2015年考研英语阅读真题

考研英语非常重要的一部分就是阅读，大家在掌握英语阅读技巧的情况下， 还要从历年来的考点来看看其规律性，下面带着大家盘点下近六年的考题。2018年考研阅读如下内容：第一篇：人工智能　　第二篇：媒体技能　　第三篇：数据利用　　第四篇：美国邮政2017考研阅读如下内容：第一篇：安检措施　　第二篇：选址之争　　第三篇：GDP缺陷　　第四篇：美国法律2016年阅读：第一篇：时尚立法　　第二篇：英国乡村　　第三篇：社会责任　　第四篇：媒体变革2015年阅读：第一篇：欧洲王室　　第二篇：美国法律　　第三篇：科学期刊　　第四篇：媒体道德2014年阅读：第一篇：英国福利　　第二篇：美国律师　　第三篇：科学奖励　　第四篇：自由教育2013年阅读：第一篇：快时尚业　　第二篇：数据保护　　第三篇：人类未来　　第四篇：美国法律从近六年出的内容来看， 话题考查重复率很高，相似度也很高。建议各位小伙伴把这几年的真题反复研读，大部分考点可能会重复的。

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

说到考研英语，大家都知道在试卷中经常会出现一些长难句，而对这些长难句的处理一直困扰着众多考生。所以，为了帮大家减轻长难句的困扰，特此通过一些真题例句来帮助大家去着手处理长难句。在去破解长难句之前，我们首先应该明白破解长难句的步骤。首先，想要破解，自然要化长为短，化繁为简，找标志去断句，所以第一步自然是：寻标志，断长句；然后再着手去处理句子主干，理清出现的修饰部分，所以第二步应该是：抓主干，识修饰（如果出现从句自然要抓主句，识从句）；明确主干和修饰后便是要真正去确定句子的意思，所以第三步便要：调语序，定句意；在每个部分处理结束后，还要把断的句子根据汉语的逻辑组合在一起，因此第四步就是：依逻辑，组整句。那在明确破解长难句的步骤后，接下来便是针对于2015年考研英语二中阅读部分出现的一些长难句来进行详细分析和处理，希望会给大家带来一些帮助。就拿第四篇阅读为例，本篇文章主要选自2014年7月7日在the Huffington Post《赫芬顿邮报》发表的名为The Good News About Obamacare in the June Jobs Report的文章，主要论述奥巴马医保政策在一定程度上促进了美国就业并具体论述相应原因和现象。在了解文章的背景后，下面就其中的典型例句进行分析：1、An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.第一步：寻标志，断长句。根据句子的长度，考生可以根据自己实际的英语基础，选择该句需不需要断句。如果需要断句的前提下，本句中没有明显的标点，所以要断句便需要看一下句子中存在的连词。这里面大家会发现既有从属连词也有并列连词。但是遵循句子结构完整的原则，我们可以在并列处断句即在and前断开。这样前后两个部分长度是比较适中的，同时也兼顾到了语法结构的完整。第二步：抓主干，识修饰（抓主句，识从句）说到从句大家会找到本句中有that引导的从句，那我们就要去把这个从句画完整，从that开始，结合后面的谓语动词以及标点，判断从句在句末结束。接下来，针对于从句类型而言，在means之后做宾语，所以此从句为宾语从句。从句中 many people will be having a very hard time 为完整的主谓宾结构，后面making ends meet 作定语修饰前面的time结构1：An increase is evidence为该部分主干，in involuntary part-time work介词短语充当定语修饰an increase，后面的of weakness in the labor market长的介词短语为定语修饰evidence。结构2：it means+宾语（从句）第三步：调语序，定句意结构1：两个定语依据“小八原则”拿到修饰的名词前面翻译；翻译为：非自愿的兼职工作的增加成为劳动力市场疲软的证据结构2：根据句子结构大体顺译即可，这里making ends meet理解为：收支平衡；收支相抵。根据语境可理解为维持生计。翻译为：这意味着许多人将很难维持生计。第四步：依逻辑，组整句：最终句意为：非自愿的兼职工作的增加成为劳动力市场疲软的证据，这意味着许多人将很难维持生计。通过以上几个难度相对较小的长难句的分析，希望能给大家破解长难句的启示，做到理解破解长难句的步骤。

