本文是2013年考研英语试卷阅读理解Part A的Text 2部分。本文主要讲述了网络隐私问题,就“在线行为广告”引发的争议展开论述,随后追溯了争议的相关解决方案。An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half.老话说的好,广告费的一半是浪费了的——问题是,没人知道哪一半浪费掉的。In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reced.在互联网时代,至少在理论上,这一浪费的部分能够减少。By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.通过观察人们搜索什么,点击什么,在网络上说什么,公司能够瞄准那些更容易购买的客户投放“行为”广告。26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:第一段表明,“行为”广告帮助广告商:[A] ease competition among themselves缓和他们之间的竞争[B] lower their operational costs降低运营成本[C] avoid complaints from consumers避免消费者的抱怨[D] provide better online services提供更好的网络服务答案:B。解析:第一句就指出了,广告费花费了有一半被浪费掉了。后面指出互联网时代广告费用大幅减少,因为公司(广告商)能够将“行为”广告投放给最有可能购买的人群。由此可知,“行为广告”能帮助广告商“降低运营成本”这句话最符合题意。In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?在过去几周,一场争论表明这些精准信息对于广告商的价值:广告商应该假定用户乐于被追踪并且收到这些广告吗?或者应该获得用户明确的准许?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .在2010年12月,美国联邦贸易委员会建议提出一个“禁止追踪”的选项加入到网络浏览器中,以便用户能告诉广告商他们不想被“追踪”。Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is e to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the instry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.微软的IE浏览器和苹果的Safari浏览器提供了“禁止追踪”选项;谷歌的Chrome浏览器在今年准备提供这样的功能。2月,联邦贸易委员会和数字广告联盟同意该行业尽快对“禁止追踪”这一请求作出回应。27. “The instry” (Line 6, Para.3) refers to:“该行业”指的是:[A] online advertisers在线广告商[B] e-commerce conctors电子商务运营[C] digital information analysis数字信息分析者[D] internet browser developers网络浏览器开发商答案:D。解析:FTC和DAA一致认为the instry会对DNT要求迅速做出回应。前面又指出FTC提议在浏览器上添加DNT选项,可见这个提议的动作执行者在浏览器开发商。可见FTC和DAA提议的the instry就是浏览器开发商。On May 31st Microsoft set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version e to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.微软在五月31日率先发起讨论,它表明随windows8一起发布的IE 10,将把“禁止追踪”选项设为默认状态。Advertisers are horrified .广告商慌神了。Human nature being what it is,most people stick with default settings.人性本质上是,大多数人还是坚持默认设置的。Few switch DNT on now,but if tracking is off it will stay off.很少人会打开DNT选项,但是如果“追踪”是关闭的那么它就一直关闭了。Bob Liodice,the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers,says consumers will be worse off if the instry cannot collect information about their preferences.国家广告协会会长Bob Liodice 表示,如果这个行业不能收集消费者们的偏好信息,消费者的情况将会更糟。People will not get fewer ads,he says.“They’ll get less meaningful,less targeted ads.人们看到的广告不会更少,他们会得到更多的“无意义的”、更不精确的目标广告。28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a defaultBob Liodice坚称设置“禁止追踪”为默认选项[A] may cut the number of junk ads可能减少垃圾广告[B] fails to affect the ad instry对这个行业没有影响[C] will not benefit consumers对消费者不利[D] goes against human nature违反人性答案:C。解析:Bob Liodice指出了消费者的情况会更糟糕,收到的广告不会变少,反而会出现更多无意义的广告。所以C正确。It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond.还不清楚广告商怎么回应。Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so.收到“DNT”信号并不能迫使企业去停止追踪,尽管一些企业承诺会这么做。Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.由于不能分辨出用户是拒绝“行为”广告还是他们只是坚持微软的默认选项,一些企业可能忽略“禁止追踪”的信号并且继续追踪。29. which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?根据第六段,下面哪一个是正确的?