考研英语非常重要的一部分就是阅读,大家在掌握英语阅读技巧的情况下, 还要从历年来的考点来看看其规律性,下面带着大家盘点下近六年的考题。2018年考研阅读如下内容:第一篇:人工智能 第二篇:媒体技能 第三篇:数据利用 第四篇:美国邮政2017考研阅读如下内容:第一篇:安检措施 第二篇:选址之争 第三篇:GDP缺陷 第四篇:美国法律2016年阅读:第一篇:时尚立法 第二篇:英国乡村 第三篇:社会责任 第四篇:媒体变革2015年阅读:第一篇:欧洲王室 第二篇:美国法律 第三篇:科学期刊 第四篇:媒体道德2014年阅读:第一篇:英国福利 第二篇:美国律师 第三篇:科学奖励 第四篇:自由教育2013年阅读:第一篇:快时尚业 第二篇:数据保护 第三篇:人类未来 第四篇:美国法律从近六年出的内容来看, 话题考查重复率很高,相似度也很高。建议各位小伙伴把这几年的真题反复研读,大部分考点可能会重复的。
想必很多同学都听过考研英语阅读的文章大都是摘自外国的学术期刊或者报纸那,具体是哪些外刊?应该选择哪些中奖概率比较高呢?来,我们先从20年英语一的文章来源开说↓(20考研英语二的题源我在网上还没搜到,哭唧唧)阅读理解首篇选自:《卫报》2018年12月31日文章《The Guardian view on Yvette Cooper’s ‘town of culture’proposai:a fine idea》第二篇选自:《卫报》2019年3月5日文章《The Guardian view on academic publishing:disastrous capitalism》第三篇选自:《波士顿环球报》2019年8月5日文章《Corporate gender quotas reinforce privilege》第四篇选自:《纽约日报》2019年7月15日文章《Beware.Other Nations Will Follow France With Their Own Digital Tax》由上可见,卫报的出场率很高,但仅从20年的数据我们不能就此下定论下面再来看一份2015-2019年真题文章的来源统计英语一英语二在上面这份英语一、二年15-20考研阅读真题阅读文章来源总结中不难看出《卫报》《经济学人》《基督教箴言》出场率极高像《时代周刊》《自然杂志》、《新闻周刊》、《科学美国人》也有不少分布。其他则包括有:《新科学家》、《社评杂志》、《福布斯》、《哈佛经济评价》、《麦肯锡季刊》、《科学探索》、《科学》、《观察家报》、《哈佛杂志》、《美国学校董事会杂志》、《星报在线》、《Big Think》、《华盛顿邮报》近两年《基督教科学箴言报》上镜率有提高,可以多关注下。我们再就以上数据做个总结1、 经济类文章主要来源:The Economist (经济学人),Business Week (商业周刊),Wall Street Journal(华尔街杂志);2、 科学技术类文章主要来源:Nature (自然),Discovery (探索),Science (科学),National Geographic (国家地理),Scientific American (科学美国人),New Scientists (新科学家);3、 社会生活以及文化类文章主要来源:Newsweek (新闻周刊),Times (时代周刊),U.S News and World Report (美国新闻与世界报道),The Washington Post (华盛顿邮报),USA Today (今日美国),The Times (泰晤士报),The Guardian (卫报);4、 其它来源:Independent (独立日报), International New York Times(国际纽约时报), Telegraph (英国电信日报)。
本文是2013年考研英语试卷阅读理解Part A的Text 2部分。本文主要讲述了网络隐私问题,就“在线行为广告”引发的争议展开论述,随后追溯了争议的相关解决方案。An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half.老话说的好,广告费的一半是浪费了的——问题是,没人知道哪一半浪费掉的。In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reced.在互联网时代,至少在理论上,这一浪费的部分能够减少。By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.通过观察人们搜索什么,点击什么,在网络上说什么,公司能够瞄准那些更容易购买的客户投放“行为”广告。26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:第一段表明,“行为”广告帮助广告商:[A] ease competition among themselves缓和他们之间的竞争[B] lower their operational costs降低运营成本[C] avoid complaints from consumers避免消费者的抱怨[D] provide better online services提供更好的网络服务答案:B。解析:第一句就指出了,广告费花费了有一半被浪费掉了。后面指出互联网时代广告费用大幅减少,因为公司(广告商)能够将“行为”广告投放给最有可能购买的人群。由此可知,“行为广告”能帮助广告商“降低运营成本”这句话最符合题意。In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?在过去几周,一场争论表明这些精准信息对于广告商的价值:广告商应该假定用户乐于被追踪并且收到这些广告吗?或者应该获得用户明确的准许?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .在2010年12月,美国联邦贸易委员会建议提出一个“禁止追踪”的选项加入到网络浏览器中,以便用户能告诉广告商他们不想被“追踪”。Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is e to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the instry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.微软的IE浏览器和苹果的Safari浏览器提供了“禁止追踪”选项;谷歌的Chrome浏览器在今年准备提供这样的功能。2月,联邦贸易委员会和数字广告联盟同意该行业尽快对“禁止追踪”这一请求作出回应。27. “The instry” (Line 6, Para.3) refers to:“该行业”指的是:[A] online advertisers在线广告商[B] e-commerce conctors电子商务运营[C] digital information analysis数字信息分析者[D] internet browser developers网络浏览器开发商答案:D。解析:FTC和DAA一致认为the instry会对DNT要求迅速做出回应。前面又指出FTC提议在浏览器上添加DNT选项,可见这个提议的动作执行者在浏览器开发商。可见FTC和DAA提议的the instry就是浏览器开发商。On May 31st Microsoft set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version e to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.微软在五月31日率先发起讨论,它表明随windows8一起发布的IE 10,将把“禁止追踪”选项设为默认状态。Advertisers are horrified .广告商慌神了。Human nature being what it is,most people stick with default settings.人性本质上是,大多数人还是坚持默认设置的。Few switch DNT on now,but if tracking is off it will stay off.很少人会打开DNT选项,但是如果“追踪”是关闭的那么它就一直关闭了。Bob Liodice,the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers,says consumers will be worse off if the instry cannot collect information about their preferences.国家广告协会会长Bob Liodice 表示,如果这个行业不能收集消费者们的偏好信息,消费者的情况将会更糟。People will not get fewer ads,he says.“They’ll get less meaningful,less targeted ads.人们看到的广告不会更少,他们会得到更多的“无意义的”、更不精确的目标广告。