2015年考研英语一完形填空，如果单就选项而言，考察的知识点包括：名词性从句（表语从句），动词辨析，介词/短语介词辨析，名词辨析，形容词辨析，副词辨析，形容词比较级等，考察难度不作判定，因为不同人，基础不一样，做题的感受也会有差异。但是，就15年考研英语一完形填空来说，细细推敲，还是能够找到一些答题技巧的。首先，先分享一下我做完形填空的一些方法和技巧：首先，通读原文，了解整篇文章的大体脉络，知道整篇文章在说啥。其次，再读一遍文章的第一段。开始答题，答题过程中坚持联系前后文，注意文章逻辑。接下来，我们就完形填空中从句类的题目答题技巧系统讲解一下。做从句类的题，答题的顺序是：确定从句类型，锁定从句引导词，通过分析句子成分选择引导词。一、确定从句的类别，是属于名词性从句，还是形容词性从句，还是副词性从句。其中名词性从句又分为主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句等；形容词性句又叫定语从句，副词性从句又叫状语从句。名词性从句的引导词有很多，但归纳起来可以分为三大类：从属连词，连接代词和连接副词。从属连词属于连词，只起到连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分； that：只起连接作用，无实义，whether/if既起连接作用，本身还有“是否”的意思。连接代词属于代词，既起连接作用，本身又作从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语，即代词能在句子当中充当什么成分，连接代词就可以在名词性从句中充当什么样的成分； who, whom, which, what, whose, 其中指人用who/whom,指物用what, which，whose放名词前作定语。连接副词属于副词，既起连接作用，本身又作从句的状语，即副词能在句子当中充当什么样的成分，连接副词就在名词性从句中充当什么样的成分。 when, where, how, why, 其中when(表时间),where（表地点), how(表方式), why(表 原因)。2. 形容词性从句（定语从句）的引导词可分为两大类：关系代词和关系副词。关系代词属于代词，也即代词能在句子中充当什么样的成分，关系代词便可在定语从句中充当什么样的成分； who, whom, whose, which, that, as注意：what不引导定语从句。关系副词属于副词，副词能在句子当中充当什么样的成分，关系副词便可在定语从句当中充当什么样的成分。when：先行词为表示时间的名词；where：先行词为表示地点的名词；why:先行词一般为reason。注意：how 不引导定语从句。3. 副词性从句(状语从句）的引导词叫从属连词，从属连词属于连词，连词是一种虚 词，在句子当中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。2015年考研英语真题一完形填空第一题考察的就是从句引导词的选择。我们通过分析，属于考察表语从句引导词的选择，属于名词性从句引导词的考察。我们在确定了从句的类型之后，接下来就是确定引导词。二、锁定从句引导词通过以上分析，我们可以知道名词性从句的引导词有哪些，这里不再赘述。三、通过句子成分分析选择引导词。首先，提取句子主干。That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.That 为主语，is是系动词，is后面的整个部分做的是表语，也即主语补足语。整个句子的主干提取出来就是“That is……”，是一个主系表结构，后边整个表语从句充当句子的表语。第二，我们来分析下表语从句的句子成分。_(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.主语为“a study”，“published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences”是过去分词作后置定语，来修饰a study，“has__(2)_”为表语从句中的谓语动词，因此整个表语从句的主干提取出来就是： _(1)_a study has__(2)_。从上述分析中，结合第二个题的选项concluded, 我们可以得出，表语从句当中缺少宾语，四个选项中只有what可以充当宾语，因此，答案选择what。

