对比：题型上，高考作文常见题型有书信、邮件、通知，这与考研小作文是几乎一致，都是考察大家基本的书信沟通能力。字数上，高考作文和考研小作文对字数的要求都是100字。分值上，高考应用文写作占25分（总分150分），考研小作文占10分（总分100分）。看完以上的总结，就不难发现这两大考试的共同点。书信作文其实你们在高考考场上都写过，所以大家要对考研写作还是要自信点。我已经准备好了书信作文的标准格式模板，大家现在就存图，背起来！注：内容来源网络

一、专业介绍数学科学学院成立于2004年，其前身是1915年创建的北京高等师范学校数理部，1922年成立数学系，1983年成立数学与数学教育研究所。学院现有教职工96人，其中教授39人,副教授31人；专任教师中有博士学位的教师占98%。特别地，有中国科学院院士2人，第三世界科学院院士1人，全国高校教学名师奖1人，国家杰出青年基金获得者3人、国家优秀青年基金获得者2人，入选新世纪百千万人才工程国家级人选2人。现有全日制在校生1290人，其中本科生964人，硕士研究生228人，博士研究生98人。1988年，基础数学、概率论与数理统计被评为国家重点学科。1990年建立了北京师范大学第一个博士后流动站。1996年，数学学科成为国家211工程重点建设的学科。1997年成为国家基础科学人才培养基金基地。1998年获数学一级学科博士学位授予权。2001年概率论方向被评为国家自然科学基金创新群体。2005年进入“985工程”科技创新基础建设平台。二、专业目录三、参考书《数学分析》第二版上、下, 陈纪修等, 高等教育出版社, 2004. 《简明数学分析》 第二版, 郇中丹等, 高等教育出版社， 2009. 《数学分析》数学分析第3版(1-3册), 郑学安等编著, 北京师范大学出版社。《代数学基础》(上)，张英伯，王恺顺，北京师范大学出版社《高等代数学》第三版，姚慕生，吴泉水，谢启鸿。《空间解析几何》（第四版），高红铸，王敬庚，傅若男，北京师范大学出版社《解析几何》尤承业，北京大学出版社《解析几何》（第三版），丘维声，北京大学出版社《新祥旭714考研辅导班内部讲义》四、分数线学校名称：北京师范大学学院名称：数学科学学院年份：2019专业代码：070101专业名称：基础数学总分：305.00政治：48.0外语：48.0专业课一：85.0专业课二：90.0五、714大纲1、实数集与函数考试内容：实数概念及性质，确界原理，闭区间套定理，函数的概念及表示法，函数的有界性、单调性、周期性和奇偶性，复合函数、反函数、分段函数和隐函数，基本初等函数的性质及其图形，初等函数，函数关系的建立.2、数列与一元函数的极限考试内容：数列极限和函数极限（简称极限）的定义，数列的上、下极限，函数的单侧极限(自变量趋于单点时函数的左极限与右极限，自变量趋于正或负无限大时函数的极限)，函数的单侧上、下极限，无穷小量和无穷大量的概念及其关系，无穷小量的性质及无穷小量的比较，极限的性质，极限存在的两个判别准则: 柯西(Cauchy)准则和单调有界准则, 两个重要极限，致密性定理，聚点定理，数列极限的施托尔茨(Stolz)定理，函数极限的海涅(Heine)定理，开集、闭集和紧集，有限覆盖定理.3、一元函数的连续考试内容：函数连续的概念和性质，函数间断点的类型，初等函数的连续性，闭区间上连续函数的性质. 4、一元函数微分学考试内容：导数和微分的概念和关系，导数的几何意义和物理意义，微分的几何意义，函数的可导性与连续性之间的关系，平面曲线的切线和法线，导数和微分的四则运算，基本初等函数的导数，复合函数、反函数、隐函数以及参数方程所确定的函数的微分法，高阶导数，莱布尼兹求导公式，一阶微分形式的不变性，微分中值定理，泰勒(Taylor)公式，洛必达(L'Hospital)法则，函数单调性的判别，函数的极值，函数的最大值和最小值，函数图形的凹凸性、拐点及渐近线，函数图形的描绘，插值多项式和方程近似求根.5、一元函数积分学考试内容：原函数和不定积分的概念，不定积分的基本性质，基本函数的积分公式,定积分(指黎曼积分)的概念和基本性质，定积分中值定理，积分上、下限函数及其导数，黎曼可积的判别准则，牛顿一莱布尼茨(Newton-Leibniz)公式，不定积分和定积分的换元积分法与分部积分法，有理函数、三角函数的有理式和简单无理函数的积分，反常(广义)积分，定积分的应用.6、无穷级数考试内容:（一）常数项级数：收敛与发散的概念，收敛级数的和的概念，级数的基本性质与收敛的必要条件，几何级数与，p级数及其收敛性，正项级数收敛性的判别法，交错级数与莱布尼茨定理，任意项级数的绝对收敛与条件收敛.（二）函数项级数：收敛域、和函数、一致收敛概念，函数项级数的一致收敛判别法、和函数的分析性质(连续性、可微性和可积性；逐项求极限、求微分和逐项求积分),（三）幂级数：幂级数及其收敛半径、收敛区间（指开区间）和收敛域，幂级数的和函数，幂级数在其收敛区间内的基本性质，简单幂级数的和函数的求法，初等函数的幂级数展开式.（四）三角级数与函数的傅里叶（Fourier）级数：2л-周期函数的傅里叶系数与傅里叶级数，黎曼引理，贝塞尔不等式，傅里叶级数收敛的狄尼(Dini)判别法、狄利克雷(Dirichlet)判别法，傅里叶级数的收敛定理，2l(l>0)-周期函数函数的傅里叶级数，正弦级数和余弦级数.7、多元函数微分学考试内容：多元函数的概念，二元函数的几何意义，多元函数的极限与连续的概念，多元函数极限存在与否的判断，二元函数的累次极限，有界闭区域上多元连续函数的性质，多元函数的偏导数和全微分、二阶乃至更高阶偏导数，全微分存在的必要条件和充分条件，隐函数存在定理，反函数存在定理，多元复合函数、隐函数的求导法、二阶导数，方向导数和梯度，空间曲线的切线和法平面，曲面的切平面和法线，二元函数的二阶泰勒公式，多元函数的极值和条件极值，多元函数的最大值、最小值及其简单应用.8、含参变量的广义积分考试内容：含参变量的广义积分的概念，含参变量的广义积分一致收敛的概念，含参变量的广义积分的分析性质，一些含参变量的广义积分的计算.伽玛(Gamma)函数,贝塔(Beta)函数.9、多元函数积分学考试内容：二重积分与三重积分的概念、性质、计算和应用,两类曲线积分的概念、性质及计算，两类曲线积分的关系，格林（Green）公式,平面曲线积分与路径无关的条件，二元函数全微分的原函数，两类曲面积分的概念、性质及计算，两类曲面积分的关系，高斯（Gauss）公式,斯托克斯（Stokes)公式,散度、旋度的概念及计算,曲线积分和曲面积分的应用.六、专业课经验专业课前期先打好基础，后期的巩固与提高才有效果，大概用了2个月的时间先看华东师范大学的《数学分析》，和北大的《高等代数》。主要是看内容，课后习题（两套教材都是有配套习题解答书，用起来很方便）。关于教材的内容，不留死角，在课本上的内容都要弄清楚，课后习题先自己独立思考，不会的话借助习题解答书。暑假6月到9月在看李傅山的《数学分析中的问题与方法》和王利广的《高等代数中的典型问题与方法》，两本书是分类综合的复习书，相比教材难度要稍大，把教材的内容重新归类，提炼出常考点，难点重点，也保证了每个题都有解答，我经常会有想不通的地方，会提出一些问题与新祥旭一对一的学长沟通，暑期认真读透了这两本书，感觉收获很大。过完暑假自己开始作华东师范大学的考研真题（因为华东师范大学的考研真题比较全，网上有卖一套解答与解析），每天白天查漏补缺并学习英语和政治，晚上抽出3小时的时间，模拟考试，时间持续了一个多月，进步很大。知道了考试的大致范围，常考点和套路，这个时候再去看其他学校的考研真题，大部分都有了思路。进入11月及12月，我开始钻研琢磨北师大的考研真题，因为北师大的考研真题在网上没有成体系的解答，基本上都是我和新祥旭学长一道一道商讨解决的。与此同时我开始着手解析几何的备考（北师大的专业课2是65分的解析几何和85分的高等代数，虽然解析几何的难度比较低，但是11月开始着手备考有点不妥）进入12月份，自己的心态有些变化，每天会心慌（尽管自己前期做了很多努力，看书与刷题，也许到这个时间段心态的变化都是正常的。

