2007年考研英语阅读理解翻译

考研英语，翻译是很多考研童鞋们的伤。其主要的原因是，基础没有打牢固，词组和单词量的积累不够或者对意思的理解有偏差。其实翻译是很容易得分的题目，记住下面总结的这些近20年真题中的常考的翻译词组，可以帮我们更加高效地做出翻译题目，有效地把握命题的规律！其实这些词组不仅做翻译很有用，做完型填空的时候也是有用的，完型填空里面就会有很多的固定搭配。自己写作文的时候也可以合理地使用这些词组，让改卷的老师眼前一亮的赶脚。最后，21考研的童鞋要好好加油咯！已经正式步入6月份了！

本文是2013年考研英语试卷阅读理解Part A的Text 2部分。本文主要讲述了网络隐私问题，就“在线行为广告”引发的争议展开论述，随后追溯了争议的相关解决方案。An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half.老话说的好，广告费的一半是浪费了的——问题是，没人知道哪一半浪费掉的。In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reced.在互联网时代，至少在理论上，这一浪费的部分能够减少。By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.通过观察人们搜索什么，点击什么，在网络上说什么，公司能够瞄准那些更容易购买的客户投放“行为”广告。26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:第一段表明，“行为”广告帮助广告商：[A] ease competition among themselves缓和他们之间的竞争[B] lower their operational costs降低运营成本[C] avoid complaints from consumers避免消费者的抱怨[D] provide better online services提供更好的网络服务答案：B。解析：第一句就指出了，广告费花费了有一半被浪费掉了。后面指出互联网时代广告费用大幅减少，因为公司（广告商）能够将“行为”广告投放给最有可能购买的人群。由此可知，“行为广告”能帮助广告商“降低运营成本”这句话最符合题意。In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?在过去几周，一场争论表明这些精准信息对于广告商的价值：广告商应该假定用户乐于被追踪并且收到这些广告吗？或者应该获得用户明确的准许？In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .在2010年12月，美国联邦贸易委员会建议提出一个“禁止追踪”的选项加入到网络浏览器中，以便用户能告诉广告商他们不想被“追踪”。Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is e to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the instry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.微软的IE浏览器和苹果的Safari浏览器提供了“禁止追踪”选项；谷歌的Chrome浏览器在今年准备提供这样的功能。2月，联邦贸易委员会和数字广告联盟同意该行业尽快对“禁止追踪”这一请求作出回应。27. “The instry” (Line 6, Para.3) refers to:“该行业”指的是：[A] online advertisers在线广告商[B] e-commerce conctors电子商务运营[C] digital information analysis数字信息分析者[D] internet browser developers网络浏览器开发商答案：D。解析：FTC和DAA一致认为the instry会对DNT要求迅速做出回应。前面又指出FTC提议在浏览器上添加DNT选项，可见这个提议的动作执行者在浏览器开发商。可见FTC和DAA提议的the instry就是浏览器开发商。On May 31st Microsoft set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version e to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.微软在五月31日率先发起讨论，它表明随windows8一起发布的IE 10，将把“禁止追踪”选项设为默认状态。Advertisers are horrified .广告商慌神了。Human nature being what it is,most people stick with default settings.人性本质上是，大多数人还是坚持默认设置的。Few switch DNT on now,but if tracking is off it will stay off.很少人会打开DNT选项，但是如果“追踪”是关闭的那么它就一直关闭了。Bob Liodice,the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers,says consumers will be worse off if the instry cannot collect information about their preferences.国家广告协会会长Bob Liodice 表示，如果这个行业不能收集消费者们的偏好信息，消费者的情况将会更糟。People will not get fewer ads,he says.“They’ll get less meaningful,less targeted ads.人们看到的广告不会更少，他们会得到更多的“无意义的”、更不精确的目标广告。28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a defaultBob Liodice坚称设置“禁止追踪”为默认选项[A] may cut the number of junk ads可能减少垃圾广告[B] fails to affect the ad instry对这个行业没有影响[C] will not benefit consumers对消费者不利[D] goes against human nature违反人性答案：C。解析：Bob Liodice指出了消费者的情况会更糟糕，收到的广告不会变少，反而会出现更多无意义的广告。所以C正确。It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond.还不清楚广告商怎么回应。Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so.收到“DNT”信号并不能迫使企业去停止追踪，尽管一些企业承诺会这么做。Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.由于不能分辨出用户是拒绝“行为”广告还是他们只是坚持微软的默认选项，一些企业可能忽略“禁止追踪”的信号并且继续追踪。29. which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?根据第六段，下面哪一个是正确的？