想必很多同学都听过考研英语阅读的文章大都是摘自外国的学术期刊或者报纸那，具体是哪些外刊?应该选择哪些中奖概率比较高呢?来，我们先从20年英语一的文章来源开说↓(20考研英语二的题源我在网上还没搜到，哭唧唧)阅读理解首篇选自：《卫报》2018年12月31日文章《The Guardian view on Yvette Cooper’s ‘town of culture’proposai：a fine idea》第二篇选自：《卫报》2019年3月5日文章《The Guardian view on academic publishing：disastrous capitalism》第三篇选自：《波士顿环球报》2019年8月5日文章《Corporate gender quotas reinforce privilege》第四篇选自：《纽约日报》2019年7月15日文章《Beware.Other Nations Will Follow France With Their Own Digital Tax》由上可见，卫报的出场率很高，但仅从20年的数据我们不能就此下定论下面再来看一份2015-2019年真题文章的来源统计英语一英语二在上面这份英语一、二年15-20考研阅读真题阅读文章来源总结中不难看出《卫报》《经济学人》《基督教箴言》出场率极高像《时代周刊》《自然杂志》、《新闻周刊》、《科学美国人》也有不少分布。其他则包括有：《新科学家》、《社评杂志》、《福布斯》、《哈佛经济评价》、《麦肯锡季刊》、《科学探索》、《科学》、《观察家报》、《哈佛杂志》、《美国学校董事会杂志》、《星报在线》、《Big Think》、《华盛顿邮报》近两年《基督教科学箴言报》上镜率有提高，可以多关注下。我们再就以上数据做个总结1、 经济类文章主要来源：The Economist (经济学人)，Business Week (商业周刊)，Wall Street Journal(华尔街杂志);2、 科学技术类文章主要来源：Nature (自然)，Discovery (探索)，Science (科学)，National Geographic (国家地理)，Scientific American (科学美国人)，New Scientists (新科学家);3、 社会生活以及文化类文章主要来源：Newsweek (新闻周刊)，Times (时代周刊)，U.S News and World Report (美国新闻与世界报道)，The Washington Post (华盛顿邮报)，USA Today (今日美国)，The Times (泰晤士报)，The Guardian (卫报);4、 其它来源：Independent (独立日报)， International New York Times(国际纽约时报)， Telegraph (英国电信日报)。

作为2020年的考研党，不知您是否开始准备了？又准备到哪一步了呢？或许你们和李可爱一样刚刚从上周六的教师资格证考试中走出来，在思考下一步的计划。还有40天就要考英语六级了，李可爱的内心又开始了新一轮的浮躁，四级考了两次，踏着及格线过关，多年的英语后腿已经给李可爱一种考不好、考不过的心理暗示了。他们都说英语六级很难，单词句子理解不了，考研英语语法要求过高，可谓是一个新的开始。李可爱决定考研英语和六级英语共进步，首先从六级英语的单词、习题开始，为了考研准备时间的充裕和安心，这次六级可以说是必须得过，坚持40天，相信自己。在进行考研英语准备时，李可爱会先去看一些免费的公开课，了解考研英语到底是什么？应该如何准备？考研英语原来是这样？首先是初步阶段：1、词汇，不仅要求我们熟记的5500大纲词汇，而且要求我们能够对一些考点较多的词汇进行把控，比如熟词僻义、高频词汇、一词多义、近义近形词以及各题型的真题中出现较多的词汇。其中，高频词汇是主要部分，是基础。2、长难句的理解，分为长句和难句。第二阶段：1、精读文章，记忆单词、句子，进行中英思维模式对比。2、英文逻辑：主旨看开头，态度看结尾。这一阶段完成时间为明年暑假之前，大概7-8月。第三阶段：学习各大题型解题方法，第一遍要做透， 可以一周做一年的真题。比如，周一：阅读+完形填空;周二：阅读+新题型周三：阅读+翻译周四：阅读+小作文周五：大作文周六：梳理题目周日：写作复习第四阶段1、冲刺，做少量模拟题，2、重做2015-2019真题3、作文押题。写模板。其实当下最重要的还是12.16日的六级考试。李可爱给自己设定了明天开始的目标规划，无论是英语考试，还是接下来的各个阶段。