28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a defaultBob Liodice坚称设置“禁止追踪”为默认选项[A] may cut the number of junk ads可能减少垃圾广告[B] fails to affect the ad instry对这个行业没有影响[C] will not benefit consumers对消费者不利[D] goes against human nature违反人性答案:C。解析:Bob Liodice指出了消费者的情况会更糟糕,收到的广告不会变少,反而会出现更多无意义的广告。所以C正确。It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond.还不清楚广告商怎么回应。Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so.收到“DNT”信号并不能迫使企业去停止追踪,尽管一些企业承诺会这么做。Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.由于不能分辨出用户是拒绝“行为”广告还是他们只是坚持微软的默认选项,一些企业可能忽略“禁止追踪”的信号并且继续追踪。29. which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?根据第六段,下面哪一个是正确的?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose“禁止追踪”可能不能取得预期目标[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT广告商更希望执行“禁止追踪”选项[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers“禁止追踪”在消费者之中并不流行[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads广告商有责任提供“行为”广告答案:A。解析:公司收到DNT信号并不意味着一定要求停止追踪,而且由于他们不清楚消费者心理,可能也会对DNT默认信号加以忽略。由此,DNT并不能达到限制公司获取用户在线行为信息的目的。所以A合适。Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.并且也不清楚为什么微软一意孤行的发起行动。After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how.毕竟,它也有商业广告业务。据称这些业务也遵守“禁止追踪”选项设定。不过还在具体怎样实施还在研究当中。If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising,it has chosen an indirect method: there is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm.如果它是想让谷歌不高兴,谷歌的业务几乎全靠广告支持。它选择了一个不太直接的方式,没有保证说能将“‘禁止追踪’设为默认状态”成为行业规范。DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other procts favorably with Google's on that count before.“禁止追踪”看起来也不能成为Windows 8的巨大卖点,尽管此前这个公司将旗下一些产品与谷歌的进行了有利对比。Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged:" we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?Brendon Lynch,微软首席隐私官,在博客中写道:我们相信消费者将有更多的控制权。真的那么简单吗?30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:作者对Brendon Lynch在博客中所说的态度是:[A] inlgence纵容[B] understanding理解[C] appreciation欣赏[D] skepticism怀疑答案:D。解析:Brendon Lynch说消费者应该拥有更多控制权,但是作者后面又反问:真的那么简单吗?可见,作者对Brendon Lynch的观点是怀疑的。
昨天2020考研英语考试结束后,很多学生都在讨论今年考研英语的难度怎样,尤其是考研英语阅读理解很多学生说自己当时在考场上没有看明白,前两篇自己基本上都是蒙的,后两篇基本上还可以读懂,为此为了验证考生关于2020考研英语阅读理解的难度,老师我今天亲自做了2020考研英语阅读理解,在做完以后,感觉今年考研英语其实难度并不大,考察学生逻辑思维推理能力和阅读能力,生僻词汇也不多,阅读理解的单词和词汇完全在考研词汇范围以内。2020考研英语一阅读理解试题分析,难度不大,试题考察全面。第一篇阅读理解在四篇阅读理解当中属于难度最大的,但是难度最大并不代表不能做对,第一篇阅读理解词汇会比较生疏,但是考生大致应该可以读明白,是关于“town of culture”为主题的阅读,试题第21-25中,第21题、第24题、第25题属于常规难度题型,试题设置的四个选项迷惑性并不大,尤其是考察坐着态度的第25题基本上属于送分题,即使文章没看懂,但是大概看一遍也可以了解作者的态度。第23题和第24题属于拉开成绩的试题,在原文中难以找到答案,需要考生结合文章语句进行逻辑推理才能判断。考生做对3个试题的难度不大。第二篇阅读理解是关于科学和论文出版方向的阅读理解,文章生僻词汇量小,第26-30题的选项设置没有第一篇的难度大,整篇文章共5段,考生阅读起来难度不大。第26题考察原因,在第一段就可以得出正确答案。第27题属于推理性试题,结合文章的第二段和第三段就可以得出答案,难度并不大。第28题考察作者的态度,也属于送分题。第29题属于细节题,需要考生在第段落中寻找答案,考生如果心理状态紧张就很难做对。第30题属于寻找特征题,需要从整篇文章来分析,难度不大。个人认为考生应该做对4-5个题。第三篇阅读理解是关于美国女性平等法案的文章,文章第一段阅读生僻词汇多,但是以后的段落阅读难度并不大,第31题考察作者观点或者态度,基本上第一段找出答案,第一段最后一句话意思其实已经变大了作者的态度。第32题考察法案的哪一个选项是正确的,我们从第4段已经可以知道unconsitision意思是不符合宪法的意思,已经可以得出答案。第33题在第7段中可以得出正确答案,这类举例题的答案依据就在上一句。第34题难度比其他题难度大一些,第35题需要从整篇文章阅读以后才能得出答案,结合文章意思可以得出答案。个人认为应该做对4个题,难度不大。第四篇阅读理解是关于法国征收数字税的文章,文章阅读难度不大,在四篇阅读理解中应该是最容易的一篇。第36题考察法国征收数字税的目的,从第一段第一句就可以得出答案。第37题需要从第二段中推理,但是难度也不大,可以看到征收数字税会导致美国的反应可以得出答案。第38题考生容易做错,但是属于考生平时练习经常做过的试题,从第四段最后一句可以得出答案。第39题需要从第五段中寻找答案,但是文章中并没有直接给出答案,但是可以看到经济组织的当前工作充满不确定性。第40题考察文章主题,需要选择正确文章题目,难度不大,考生只要紧紧抓住文章主题数字税就可以得出正确答案。个人认为这篇阅读理解正常情况下考生应该做对5个。以上就是2020考研英语一阅读理解四篇文章的试题分析,可以说难度并不大,并没有考生考完以后所说的难度难,考生只要平时多做题就会得高分,四篇阅读理解无论是长难句,还是选项的迷惑性都在历年考研真题中属于中等水平试题考察的做题技巧都很全面,难度并没有超过以往的难度。
关注百家号,分享更多法考、考研资料一、原文赏析Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the proctivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, proctivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average ring the previous decade. And since 1991, proctivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978-1987 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is e to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a "disjunction" between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in proctivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace — all that re-engineering and downsizing — are only one contribution to the overall proctivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in ecation and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing proctivity: switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much.Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose.Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much "re-engineering" has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the rections in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability. BBDO's Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as mere rubbish — "the worst sort of ambulance-chasing".二、译文赏析人们说,不劳就无获。但是,如果有劳却无获又会怎样呢?在美国,无论你走到哪里都会听到企业复苏的故事。商人们自认为的他们所领导的生产力革命是否确有其事,这一点更加难以确定。官方的统计数字却有点不让人乐观。这些数据表明,如果把制造业和服务业合起来算,1987年以来生产力平均增长1.2%。这比前10年的平均增长速度略快。自1991年来,生产力每年约增长2%。这比1978年—1987年的平均增长速度高两倍以上。问题在于,近年发生的生产力快速增长部分是由于商业周期通常到了这时候就会出现的反弹造成的,因而它不是经济复苏已经是潜在趋势的结论性证据。正如财政部长罗伯特鲁宾所说的,生产力发生飞跃的商业传奇与统计数字所反映的情况之间存在着一种“脱节”。这其中的一些原因很容易解释。企业重组的新方法——所有那些重新设计和缩小规模的做法——只是对一个经济的整体生产力做出了一方面的贡献,而这种经济的发展还收到许多其他因素的驱动,如设备、机械上的联合投资,新技术,以及教育和培训上的投资。另外,公司的大部分改革是为了赢利,而达到赢利的目的不一定非要提高生产力:转入新的市场或改善产品质量也会有同样的功效。其他两种解释带有很大的猜测性。一种解释是近年来所进行的公司重组也许并未奏效。另一种则说,即使有所成效,效果也不像人们所设想的那样广泛。哈佛学者,快速增长的面包连锁店Au Bon Pain的前任总裁莱昂纳多施莱辛格说,许多“重组”是粗糙的。他认为很多情况下,企业收益的损失超出了成本的降低。他的同事迈克比尔说,太多的公司已用机械的方式进行重组,在没有充分考虑到长期赢利能力的情况下降低了成本。BBDO的艾尔罗森夏恩更加直率。他把许多重组咨询专家所做的工作视为垃圾——“典型的劳而无获”。三、题目赏析1. According to the author, the American economic situation is ________.[A] not as good as it seems[B] at its turning point[C] much better than it seems[D] near to complete recovery正确答案为: [A] 意为:并不像表面看上去那样好。第一段第三、四句指出,美国到处都在谈论所谓公司的振兴(tales of corporate revival),但是,商界自认为正在进行的所谓生产率革命究竟是否名符其实(for real),这一点却很难确定。该句实际上是全文的主旨,从反面提出了下文旨在回答的问题,所谓生产率革命根本不存在,官方的统计数字也并不怎么乐观;该段第四句指出,问题是;最近显示出的增长部分是由商业领域里此时出现的正常的反弹(rebound)造成的,因此,不能将它看作是更深层的(当指生产率)振兴的证据。由题目能够定位到第一段的这一句:What is harder to establish is whether the proctivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.其意思是:商人们自认为的他们所领导的生产力革命是否确有其事,这一点更加难以确定。因此可以看出作者觉得美国经济形式并不像商人们说的那样好,因此联系到了A选项。最后一段引用了几个专家的评价,对目前进行的促进生产率发展的措施进行了否定,特别是罗森伯格的评价,在他看来,目前负责调整经济的顾问们所做的工作,多数都是垃圾(没有成效),是典型的“于事无补”(ambulance-chasing)。B意为:处于转折阶段。文章中只是说经济发展并不乐观,但是还没有达到转折的地步,因此该选项属于夸张类干扰项。C意为:比现状要好得多。这个和原文意思恰恰相反,同作者的中心思想相违背。换句话说,这个是作者要批驳的观点。D意为;几乎要实现全面复苏了。此选项同C选项,都是与作者思想相违背的,更何况,复苏这个词根本无从谈起。2. The official statistics on proctivity growth ________.[A] exclude the usual rebound in a business cycle[B] fall short of businessmen's anticipation[C] meet the expectation of business people[D] fail to reflect the true state of economy正确答案为:[B] 意为:与商人的预想不符。或:不像商人预想的那样好。第二段指出,官方的统计数字也并不怎么乐观,如果将制造业和服务业算在一起(lump... together),1989年以来生产率平均增长了1.2%,比前十年的平均指数略有增长;1991年后,生产率每年增长约2%,是1978年至1987年这十年平均指数的一倍多。然而问题是:最近显示出的增长部分是由商业领域里此时出现的正常的反弹造成的,因此,不能将它看作是更深层的(当指生产率)振兴的证据。正如财政部长鲁宾所说的那样,一方面,大量的商业神话似乎表明生产率的激增(leap),另一方面,(官方的)统计数字又是另一番景象,二者之间存在着一个“差距”(disjunction)。定位到第二段的这几句:There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a "disjunction" between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in proctivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.其意思是:正如财政部长罗伯特鲁宾所说的,生产力发生飞跃的商业传奇与统计数字所反映的情况之间存在着一种“脱节”。商业传奇即是说大量的商业神话似乎表明生产率的激增(leap)。因此,可以得出结论,经济发展的实际情况和商人们所塑造的神话有脱节,即联系到了B选项。A意为:排除了商业领域里出现的正常的反弹。此选项定位到了原文第二段中的The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is e to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle,意思是:近年发生的生产力快速增长部分是由于商业周期通常到了这时候就会出现的反弹造成的。但是官方统计时并未排除此反弹,在原文中没有根据。原文只是说这个反弹是个trouble,但是并未说找个trouble被排除了。C意为:与商人预想的一致。这个与B选项正好矛盾,参考B选项的解释。D意为:没有准确地反映经济的状况。该选项的说法太笼统了,虽然由原文得出了“脱节”的结论,但是请注意,是生产力发生飞跃的商业传奇与统计数字所反映的情况之间存在着一种“脱节”,而不是该官方统计与经济情况存在脱节。至少,原文并未说该统计不准确,而只是说该统计与商人们预料的不符。3. The author raises the question "what about pain without gain?" because ________.[A] he questions the truth of "no gain without pain"[B] he does not think the proctivity revolution works[C] he wonders if the official statistics are misleading[D] he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses正确答案为:[B] 意为:他认为所谓的生产率革命并未奏效。第一段指出,人们常说:不劳则无所获,但是,要是劳而无获呢?