千呼万唤始出来，同学们，南京师范大学新传考研择校分析来喽，干货满满，建议收藏哦。本期嘉宾爱传播刑十九，本科“五非”院校，非985非211非一本非双一流非省会。初试成绩378分，第五，专业一120，专业二124，爱传播南京师范大学全程班班主任。本期目录信息：1、择校经历2、院校信息3、招考信息4、参考书目5、真题分析6、复习规划经验7、写在最后的话一、择校经历我的择校经历主要考虑两个因素：地域、真题和参考书。相比于北上广深，南京属于信一线城市，生活压力不如前者大，地处长江三角洲，地理位置优越，拥有丰富的传媒资源。南京的高校中新传专业还可以的就南大和南师。其次，我对比了两个院校的参考书目，南大没有给出指定书目，而南师给出了明确的参考书目。之后，我通过各种渠道找到了南师近若年的真题，发现南师考察的较为基础，而且重复性较大，出题风格稳定。于是，我毫不犹豫的选择了南师。就南师大而言，其在2018年的专业评估中，属于B+，和其他院校并列第九，专业实力较强。科研活动丰富，学术气氛浓厚，连续举办了媒介与社会发展学术研讨会、民国新闻史高层论坛、媒介法规与伦理学术研讨会、江苏省传媒学科研究生论坛，经常组织了学术交流，包括学界专家组成的“随园传媒讲坛”、业界精英展开的“传媒论见”以及“求真教师学术沙龙”和“善学研究生沙龙”等。二、院校信息南京师范大学新闻传播教育起步于1964年6月，教育部批复江苏省委宣传部，同意在南京师范学院增设新闻专业。1977年全国恢复高考，南京师范学院招收新闻学专业学生40人，接受省委宣传部直接领导，新华日报社和学校联办共管，理论课程由学校承担，班主任、实践课程均由新华日报社负责委派。1984年起，在省委宣传部的直接干预下，新闻学专业恢复连续招生。1990年5月，江苏省委宣传部在南京师范大学设立江苏省新闻人才培训中心。1995年4月，南京师范大学在新闻学专业和电教系基础上正式成立新闻与传播学院。专业设置学院专业设置齐全，学科层次完整。学院下设新闻系、广播电视系、广告系、网络与新媒体系、影视摄影系等5个系，面向省内外招收新闻学、广播电视学、广告学、网络与新媒体、广播电视编导等专业的本科生，其中新闻学专业为国家首批特色专业和江苏省特色专业，新闻传播学专业类为江苏省“十二五”重点专业。学院拥有新闻学博士点1个，新闻传播学一级学科硕士点1个，新闻学、传播学、广播电视艺术学3个二级学科硕士点和新闻与传播硕士、广播电视（艺术硕士）2个专业学位点。自2001年以来，新闻学科连续获得“十五”、“十一五”、“十二五”江苏省重点学科；2016年，新闻传播学科被遴选为“十三五”江苏省唯一的新闻传播学一级学科重点学科。师资等力量学院现有教职员工65人，其中专任教师45人，教授（研究员）14人，副教授20人，博士生导师8人，硕士生导师27人。学院设有媒介与社会发展研究中心、舆情与社会治理研究中心、民国新闻研究所等校级重点机构，还有传媒与法治研究所、摄影文化产业与图像传播研究所、现代广告研究所、媒介发展与危机管理研究所、出版传播研究所、新媒体研究所等机构。江苏省新闻人才培训中心、江苏省党委政府新闻发言人培训基地挂靠在本院，同时设有《江苏政务舆情》编辑部。本院为中国新闻史学会媒介法规与伦理研究会会长单位、江苏省科教电影电视协会理事长单位。传媒实验中心为江苏省实验教学示范中心、中央和地方共建高校特色优势学科实验室，拥有用房面积为2800平方米，拥有电话调查实验室、数字高清演播室、卫星电视采集实验室、电子新闻采编实验室、媒介融合实验室等实验室。“十二五”以来，学院获得江苏省优秀教学成果一等奖1项（新闻传播学类唯一）；获江苏省哲学社会科学优秀成果奖和教育部高等学校科学研究优秀成果奖（人文社会科学）7项，其中一等奖1项，二等奖3项；承担国家社科基金项目12项，其中重大项目1项，重点项目4项；承担江苏省社科基金重大项目1项。学院先后出版了“舆情与社会治理文丛”、“新闻传播史探索文丛”、“影视传播新时空文丛”、“当代传媒与社会”、“信息传播与社会发展文丛”、“新闻与传播学应用系列丛书”、“当代媒体新闻实践丛书”、“广播影视艺术系列丛书”、“影视传播艺术与技术丛书”、“广播影视艺术编导系列丛书”、“摄影艺术系列丛书”等多套丛书。开展的媒介与农村社会发展、民国新闻史、媒介法规与伦理、新媒体与社会治理等方向形成了特色和优势。奖助学金南师大学硕学制为3年，学费为每年8000元；南师大专硕学制为2年，学费为每年10000元；住宿费用根据条件不同价格不等，住宿价格不超过1500元/年，在随园校区。硕士研究生资助标准为每生每年6000元，每年按照10个月在正常学制内发放。三、招考信息近三年南师大新传院研究生录取情况一览：数据来源：南京师范大学新闻与传播学院官网和南师大研究生院历年招生简章报考人数则是逐年递增，去年专硕的报考人数高达964，学硕高达500多，可见南师新传考研的热度。四、参考书目1、新闻传播学参考书目：2、新闻与传播参考书目3、其他参考书《新闻学概论》（第六版），李良荣著，复旦大学出版社；《网络传播概论》（第四版），彭兰著，中国人民大学出版社；《大众传播理论：范式与流派》，刘海龙，中国人民大学出版社；《传播学史》，罗杰斯著，殷晓蓉译， 上海译文出版社；4、其他参考资料：爱传播的《20天20题》、《新闻传播学热点专题80讲》、四大期刊的学术论文、院校老师的论文五、真题分析1、从纵向上看今年热点的考察内容增多，南师更加“大众化”；史论和理论的考察更为系统；另外考察了实务理论，重视实务写作能力；2、从横向上看专硕较之学硕，考查内容更为灵活；理论和史论的考察趋于融合；3、变中有不变重基础、翻来覆去、考察内容小众、体量大。这就要求我们：不能局限于院校教材，需要了解并把握学科脉络；题海战术，多做知名院校的新闻传播考研真题；密切关注学界、业界热点，拒绝闭门造车。最后关注江苏传媒业，熟读院校老师论文（新闻史和新闻法规）。18年真题：19年真题：学硕理论一、名词解释（5分*9）1、癸丑报灾 中新史2、《新闻学》（徐宝璜） 中新史3、皇家特许出版公司 外新史4、《金字塔报》 外新史5、《费加罗报》 外新史6、驿传 新闻理论+中新史7、知情权 新闻理论+传播理论8、休眠效果 传播理论9、文化研究学派 传播理论二、简答题（10分*4）1、民国时期的副刊与五四时期的副刊区别 中新史2、日本广播协会的组成及其功能 外新史+新闻理论3、英国资产阶级革命时期约翰洛克的思想和观点 外新史4、阿道夫·奥克斯接手《纽约时报》的措施 外新史三、论述（14*4）1、邸报，小报，京报间的联系与对中国古代新闻事业的影响 中新史2、黄远生，邵飘萍，范长江的共性与特点 中新史3、算法新闻对新闻传播事业的影响 热点（20天20题涉及）（全程班-冲刺课）4、大数据时代，谈对“数字媒介素养”的看法 传播理论+热点（20天20题涉及）（全程班-冲刺课）学硕实务一、简答（10分*2）1、简述三代导语形式导语的特点 基础实务理论2、什么是新闻线索，有什么特点。 基础实务理论二、消息改写400字 (40分)花总酒店曝光材料 实操（全程班-实务课）三、报道策划（30分）上海女大学生因HIV被同学知道而自杀就此事件列采访提纲四、论述题（20分）论述媒介融合时代下对新闻记者之新闻伦理的影响和应对措施。（全程班-基础课、冲刺课）五、评论800字（40分）关于各大高校门禁，是开放还是封闭式管理。（全程班-实务课）专硕理论一、名词解释（5 分*6）1、监督权 新闻理论+传播理论2、拉斯韦尔 传播理论3、信息主权 传播理论4、社会化管理模式 新闻理论5、《论禁小报》 中新史（倪延年老师的论文）6、BBC 外新史二、简答（12 分*5）1、霍夫兰和说服效果实验 传播理论2、新闻传播者职业道德的主要内容 新闻理论3、孙中山的新闻思想 新闻史（倪延年）4、从唯物史观看问题，如何把握社会传播的总过程 传播理论5、简述美国 20 世纪初的“揭丑运动” 外新史三、论述（30 分*2）1、列宁火星报著名论断“报纸不仅仅宣传思想，还是政治教育争取同盟者，是集体宣传的推动者和组织者”（大致意思）试用列宁、布尔什维克、中国共产党民国时期办报活动论证这一著名论断。