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose“禁止追踪”可能不能取得预期目标[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT广告商更希望执行“禁止追踪”选项[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers“禁止追踪”在消费者之中并不流行[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads广告商有责任提供“行为”广告答案:A。解析:公司收到DNT信号并不意味着一定要求停止追踪,而且由于他们不清楚消费者心理,可能也会对DNT默认信号加以忽略。由此,DNT并不能达到限制公司获取用户在线行为信息的目的。所以A合适。Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.并且也不清楚为什么微软一意孤行的发起行动。After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how.毕竟,它也有商业广告业务。据称这些业务也遵守“禁止追踪”选项设定。不过还在具体怎样实施还在研究当中。If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising,it has chosen an indirect method: there is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm.如果它是想让谷歌不高兴,谷歌的业务几乎全靠广告支持。它选择了一个不太直接的方式,没有保证说能将“‘禁止追踪’设为默认状态”成为行业规范。DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other procts favorably with Google's on that count before.“禁止追踪”看起来也不能成为Windows 8的巨大卖点,尽管此前这个公司将旗下一些产品与谷歌的进行了有利对比。Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged:" we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?Brendon Lynch,微软首席隐私官,在博客中写道:我们相信消费者将有更多的控制权。真的那么简单吗?30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:作者对Brendon Lynch在博客中所说的态度是:[A] inlgence纵容[B] understanding理解[C] appreciation欣赏[D] skepticism怀疑答案:D。解析:Brendon Lynch说消费者应该拥有更多控制权,但是作者后面又反问:真的那么简单吗?可见,作者对Brendon Lynch的观点是怀疑的。
原文+译文:Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments.实际上,科学的进步依赖于做实验,但更依赖于实验的观察者(即做实验的人)有所准备的头脑。Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple.据说艾萨克·牛顿爵士是从苹果落地现象中发现了万有引力。Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets.多少个世纪以来,许多地方一直都有苹果落到地面,成千上万的人也都看过苹果落地。但多年来只有牛顿一直对月球和行星沿轨道运行的起因感到好奇。What kept them in place? Why didn’t they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.是什么使它们保持在现在的位置?它们为什么不从天上掉下来?苹果向下落到地面而不向上飞到树上,这一事实回答了他长期以来一直对天空中更大的“果实”——月球和行星所存有的疑问。How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree?多少人会考虑过苹果向上飞到树上的可能性呢?Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. His mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research.牛顿这样做了,因为他不想对任何事情进行预测。他只是怀有好奇心。他的头脑在准备思考不可预测的事。不可预测性是科学研究的一个基本特征。If you don’t have unpredictable things, you don’t have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals, but history is filled with examples of it.如果没有不可预测现象的产生就无所谓科学研究了。科学家们在为学术刊物撰写呆板的例行报告时往往会忘记这一点,而历史上这样的例子却比比皆是。In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the “scientific method” a substitute for imaginative thought.在和一些科学家,特别是年轻科学家交谈时,你可能会有这样一种印象:他们认为“科学方法”可以代替创造性思维。I’ve attended research conferences where a scientist has been asked what he thinks about the advisability of continuing a certain experiment.我出席过一些科研会议,会上有人问一位科学家继续某项实验是否是明智之举。The scientist has frowned, looked at the graphs, and said “the data are still inconclusive.”那位科学家皱了皱眉,又看了看图表,然后说:“数据还是不够确定。”“We know that,” the men from the budget office have said, “but what do you think? Is it worthwhile going on? What do you think we might expect?” The scientist has been shocked at having even been asked to speculate.预算部门的人说:“这点我们知道,但你的意见如何?你觉得值得做下去吗?你觉得我们可以期待什么呢?”这位科学家感到很震惊,他没有料到人们会让他做出预测。What this amounts to, of course, is that the scientist has become the victim of his own writings.