美国到处都在谈论所谓公司的振兴,但是,商界自认为正在进行的所谓生产率革命究竟是否名符其实,这一点却很难确定。作者的观点在此其实已表达得很清楚。另外,从第三段来看,所谓的生产率革命包括了改组企业(business restructuring, reengineering)等一系列措施,正如第四段所指出的,近年所进行的一些重组措施也许并未奏效,而且,即使有所成效,效果也没有人们想像的那样广泛。在最后一段,作者引用了几个专家的评价,这几位专家对目前进行的促进生产率发展的措施更是持否定态度。作者的引用当然带有很大的倾向性,用以支持自己的观点。第一段指出,人们常说:不劳则无所获,但是,要是劳而无获呢?美国到处都在谈论所谓公司的振兴,但是,商界自认为正在进行的所谓生产率革命究竟是否名符其实,这一点却很难确定。作者的观点在此其实已表达得很清楚,就是说所谓的生产率革命并没起多大作用。而且由其他段也可看出,现实的数据与商人们所想的存在脱节,因此他们所鼓吹的革命并不奏效。因此联系到了B选项另请参考第55、56题题解。A意为:他对“不劳则无所获”的真实性提出质疑。该选择项过于局限于字面意思。该选择项过于局限于字面意思,而与作者的真正用意无关。这是一个用字面意思来迷惑考生的干扰项。C意为:他认为官方的统计数宁可能有错。正好相反,他们认为所谓的商业振兴仅仅是假象。联系上一道题,作者并未说官方的统计数据不符合实际。如果上道题明白的话,就会第一个排除此选项的。D意为:他获得了商业振兴的确凿证据。这个选项有两个大错误。首先作者压根没说商业振兴,反而在说经济情况不如想象中的好。第二个错误是所谓的确凿证据无从说起。文章中所有的例证都是在说明“脱节”这个问题,而不是在说什么商业振兴。4. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?[A] Radical reforms are essential for the increase of proctivity.[B] New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase proctivity.[C] The rection of costs is not a sure way to gain long-term profitability.[D] The consultants are a bunch of good-for-nothings.正确答案为:[A] 意为:激进的改革对生产率的提高极其重要。首先要看清楚题目,是说文章未提到的,大家一定不要犯这种低级错误,选了文章提到过的选项。,作者只指出促进生产率革命的措施并未奏效,未达到人们想象的效果,而并末提到应该如何才对。这属于过度引申的干扰项。B意为:用新方法改变工作场所可以提高生产率。第三段第二句指出,重新改变工作场所仅是加快一个国家的国民经济综合生产率水平(overall proctivity of an economy)的一种措施,促进生产率发展的因素还有许多,如:设备和机器投资、新技术、教育和培训投资等都会带来生产率的提高。C意为:降低成本并不能保证带来长期利润。根据第五段第三句,在比尔看来,许多公司机械地(in a mechanistic fashion)应用改革措施,降低了成本,但对长期盈利却考虑不够。可见,降低成本和长期盈利并非总是成正比。D意为:顾问们是一伙饭桶。不要以为这种骂人句肯定不会出现在原文中,那你就犯了主观主义错误了。文章最后一段指出,在罗森伯格看来,目前负责经济调整的顾问们所做的工作,多数都是垃圾(没有成效),是典型的“于事无补”。欢迎在下方评论区留言分享。
考研英语的难度是比较高的,而其中的阅读题是整个考研英语中内容最复杂、难度最大的一部分。很多同学的阅读题几乎全军覆没,最后导致英语没能过国家线,而错失了今年读研的机会。那么,考研英语阅读题到底难在哪里?我们又该如何应对呢?一、难点一:文章中的单词不认识,句子无法理解很多同学拿来一篇文章大概扫一眼就会发现,几乎百分之六七十的单词都不认识。如果一篇文章中大部分单词都不认识,那么百分之二百都是基本功没做好。在进入阅读专项之前是需要积累大量词汇的。考研单词5000个,其核心单词2000个是必须烂熟于心才能去做题的。文章首先就是由单词构成的,单词不过关做阅读题就会寸步难行。认识单词之后就是连词成句,这也是很多同学卡壳的地方,最常见的情况就是单词都认识,却无法理解整句话的意思,很多人最后理解的文章意思牛头不对马嘴,做题必然错一片。而这其中最主要的原因就是语法不过关,理解能力差,这是需要勤加训练才能克服的。二、难点二:看得懂文章却选不对答案在背过了单词,学过了语法也能理解文章基本意思之后,还是有一部分同学做不对题。为什么自己明明看懂了文章,理解了意思,还是做错题?这其中最主要的原因是做题时加入了主观色彩。阅读题最忌讳不尊重原文而加入主观色彩去选答案,基本一选一个错,而答案中也会专门给你设坑,让你踩坑而不自知。所以,大家做阅读题时一定要非常客观,所有的答案都要回到原文中去一一对应,原文没有提到的,答案说的再有道理都不能选。三、难点三:耗费时间过多,严重影响后面做题阅读题内容多,难度大,确实需要花费很多时间,但是要在合理范围内,不可超时。考研英语答题时间为三个小时,其中分配于阅读题的时间大概在72-80分钟,一旦超时,会严重影响之后的答题节奏,造成不可挽回的损失。很多同学因为刚入考场特别紧张和焦虑,所以一时半会儿进入不了状态,一篇文章看了一遍又一遍,最后白白浪费时间。其实不如一开始花几分钟时间调整心态,平静下来再答题,效果会更好些。还有一部分原因就是平时模拟训练的次数不够,从不掐时间做题,而导致真正到考场时时间把握不准。四、应对之策造成以上难点的原因,有一部分是因为考研英语阅读题本身就比较有难度,但是大部分原因在于大家自己。想要应对这些难点,做好英语阅读题,拿到高分,最重要的就是训练。单词的积累在这里不必多说,语法也应该提前搞定,最重要的就是关于做题手感和做题技巧,这是需要不断打磨的。大家可以在有了一定基础后,把07-15年的阅读真题仔细琢磨一番,一定会大有收获。至于做题时间的问题,就需要大家平时做题时自觉掐时间完成,不要一道题做三四十分钟,那样是没有任何效果的。以上给大家梳理了一下在面对考研英语阅读题时会遇到的困难,其实困难的主要原因就是基本功不扎实,平时练的太少。如果2020考研的小伙伴们想要在英语上取得高分,那么阅读分数一定要拿稳,希望大家埋头学习,勤加训练,最后收获好结果。
我们的考研英语当中,阅读无疑是最重要的一部分。备考到这个阶段,大家都对考研阅读有了一定的了解,每年的二十道题当中,考察的方面可以分为几大题型。其中一个题型就是考察对于文章中作者观点态度倾向的理解,针对这个题型,我们今天来详细讲解一下。首先,考研阅读文章大部分选自发表在西方核心期刊的学术性议论文,根据这个特点我们就可以了解考研英语阅读文章当中的态度倾向。作为核心期刊,宣传的是一个国家的精神,不会出现引发争端争议的内容,发表文章的态度也是如此。我们可以简单把这些态度分为五种:第一种,歧视、偏见、不平等。第二种,冷漠、不关心及关心。第三种,迷惑、不清楚。第四种,情感过于强烈。第五种,容忍、沉溺、放纵。我们为什么要了解这些不可以的态度呢,因为解题的时候我们可以首先进行排除选项,提升题目作答的准确率。如何选出正确选项就需要我们进一步了解考研阅读中可以表达的态度,可以表达的态度可以分为三种,分别是“正”态度,“负”态度,“中”态度。这三种态度如何理解我们可以简单举个例子,比如前段时间讨论度很高的上海垃圾分类问题,讨论的人当中会有人非常支持,这种就是“正”态度,表示正向的积极的。面对这个问题有人可能会反对,认为加重了生活当中的烦恼,这种就是“负”态度。而理智客观的人会从全面的角度出发,既认可这种规则的合理也认为还需要一定改进,这种就是“中”态度。态度我们都了解了,那么该如何运用到解题中呢,解题的前提是我们要识别出这种题型。态度题的识别非常容易,英语中表示态度的单词是attitude,这就是识别态度题的一大标志,当题干当中出现attitude时,我们就知道这是一道态度题。当题干中并没有attitude,我们也可以从选项入手,当发现选项中的单词都是表示态度的,通过这一特点,我们也可以判断出题目是否是态度题。态度题的解题是非常具有技巧性的,我们通过这道例题来了解一下态度题的解题方法,解题首先要进行的就是排除选项,我们可以依据前面提过的五种不可以表达的态度进行排除。例1 The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.(2017年text 4) The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is _____. [A] sarcastic [B] tolerant [C] skeptical [D] supportive这道题当中我们可以发现选项A提到的sarcastic 刻薄的,这种态度过于否定,属于不可以表达的态度,选项B提到的tolerant 容忍的,也属于我们说的不可以表达的态度,选项C skeptical 怀疑的,是可以表达的态度,属于“负”态度,选项D supportive 支持的,是可以表达的态度,属于“正”态度。我们可以首先排除A和B,接下来到文章中看作者是如何描述题干中提到的 the court’s ruling, 作者用了一个短语 a step forward, 向前的一步,这是一种积极的描述,因此我们可以判断本题应该选D。这就是态度题的解题方法,首先排除干扰选项,再到文章中找到作者的描述体会其中的态度倾向解题。希望以上内容对于同学们的备考有所益处。