外新史+中新史2、微视频的内容 （1）运用微视频传播案例分析微视频传播特点 （全程班-热点课）（2）主流媒体如何运用微视频坚守传统舆论阵地 热点（全程班-热点课）专硕实务一、简答 （10 分*4）1、消息和通讯的异同 基础2、新闻评论开头的写作方法 基础3、灾害新闻写作的注意事项 （全程班——基础课）4、机器人写作新闻的优势和不足 （全程班——热点课）二、论述 （20 分*2）1、批评报道与坚持正确舆论导向的关系 （全程班——基础课）2、县级融媒体中心建设正在全面推进，县级融媒体建设对新闻传播业务改革的影响 （全程班——热点课）三、实务材料：花总酒店曝光写消息和评论1、消息 300 字，一个报刊标题一个新媒体标题（30 分）2、评论 600 字，并说明它适合的发布平台（40 分）20年真题：一、名词解释（5*6分）1. 圣约翰报学系 中新史2. 图片报 外新史3. 阿歇特报团 外新史4. 反转新闻 新闻理论(全程班-基础课)5. 监督权 理论二、简答（4*10分）1. 评述民国民营广播电台的“商业本质”。广电史2. 简述狄楚青主持《时报》业务改革的主要成果及意义。中新史3. 简述《论自由》的主要观点。外新史4. 简述李普曼对新闻传播学的贡献。传播理论(全程班-基础课)三、论述（2*20分）1.试分析舆论宣传、舆论引导、舆论导向之间的区别与联系。新闻理论2.1941年5月，《大公报》被美国密苏里新闻学院授予“荣誉奖章”。张季鸾在 5月15日社评中写道“中国报”有一点与各国不同。就是各国的报是作为一种大的实业经营，而中国报原则上是文人论政的机关，不是实业机关。这一点，可以说是中国落后，但也可以说是特长。民国以来中国报也有商业化的趋向，但程度还很浅。以本报为例，假若本报尚有渺小的价值，就在于虽按着商业经营，而仍能保持文人论政的本来面目”。试评述张季鸾得出“中国报原则上是文人论政的机关，而不是实业机关”的主要依据及主要目的，试分析该论断是否符合史实。中新史+外新史联系作答四、综合题（2*20分）1.中国新闻史上有不少新闻提出了记者素养的论述，试谈谈这些论述与“四力”的联系。（20分） 中新史+热点 联系作答2.请谈谈全媒体时代如何提升新闻工作者的职业素养。（20分） 新闻理论+现实环境（全程班-热点课）一、简答（3*10分）1.采访中的非语言符号有哪些？ 基础2. 请简述国外报纸言论版的构成要素。基础3.采写批评报道时，应注意哪些方法和策略？基础二、论述题（2*15分）1.在新闻采编实践中，一旦确定好报道选题，记者应如何驾驭思维。基础2.结合新闻传播实践，谈一谈在网络时代如何提升新闻评论的文采。（全程班——实务课）三、采访计划（20分）请根据下列材料，拟订一份在省级党报微信公众号推送中使用的稿件的采访计划。（20分）（全程班——实务课）素材：滴滴顺风车进行整改，465天后重新上线服务，开启女性专属保护计划，时间改为晚8点-次5点四、实务题（2*35分）1.利用下面的所给材料，写一篇800字左右的消息。消息标题使用双行题，消息结构使用倒金字塔式结构。（全程班——实务课）素材：2019年10月10日傍晚，312国道无锡高架桥坍塌，三轮车司机刘建军死里逃生。2.根据下面所给的材料，自拟题目写一篇800字左右的新闻评论。素材：袁明华，脱贫，“抱团”一、名词解释（6*5 分）1.黄色新闻 外新史2.苏报案 中新史3.客里空 中新史4.露布 新闻理论5.经验学派 传播理论6.地球村 理论二、简答题（5*12 分）1.毛泽东《对晋绥日报编辑人员的谈话》的基本观点是什么？ 中新史2.简述传媒的社会责任理论 传播理论3.简述廉价报纸产生的历史背景及其特点 外新史4.简述“第三人效果”产生的制约因素 传播理论5.李普曼在《公共舆论》中提到，我们需要在现实环境中生活，但是有“不得不在驾驭它之前使用比较简单的方法来对它进行重构”请你谈谈对这段话的理解 传播理论三、论述（2*30 分）1.论述“韬奋精神”的内涵及现实意义 中新史+当下新闻专业主义（20天20题涉及）2.江歌被刘鑫的前男友陈世峰杀害，此案由新闻媒体首先引入国内公众视野，后江母在微博的发声成为讲述的主要方向，并曝光刘的个人信息，在微博收集签名推动陈的死刑。刘也开始在微博回应此事，并多次撰写长文叙述事件经过，公众关注度逐渐提高，请从社交媒体语境下多元传播主体的话语实践及其对新闻生产的影响这一角度展开评述。理论+热点（20天20题涉及）一、简答（2*10 分）1.新闻语言的基本要求 基础2.新闻作品中背景材料的作用 基础二、论述（2*20 分）1.人工智能时代对新闻记者的伦理冲击和解决对策。 变革（全程班—基础课）2.社交媒体时代，受众成为生产者和消费者，请说明这种变化对传统媒体新闻业的影响。热点（全程班—基础课）三、消息写作（40 分）消息写作：400 字消息，素材：进博会相关四、材料题（50 分）素材：学生参加比赛泛滥，培训班比赛流水作业，花钱比赛拿没用的奖。1. 微评，150 字（10 分）2. 评论，600 字（40 分）（全程班—实务课）六、复习规划建议复习规划经验：（一）现在至6月份将所有的专业书仔细看一遍，重在理解。边看边画思维导图，让自己对每本书的大概框架有了解。《传播学教程》、《新闻学概论》和《新闻理论教程》这三本书，可以遵循5W模式，从传者、受者、媒介、内容和效果等五个方面，对全书进行模块化总结。思维导图最多停留在三级标题，不再细分。方晓红老师的《中国新闻史》结构清晰，梳理起来特别容易。部分报纸分布在两到三个章节中，大家梳理时需要将其联系起来。学校考察史论的目的，不仅在于了解新闻历史，更在于启迪学生以史为鉴，学会用历史观看当下。需要注意的是，中新史的部分内容较少，如果作为简答题进行陈述，有点不够“完美”，大家可以对照方汉奇老先生的书进行补充。《外国新闻传播史》按各国的新闻业实力为划分维度，分成大中小国家。【大国主要包括英法美德日意（实力强），中间国包括俄罗斯、印度、埃及、澳大利亚、加拿大、韩国（实力较强），小国包括各大洲中有少数出色报纸的小国家，比如新加坡《联合早报》、卡塔尔-半岛电视台等。顺着时间线梳理即可。每个国家又可以分为报业（早期、资产阶级革命、一战、两次大战期间、二战后）、通讯社和广播电视事业三个部分。】在复习外新史时，需要主义大国家的小事件和小国家的大成就。（二）7-8月份二轮深入看书、做笔记、总结专题。做笔记和整理笔记是备考中最重要的一步，笔记的好坏直接决定背诵的难易程度。关于做笔记，许多同学目前肯定也很困惑，要不要自己做笔记？怎么做笔记？直接拿书背可行吗？首先，我们得明白笔记对课本的提炼和简化，这就要求我们不能做“抄书”式的笔记。我身边有很多同学以身试法，实验证明，这样的笔记对复习帮助不大。那么，我们应该怎么做笔记？我的笔记包括两个版本：思维导图和简答题式笔记。思维导图主要用于把握学科脉络，简答题式的笔记则用于记忆。尽可能地将每章中涉及到的知识点，用1234做标记，每个小点不能写太多，列出中心句即可。用这个方法，我自己做了《新闻理论教程》和《中国新闻史》的笔记，效果还可以。其他的笔记则从上岸学姐处购得，再稍加修改。其次，笔记不是一成不变的，我们需要不断的完善。在我看来，完善的内容主要包括学界热点和业界热点，也就是热点事件和理论发展的补充。与教材相关的知识，比如新时代下传统大众理论的发展，我会补充在笔记上。最后，对于一些热点事件和学术论文，则整理成专题。但是新传热点层出不穷，学术论文更是多到爆炸。建议大家按照爱传播《20天20题》的框架进行整理。我每周会抽出半天或者最多一天的时间，集中整理专题，对本周的热点事件、学界大佬的观点、传媒公众号的推文以及优秀期刊的文章进行归纳总结。（三）9-12月份疯狂背书加答题训练。按照大部分同学的进度，大概9月开始背书，到考试前有整4个月的时间，8本参考书，如果每本书至少背2-3遍的话，平均6-5天我们需要背诵一本书。时间紧迫，任务繁重啊。我们必须找到切实可行又哟效率的背诵方法。分享我背书的一点小TIP，即背诵中心句和关键词。在背诵时，大家需要将大段的文字划为几个层次，并且对每句话中的关键词进行标注，理解背诵每一句，再整合起来记忆。要想取得更好的复习效果，及早复习和反复背诵是关键。养成在睡觉前“放电影”的好习惯。说的直白点，就是我们要学会对自己的一天进行总结。