当然,这几乎等于说:这位科学家成了自己所写报告的受害者。He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced instrial and business management that they are true.他所提出的种种论断是如此不容置疑、如此一致,以至于不仅他自己相信了,而且也说服了工商界的管理者相信其正确性。If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to proce results measurable in dollars and cents.假如科学实验像科学杂志报告显示的那样完全按事先的计划去规划和实施,那么,对管理层来说,期待研究能够产生可用美元、美分衡量的结果是完全合理的。It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.审计人员也完全有理由相信,确切知道自己的目标并知道如何实现这一目标的科学家们根本没必要分心:用一只眼盯着现金计数器的同时,用另一只眼睛盯着显微镜。Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team.”如果像他们的论文所反映的那样,科学家渴望规律性和与某种标准模式的一致性,那么管理人员歧视研究人员中的“标新立异者”,而赞赏“善于合作”的具有传统思维模式的人,也就是无可指摘的。试题:51. The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that.[A] inquiring minds are more important than scientific experiments[B] science advances when fruitful researches are concted[C] scientists seldom forget the essential nature of research[D] unpredictability weighs less than prediction in scientific research52. The author asserts that scientists.[A] shouldn’t replace “scientific method” with imaginative thought[B] shouldn’t neglect to speculate on unpredictable things[C] should write more concise reports for technical journals[D] should be confident about their research findings53. It seems that some young scientists.[A] have a keen interest in prediction[B] often speculate on the future[C] think highly of creative thinking[D] stick to “scientific method”54. The author implies that the results of scientific research.[A] may not be as profitable as they are expected[B] can be measured in dollars and cents[C] rely on conformity to a standard pattern[D] are mostly underestimated by management答案:A B D A
本文强调了要为大学生提供更多课程方面的信息,从而使他们在对各门不同学科进行钻研之后,选择符合自己兴趣和能力的学科。It would be interesting to discover how many young people go to university without any clear idea of what they are going to do afterwards.发现有多少上大学的年轻人对将来要做什么没有任何明确的想法,将是一件有趣的事情。(21) If one considers the enormous variety of courses offered, it is not hard to see how difficult it is for a student to select the course most suited to his interests and abilities.(21)如果想一想那些为学生设置的门类繁多的课程,我们就不难发现,对一个学生来说,要选一门符合他的兴趣和能力的课程是多么困难。(22) If a student goes to university to acquire a broader perspective of life, to enlarge his ideas and to learn to think for himself, he will undoubtedly benefit.(22)如果一个学生进大学是为了想获得一个对生活前景更广泛的认识,为了扩大思想境界和学会独立思考,那么毫无疑问,进大学对他是有好处的。(23) Schools often have too restricting an atmosphere, with its time tables and disciplines, to allow him much time for independent assessment of the work he is asked to do.(23)学校由于受课程表和纪律的约束,气氛往往令人感到过于拘束,使学生没有充分时间对规定要他做的事情有独立的见解。(24) Most students would, I believe, profit by a year of such exploration of different academic studies, especially those “all rounders” with no particular interest.(24)我认为大多数学生,尤其是那些没有偏重某一门课程的“全面发展的学生”,经过一年左右的时间对各门不同学科的钻研,将会从中获益。They should have longer time to decide in what subject they want to take their degrees, so that in later life, they do not look back and say, “I should like to have been an archaeologist.他们应该有更长的时间来决定想拿什么学科的学位,以便在以后的岁月里回顾过去时不会说,“我希望自己是一名考古学家。