题材标签:教育难度等级: ★★★☆☆出题思路: 模拟2017年考研阅读Text 1短文出处:www.washingtonpost.com/opinions, 2018/5/16Text 11 When you are a writer who learns a beloved author has a dark side, you experience waves of disillusionment. When you teach that author’s work, you feel an additional stab of concern: What about my syllabus? As intellectual property goes, a great syllabus is a gold mine. Or perhaps a better metaphor would be a Jenga Game. Take away too many supporting pieces and the whole thing will topple.2 Do we continue to teach the work of people we now suspect of behaving unethically or abusively? News stories have suggested prominent writer Díaz may have acted in predatory ways. The Pulitzer Prize Board has launched an investigation of past Pulitzer winner Díaz regarding allegations that include forcibly kissing one author and verbally bullying another. As a reader, I’m devastated. As a teacher, I’ve got decisions to make.3 “Writers in Print and Person,” my class at American University, where I often adjunct, invites undergraates to alternate sustained analysis of a book with the opportunity to meet and question the author. Most of our craft learning is subsequently channeled through eight to 10 books assigned for annotation, a selection tailored to students indivially. Because of the particular scope of my responsibilities, and these modes of student learning, I have always emphasized the writer as a fully dimensioned being. What do I do when those dimensional flaws are revealed?4 Here’s what I can’t do: pretend that this is not happening. Much of the economy surrounding a contemporary writing career rests not just in what that author does on the page but what the person says at the microphone and in the classroom. I’ve never been a full-time academic. Yet I’ve served as a writer-in-residence four times. In other words, I cross paths with thousands of students, many of whom tell me about theiraspirations of becoming writers.5 These are students who wait in line afterward, sometimes for hours, so that the author can sign their copy of the book we put on the syllabus. These are the students who nervously apply for a faraway workshop, and then hustle to cover the expenses, so that they can work with a celebrated writer. These are the students who trust in both that writer’s aesthetic expertise and best intentions.6 I look back with deep regret at times I’ve recommended someone as a mentor, editor or visiting writer, unaware of a history of abusive attitudes.1. The well-known writer Díaz is mentioned to _____.A. stress he is a Pulitzer winnerB. reveal he fought an authorC. illustrate some writers have unethical behaviorsD. explain why I moved his works out of my syllabus.2. Which of the following is “my teaching method”?A. I ask my students to meet the writer to analyze his book.B. I want my students to understand the writer from different dimensions.C. Students are required to read eight to 10 books to find indivial taste.D. One of my responsibilities is to help students find the writer’s flaws.3. The word “aspiration” (Para. 4) is closest in meaning to _____.A. hateB. cheatingC. sadnessD. ambition4. What kind of students is mentioned here?A. The students who are eager to get the writer’s signature whose book on the syllabus.B. The students who want to join in a workshop.C. The students who have the same aesthetic expertise as the writer.D. The students who can publish an expensive book.5. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Teach an Abusive Writer’s Work?B. Writer in Print and PersonC. How to Prepare a SyllabusD. My Regret答案:CBDAA出题思路:【1】The well-known writer Díaz is mentioned to .A. stress he is a Pulitzer winnerB. reveal he fought an authorC. illustrate some writers have unethical behaviorsD. explain why I moved his works out of my syllabus.这里想出一道 “论证型推理题”,也就是“论据A是为了说明论点B”这样的题目。该题的论据是由题干“the well-known writer Díaz”指向文中所述“Diaz是一个行为有问题的人”,论点则是四个选项。