[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose“禁止追踪”可能不能取得预期目标[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT广告商更希望执行“禁止追踪”选项[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers“禁止追踪”在消费者之中并不流行[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads广告商有责任提供“行为”广告答案：A。解析：公司收到DNT信号并不意味着一定要求停止追踪，而且由于他们不清楚消费者心理，可能也会对DNT默认信号加以忽略。由此，DNT并不能达到限制公司获取用户在线行为信息的目的。所以A合适。Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.并且也不清楚为什么微软一意孤行的发起行动。After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how.毕竟，它也有商业广告业务。据称这些业务也遵守“禁止追踪”选项设定。不过还在具体怎样实施还在研究当中。If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising，it has chosen an indirect method: there is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm.如果它是想让谷歌不高兴，谷歌的业务几乎全靠广告支持。它选择了一个不太直接的方式，没有保证说能将“‘禁止追踪’设为默认状态”成为行业规范。DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other procts favorably with Google's on that count before.“禁止追踪”看起来也不能成为Windows 8的巨大卖点，尽管此前这个公司将旗下一些产品与谷歌的进行了有利对比。Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged:" we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?Brendon Lynch，微软首席隐私官，在博客中写道：我们相信消费者将有更多的控制权。真的那么简单吗？30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:作者对Brendon Lynch在博客中所说的态度是：[A] inlgence纵容[B] understanding理解[C] appreciation欣赏[D] skepticism怀疑答案：D。解析：Brendon Lynch说消费者应该拥有更多控制权，但是作者后面又反问：真的那么简单吗？可见，作者对Brendon Lynch的观点是怀疑的。

It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. 我们可以谴责交通阻塞、汽油价格、以及现代生活的快节奏，但马路礼貌确实越来越糟糕。Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter altogether.所有的人都知道：即便脾气最好的人在车里也会变成怪兽。老虎在油箱里还好说，可老虎若坐在驾驶员的位置上就完全是另一回事了。You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motoristis the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers” campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.你也许能够容忍在马路上横冲直闯的司机、粗鲁且不体谅人的司机，但现今文明驾驶的司机却实属罕见。(可能这需要发起一场“对其他司机友善”的运动，否则，情形会完全失控)。第二段：Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior.马路文明不仅是一种礼貌行为，还是一种良好的意识。司机需要非常冷静的头脑和好脾气才能在碰到不文明行为时克制住自己不进行报复。On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring.另一方面，些许文明行为十分有助于缓解驾车时的紧张情绪。A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions.一个友好的颔首、感谢对方礼貌行为的一个轻轻的挥手有助于形成友好宽容的氛围，But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.而这在当前的交通条件下是非常必要的。但现在，这种对礼貌表示认可的行为非常罕见。现今很多司机即使见到礼貌行为也似乎视若惘然。第三段：However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway;但是，误用礼貌同样危险。典型的事例为：司机为了让过从边路上突然出现的车而采取急刹车，却对后面的交通造成了危险。（而若不出现这种情况），本来只需几秒钟的等待，道路就会畅通无阻；or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to.或者，有人会为一个穿过斑马线的孩子让路，示意其进入行车道，但随后驶来的车辆却无法及时停车。同样，鼓励老太太随时随地横穿马路的行为也是如此。It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.我经常感到奇怪：高速公路上居然没有屡屡出现这些老太太被撞死的交通事故。第四段：A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper.一位行为无可挑剔的老司机曾告诉我：在不引起交通阻塞，从而惹怒其他司机的前提下，司机们学会逐个插入车流有助于缓解交通。Unfortunately, modern motorists can’t even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of boatmanship.但现代的驾驶员甚至不会学如何驾车，更别说掌握公路驾车技能的微妙之处了。Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.多年前专家就曾警告我们：汽车拥有量的突增要求所有马路使用者的互谅互让。现在是我们该把这项警告铭记于心的时候了。14. According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused by.[A] people’s attitude towards the road-hog[B] the rhythm of modern life[C] the behavior of the driver[D] traffic conditions[分析] 本题考核知识点：第一段主旨题。第一段第二句至段末的内容指出：好人一旦驾车也可能成为伤人的妖怪；过分大胆的司机（tiger）会造成很大的麻烦；鉴于文明驾车的司机太少的现状，为了不至于情况完全失控，有必要发起名为“对其他司机好点”的运动。这说明，形成道路问题的主要原因是司机的行为。 另外，本文其余部分全部是围绕“司机如何正确运用礼貌（politeness），以减少道路问题”进行讨论。所以，[C]为正确选项。