If I hadn’t taken a degree in Modern Languages, I shouldn’t have ended up as an interpreter, but it’s too late now. I couldn’t go back and begin all over again.”如果我没有获得现代语言的学位,就不会成为一名翻译,但现在为时已晚。我不能回头再重新来过了。(25) There is, of course, another side to the question of how to make the best use of one’s time at university.(25)当然,关于一个人如何最充分地利用上大学的时间,还有另外一个方面。(26) This is the case of the student who excels in a particular branch of learning.(26)某一学科中出类拔萃的学生就属于这种情况。(27) He is immediately accepted by the University of his choice, and spends his three or four years becoming a specialist, emerging with a first-class Honour Degree and very little knowledge of what the rest of the world is all about.(27)他一毕业马上就被一所他自己选中的大学所接受,再花三、四年时间成为一名专家。结果他以优异的成绩取得荣誉学位,但对外界的一切却几乎一无所知。(28) It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.(28)因此,如果要学生好好利用他们上大学的机会,就应该为他们提供大量关于课程方面更为详尽的信息和更多的的建议。这个问题显得越来越重要了。Only in this way can we be sure that we are not to have, on the one hand, a band of specialists ignorant of anything outside of their own subject,只有这样,我们才能确保:一方面,我们不会有一帮对自己学科以外的事情完全无知的专家,and on the other hand, an ever increasing number of graates qualified in subjects for which there is little or no demand in the working world.另一方面,我们不会有越来越多的毕业生具备这个工作世界很少或没有需求的学科的知识。
Think about driving a route that’s very familiar.想想在一条非常熟悉的路上开车。It could be your commutes to work, a trip into town or the way home.这可能是你去工作的路,去城里的路,或回家的路。Whichever it is, you know every twist step turn like the back of your hand.无论是什么,你都非常熟悉每一个迂回曲折。On these steps of trips it’s easy to lose concentration so that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.在这些路上,你很容易失去注意力,感觉旅途所花的时间比实际花的时间要少。This is the well-travelled road effect.这就是熟悉路途的效应。People tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.在熟悉的路途上,人们往往低估了出行所需的时间。The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention.这种效应是由我们分配注意力的方式造成的。When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly.当我们沿着一条熟悉的路线行进,我们不需要集中精力,时间似乎过得更快。And afterward, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it.后来,当我们回想起来,记忆模糊,因为我们并没有集中注意力。So we assume it was shorter.所以我们认为它更短。
今天2020考研英语二考试已经结束了,小编正在发布2020考研英语二真题及答案,现在已经整理出2020考研英语二真题及答案:阅读理解第一篇和第二篇、以及翻译部分,并公布出来,希望有助于大家。2020考研英语二真题及答案:完型答案1.tricky2.for example3.fortunately4.descirbe5.while6.task7.tolerant8.push9.inevitable10.harsh11.turn back12.however13.regret14.affect15.bond16.important17.confronted18.hard19.changing20.escape2020考研英语二真题及答案:阅读理解第一篇21.Copper and her colleague argue that a "town of culture" award would ___.A. consolidate the town city ties in BritainB. promote cooperation among Brain's townsC. increase the economic strength of Brain's townsD. focus Brain's limited resources on cultural events.22.According to paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as ______..A.a sensible compromiseB.a self-deceiving attemptC.an eye-catching bonusD.an inaccessible target23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it ______A. endeavor to maintain its imageB. meets the aspiration of its peopleC. brings its local arts to prominenceD. commits