首先,确定正确选项:C:illustrate some writers have unethical behaviors(举例说明某些作家有不道德行为)。原文第2段开头说Do we continue to teach the work of people we now suspect of behaving unethically or abusively?(那些让我们现在怀疑行为粗暴、不道德的作家,我们是否继续教授他们的作品呢?)第2句话,作者并没有急于回答这个问题,而是举例什么人是那些不道德的作家。就提到News stories have suggested prominent writer Díaz may have acted in predatory ways.(新闻报道已经暗示著名作家迪亚兹可能有强暴式行为。)所以,Diaz就是前文提到的那些unethically or abusively中的一员。作者提到Diaz就是想举例说明的确有作家行为不道德,而不是作者自己的臆测。其次,设计干扰选项:选项A利用原文中Pulitzer winner一词,让那些没读懂文章,想蒙对答案的人上当。选项B的fought an author是对原文中bullying another的近义转写,让那些迷信“同义转述”的人上当。选项D利用第1段的syllabus迷惑考生。【2】Which of the following is “my teaching method”?A. I ask my students to meet the writer to analyze his book.B. I want my students to understand the writer from different dimensions.C. Students are required to read eight to 10 books to find indivial taste.D. One of my responsibilities is to help students find the writer’s flaws.这里想考第3段。发现第3段教学方法讲的很详细,就出一道多细节题,即每个选项对应一个细节,但错误选项在细节描述上不准确。首先,确定正确选项: B: I want my students to understand the writer from different dimensions.(我想让我的学生从不同角度理解作者)对应于原文I have always emphasized the writer as a fully dimensioned being.(我一直强调作者是一个全方位的存在)。出题技巧是paraphrase(同义转述)。其次,设计干扰选项:选项A利用meet来迷惑考生。在选项A中,因为没有上下文语境,所以meet the writer就是真正和writer“面对面”的见面。而原文中invites undergraates to alternate sustained analysis of a book with the opportunityto meet and question the author. (邀请本科生对一本书进行交替持续的分析,让他们有机会去认识和质疑作者)。原文中meet是学生和作者在“书中”见面,学生通过分析作品,了解作者。这种迷惑选项叫“去语境化”,也就是说原文中的词一定是“带语境”的词义,而选项中的词是“去语境”的词义,这两个词义不一样。选项C的设计是考虑到原文中与C对应的是一个难句,考察学生是否真的读懂了这个句子。读懂了,就不会选C。没读懂,因为数字10很醒目,就很可能选C。原文Most of our craft learningissubsequently channeledthrough eight to 10 books assigned for annotation, a selectiontailored to students indivially. 这句话的主要部分是Most of our craft learning is channeled (我们大部分写作技巧的学习被引导)。后面是through…books…, selection…(通过书和选集被引导)。什么样的书和选集呢?由被动的assigned, tailored修饰(被布置作业要求写注释的书引导,被针对学生个性化定制的选集引导)整个句子的翻译是:然后,让学生读八到十本书并做注释。我们大部分写作技巧的学习是通过这八到十本书的引导进行,这些书构成的选集是针对学生个性化定制选择的。选项D是用flaws做干扰,迷惑考生。【3】The word “aspiration” (Para. 4) is closest in meaning to _____.A. hate B. cheating C. sadness D. ambition这里出一道猜词题。对于出题老师来说,出这样的题比较轻松。词的意义一般要从上下文猜。这道题aspiration虽然出现在第4段,但它的意义要从第5段对那些学生的描写得出,知道学生们多么渴望成为作家,才能猜出ambition(雄心)这个含义。干扰项在这里没有太多设计。【4】What kind of students are mentioned here?A. The students who are eager to get the writer’s signature whose book on the syllabus.B. The students who want to join in a workshop.C. The students who have the same aesthetic expertise as the writer.D. The students who can publish an expensive book.这里又是一道多细节题,因为第5段提到学生们的多种经历。首先,确定正确选项:A: The students who are eager to get the writer’ssignature whose book on the syllabus.(学生渴望获得那些大纲上列出的书的作者的签名)因为原文:These are students who wait in line afterward, sometimes for hours, so that the author can sign their copy of the bookwe put on the syllabus. (这些学生是有时排队等候几个小时,只为了让教学大纲上的某本书的作者能够在书上签名。)其次,设计干扰选项:选项B用workshop迷惑考生,原文的重点不是学生参加workshop,而是“想和作者一起”参与workshop。选项C用aesthetic expertise迷惑,但意思和原文无关。选项D用expensive和expenses词形相似迷惑,意思和原文也无关。【5】Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Teach an Abusive Writer’s Work?B. Writer in Print and PersonC. How to Prepare a SyllabusD. My Regret这里想出一道主旨题。这种题比较难出,主要是错误选项要有迷惑性,但又要与正确答案有区别,还要反映出读者一些错误的主旨总结习惯,所以比较难出。正确选项要出得大家都没有异议也有一定难度。首先,确定正确选项:A:Teach an Abusive Writer’s Work?(要教授行为粗鲁的作者的作品吗?) 因为第1段,第2段作者都提出了这个问题,但后面也没有答案。说明这就是作者文章的中心:提出一个这样的困惑。这篇文章的关键词是“writer”,这个词一定会包含在正确答案中。其次,设计干扰选项:所有干扰项设计采用了同一个策略,就是从段首句找醒目词。选项B是第3段的开头,但Writer in Print and Person只是作者开设的一门课程的名称。选项C利用Syllabus一次将考生目光引向第1段,但第1段作者提出Syllabus(大纲)的问题,只是作为引言,引起大家想象,如果大纲里很多作品的作者都有问题,那么大纲岂不要重写了吗?就像叠叠高游戏一样,很多支撑木块都抽掉后,叠叠高的塔就倒掉了。选项D利用regret一词将考生目光引向最后一段,但这一段只是作者的感慨。英汉对照:1 When you are a writer who learns a beloved author has a dark side, you experience(v.) waves of disillusionment. When you teach that author’s work, you feel an additional stab of concern: What about my syllabus? As intellectual propertygoes, a great syllabus is a gold mine. Or perhaps a better metaphor would be a Jenga Game. Take away too many supporting pieces and the whole thing will topple.