误选[A]是因为没有正确理解You might tolerate…rule，本句旨在说明：文明驾驶的司机并不常见；而并非说明人们对于鲁莽司机的态度。[B]、 [D]舍本逐末：文章第一段提到现代生活的节奏和交通状况是为了引出道路问题的主要原因──司机的行为。15. The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog... the rule.” (Para. 1) implies that.[A] our society is unjust towards well-mannered motorists[B] rude drivers can be met only occasionally[C] the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hog[D] nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists[分析] 本题考核知识点：根据上下文理解句意。本句大意：你可以容忍古怪、粗鲁、不体谅人的司机，但现今文明驾驶的司机却实属罕见。exception to the rule 意为“例外”。[D] 是the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule的改写，表达相同的意思，所以为正确选项。[B]与事实相反。[A]、[C]文中未提及。16. By “good sense,” the writer means.[A] the driver’s ability to understand and react reasonably[B] the driver’s prompt response to difficult and severe conditions[C] the driver’s tolerance of rude or even savage behavior[D] the driver’s acknowledgement of politeness and regulations[分析] 本题考核知识点：根据上下文理解短语。根据题干关键词good sense锁定第二段第一句。由于该句是段落主题句，所以对它的理解必然基于对本段内容的把握。本段第一句指出：马路文明不仅是good manners，还是good sense。下文开始对good sense进行具体阐述。第二句说明如何对待他人不礼貌的行为：克制住自己不进行报复；第三句到段末说明如何对待他人的礼貌行为：表示理解并做出认可的反应。所以，[A]是这两方面内容的概括。[C]和[D]都只涉及一个方面的内容，不全面，[B]中“困难且严峻的条件”太笼统，“快速反应”在该段也没有提到。17. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion,.[A] road users should make more sacrifice[B] drivers should be ready to yield to each other[C] drivers should have more communication among themselves[D] drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others[分析]：本题考核知识点：细节题。根据题干中出现的关键词Experts，car-ownership explosion锁定全文倒数第二句。对本题进行判断的主要依据来自于对短语give-and-take 的理解。考生根据本合成词的构成很容易猜测出give-and-take 意为：互相让步,互相迁就（make mutual concessions），[B]中的yield to each other即为此意，所以为正确选项。18. In the writer’s opinion,.[A] strict traffic regulations are badly needed[B] drivers should apply road politeness properly[C] rude drivers should be punished[D] drivers should avoid traffic jams[分析] 本题考核知识点：作者观点题。理解作者的观点需要纵观全文。本文第二段说明司机应该礼貌驾驶并对同行的礼貌行为做出合理反应。第三段说明司机误用礼貌(misplaced politeness ) 同样危险。所以，本文是从正反两方面分析了politeness对减少道路问题的作用。properly对于作者的观点最具有概括力，所以[B]为正确选项。本文并没有从利用交通法规减少交通问题方面进行讨论，所以[A]非本文论述内容。本文也没有提及对野蛮司机的惩罚，所以[C]非正确选项。文章只在开头作为马路问题产生原因之一提及traffic jam，而并没有提到司机应该避免交通高峰以减少交通问题，所以[D]非正确选项。

原文+译文：When a Scottish research team startled the world by revealing 3 months ago that it had cloned an alt sheep, President Clinton moved swiftly. 三个月前，当一个苏格兰研究小组宣布他们克隆了一只成年绵羊时，世界为之震惊，克林顿总统迅速做出反应。Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment -- although no one had proposed to do so -- and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.他宣称反对利用这种非同寻常的畜牧业技术去克隆人，并下令禁止联邦资金用于此类实验——尽管还没有人提议要那样做——并要求一个由普林斯顿大学校长哈罗德·夏皮罗为首的独立专家小组，在九十天内拿出有关克隆人的国家政策的建议，向白宫汇报。That group -- the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) -- has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17 May, members agreed on a near-final draft of their recommendations.这个名为“全国生物伦理道德顾问委员会”（NBAC）的小组一直在非常积极地工作，集思广益，并诉诸笔端；在5月17日的一次会议上，委员们就接近定稿的意见书取得了一致意见。NBAC will ask that Clinton’s 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law.NBAC将要求克林顿总统禁止联邦资金用于克隆人的九十天禁令无限期地延长，并且还可能要求将之立法。But NBAC members are planning to word the recommendation narrowly to avoid new restrictions on research that involves the cloning of human DNA or cells -- routine in molecular biology.但是，NBAC成员们正计划在建议的措辞上更为严谨，以避免给克隆人体DNA或细胞等研究带来更多的限制——（这属于）分子生物研究中的常规课题。The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.