to its long-term growth24. “Glasgow” is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present ______A. a contrasting caseB. a supporting exampleC. a background storyD. a related topic25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?A. Skeptical B. Objective C. Favorable D. Critical2020考研英语二真题及答案:阅读第二篇26. which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?A. The growth in the number of cooperationsB. The general pay rise with a better economyC. Increased business opportunities for top firmsD. Close cooperation among leading economics27.Compared with their predecessors, today's CEOs are required to ___.A. foster a stronger sense of teamworkB. finance more reaserach and developmentC.establish closer ties with tech companiesD.operate more globalized companies28. CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite ____.A.continual internal oppositionB. strict corporate governanceC.conservative business strategiesD.repeated governance warnings29.High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps ___.A.confirm the status of CEOsB.motive inside candidatesC.boost the efficiency of CEOsD.increase corporate value30.The most suitable title for this text would be ___.A.CEOs Are Not OverpaidB. CEO Pay : Past and PresentC.CEOs' Challenges of TodayD.CEO Traits: Not Easy to Define2020考研英语二真题及答案:翻译部分
It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. 我们可以谴责交通阻塞、汽油价格、以及现代生活的快节奏,但马路礼貌确实越来越糟糕。Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter altogether.所有的人都知道:即便脾气最好的人在车里也会变成怪兽。老虎在油箱里还好说,可老虎若坐在驾驶员的位置上就完全是另一回事了。You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motoristis the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers” campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.你也许能够容忍在马路上横冲直闯的司机、粗鲁且不体谅人的司机,但现今文明驾驶的司机却实属罕见。(可能这需要发起一场“对其他司机友善”的运动,否则,情形会完全失控)。第二段:Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior.马路文明不仅是一种礼貌行为,还是一种良好的意识。司机需要非常冷静的头脑和好脾气才能在碰到不文明行为时克制住自己不进行报复。On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring.另一方面,些许文明行为十分有助于缓解驾车时的紧张情绪。A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions.一个友好的颔首、感谢对方礼貌行为的一个轻轻的挥手有助于形成友好宽容的氛围,But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.而这在当前的交通条件下是非常必要的。但现在,这种对礼貌表示认可的行为非常罕见。现今很多司机即使见到礼貌行为也似乎视若惘然。第三段:However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway;但是,误用礼貌同样危险。典型的事例为:司机为了让过从边路上突然出现的车而采取急刹车,却对后面的交通造成了危险。(而若不出现这种情况),本来只需几秒钟的等待,道路就会畅通无阻;or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to.或者,有人会为一个穿过斑马线的孩子让路,示意其进入行车道,但随后驶来的车辆却无法及时停车。同样,鼓励老太太随时随地横穿马路的行为也是如此。It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.我经常感到奇怪:高速公路上居然没有屡屡出现这些老太太被撞死的交通事故。第四段:A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper.一位行为无可挑剔的老司机曾告诉我:在不引起交通阻塞,从而惹怒其他司机的前提下,司机们学会逐个插入车流有助于缓解交通。Unfortunately, modern motorists can’t even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of boatmanship.但现代的驾驶员甚至不会学如何驾车,更别说掌握公路驾车技能的微妙之处了。Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.多年前专家就曾警告我们:汽车拥有量的突增要求所有马路使用者的互谅互让。现在是我们该把这项警告铭记于心的时候了。14. According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused by.