当你是一位作家,知道了某位受人爱戴的作家有黑暗的一面,你会经历一波幻灭的浪潮。当你讲授这位作家的作品时,你会感到额外的担忧:我的教学大纲怎么办?随着知识产权的发展,优秀的教学大纲就是金矿。也许更好的暗喻是一种叠叠高游戏。拿走太多的支撑物,整个塔就会倒塌。2 Do we continue to teach the work of people we now suspectof behaving unethically or abusively? News stories have suggested prominent writer Díaz may have acted in predatory ways. The Pulitzer Prize Board has launched an investigation of past Pulitzer winner Díaz regarding allegations that include forcibly kissing one author and verbally bullying another. As a reader, I’m devastated. As a teacher, I’ve got decisions to make.我们继续讲授那些人的作品,那些让我们现在怀疑行为不道德、粗暴的人的作品吗?新闻报道已经暗示著名作家迪亚兹可能有强暴式行为。普利策奖委员会展开了调查对曾经的普利策奖得主迪亚兹,调查关于某些指控,包括强吻一名作者和口头辱骂另一位作者的指控。作为一名读者,我非常震惊。作为一位教师,我必须做出决定。3 “Writers in Print and Person,” my class at American University,where I often adjunct, invites undergraates to alternate sustained analysis of a book with the opportunity to meet and question the author. Most of our craft learning is subsequently channeled through eight to 10 books assigned for annotation, a selection tailored to students indivially. Because of the particular scope of my responsibilities, and these modes of student learning, I have always emphasized the writer as a fully dimensioned being. What do I do when those dimensional flaws are revealed?“作品中的作者和真正的作者”是我在美国大学上的一门课,在那里我经常兼职,并邀请本科生对一本书进行交替持续的分析,让他们有机会去认识和质疑作者。然后,让学生读八到十本书并做注释,我们大部分写作技巧的学习是通过这八到十本书的引导进行,这些书形成的选集是针对学生个性化定制选择的。由于我的职责的特定范围,以及学生学习的这种模式,我一直强调作者是一个全方位的存在。当那些有瑕疵的维度被揭露时,我该做什么?4 Here’s what I can’t do: pretend that this is not happening. Much of the economy surrounding a contemporary writing career rests not just in what that author does on the page but what the person says at the microphone and in the classroom. I’ve never been a full-time academic. Yet I’ve served as a writer-in-residence four times. In other words, I cross paths with thousands of students, many of whom tell me about their aspirations of becoming writers.我知道我不能做什么:假装这一切都没有发生。围绕着当代写作生涯的许多经济效益不仅仅在于作者在书上写了什么,而且在于他在麦克风和教室里说的话。我从来不是全职的学术型学者。然而,我曾四次作为住校作家。换句话说,我和成千上万的学生不期而遇,他们中的许多人告诉我他们有想成为作家的志向。5 These are students who wait in line afterward, sometimes for hours, so that the author can sign their copy of the book we put on the syllabus. These are the students who nervously apply fora faraway workshop, and then hustle to cover the expenses, so that they can work with a celebrated writer. These are the students who trust in both that writer’s aesthetic expertise and best intentions.这些学生是有时排队等候几个小时,只为了让教学大纲上的某本书的作者能够签上名字。这些学生紧张地申请一个远在外地的工作坊,然后赶紧支付费用,以便能跟一位著名作家学习。这些学生既相信作家的美学知识,又相信他们的最佳意图。6 I look back with deep regretat times I’ve recommended someone as a mentor, editor or visiting writer, unaware of a history of abusive attitudes.我回头想想,深感遗憾的是,有时我推荐某人做导师、编辑或访问作家,并没有意识到他态度粗鲁的过去。
考研英语中有一句话:得阅读者得天下。我真的是用亲身经历验证了这句话。我考的是传播学专业,英语单科线是按文史类线走,差不多每年都是56、58的样子,但是我第一年英语只考了54分,对完答案阅读错了一半,完型得了,3分,新题型对了3个,相当惨烈。二战时把大部分精力放在了阅读上,最后阅读错了2个,新题型全对,完型5分,英语75。会发现主观题想提高其实不容易的,两次我得的分差不多都在25上下,英语想要安全过线,还是要靠阅读。考研英语阅读是试卷的第一部分,分为完形填空,短文阅读,新题型三块。题量和分值如下:完形填空:20空,每空0.5分短文阅读:20题,每题2分新题型:5题,每题2分总分:60分完型填空题量大,分值小,较难,每年平均分也才3.5左右,大致浏览选一选差不多就是这个分数,所以不论是复习还是正式考试都不建议花太多时间和精力。新题型英语一是选句子补充文章,英语二是选小标题,都比较简单,也不需要花太多时间准备。短文阅读是复习的重中之重,不仅因为分值大,更因为这一部分复习好,新题型和主观题中的翻译都能得到提高。因此短文阅读相当重要。那么考研英语阅读怎么训练?考研英语阅读怎么训练——资料选择历年真题就是最好的复习资料,只要能把所有真题研究透,考试肯定没啥问题。市面上的真题集各有特点,大家在买的时候要选适合自己的。我自己只接触过《考研真相》和《张剑黄皮书》,黄皮书是第一年用的,学姐说考研真相的讲解更详细一些,每篇文章每个句子都会讲解,比较适合我这样的英语渣渣,后来就一直用考研真相。其他资料没用过不做评价,但如果你英语基础不好,考研真相会比较适合,逐字逐句的讲解还是有困难,也可以听配套张国静老师的视频。考研英语阅读怎么训练——时间安排先说整个复习时间的规划:大三上学期到寒假:不必专门训练阅读,先把单词背好。真题本来就不多,英语二更少,没有单词做基础去做真题就是浪费。大三下学期到暑假:英语一真题从1997-2017做一遍。英语二是2010-2017做一遍。英语二题目比较少,可以先用英语一真题练练手,买2013-2020这几年的就行,有余力可以再做做之前的。暑假:英语一2008-2017做第二遍。英语二2010-2017做第二遍。大四开学到11月:英语一2008-2017做第三遍。英语二2010-2017第三遍。12月:英语一和英语二都用近三年真题模考。再说说每次做题的时间安排:1. 做题时间尽量选在下午2点到5点。英语初试就在下午,同一时间复习有利于提前适应考试,形成习惯。2. 每篇阅读尽量在15-20分钟内完成。整张卷子能分给每篇阅读的时间就是15分钟左右,准确率和速度同样重要,不要一做一小时,这样考试容易答不完。3. 做每篇阅读前先花1-2分钟浏览题目,关注题目的定位信息(如page 1、last、文章中出现的专有名词等等);然后带着问题用10分钟阅读文章并选出答案;最后花2-3分钟对不确定的题目再做考虑。考研英语阅读怎么训练——做题方法英语阅读我们可以反复做3遍甚至更多,每一遍都有不同的目标和要求。第一遍(大三下学期到暑假):巩固基础每篇文章掐着时间做完,做的时候把不认识词圈出来,做完一一去查,并且将整篇文章动手翻译出来。力求把每个句子读懂,尤其长难句,开始可能比较困难,但是坚持翻译几篇就会量变引起质变,至于题目对错可以不用太在意,但要把错题标记出来。第二遍(暑假):强化提高同样掐时间做,这时候不认识的词应该不会很多,没有时间动手翻译可以采用口译。关注错题,尤其是第一遍也错的题目,标记出来,留意错题的类型(例如是例证题、判断题、推理题、细节题还是作者态度题)第三遍(大四开学到11月):总结冲刺这一遍要总结历年真题中的规律和套路,可以把几年的真题放在一起做个比较。例如:作者态度题中的中性词一般不选;转折词后的句子往往是解题的关键;长难句中一定有答案;词汇题定位很重要,找到对应句子替换就是答案;名词用来定位,副词形容词用来找答案,动词基本不用看· · · · · ·总结规律,才能有所提高。英语阅读的提高需要长期不断的积累,更在于不断的总结发现,真题至少做3遍,更多当然更好,这样才能平安过线~