然而，该小组尚未在一个关键问题上达成一致，即是否建议立法机关将私人资金用于克隆人的行为法定为犯罪。In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be “morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by alt nuclear cloning.”在5月17日会议上讨论的建议序言草案中，夏皮罗表示，专家组已取得广泛的共识，认为“试图利用成人细胞核去克隆婴儿将是违背道德伦理的”。Shapiro explained ring the meeting that the moral doubt stems mainly from fears about the risk to the health of the child. The panel then informally accepted several general conclusions, although some details have not been settled.夏皮罗解释说在与会期间，道德上的怀疑主要源于对婴儿健康的担忧。随后，该小组非正式地接受了几项概括性的结论，尽管有些细节尚无定论。NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei to create a child. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo’s life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.NBAC计划呼吁继续禁止为任何企图利用人体细胞核去制造婴孩的做法提供联邦政府基金资助。因为现行的联邦法律已经禁止联邦基金用于制造研究用的胚胎(人类后代出生前的最早阶段)或有意识地危及胚胎的生命，所以NBAC在胚胎研究这一问题上将保持沉默。NBAC members also indicated that they will appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer. NBAC的成员明确表示，他们将呼吁受私人基金资助的研究人员和诊所不要尝试通过人体细胞核转移来克隆人。But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning. Shapiro and most members favored an appeal for such legislation, but in a phone interview, he said this issue was still “up in the air.”但他们在是否进一步要求联邦立法强令完全禁止克隆人这一问题上存在分歧。夏皮罗和大多数委员赞成将此立法，但在电话采访中，他透露这一议题仍“悬而未决”。试题：51. We can learn from the first paragraph that.[A] federal funds have been used in a project to clone humans[B] the White House responded strongly to the news of cloning[C] NBAC was authorized to control the misuse of cloning technique[D] the White House has got the panel’s recommendations on cloning52. The panel agreed on all of the following except that.[A] the ban on federal funds for human cloning should be made a law[B] the cloning of human DNA is not to be put under more control[C] it is criminal to use private funding for human cloning[D] it would be against ethical values to clone a human being53. NBAC will leave the issue of embryo research undiscussed because_.[A] embryo research is just a current development of cloning[B] the health of the child is not the main concern of embryo research[C] an embryo’s life will not be endangered in embryo research[D] the issue is explicitly stated and settled in the law54. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that.[A] some NBAC members hesitate to ban human cloning completely[B] a law banning human cloning is to be passed in no time[C] privately funded researchers will respond positively to NBAC’s appeal[D] the issue of human cloning will soon be settled答案：B C D A

今天2020考研英语二考试已经结束了，小编正在发布2020考研英语二真题及答案，现在已经整理出2020考研英语二真题及答案：阅读理解第一篇和第二篇、以及翻译部分，并公布出来，希望有助于大家。2020考研英语二真题及答案：完型答案1.tricky2.for example3.fortunately4.descirbe5.while6.task7.tolerant8.push9.inevitable10.harsh11.turn back12.however13.regret14.affect15.bond16.important17.confronted18.hard19.changing20.escape2020考研英语二真题及答案：阅读理解第一篇21.Copper and her colleague argue that a "town of culture" award would ___.A. consolidate the town city ties in BritainB. promote cooperation among Brain's townsC. increase the economic strength of Brain's townsD. focus Brain's limited resources on cultural events.22.According to paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as ______..A.a sensible compromiseB.a self-deceiving attemptC.an eye-catching bonusD.an inaccessible