[A] people’s attitude towards the road-hog[B] the rhythm of modern life[C] the behavior of the driver[D] traffic conditions[分析] 本题考核知识点:第一段主旨题。第一段第二句至段末的内容指出:好人一旦驾车也可能成为伤人的妖怪;过分大胆的司机(tiger)会造成很大的麻烦;鉴于文明驾车的司机太少的现状,为了不至于情况完全失控,有必要发起名为“对其他司机好点”的运动。这说明,形成道路问题的主要原因是司机的行为。 另外,本文其余部分全部是围绕“司机如何正确运用礼貌(politeness),以减少道路问题”进行讨论。所以,[C]为正确选项。误选[A]是因为没有正确理解You might tolerate…rule,本句旨在说明:文明驾驶的司机并不常见;而并非说明人们对于鲁莽司机的态度。[B]、 [D]舍本逐末:文章第一段提到现代生活的节奏和交通状况是为了引出道路问题的主要原因──司机的行为。15. The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog... the rule.” (Para. 1) implies that.[A] our society is unjust towards well-mannered motorists[B] rude drivers can be met only occasionally[C] the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hog[D] nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists[分析] 本题考核知识点:根据上下文理解句意。本句大意:你可以容忍古怪、粗鲁、不体谅人的司机,但现今文明驾驶的司机却实属罕见。exception to the rule 意为“例外”。[D] 是the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule的改写,表达相同的意思,所以为正确选项。[B]与事实相反。[A]、[C]文中未提及。16. By “good sense,” the writer means.[A] the driver’s ability to understand and react reasonably[B] the driver’s prompt response to difficult and severe conditions[C] the driver’s tolerance of rude or even savage behavior[D] the driver’s acknowledgement of politeness and regulations[分析] 本题考核知识点:根据上下文理解短语。根据题干关键词good sense锁定第二段第一句。由于该句是段落主题句,所以对它的理解必然基于对本段内容的把握。本段第一句指出:马路文明不仅是good manners,还是good sense。下文开始对good sense进行具体阐述。第二句说明如何对待他人不礼貌的行为:克制住自己不进行报复;第三句到段末说明如何对待他人的礼貌行为:表示理解并做出认可的反应。所以,[A]是这两方面内容的概括。[C]和[D]都只涉及一个方面的内容,不全面,[B]中“困难且严峻的条件”太笼统,“快速反应”在该段也没有提到。17. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion,.[A] road users should make more sacrifice[B] drivers should be ready to yield to each other[C] drivers should have more communication among themselves[D] drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others[分析]:本题考核知识点:细节题。根据题干中出现的关键词Experts,car-ownership explosion锁定全文倒数第二句。对本题进行判断的主要依据来自于对短语give-and-take 的理解。考生根据本合成词的构成很容易猜测出give-and-take 意为:互相让步,互相迁就(make mutual concessions),[B]中的yield to each other即为此意,所以为正确选项。18. In the writer’s opinion,.[A] strict traffic regulations are badly needed[B] drivers should apply road politeness properly[C] rude drivers should be punished[D] drivers should avoid traffic jams[分析] 本题考核知识点:作者观点题。理解作者的观点需要纵观全文。本文第二段说明司机应该礼貌驾驶并对同行的礼貌行为做出合理反应。第三段说明司机误用礼貌(misplaced politeness ) 同样危险。所以,本文是从正反两方面分析了politeness对减少道路问题的作用。properly对于作者的观点最具有概括力,所以[B]为正确选项。本文并没有从利用交通法规减少交通问题方面进行讨论,所以[A]非本文论述内容。本文也没有提及对野蛮司机的惩罚,所以[C]非正确选项。文章只在开头作为马路问题产生原因之一提及traffic jam,而并没有提到司机应该避免交通高峰以减少交通问题,所以[D]非正确选项。
1, We don't have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.1,我们不必学习如何保持心理健康,它植入在我们身上,就像我们的身体知道如何治愈伤口或修复骨折一样。2, Our mental health doesn't go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.2,我们的心理健康不会去任何地方;像云后面的太阳一样,它可以暂时隐藏起来,但它完全能够瞬间恢复。3, Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are.3,心理健康让我们能够待遭遇困难之人以同情,待痛苦之人以善意,无论是谁,都以无条件的爱待之。4, Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.4,尽管心理健康是治愈我们生活的良药,它让我们平凡的生活变得完美,正如你所见,它一直在指引你度过所有艰难的决定。5, As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.5,正如你将明白,知道心理健康是永远触手可及并值得信任,会让我们放慢脚步,活在当下,过得幸福。