前一天写下明天要完成的任务，当天晚上临睡前必须要回忆今天的所学内容。当你躺在床上，房间里漆黑一片，周围静悄悄的，你开始想“我今天早上背的什么内容啊？上午做的政治题是什么？为什么做错了？下午的英语真题做的怎么样？今天看了什么热点?”回想白天发生的一幕幕，宛如放电影般精彩。对于回忆不起来的内容第二天早上一定要重点背诵！除强化记忆外，这一阶段我们还需要进行答题训练。真题的第二大作用即模拟训练。不论你考哪个专业，学硕专硕的真题都要看。10-11月，每天会默写几个名词解释和简答，每两三天写一道论述。事实证明，想的不错和写得好时两码事。你以为你整理了几个专题，就可以自如地应对真题，太天真了。刚开始练习，我总觉得自己没话说，一道论述翻来覆去就那几句话。不练习真不知道自己这么差。后期我有意识地按考试要求进行模拟，虽然次数不多，好歹适应了考试的节奏。（四）关于实务复习在2019年以前，实务作为复试考察的重点。我考研那年，南师没有指定的实务参考书目，但2017年的专硕真题考过消息和评论，担心2018年考研也会考实务。在后期复习（10月下旬）中，进行了针对性的评论训练。爱传播等考研公众号整理的每周热点为素材，每周至少写一篇评论。写完之后，对照新京报评论、凤凰网评论、澎湃（马上评）等权威媒体的相关评论进行修改，并且摘抄好的论点，进行积累和背诵。我是一个人备考的，没有研友，有时写完评论，不知道自己写的怎么样，会去求助大学老师。关于实务理论，南师给出了两本采访教材和两本评论教材。我粗略地看过这四本书，发现教材之间的重合度很高，大家只需要整理一本采访学笔记和一本评论笔记，背诵的时候以能否用自己的话说来为标准，不必逐字逐字背诵。七、写在最后的话1、请认真对待你的决定。每年考研的人很多，考研的原因也很多。有的纯粹热衷学术，有的则把考研当作找好工作的跳板......如果想好了，决定了，那么请认真对待你的决定，并付出百分百的努力。千万不要三天打鱼，两天晒网，不要让自己后悔。2、做最充足的准备和最坏的打算。考研是选拔性的考试，必定会有一部分人落榜。当你决定考研时，就应该做出最坏的打算，如果考不上，我要去干嘛。给自己留有后路，不会那么惧怕失败。毕竟，生活不是只有考研一件事。考不上，绝不是无路可走。3、少点自我感动，多点脚踏实地。把考研当作这一阶段内的主要任务，踏踏实实做就是了。将学习计划细分为月计划、周计划、日计划。作者：刑十九编辑：木子主编：羽生我是爱酱，专注新传考研辅导六年，想得到更多新传前沿热点及干货分享，可以关注我，或请关注公众号：爱传播。

考研成绩即将公布，考生提前做好这5点，考研复试通过率高达90%！还有几天考研成绩就要下达了，2月15日起各个高校开始公布考研成绩，届时考生可以查询自己的初试成绩。不过在这个节骨眼上，除了做好查分的准备之外，还要准备考研复试。那么，考生如何准备，才能提高自己考研复试通过率，最终考上研究生呢？这5招可提高考研复试通过率这5招可提高考研复试通过率，第2点很关键，读研与否就看它了！研究生复试比初试更为重要，每年都有很多高分进入复试的人被刷，究其原因就是在复试中表现的差强人意。而每个学校差异性明显，考研复试也得针对性准备。所以小水在这里总结了考研复试最需要做的事情，考生提前做好这5点，考研复试通过率高达90%！01、掌握历年复试真题近几年很多高校的研究生考试已经不再提供参考书目了，不仅是初试，复试更是如此，最多只会给考生一个大致的考试范围。如果考生按照这个考试范围准备研究生的复试，势必事倍功半，完全不清楚主次。这5招可提高考研复试通过率在这里，小水提醒考生，最好弄到目标院校历年的复试真题。至于复试中没笔试的，也尽量弄到面试的专业课问题，针对性的准备复试。真题最好刷一遍，问题也准备好正规答案。只有做到这样，才能在研究生复试中立于不败之地！02、寻求研究生学长、学姐的帮助对于考研初试考的比较差的同学来说，如果有认识的研究生学长或学姐，那么，他们对你的帮助将决定你能否被录取。要是刚读研一的直系学长或学姐，那么这一点也是你能够在考研复试中逆袭的关键点！这5招可提高考研复试通过率小水格外提醒考生，不要小看研究生学长或学姐的作用。读研的学长或学姐，由于刚考上研究生，初试和复试的经历历历在目。特别是在考研复试上，他们能够给你很大的指引。无论是考研复试时候的真题，还是面试时会遇到什么问题，乃至于导师的喜好，他们都一清二楚。如果他们指导到位，你考上研究生也就无需担心了！03、细心准备考研复试每个学校考研复试考的内容都不同，有的会有笔试有的没有。以福建师范大学为例，复试的时候英语部分有听力考试和面试，但是其他学校没有听力考试这一项。在专业课方面，没有笔试，只有专业课综合面试，这是它与其他学校不同的一点。这5招可提高考研复试通过率所以在准备考研复试的时候一定要针对性的细心准备，时刻注意目标院校官网的官方信息，不能懈怠。04、拓展专业知识的深度和宽度能否读研，就看你的专业课水平的高低！导师不管你是本专业考研还是跨考生，只要你的专业课扎实，会优先考虑你的。所以考生在准备复试的同时，多阅读专业课相关书籍，拓展自己的知识面的广度和深度，这样在考研复试中面对导师的疑难问题也能对答如流。这5招可提高考研复试通过率05、了解专业课导师研究方向及学术成果研究生导师的信息都可在目标院校官网上查到，他们的学术成果及论文也能在知网上查到。小水建议有能力的考生，可以选择导师的一篇代表性的论文粗略翻看一遍，这样你对导师就多了很多了解，在复试的时候也可逐一应对。在回答导师问题的时候，可以顺带提一下导师的论文和研究方向，给导师留下良好的印象，这样导师也会高看你一眼，优先录取你。这5招可提高考研复试通过率如果考生做到了以上5点，那么读研的概率很高，考研复试通过率高达90%！基本上，导师肯定会选择复试中比较优秀的人，所以初试有优势的同学也不要大意，复试也要好好发挥。你觉得考研复试中，导师最看重学生哪方面？如果你正在准备研究生复试，你觉得考研复试中最忌讳的又是什么呢？

(44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science ; rather ,the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of socialscientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highlyspecialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishingelsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010,about 1,600 of the100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of theseKeywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior. All require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development .