target23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it ______A. endeavor to maintain its imageB. meets the aspiration of its peopleC. brings its local arts to prominenceD. commits to its long-term growth24. “Glasgow” is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present ______A. a contrasting caseB. a supporting exampleC. a background storyD. a related topic25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?A. Skeptical B. Objective C. Favorable D. Critical2020考研英语二真题及答案：阅读第二篇26. which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?A. The growth in the number of cooperationsB. The general pay rise with a better economyC. Increased business opportunities for top firmsD. Close cooperation among leading economics27.Compared with their predecessors, today's CEOs are required to ___.A. foster a stronger sense of teamworkB. finance more reaserach and developmentC.establish closer ties with tech companiesD.operate more globalized companies28. CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite ____.A.continual internal oppositionB. strict corporate governanceC.conservative business strategiesD.repeated governance warnings29.High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps ___.A.confirm the status of CEOsB.motive inside candidatesC.boost the efficiency of CEOsD.increase corporate value30.The most suitable title for this text would be ___.A.CEOs Are Not OverpaidB. CEO Pay : Past and PresentC.CEOs' Challenges of TodayD.CEO Traits: Not Easy to Define2020考研英语二真题及答案：翻译部分

第一部分：英语运用阅读下面的文本。为每个标有数字的空格选择最合适的单词，并在答题卡上标好A，B，C，或者D。即使家人们并不像从前一样坐在一起吃饭，数百万的英国人仍然惯于共度周末，享受这个国度的最伟大的传统之一：星期天烤肉。（ 1 ）一个寒冷的冬日，很少烹饪的乐趣能够（ 2 ）它。然而正如我们现在报道的，食品警察认定这（ 3 ）应该被呈现，另一有罪的快乐（ 4 ）伤害我们的健康。户外烤肉食物标准局已经（ 5 ）一个公开警告，即关于一种（ 6 ）高温烹饪的食物中产生的名为丙烯酰胺的化合物的风险。这意味着人们应该（ 7 ）发脆他们的烤土豆，摒弃薄皮披萨并且只（ 8 ）烘烤他们的面包。但是支撑如此危言耸听建议的证据在哪里呢？（ 9 ）几个研究表示丙烯酰胺会导致老鼠的神经系统损伤，没有（ 10 ）证据表明它会导致人类癌症。科学家们说，这种化合物是（ 11 ）致癌的，但是没有确凿的科学证据。（ 12 ）预防原则，可以说遵循食物标准局的建议是（ 13 ）。（ 14 ），吸烟致癌曾经多年是谣言直到证明那是（ 15 ）的证据被找到。丙烯酰胺无疑，在周日一片煮牛肉总是可以（ 16 ）上，与一些清蒸蔬菜一起，没有约克郡布丁和葡萄酒。但是这样的人生值得过吗？（ 17 ）食物标准局说，这不是让人们把烤食品切出（18 ）而是减少他们的终生摄入。然而它的（ 19 ）风险作为一个讲道词和保姆的杂交出现。持续的健康恐慌只会（ 20 ）没一个人倾听。A、in在……里 B、towards向…… C、on在……上 D、till直到A、match匹配 B、express表达 C、satisfy满足 D、influence影响A、patience耐心 B、enjoyment享受 C、surprise惊喜 D、concern担忧A、intensified变本加厉地 B、privileged享有特权的C、compelled迫使 D、guaranted保证的，肯定的5. A、 issued 发布 B、received收到 C、ignored忽略 D、canceled删除6. A、under在……下 B、at在……方面 C、for为了 D、by用，被7. A、forget忘记 B、regret后悔 C、finish完成 D、avoid避免8. A、partially部分地 B、regularly规律地 C、easily容易地 D、initially最初9. A、Unless除非 B、Since因为 C、If如果 D、While然而10. A、secondary其次 B、external外部的C、conclusive最后的 D、negative消极的11. A、insufficient不够的 B、bound必定的C、likely可能的 D、slow缓慢的12. A、On the basis of 基于 B、At the cost of 以……成本C、 In addition to 另外 D、 In contrast to 与……相反13. A、interesting有趣的 B、advisable明智的C、urgent紧迫的 D、fortunate幸运的14. A、As usual如往常一样 B、In particular尤其C、By definition显然地 D、After all毕竟15. A、resemblance相似 B、combination组合C、connection联系 D、pattern模式16. A、made做 B、served服务 C、saved储存 D、used使用17. A、To be fair公平地说 B、For instance比如说C、To be brief简单来说 D、In general一般来说18. A、reluctantly勉强地 B、entirely完全地C、graally逐渐地 D、carefully小心地19. A、promise承诺 B、experience经验C、campaign运动 D、competition比赛20. A、follow up追踪 B、pick up捡起 C、open up打开 D、end up结束

近20年考研英语真题翻译常考词组，助你成功上岸收藏起来吧素材来源：艺考直通车