首先是作息的改变：早上六点半起床-晚上十点半睡觉7.30到图书馆占座，背书午休：12：50-13:50没课的时间去图书馆，有课的时间好好听课。身体锻炼：晚上7.30-8.30英语规划：1、每天一遍阅读、一篇听力。2、今天作文、明天翻译，间隔复习。3、每做完一套，整理一次。4、每天早上单词和作文的背诵。5、晚上运动后，复习早上背的。坚持，像复习教师资格证一样努力！送给大家一些心灵鸡汤：只要持之以恒，知识丰富了，终能发现其奥秘。——杨振宁古今之成大事业、大学问者，必经过三种之境界：“昨夜西风凋碧树，独上高楼，望尽天涯路”，此第一境界也；“衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴”，此第二境界也；“众里寻他千百度，蓦然回首，那人却在灯火阑珊处”，此第三境界也。——王国维坚持+技巧=过六级加油，所有正在考研路上的孩子们！加油，所有想学英语的人！天行健，君子以自强不息。地势坤，君子以厚德载物当一个人先从自己的内心开始奋斗，他就是个有价值的人。无论是六级英语，还是考研英语，本质上都是一样的，好好记单词，多练习题，加油，奋斗路上的人

英语真题要从最早的年份做起。我是19考研，当时英语一的真题是从97-18，我就把从97年开始的真题挨个做了一遍。不过新版的真题年份会有变化，我特意找来，下面就结合21版的真题书说说英语真题从哪做，怎么做。我用的真题书是《考研真相》，这本是我考研的时候一直用的，相比较其他书只是分析讲解长难句，这本每个句子都有讲解，我考的时候是文字讲解那种，新版的是句句图解，会更好用。新版真题书分成三部分：基础加强版（2001-2007）：共7套高分突破版（2008-2014）：共7套考前冲刺版（2015-2020）：共6套顺着年份做就可以。复习时间和任务安排3月-6月：做基础加强版，只做4篇常规阅读这段时间还在上课，有些小伙伴可能还要实习，估计也没有太多时间复习考研，所以任务不太重，尽量保证一周做1-2篇，做完之后仔细分析文章。如果时间多，做的快，那就再刷第二遍。7月-8月：做高分突破版，还是只做4篇阅读暑假开始复习时间就比较多啦，可以保证一天一篇，做完且分析。可以把高分突破版做2遍，做不完可以留到开学继续做。9月-10月：依旧做高分突破版，其他题型除作文外也加入复习再把这7套真题阅读刷一遍，完型，新题型，翻译可以每天做一套，也可以按照题型专项训练。11月-12月：做考前冲刺版，准备作文先整理作文模板，心里有大致的写作思路，然后把之前真题的作文部分挨着练一遍。考研冲刺版要严格按照考试时间做，每道题都在规定时间内完成。合理安排做题时间，在保证效率的同时提高正确率。做完对照答案估计自己客观题的分数，基本跟最后考试的分数相差不大。一周做一套就可以，做完认真分析每道题，查缺补漏。说明：1基础版的真题因为时间太远，不管是命题思路还是解题方法跟现在的差别都比较大，所以复习重点要放在学语法，背单词，补基础上。2高分突破版的真题比较有价值，不光要分析文章也要研究题目。3考研冲刺版一定留到最后做模考，如果觉得6套太多，留3套也可以。每年都有很多人一口气把真题刷干净了，最后几天没题可做，也不知道自己复习到什么程度，一脸懵逼的上考场，一脸懵逼的考砸。真题书怎么用？我直接根据自己之前的复习方法和新版的真题书说下使用方法。新版的《考研真相》有3个部分组成：仿真排版的试题，试题解析册，逐句精讲册（改版后新加的）。所以做真题可以从以下3步着手：第一步：做真题1直接用仿真排版的真题，一篇阅读建议18分钟内做完。考试能分到每篇阅读的时间就是这么多，一开始就卡着时间做，这样后面就不用担心做不完。2做的时候尽量用铅笔，或者拿一张白纸，标清题号，把答案写在上面。3做题的时候先题后文，先用1-2分钟浏览题目，注意题目中的定位信息，然后回原文找定位段，一般出题顺序跟行文顺序是一致的。然后开始做题，严格在定位段内找答案，看一道题目读对应的原文，这样可以降低其他段落对题目的干扰。做完题花1-2分钟检查浏览，看有没有答案需要调整。4做题的时候不认识的单词可以标注出来。第二步：分析文章1拿出逐句精讲册，按照上面的图解分析梳理每个句子。我看了下，这个图解很有条理，比如一个句子的主干是什么，一级修饰是什么，二级修饰是什么，这样一拆分再看中文翻译就很清楚，看多了你会发现有些修饰成分对句子大意没啥影响，就是为了增加长度，下次自己分析就可以直接删掉。有时间的话可以自己先拆分图解，翻译，然后对照解析，没时间就直接看书上的。2然后把文章里不会的单词都查出来，这个逐句册里也有标注，而且还区分了重要程度。