[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher ecation, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the indivials who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49) most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see basophilic- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.46. yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.47. A sacred place of peace, however, crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter which is a distinctly animal need.48. The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless garden introce from in to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such49 . Most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic50. It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college, inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming “instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing .In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly.2) interpret its intended meaning ,and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)Section I Use of English1．【答案】A grants【解析】第一句提到“总体而言，当人们自己做决定时，并不擅长考虑背景信息。”第二句顺接上文，“乍一看这是一种优势”，that引起定语从句，这种优势使人们具有一种能力，即能够做出不受外界因素影响的不带偏见的决定。B选项submit “服从，提交”，不能与ability连用，C选项transmit “传输，发射”，也不能与ability 搭配，D选项deliver “传递”，同样不能与ability搭配。A, C, D无论从搭配上还是意思上都不合适。A选项grant本身具有赋予，授予的意思。故答案选A。2．【答案】D external【解析】external外部因素和上文的background information同义复现，不考虑背景信息，不受外界因素影响。A选项minor 次要的，B选项objective 客观的，C选项crucial 残酷的，D选项external 外部的，故答案选D。3．【答案】C picture【解析】第三题本句but引起句意转折。“但是XX推测不考虑大局会导致决策者被日常接触的信息影响而带有偏见。”首先注意到空前面有定冠词the，指代上文信息，即不考虑背景信息、不考虑大环境。而大局，大环境的表达，此处选择picture是最贴切的。A选项 issue 问题，B选项vision 想象力，美景都不合适，故答案选C。4．【答案】A For example【解析】通读后面的句子，提到了法官与被告，这明显是生活当中的一个具体的实例，故答案选A。而B选项 on average “平均，通常”，出现的话，周围往往应该要出现数字。C选项in principle“大体上，原则上”，后面需要出现的是总结性的话语，D选项above all“首先”是用来列举条目，将BCD排除。5．【答案】B fearful【解析】从句意上来看“例如，他们提出理论，认为法官不敢在罪行面前表现得太软弱，如果当天已经宣判五六名被告执行缓刑，那么他很有可能将下一个人送入监狱。A选项fond of 喜欢，B选项 fear of 惧怕，C选项capable of 有能力，D选项thoughtless of 考虑不周，故答案选B。6．【答案】B on【解析】根据句内的逻辑关系，在对待犯罪行为方面害怕表现出太软弱，在。。。方面，关于。。。的表达应该用介词on，故答案为B。7．【答案】A if【解析】A if 表条件。B选项 until 表时间，往往跟not连用，直接排除。C选项though表让步，D选项unless 相当于 if...not 。通读空格所在的前后句子，得出这两句之间的逻辑关系是表示条件的。8．【答案】D test【解析】首先注意到idea前面有定冠词this，很明显指代上文提出的观点。而且跟上文以法官为例一样，下文“他们把注意力转向大学录取过程”也是上文观点的例证，目的是对上文的观点进行检验，而不是A选项“促进”，B选项“强调”或C选项“分享”，故答案选D。9．【答案】D success【解析】A选项decision“决定”，B 选项quality“质量，品质”，C选项status“地位”，D选项success“成功”。申请者的____不应该取决于同一天随机选到的其他几名申请者。接着下文讲到面试官面试MBA申请者的结果results，因此第9题应该也有结果的意思，与下文结合是达到正面的结果，因此答案是即“申请者的成功”。其它选项带入原文重叠答案，与原义不符合10．【答案】A chosen【解析】空格后面有一个副词为randomly，随机地，既然是随机，那么选项B选项studied“研究过的”，C选项found “找到的” D选项identified“经鉴定的”就与randomly是相矛盾的，全部排除。11．【答案】D otherwise【解析】本题解题关键在于but，通过suspect可以看出Dr. Simonton与前文意思相反，因此otherwise正好符合题意。12．【答案】C concted【解析】此外明显缺一个过去分词作interviews的定语，再看by后面的officers，只有concted（执行），符合语境，故为正确答案。13．【答案】B rated【解析】本题末尾one to five（从一到五），前面又有一个on a scale（…的范围）, A分配，D排列语义上说不通，再综合后面的factor（因素），对比一下，只有B（划分等级），整合起来，即划分成一到五个等级，合情合理C match看似与to搭配，但也不符合文意，故正确答案为B.14．【答案】D took【解析】本题需联系整句话，take…into consideration（考虑，涉及），从形式上来说没有问题，再从意义上来看，说“这个等级考虑了几种因素…”，是对上文评级的进一步解释，也没有问题。15．【答案】B then【解析】还是承接上文讲到的评级得分，后半句讲到的是（平时学校等级）考试得分，再结合中间conjunction一词（联接），可以推断为then（具有承接之意），因此为正确答案，而A和D为同一意义和用法（代替），与conjunction相冲突，C说不通，故也为错误选项。16．【答案】C marked【解析】本题出在一个非限定性定语从句上，先行词为a standardized exam, 后半句是800分，考试和分数之间首选marked，选项B通过具有一定的干扰性，但注意主语是考试，所以正确选项为C。A为无关选项。17．【答案】A before【解析】本句属于比较级，对比的是几个面试者的分数，C、D是空间上的上下，而这里缺的时间上的先后，故排除C和D，B是“之后”，不符合语言先后逻辑，故正确答案为A.18．【答案】C drop【解析】解本题需往下看，to…the effects of such a decrease, 由此可以判断接下来那个应聘者的分数是出现了下降，故正确选项C.19．【答案】B undo【解析】该句为不定式作主语，“（面试考官可能给）更低的分数”所带来的影响，可以推断，是消除或是抵消这种不利结果，应聘者需要在GMAT中多拿30分，A “达到”，C “保持”D“漠视”明显不符，故B为正确答案。20．【答案】C necessary【解析】该题难度较大，需把句意弄懂，也就是“这30分是比…所多的”建议把四个选项分别代入空格处，A有前途的，B可能的，C必须的，D有帮助的，对比之后，只有C最合逻辑 Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 121．