本文强调了要为大学生提供更多课程方面的信息，从而使他们在对各门不同学科进行钻研之后，选择符合自己兴趣和能力的学科。It would be interesting to discover how many young people go to university without any clear idea of what they are going to do afterwards.发现有多少上大学的年轻人对将来要做什么没有任何明确的想法，将是一件有趣的事情。(21) If one considers the enormous variety of courses offered, it is not hard to see how difficult it is for a student to select the course most suited to his interests and abilities.（21）如果想一想那些为学生设置的门类繁多的课程，我们就不难发现，对一个学生来说，要选一门符合他的兴趣和能力的课程是多么困难。(22) If a student goes to university to acquire a broader perspective of life, to enlarge his ideas and to learn to think for himself, he will undoubtedly benefit.（22）如果一个学生进大学是为了想获得一个对生活前景更广泛的认识，为了扩大思想境界和学会独立思考，那么毫无疑问，进大学对他是有好处的。(23) Schools often have too restricting an atmosphere, with its time tables and disciplines, to allow him much time for independent assessment of the work he is asked to do.（23）学校由于受课程表和纪律的约束，气氛往往令人感到过于拘束，使学生没有充分时间对规定要他做的事情有独立的见解。(24) Most students would, I believe, profit by a year of such exploration of different academic studies, especially those “all rounders” with no particular interest.（24）我认为大多数学生，尤其是那些没有偏重某一门课程的“全面发展的学生”，经过一年左右的时间对各门不同学科的钻研，将会从中获益。They should have longer time to decide in what subject they want to take their degrees, so that in later life, they do not look back and say, “I should like to have been an archaeologist.他们应该有更长的时间来决定想拿什么学科的学位，以便在以后的岁月里回顾过去时不会说，“我希望自己是一名考古学家。If I hadn’t taken a degree in Modern Languages, I shouldn’t have ended up as an interpreter, but it’s too late now. I couldn’t go back and begin all over again.”如果我没有获得现代语言的学位，就不会成为一名翻译，但现在为时已晚。我不能回头再重新来过了。(25) There is, of course, another side to the question of how to make the best use of one’s time at university.（25）当然，关于一个人如何最充分地利用上大学的时间，还有另外一个方面。(26) This is the case of the student who excels in a particular branch of learning.（26）某一学科中出类拔萃的学生就属于这种情况。(27) He is immediately accepted by the University of his choice, and spends his three or four years becoming a specialist, emerging with a first-class Honour Degree and very little knowledge of what the rest of the world is all about.（27）他一毕业马上就被一所他自己选中的大学所接受，再花三、四年时间成为一名专家。结果他以优异的成绩取得荣誉学位，但对外界的一切却几乎一无所知。(28) It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.（28）因此，如果要学生好好利用他们上大学的机会，就应该为他们提供大量关于课程方面更为详尽的信息和更多的的建议。这个问题显得越来越重要了。Only in this way can we be sure that we are not to have, on the one hand, a band of specialists ignorant of anything outside of their own subject,只有这样，我们才能确保：一方面，我们不会有一帮对自己学科以外的事情完全无知的专家，and on the other hand, an ever increasing number of graates qualified in subjects for which there is little or no demand in the working world.另一方面，我们不会有越来越多的毕业生具备这个工作世界很少或没有需求的学科的知识。

英语一 翻译2019英语一翻译讲述医疗杂志文章质量下降这样一个现象，并分析了原因及危害，以及呼吁我们应该做什么。这和考研英语作文一样的结构——提出问题、分析问题、解决问题。我们来聊聊考察语言点的变化。首先，49题考查对虚拟语气的正确理解和翻译。这是英语一1997年以来首次考查复杂虚拟语气的翻译！这表明，不能因为历年真题没有考查过就认定不会考。考生需要掌握英语所有常见语法知识点，方可应对英译汉。其次，47题考查比较结构，这是历史上第一次考查带有倍数的比较结构，并且第二比较项中的"would have done"这种带推测的动词形式在翻译中几乎没有考查过，而且也不作为阅读理解的考点。所以考生并没有予以重视，预计得分率很低。然后是词汇方面。英译汉每年都考查大量的多义词、派生词和固定用法，今年也不例外。比如46题中的多义词"lay"、复合形容词"short-lived"；49题中的多义词"associates"以及固定用法"in return for"；还有，50题中的派生词"reprocible"和"incentivize"。以上都会给考场中紧张的考生造句困难。杨凡达老师预计今年的英译汉难度系数会在0.35-0.4之间，与去年持平或略简单。46）There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.参考译文：这些医学杂志中包含大量这种无稽之谈，如果广播电台和非专业媒体对此信以为真并加以报道，这将引发人们的健康恐慌以及短期的饮食热潮。难点1："nonsense"。直接翻译成“废话”扣分，因为在这句中不是那层意思。原文前面说每周吃超过多少克的西兰花会导致年纪大了后更容易贫血。