把标注的掌握了，剩下的即便不认识对理解文章影响也不大，尽量减少记忆量嘛。如果有的单词你确实不认识，少了它句子大意也理解不明白，那还是建议查一下。3在理解文章基础上尝试总结一下每段的主要内容，重点关注这几个问题：①这段讲什么②跟上下段有什么关系③传达出的感情色彩是正面的还是负面的④这个情感倾向是作者本人的还是作者的举例。第三步：分析题目1终于要用试题解析册啦，新版的解析是表格形式的，我超爱这种条理清楚的解题方法。主要是用两种路径找到答案，如果正向从题目找不出来，那就反着从选项入手，一一排除。根据我的经验，排除干扰项的方法比较快，准确率也高，可以直接用这个。2顺着书上的解析分析每个选项为什么对，为什么错。正确选项在原文哪里，是直接的原文重现，还是稍加改写，还是改动比较大，大部分是稍加改写。错误选项是怎么设置的，是无中生有，还是原文各种信息的拼凑，或者是加了反义词，这几个是比较常见的干扰项设置方法。多总结，就会发现，套路就那么几种。不管什么时候做真题都按照这样的流程，时间可能比较久，开始做也不容易，可能光分析文章就要花一下午，这就是为啥真题要刷3遍。最后说一下考试的时间安排和做题顺序，可参考1.大小作文：50分钟，其中大作文30分钟，小作文20分钟，不要养成打草稿的习惯，因为没有时间，字不好看的现在就开始练。2.阅读：1小时，每篇15分钟。3.新题型：10分钟4.翻译：30分钟5.完型：15分钟剩下的15分钟检查答题卡，不确定的答案再斟酌。关于考研英语真题怎么做，什么时候做都分享在这里啦，祝大家考研成功！

在考研英语的题目中，占比最大的就是阅读理解，很多同学在阅读上十分很多，最后拖垮了整个英语成绩。对于复习考研英语，个人认为只要你能把我国的应试教育规律掌握了就可以。因为学习英语和英语考试是截然不同的，而在我们现在备考研究生考试，就是在最短的时间内取得最高的成绩，这就是我们的目的。经过对考研英语历年真题的研究来看，出题都是有一定规律的，只要你在做题时能把这些规律掌握了，最后你的成绩也不会差。平时也听到很多同学说，我把历年考研英语真题都做了好几遍了，并且把大纲词汇也背过了（如：恋练有词、何凯文1575等等都看了）我再看文章时还是看不懂，题目也读不懂，最后做完题一对答案，几乎全错，这到底是啥原因呢？我个人认为，你做了那么多的题，都没有总结过以及分析每个选项的特征，你只是为了做题而做题，希望大家能认真反思一下你自己，是不是这样子的。每道题的四个选项中，对于错误的选项，正确的答案到底有啥特点？出题人到底是如何出题的，经过对历年真题的研究和总结，发现出题人在出题时，我们在考研阅读中14个左右是可以做对的。对于考研的真题中，记叙类的文章是没有出现的，也不会考的，因为很难读懂。接下来，我们就拿真题给大家分析一下：英语一 2014年：第一篇《对英国财政打车奥斯本的失业保障计划的批评》，第二篇《对美国法律服务价格高问题的原因和措施分析》，第三篇《对目前在自然科学界出现的新兴互联网企业设立新奖项这个现象的评价》，第四篇《美国艺术与科学学院所做的增强美国国民人文素质的报告内容进行介绍，并指出其弊大于利》。英语一 2015：年第一篇 《西班牙国王的退位应使英国皇家感到恐慌》，第二篇《最高法院应该为手机隐私制定保护条例》，第三篇《科学杂志决定对论文中的数字准确性进行审查，作者介绍了各方面对这一行为的看法》，第四篇《正如窃听案件所证明的那样，我们的公众生活中的确存在道德目标确实的情况》。我们可以从这些题可以看出：这些文章有一个共同的特征：就是对一个事物加以简单得描述，或者通过描述表达某种或者某些观点、看法和态度。因此这些都可以归结为大类的议论文。而对于考研阅读来说，阅读理解就是考察我们的阅读能力，就是提取文章的有效信息的能力，所以不管阅读的题如何变化，就是看我们能不能在最短的时间内把答案找出来。也许你会发现议论文的有效信息就是通过文章所表达的观点、论点以及作者的情感和态度，这些一般都是考研出题的重点。还有不少同学也许会问，考研中细节性的东西具体是哪些？主要分为以下二点：第一：研究生是选拔性的考试，所以考试对归纳总结能力比较看中，不会考原文中出现的原话，希望大家注意转折处的出题。第二：大部分考研学子不会认真去分析历年真题，再加上受部分老师模拟题的影响。好多老师的出的题答案都是拼凑，所以建议大家英语不要做模拟题，只做真题就可以。最后对正确选项的分析，我们可以得出以下二个特征：一，表述上必须具有相对的抽象性概括性宏观性。二，表述上不能太绝对且较模糊，不能带有过于强烈的感情色彩和倾向。