【答案】（insensitivity to fashion）【解析】事实细节题。根据题干，首先定位到首段。由文章第一句后半句“…scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her.”意思是：“……批评她没有魅力的助理，因为助理认为高级时尚对她的生活影响不大”。可知criticize是对scolds的同义替换，B项中的“insensitivity to fashion”是“imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her.”的同义替换。所以B项为正确答案。A项在文中并未提及，属于无中生有。C项和D项是对文章第一句的曲解。22．【答案】（shop for their garments more frequently）【解析】事实细节题。根据题干，首先定位到第二段。由倒数第二句“these labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable, ……, and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.”意思是“这些商标（畅销商标）促使有时尚意识的消费者将服装看成是用完就可以丢弃的，……，并且每周更新他们的衣橱。”D选项“shop for their garments more frequently”的意思是“更加频繁地购买服装”，正好是“renew their wardrobe every few weeks”的同义替换。A，B，C项均属于无中生有项。23．【答案】（accusation）【解析】词义题。题干中需要猜测词义的单词出现在第二段的第一句“……the feverish world described inOverdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of ‘fast fashion’”。再结合选项可知，“indictment”是Elizabeth Cline对“快时尚”的一种态度。因此，解答此题的关键在于联系上下文语境，找到Elizabeth Cline对“快时尚”的态度。由第二段最后一句“By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an instry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.”，意思是“Cline说，通过以特别低的价格销售潮流物品，这些品牌破坏了潮流周期，动摇了这个长久以来习惯于季节周期的产业”。由“hijack”和“shaking”可知，Cline对“快时尚”应该是持否定态度的，所以选项A“accusation （谴责）”是正确选项。24．【答案】（pricing is vital to environmental-friendly purchasing）【解析】推理判断题。根据题干，可定位到最后一段。解题关键在于“Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to”，意思是“每个人都很虚荣，这很常见。但消费者付不起太多东西的时候，他们才会以更加可持续的方式去购物。”这句的关键词是“afford”和“shop more sustainably”，对应于D项中的“pricing”和“environmental-friendly purchasing”。A项对于本段的曲解。B项说的是“忽视环境的可持续发展”，与文中“several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment…”（一些时尚服饰公司已经做出努力减少对劳动力和环境）意思相悖。C项文中未提及。25．【答案】（criticism of the fast-fashion instry）【解析】主旨大意题。此题考查对全文主旨大意的准确归纳。从整个文章脉络来看，文章的第一段用事例引入，第二段讲到文章的主题“快时尚”，并指出它破坏了时尚周期，动摇了时尚产业。第三四段指出“快时尚”这种变革的弊端，比如：给自然资源造成压力、使用大量有害的化学物质、浪费现象。最后两段提到针对“快时尚”的不良影响，可以采取的解决办法。由此可知，C项统领全文，为正确答案。A, B,D项都不是文章所论述的中心主题。Text 226．【答案】（lower their operational costs）【解析】事实细节题。根据题干，首先定位到首段。这段的大意是广告经费的一半都浪费掉了，但是通过“behavioral ads”可以追踪购买者的搜索习惯和评价，使得广告更有针对性，从而降低预算成本，也就是“this fraction can be much reced”。 A、B和C选项文中并未提及，属于无中生有。27．【答案】（internet browser developers）【解析】词义句意题。the instry在语篇中是指代前面的出现内容，而前面出现的Microsoft Internet Explorer，Apple’s Safair 和Google’s Chrome都是D选项中中的“Internet browser developers”。 B和C选项文中并未提及，属于无中生有。A选项并非本段中谈论的核心。28．【答案】（will not benefit consumers）【解析】推理判断题。解题关键在于“… consumers will be worse off if the instry cannot collect information about their preferences”，也就是说，当浏览器开发者不能收集消费者网上购物倾向时，消费并不能从中受益。B、C和D选项文中并未提及，属于无中生有。29．【答案】（DNT may not serve its intended purpose）【解析】推理判断题。根据题干，可以定位到第六段。解题关键在于理解本段的行文逻辑，即“unable to tell whether…or whether, some may ignore…”。也就是说“由于不能辨别有些主体是真正反对行为广告，也不能辨别它们支持微软的做法，有些人甚至忽视DNT，继续先前的做法。”可此可见，B项符合题意。A、C和D选项内容在本段中均没有提及。30．【答案】（skepticism）【解析】观点态度题。根据题干，可以定位到文章最后一段倒数第二句，Brendon Lynch的博客中评论道：“我们认为消费者应该有更大的自主权（或掌控权）”。解题关键在于最后一句“Could it be really that simple?”，从中可明显看出作者的怀疑态度。A项是“理解”，B项是“赞成”，D选项是“纵容”的意思。Text 331.【答案】 our faith in science and technology 【解析】事实细节题。根据出题的顺序性原则,可回文定位到文章第一段。该段落共计两句话。第一句总体交代了过去人们对未来的畅想总体是积极，正面的（were largely positive）。本题的正确答案就隐含在第二句话中。第二个句子实际上紧接着第一句话，交代了积极畅想的原因在于“科学和技术能治愈人类的一切疾病”，由此可确定本题的正确答案为B。选项A、D都错在因果倒置，“ lives of fulfillment”以及“opportunity for all”都是科学、技术带来的结果，并非原因。选项C属于无中生有，本段并没有提及任何与“ potential risks”相关内容，故排除。32. 【答案】a sustained species 【解析】题干问的是“濒危物种名单（Red List）”意味着人类怎么样了？我们根据“IUCN”和“Red List”很容易定位到第三段。首段说的是几十年前至今人们对未来所持的态度，第二段出现转折，表明目前人们对于未来的危机意识加重。