其实我们平常在新闻中看到类似的言论有很多。作者的意思是这些都是扯淡，没有严谨的科学依据。所以这里的"nonsense"译为“无稽之谈”要好一些。难点2：短语"take up"的意思是“接受并开始做/从事某事”。意思是这些广播电台听信了这样的说法就会如何如何。难点3："the lay press"中的"lay"是难点，不是我们熟知的“放置、铺设”等的意思。"lay"在这里做形容词，表示“非专业的，外行的”，所以"layman"这个词表示“门外汉”。这里的"the lay press"指的是非专业媒体，大概就是那种野鸡媒体。难点4："short-lived"可根据其本身和上下文来猜测其大概含义。"short"表示短，"lived"表示活着，所以"short-lived"大概意思是“短命的”，在这里引申为“短暂的，为期不长的”。47）nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would otherwise have been required for the same post only 10 years ago.参考译文：现如今，任何一个申请研究岗位的人事先必须发表论文的数量，是10年前申请同一岗位所需论文数量的两倍。难点1：处理这句话中的比较结构。通读句子，我们大概得到的信息是“A是B的两倍”，只是如何把这句话翻的通顺是需要思考的。难点2："would otherwise have been"是后半句的难点，"otherwise"字面意思是“否则”，但如果润色到位可以不用翻译出来。但"would have done"这种特殊的谓语形式，其实很多同学会觉得比较难。这个结构表示“合理推测”，在虚拟语气中经常出现，比如"I would have been a programmer but end up being an English teacher."(我本可以成为一名程序员，结果却当了英语老师)。在这句话中，用"would have been"表示如果是十年前，本可以怎么样怎样。48）Attempts have been made to curb this kind of tendency to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant's published papers.参考译文：人们已经尝试扭转这种趋势，比如除发表数量外，在评估申请人已发表论文时引入与质量挂钩的衡量标准。难点1：被动语态"have been made"如何处理。我在翻译课反复强调被动语态的处理方法，主要手段有将“被”字转译为其它汉子或将被动语态转为主动语态亦或者总体换一个说法。考生在考场上需要做的是用这几种方法去尝试，合理通顺即可。这一句的"Attempts have been made to …"可译为“人们已经尝试…”。难点2："as well as"。很多人以为这是“而且”的意思，可以代替"and"，但这只是它的其中一种用法。我记得我在某课中讲解过"as well as"的另一种用法——表示“除…之外还有…”，在句子中充当定语。在48题中，如果我们将"as well as"理解为第一种情况，"some measure of quality as well as quantity"的意思是“某种质量和数量的衡量标准”。好像没太明白是什么意思，对不对？上下文告诉我们，因为只看论文数量导致大家拼命写论文而导致质量下降，所以我们已经采取了一些搜段来改变这种状况，那不就是应该在数量之外引入新的衡量标准，比如论文质量。所以"as well as"在这里符合第二种情况，表示“除…之外还有…”。考生在考场上需要迅速做出这样的判断，难度比较大，所以杨老师认为这0.5分很多考生拿不到。难点3："an applicant's published papers"。这个语言点考得很细，考查过去分词的语义。过去分词可以表“完成”或“被动”，考生需要根据语境判断。这里所说的“申请者的论文”指什么？第47句告诉我们申请者需要在申请之前发表一定数量的论文。根据这一点，我们可以断定"published"在这里表示完成，那么"an applicant's published papers"指“申请者已经发表的论文”。49）This would be reasonable enough if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favors.参考译文：这种做法本应该是合理的，但事实上，科学家可以轻易在未来发表文章中引用自己写的文章，或者和同行约定引用对方的文章。难点1：如何翻译虚拟语气（非真实条件句）？简单的诸如"If I were you, I would buy the car"（如果我是你，我会买这辆车。）很好处理。但49这一题比较复杂，其核心结构是"This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that …"，大致可以翻译为“如果不是因为这样一个事实，这会是合理的”。不过，因为“事实”对应的内容非常长，而且“如果…这会是…”也不太符合汉语表达习惯，所以杨凡达老师将其润色为“这种做法本应该是合理的，但事实上，…”难点2："associates"为多义词，通常做动词表示“联系”，在这里做名词用表示“同事”。难点3："similar favors"。这个短语的字面意思是“相类似的好处”。如果不结合上下文，很难明白这个短语真正想表达什么。前文说“开始引入论文质量衡量体系”，这本是件好事。但所谓道高一尺魔高一丈，研究者会利用机制漏洞继续发表低质量作文，也就是"the fact that …"之后的内容。比如，他们会在新文章中引用自己发表的文章已增加影响因子，或者和同事约定好互相引用，也就对应到原文"get associates to do so for them in return for similar favors"（让同事写论文时引用自己的文章，好处就是自己也去引用对方的文章）。50）If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reprocible, we must ensure that our institutions incentivize that kind of science.参考译文：如果我们认真地想确保我们的科学研究是有意义的，并且可以被后人反复利用，我们就必须保证我们的制度鼓励大家做这样的研究。难点1：如何翻译"reprocible"？这是一个超纲词，但并不“犯规”。意思是，这个单词由常见词根词缀构成——"re = again + proce = make + ible = be able to"。因此，这个单词的字面含义是“可再生的，可复制的，可繁殖的”，也就是“能够再次生产”。不过我们若将"our science is reprocible"翻译为“我们的科学是可再生/复制/繁殖的”显然不妥。那么，作者到底想表达什么？我们还需要借助上下文。整篇文章说医学界论文质量大幅下降，发表的都是“垃圾”，说明这些论文一文不值，对于社会进步没有任何帮助。而好的论文应该可被利用的，比如利用论文成果开发产品改善生活质量、或者给后续科研提供理论基础等等。所以，我将其翻译为“可被后人反复利用”难点2：超纲词"incentivize"。熟悉的配方，熟悉的味道，这依然是由常见词根词缀构成的单词。"incentive"是考研大纲收入的名词，意思是“鼓励、激励”，而"ize"是常见动词后缀，那么"incentivize"理论上可理解为“鼓励、激励”这个动作，而且这也符合原文语境。总结：英语一英译汉板块依然是整张试卷最难的板块，但在这部分上拿到不错分数也并非不可能。我们需要的是方法和态度。