原文+译文:In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market.网上商务开始的第一年左右,大部分活动都围绕着开拓消费者市场而进行。More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell procts and services with one another.最近,随着网络被证实不仅仅是一种时尚,公司便开始(在网上)相互交易产品和服务。Such business-to-business sales make sense because businesspeople typically know what proct they’re looking for.公司之间的这种交易非常合理,因为商人都清楚地知道他们需要的是产品。Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. “Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier,” says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by concting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company’s private intranet.不过,由于怀疑网络的可靠性,许多公司仍对网络的使用犹豫不决。弗瑞斯特研究所的资深分析员布兰·欧文说,“商家需要感受到,他们可以信赖自己和供应商之间的这种沟通途径”。有些公司为了降低风险,只与固定的贸易伙伴进行在线贸易,给予这些伙伴进入本公司局域网的权利。Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing.网络商业模式的另一个重大变化与可用于营销的技术有关。Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to “pull” customers into sites.直到最近,因特网上的营销活动还集中在使用将用户“拉进”网站的策略上。In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to “push” information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers.然而去年,软件公司开发出新的技术,使公司可以将信息直接“推出”给消费者,直接把营销信息传送给特定的用户。Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers’ computer monitors.最突出的例子是Pointcast网络,该网络使用一种屏幕保护系统,将最新的信息和广告不断地传送到用户的计算机显示器上。Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company’s Web site.用户可以量身设定自己想要接收的信息,然后直接进入某个公司的网址。Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, proct offerings, or other events.像Virtual Vineyards这样的公司业已开始采用类似的技术将有关特价销售、产品促销或其他活动的信息“推”向用户。But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users.但这种“推”的技术遭到许多网上用户的鄙视。Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request.在线文化推崇这样一个理念:流动到屏幕上的信息应是在专门的请求之后才出现。Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. That’s a prospect that horrifies Net purists.一旦商业促销不请自来地充斥着电脑屏幕,那么网络和电视就没多大差别了。这种前景让网络净化者感到不安。But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money.公司在网上并不是非得依靠“推”的策略方能挣钱。The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of procts with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.像Virtual Vineyards 和Amazon.Com及其他开拓者的例子表明:一个销售适类商品的网站,如果将互动、热情服务、安全相结合,肯定会吸引网上用户的。And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.计算机计算能力的成本持续下降,对任何建立了网上销售点的企业来说都是个好的征兆。回顾过去的5年或10年,人们或许会感到奇怪。为什么只有这么少的公司尝试网上销售呢?试题:51. We learn from the beginning of the passage that Web business.[A] has been striving to expand its market[B] intended to follow a fanciful fashion[C] tried but in vain to control the market[D] has been booming for one year or so52. Speaking of the online technology available for marketing, the author implies that.[A] the technology is popular with many Web users[B] businesses have faith in the reliability of online transactions[C] there is a radical change in strategy[D] it is accessible limitedly to established partners53. In the view of Net purists,.[A] there should be no marketing messages in online culture[B] money making should be given priority to on the Web[C] the Web should be able to function as the television set[D] there should be no online commercial information without requests54. We learn from the last paragraph that.[A] pushing information on the Web is essential to Internet commerce[B] interactivity, hospitality and security are important to online customers[C] leading companies began to take the online plunge decades ago[D] setting up shops in silicon is independent of the cost of computing power答案:A C D B