第三段再次转折，表示第二段中人们所持态度是错误的，即“人类未来不会有太大的生存危机”，并且在此段首句表明观点后，用各种信息去论证和支持这一观点。“Red List”很显然也是用来说明这个观点的，并且指出人类这个物种是widely distributed，adaptable，currently increasing，说的都是人类进化积极的一面。A选项说：濒危物种名单意味着人类是可以持久生存的物种，显然是正确选项。33. 【答案】Our Immediate future is hard to conceive. 【解析】段落推断题。由本题的题干可以锁定本题的答案在文章的第五段。该段首句为段落中心句，“与思考眼前的未来相比，对如此之长的时间跨度进行思考似乎更为容易”，反过来思考也就是说，眼前的未来更难思考，符合D选项含义“我们眼前的未来很难去设想”。A选项“Arc 帮助缩小了未来学研究的范围”，该选项在文中出现在该段的最后一句话“这就是为什么我们可以发行Arc这样一个致力于研究近期未来的全新出版物”，和题目含义有很大出入，故排除。B选项“技术为社会问题提供了解决方法”，段中并未提到。C选项“对科幻小说的兴趣与日俱增”，该段中虽在第二句提到科幻小说家，但并未提及对科幻小说的兴趣，故排除。正确答案为D项“Our immediate future is hard to conceive”。34．【答案】 draw on our experience from the past【解析】段落细节题。由本题的题干可以锁定本题的答案在倒数第二自然段第二句，“As so often , the past holds the key to the future . ”此题就是考查对这句话的理解，“未来是掌握过去的关键。”由此确定正确答案为B。选项A 、C、D 与题干无关，在原文中无直接体现，也不能归纳得出，故排除。35.【答案】The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind【解析】全文的主旨题。考查考生对全文主题的把握。通观全文，我们可发现作者对未来是十分看好的，尤其在文章最后一段最后一句“But we are now knowledgeable enough to rece many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come. ”作者直接借助这句话重申主题。由此，本题正确答案应既包含“未来”，也应能体现出作者对未来的态度。确定选项C为正确答案。选项A错在无中生有，全文当中对于未来，并无体现出对于其的不确定；本文讲的是人类对于未来的看法，而不是讲人类的进化史，因此B错误；D选项过于笼统，并未体现出作者的乐观态度，因此不对。Text 436．【答案】 overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.【解析】事实细节题。principles that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial are noncontroversial.说明联邦法律高于州的法律是无可争辩的。答案选项they“overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.”---他们（亚利桑那州的法案）逾越了联邦法案。就是对文中这句话的反义改写。Overstep 为同义替换原文中的intrude, authority 同义替换了privileged powers.属于同义置换。37．【答案】States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.州政府在移民法案实施中的合法地位。【解析】第四段主要说明了，州警察依然可以核实移民的法律地位。国会设想joint federal-state immigration enforcement联合实施移民法案。同时，encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.国会鼓励州警察与联邦同事分享信息以及相互合作。其他选项的withhold，independence，intervention文中也没有提到。属于过度推断。38．【答案】（Stood in favor of the states）【解析】第五段最后一句：唯一的最主要的反对来自法官Antonino Scalia, 这个法官“defense”是支持州的权利的，“going back to”可追溯到Alien and Sedition Acts，证明这个法案是支持州的权利的。39．【答案】（outweighs that held by the states.）联邦政府的权利大过州的实施权利【解析】第六段The White House 认为亚利桑那州的法律跟白宫的法律实施权利冲突。In effect后面表达的是重点：如果这些州的法律跟它有冲突的话，白宫声明它有权利宣布其它州的法律无效。40．【答案】（The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.）(政府在移民问题上占据着主导地位)【解析】本段第一句话，联邦政府确实有一些exclusively（专门地）权利，比如控制居民以及边界。这就暗示了移民问题上，政府当局是具有主导权利的。Part B41．【答案】G (These issues all have root causes in human behavior...)【解析】此题可以通过上下文的衔接和代词指代来确定答案。空格前一句谈到“这种巨大的能源不是当今全球问题的主要影响因素，这些问题包括气候变化、安全、可持续发展和健康问题”，空后谈到“人类有必要的农业技术工具来消除饥饿”，空格处应该填入的选项可以连接前后句的内容，既包括谈及到全球问题，又谈及到解决问题的选项只有G项。该项首句提到的these issues即指代空前所提及的全球问题，以及该项第二句的climate change举例说明即是空前所列出的问题之一，并且该项提及解决气候变化的问题，很好的启示了下文。42．【答案】C (Despite these factors...)【解析】本题可以通过连贯性原则和代词指代来确定答案。上段末句提到“问题也带有社会因素：对食物的组织和分配，财产和财富”，空格后谈到“这是一种耻辱，社会应该抓住机会提升它在真实世界中的影响”，并且应用了社会科学家的话语来表明应该采取行动，即：上段末句提到的问题，空前谈到存在问题，那么接下来应该解决问题，但是空后谈到这是一种耻辱，然后纠正应该解决问题，所以空格处应该承上启下，表达没有解决问题这个含义，因此C项“尽管存在这些因素，很多社会科学家不愿意解决此问题”即为正确选项，该项中these factors指代上段末句提到的社会因素，而“很多科学家不愿意解决此问题”就是下文提及的this。43．【答案】B (However, the numbers are still small...)【解析】本题可以通过原词复现和逻辑关系来确定答案。空前一句讲到“ the number of papers including.....have increased rapidly ...”，紧接着在选项B中也出现了“the number”，属于原词复现。从逻辑关系的角度来看，选项B有一个明显的转折词“however”，这说明其表达的含义与空前信息相反，该选项提到“the numbers are still small”（数量非常小），空前信息是“the number ... increased rapidly”（数量增长非常迅速），两者在语意上构成了明显的转折关系。所以正确答案为B。44．【答案】D (During the late 1990s...)【解析】本题设在段落中间，可以通过段落一致性代词指代来确定答案。