方法指的是了解英译汉命题规律和考点，比如一直重点考查的多义词、派生词和固定用法，以及今年首次考查的虚拟语气等。那么我们在背单词阶段的态度应该有所转变。比如，我们需要积累常见词根、词缀以便结合上下文猜测出超纲词的含义，我们还需要积累常见单词的生僻含义以及单词组合起来构成的固定用法（成语）。而且我们在做这些训练的同时，提升的绝对不只是英译汉能力，同时提高的还有阅读理解能力和写作能力。英语二 翻译It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot. He has such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say “I could write a book. I just haven’t the time.” Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game.”While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.参考译文：英国作家吉米哈利的实力容易被低估。他的作品讨喜且通俗易懂以致大家觉得任何人都可以模仿。“我可以写书，我只是没时间。”这种话我听过无数次。说起来容易，做起来却没那么简单。按照吉米哈利自己的说法，他在“尝试写作这种游戏”的初期并不顺利，这与大众对他的看法刚好相反。虽然大家都知道他才华横溢，但他带个世人的精彩作品都是多年阅读、练习以及不断重写的成果。和绝大数作家一样，他这一路必然有很多次被拒稿的失望经历，但这些使他对成功更加坚定。哈利一生中每一次成功都来之不易，在文学界的成就也不例外。【详细解析】和2018年真题类似，这一年翻译文章是对知名人物的介绍，文字难度低，通俗易懂，难度基本与2018持平。英语二翻译总体难度比英语一低，但每年得分率也不超过60%，这是因为字里行间中有一些细小的单词、短语、结构较难理解或润色，而这些点是阅卷者阅卷时的重点关注对象，也是得分或扣分的关键。从2010-2019这十年翻译真题，我们不断得出一个结论：重视英语基本功。这指的是对英语单词在特定语境中的理解、掌握常见的固定用法、以及了解英语和汉语在表达时的区别等等。英语二翻译价值15分，不容小觑，希望2020考研考生认真对待。1. It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot.这句话中包含的句型"It is easy to do something"通常译为“做某事很简单”，所以这句可直译为“低谷英国作家"James Herriot"很简单”。但这不够通顺，所以我们要对其润色，比如“英国作家"James Herriot"很容易被低估”，这就好比我们会把"It is easy to learn English"译为“英语很容易学”的原理是一样的。另外"James Herriot"这个名字可以不译，也可以根据读音译为詹姆斯哈里亚特（请参考007"James Bond"的译名）。尽管这个作家在国内早已约定翻译为吉米哈利，但译为“詹姆斯哈里亚特”不扣分。2. He has such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it.前半句直译成“他有如此的令人愉悦的、可读的风格”显然不妥。首先，我们在这里讨论他的作品风格，而不是他本人性格，所以"pleasant, readable"描述他的作品而非作者，因此我们可以将pleasant润色为“讨喜”，并将"readable"译为“通俗易懂”。3. How many times have I heard people say “I could write a book. I just haven't the time.”词句包含直接引语，这部分独立不可分割，我们可以先译出来——我可以写书，我只是没有时间。前半句的意思是多次听人们说这样一句话，所以整句话可译为：我听过多少次人们说“我可以写书，我只是没有时间”。也可以先翻译直接引语，再总结式地翻译前半句：“我可以写书，只是没时间。”这种话我听过无数次。4. Easily said. Not so easily done.省略句，源自成句"easily said than done"(说起来比做起来容易)，原句为"It is easily said. It is not so easily done." 因为在这篇文章中，原本的成语一分为二，翻译时也可以如此断句——说起来容易，但做起来没那么简单。5. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game.”这句话包含两个插入成分。首先是"contrary to popular opinion"（与大众观点相反的是），这是一个句子状语，通常放在句首，偶尔像这句话一样，放在主语和谓语之间。在翻译的时候，放在句首符合汉语表达习惯。后面的"as he put it"（就像他所说的）是一个状语从句，但插入在of和后面的直接引语之间，造句理解困难。将这个成分剥离，我们可以看到剩下部分in his early days of “having a go at the writing game”其实是一个时间状语，修饰主干成分。在翻译"as he put it"时，要考虑放在整句话哪个位置。放在原句那个位置显然不妥；其实我们根据汉语的语感，这种表达要么放句首起引领作用，要么放句尾起总结作用，但句首已经有了“与大众观点相反的是”，所以两者都放句首造成冲突。那么我们考虑将"as he put it"放句尾，但这样一来无论怎么润色都不通顺，所以我们考虑将它放句首并将"contrary to popular opinion"从而润色为“这与大众观点相反”。如此一来，整句话就通顺了。6. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading.连词"while"放置于句首，多半情况下表示“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。从句中"natural talent"字面含义为“自然的才能”，也就是“天赋”的意思。另外，"an abundance of"的字面意思是“丰富的，大量的”，但搭配“天赋”不够通顺。冷静下来想一想，所谓的“丰富大量的天赋”不就是“才华横溢”嘛。主干部分都主语说的是他的作品。"Polished"一词原本指“经过打磨的”，但修饰作品时则表示“精彩的”。7. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed.连词"but"之前的句子不太好润色。"Many disappointments and rejections"直译的结果是“多次失望和拒绝”。我们需要结合文章背景来做进一步理解：这位作家并非年少成名，而偏向大器晚成。那么一个这样的作家在早期必然经历很多挫折，比如像J.K.罗琳那样写的很多稿件被出版社拒之门外，从而无比失望了，这不就对应到"many disappointments和rejections"嘛。那么我们可以将这部分润色为“他这一路必然有很多次被拒稿/稿件被拒的失望经历”8. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.前半句考查固定用法"earn … the hard way"，意思是“做到某事来之不易”。同学们可能没见过这种用法，但根据"the hard way"和全文大意也能猜测出大概含义。后半句也包含一个固定句子结构"X be no exception"，意思是“X也不例外”，这个短语在阅读真题中出现过，做过相应文章的同学应该不陌生，可以轻松翻译出来。最后，祝大家圣诞节快乐。