一个过于具体的概括不能成为论点，而一个表述上极端的论点是站不住脚的，很容易受到攻击，这是议论文的常识。阅读理解命题选项话题范围的区分。有三个选项在谈论同一类别或者范围内的话题，而第四个正确选项的话题离这个范围要远一些，这样答案出现争议的可能性就相对减小。比如:2017年英二22.which of the following contributionsto long waits at major airport?[A]New restrictions on carry-on bags新的手提行李限制[B]The declining efficiency of the TSA下降的 TSA 效率[C]An increase in the number oftravelers游客的数量增加[D]Frequent unexpected secret checks频繁的意外秘密检查【解析】[A][B][D]讨论的都是通关过程具体的事物，[C]讨论的是人的流量，话题范围明显不同。2016年 英二22. Indelivering lessons forhigh-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their____[A]experience 经历[B]interest 兴趣[C]career prospects 职业前景[D]academic backgrounds 学术背景【解析】[A][C][D]都是外部、相对客观的评价要素。[B]兴趣则相对主观，话题范围不同。2016年 英二27.Radesky’sfood-testing exercise shows that mothers’use ofdevices ______[A]takes away babies’ appetite 影响婴儿的食欲[B]distracts children’s attention 分散孩子的注意力[C]slows down babies’ verbal development减缓婴儿的言语发展[D]reces mother-child communication 减少母婴交流【解析】[A][B][C]都是立足于孩子自身进行论述，[D]论述的其他主体和孩子的关系，话题范围明显不同。最后简单介绍下阅读技巧：第一：先对文章得进行段落标记，在看阅读理解的题干，弄清5个小题的题干问的是什么，把相关的人名、段落、题干的类型什么一一留意，以便阅读的过程中做标记。第二：勾画关键词句。这里我们在第一次阅读的时候需要对题干里面出现的相关信息做简略的标记以便下一次来找这个信息的时候能够快速反应过来是这个地方。第三：翻译关机词句的意思。如果你的翻译水平比较好，可以全部翻译出来，这样与便于对全文意思的理解和对问题的判断。第四：采用跳跃式的快速阅读方式开始第一次阅读。这第一次阅读需要注意的就是题干的信息和关键词句的信息，阅读的时候伴随着对关键词句的翻译。速度一定要快。第五：开始二次阅读，也就是第二遍的精读过程，这一次你依次看问题的选项，然后立刻找到对应的文段对题目做出最准确的判断。（部分内容整理自网络，侵删）

6月啦，还有21考研的小伙伴不知道考研英语真题怎么做吗？下面就来系统的说说，真题做那几年，每次做题的步骤是什么~真题做几遍，做哪几年？真题阅读一般刷3遍。新版的真题是01-20，一共20年真题。我用的是《考研真相》，新版真题书把这20年真题书分成3个版本。《考研真相》基础加强版（2001-2007）《考研真相》高分突破版（2008-2014）《考研真相》考前冲刺版（2015-2020）PS：考研英语真题书里就这个最详细，把所有句子都做了图解分析。其他书只讲长难句，基础不好用起来就很费劲。一刷真题：基础加强版，高分突破版全做，考前冲刺版做15年和16年，留下3年真题最后模考。二刷真题：如果暑假结束之前一刷真题能完成，那二刷范围跟一刷一样；如果比这个时间晚，可以放弃01-05年真题，只做剩下的。因为早年真题比较简单，解题思路跟后来的差别也比较大，价值一般般~三刷真题：所有。15年以前的重点做总结分析，常错的题，短板的文章类型，都可以拿出来再做一遍。15年开始，卡着时间成套做。具体每次做题方法①先读题干，划出关键信息。不要看选项，选项干扰信息太多，看了反而容易跑偏。②根据关键信息回原文定位，在对应段落前标注题号。③看一道题，回文章读对应段落。具体从哪句得出答案的，可以标注出来，当然考试的时候这一步可以省略。④通读全文和题目，调整答案。尽量把时间控制在20分钟内