该段第一句提到：“The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding”,其表达的含义是：事情的问题不是可用资金的数目。那接下来要讲的内容一定和资金有关系。空后出现了代词“this is an adequate amount”其含义是：这个资金数目是足够的。那么this指代的内容一定和adequate amount相关，而选项D的题干是“national spending varied from 4% to 25%”，其表述的内容正是资金的总量。因此选项D为正确答案。45．【答案】E (The idea is to force social to integrate...)【解析】本题设空在段落中间，应瞻前顾后地依据连贯性原则确定答案。空前的信息是指欧盟提议取消了之前设定的专门投资支持社会科学家的专栏项目，其目的不是为了忽略社会科学家，而是完全相反，即文章中的“complete opposite”，根据语意衔接，接下来会说明欧盟这一做法的真正目的，并且这一目的对于社会科学家一定是积极的。选项E中的the idea指代空前出现的“it was proposed that...”，即欧盟的提案。除此之外，空后提到了collaborative endeavors，与选项E中的短语integrate with构成了同义替换。空后信息中的global problems与选项E中的health and demographic change, food security, ... and secure societies构成上下义的关系，这也是解题的一道线索，因此，正确答案为选项E。Section III Translation46. yet, when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.【参考译文】然而，看着无家可归者绘制出的花园图片时，人们会突然想到，尽管这些花园风格多样，它们都显示了人类除了装饰和创造性表达之外的其他各种基本诉求47. A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.【参考译文】无论地方多么简陋不堪，寻求一片静谧圣土是人类特有的需求，而动物需要的仅是仅是避难栖息之地。48. The gardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introce form into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such.【参考译文】无家可归者的乐园,实际上是一个毫无家庭气息的地方,给城市环境带来了一种新的形式。。无家可归者描绘的花园实质上是无所依附的,这些花园把一种形式引入城市环境中，而这样的城市环境中，形式要么根本不存在, 要么就完全不是以这种明显的方式存在。49. Most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic.【参考译文】我们大多数人会深陷于精神萎靡的状态，并常常将此归咎为一些心理原因，直到某天我们发现自己置身花园中，感到如魔法般烦闷尽消50. It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.【参考译文】正是对自然的这种或隐晦含蓄或清晰直白的提及，充分证实了用“花园”一词来描述这些虚拟建筑是合乎情理的，即使是从毫无拘泥的意义来讲的。Section IV Writing51．【参考范文】Dear Mr. Wilson,I am writing on behalf of the Student’ Union to invite you to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest. It will be held in ROOM304, the North Building next Friday.This contest aims at improving our abilities in practical English. We know that you are admired by all the students. We would be grateful if you could be the judge for this contest. The participants are mainly the seniors and the theme is concerning the importance of environmental protection.It’s our greatest pleasure that you can present yourself in this great event. We are looking forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.Yours sincerely,Li Ming52．【参考范文】Emerging from the cartoon is an eye-catching scene that college graates are at a turning point on the way to choose their future destination. When stepping out of the campus, a variety of choices, such as finding a job, going further ecation or abroad, and doing pioneering work, lie in front of these young people.The implication echoed by this drawing remind us the great importance of a philosophic topic in our daily life：a successful life is directly related to the choice made by oneself. Nevertheless, we cherish a belief that we cannot tell whether the selection is good or not, and as long as we adhere to our decision success will be realized step by step. Making choice is essential to help determine the direction of our way, and persistence functions as an indispensable driving force to keep up our spirit and to assist us to fulfill our study and work. Only those who are hard-working and brave enough to encounter obstacles of all sorts are most likely to reach the summit of success.Positive mental guidance should be popularized among the young people to help them make wise decision in their life. Besides, the youngster should be ecated to realize the reality. Only in this way, can they make the right choice and shoulder the real success.