每年四月都会写一篇关于如何正确做阅读精翻的文章给当年考研的小伙伴们看,以确保大家都能正确做精翻,不浪费时间,高效的复习,快速提高英语基本功。今年也不例外,下面我们就来看看考研英语阅读精翻的正确打开方式吧。所谓精翻,顾名思义,就是精确仔细的翻译,对于所有考研的学生来说,大量精翻历年的阅读理解真题文章是有效并快速提升英语基本功及阅读能力的途径。因为可以在精翻过程中巩固词汇,语法知识,练习翻译方法和技巧,提高语言组织和表达能力,更深入的理解文章的内容,丰富不同方面的背景知识,把握篇章整体结构,从而整体提升阅读的能力。所以,精翻绝对是提高英语水平、考研英语拿高分的必经之路。下面老毙就为大家介绍下正确做精翻的四个步骤:第一遍翻译不要查单词,不要翻语法书,就根据自己认识的词,自己的理解翻译,遇到生词就根据语境和上下文去推理和引申,争取推出单词和短语的含义,遇到长而难的复杂句子,要划分下句子结构,找出主从句,分清修饰成分,老毙告诉大家,尽量做到精细化分,然后再一点点的翻译,切忌这一步不要查参考书,一定要自己动手写到纸上,不能仅仅在头脑里想象,那不是做翻译,是在看翻译。第二遍翻译这一遍可以查单词了,把第一遍翻译时不认识的词和短语都查查,看看自己第一遍猜对了没有。如果猜对了,一定记住思路,以后遇到生词时就可以这样猜词义了。如果没猜对,那就从这个单词在词典中的几个意思里选择一个最符合上下文的意思放在文章中去理解。或者是根据语境,在单词基本含义的基础上,对单词的意思进行最符合上下文的推理引申。再就是第一遍分析长难句时如果有不懂的语法现象,翻翻语法书,再重新看看那个长句子到底怎么理解,也就是说在有参考书查阅的情况下再次翻译和修改,应该比第一次翻译的要好了。第三遍翻译这一次可以拿着参考答案的译文来对照了,包括答案中一些对长难句的解析都要看,看看自己欠缺在哪里,是没能根据单词的基本释义推出具体语境的意思,还是长难句理解有问题,没搞清句子结构,主从修饰关系,还是语序没有调整好,语言组织和表达的不够完美等等问题,然后一一改正并记录下来,把该背的单词短语都背下来,然后反思自己的不足,避免下次犯同样的错误,当然,在对照的时候不需要逐字逐句必须和答案完全一致,只要大致意思相同即可。但是语序调整的问题一定要注意。第四遍翻译有了前三遍的基础,相信你一定对文章内容有了很深刻的印象了,对大多数单词和句子以及翻译也都了解了,那么,忘记参考译文,重新再翻译一遍,凭自己对文章内容的理解,用自己的语言再好好翻译润色下自己译文。通常情况下,一篇文章经过这样四遍的翻译,无论是单词,短语,还是句子,你都会有很深刻的认识了,然后把该背下来的都背下来,如果一篇文章能够实打实的做到这四遍,经过一段时间的练习,阅读能力一定有很大的提高和质的飞跃。老毙有一点要提醒小伙伴们,四遍的翻译过程中,思考是最重要的,总结自己做的好的地方,思考自己的不足,不能心急,考研英语本就是个靠点滴积累,慢慢进步不能一蹴而就的科目,只有这样做精翻才是正确的打开方式,才不会浪费时间做无用功。考研使用毙考题,不用再报培训班。
最近收到了一名读者关于考研英语阅读题的反馈:今天在这里聊一聊考研英语阅读题。考研英语里面阅读题占了很大比重,可以说如果能做好阅读,考研英语就成功了一大半。那么,考研英语阅读题原文都来自哪里,难度如何?为了回答问题,我找到了今年考研英语一的阅读题原文,并对它们做了一些分析。考研英语一中与阅读有关的题目一共有四类:完形填空、阅读理解、信息匹配以及翻译题,其中完形填空有一篇文章(240-280词),阅读理解有四篇(每篇约400词),信息匹配(500-600词)和翻译题(约400词)都是一篇。也就是说,考生需要在考场上完成的阅读材料总长度接近3000词,这对阅读能力有一定的要求。下面是各个题型的文章来源:完形填空今年的完形填空题来自Psychology Today的一篇文章:Belly Fat and Your Brain,文章探讨了一个概念:流体智力(fluid intelligence),这是人的一种基础认知能力,与短期记忆以及逻辑思考等能力息息相关。作者指出,腹部脂肪的堆积会影响流体智力,她也因此强调我们要采取健康的生活方式以减少腹部脂肪的产生。这篇文章是比较常规的科普类文章,没有出现比较难的单词和句式。考研的同学也可以重点关注Psychology Today这一网站,因为去年考研有一道阅读题也出自该网站。Psychology Today虽然是一个心理学网站,但里面有各种主题的文章,包括自我提升、职场、人际关系、健康、生活技巧以及婚姻家庭等等,而且文章难度都不高,非常适合作为泛读材料。阅读题阅读第一篇文章来自英国《每日电讯报》(The Telegraph)的一篇社论,原文题目是:Passengers won't put up with ever-rising rail fares forever《每日电讯报》是英国一份很有影响力的综合性报纸,内容主要是关于英国本土的政治、商业、娱乐、体育以及社会新闻。《每日电讯报》在往年同样也有多篇文章入选考研阅读。这篇社论主要讨论了英国铁路涨价的合理性问题,并指出政府应该采取措施提高铁路服务质量,不然会对出行者不公平。这篇文章难度也不高,全篇没有出现复杂的单词和句式,总体来看比较好理解。阅读题第二篇来自于ScienceNews网站的一篇文章:How giving cash to poor families may also save trees in IndonesiaScienceNews是美国一家科普杂志,创刊于1921年,杂志主要以短文章形式介绍最新的科学以及科技进展,文章可读性很高。ScienceNews入选考研阅读的这篇文章主要谈论了一个很有意思的经济环保现象:印尼政府的扶贫计划无意之中保护了该国的森林。其中一个原因是贫困人口得到资助之后可以拿这些钱去购买粮食,而不用通过破坏森林去开垦农田。印尼的这一实践证明扶贫和环保有正相关作用。这篇文章难度也不高,平时有外刊阅读习惯的同学可以比较容易读懂。考研第三篇文章来源于《BBC历史杂志》的一篇文章:Smiling Victorians: why it’s a myth that our ancestors didn’t smile for pictures《BBC历史杂志》(BBC History Magazine)是英国一家历史期刊,致力于普及关于英国和全球的历史知识。考研节选的这篇文章探讨了一个现象:为何维多利亚时期(1837-1901)的人拍照大多板着脸,很少见到笑容?作者给出的解释是,在19世纪人们牙齿卫生状况普通不好,很少有人能拥有一口健康的白牙,因此在那时候露齿笑也被认为是一种缺少教养的行为,这也是人们拍照时很少露出牙齿的原因。这篇文章的单词难度不算高,比如第一段里面只出现了一个生词prudery(意思是“谈性色变的态度”)第三段里面也只出现了一个专业术语:daguerreotype(达盖尔银版照片),不过这一单词即使不认识也不影响句子意思的理解。第四篇相对有点难度,它来自于《洛杉矶时报》(the Los Angeles Times)的社论:Is net neutrality alive or dead? It’s hard to tell《洛杉矶时报》是美国一份很有影响力的报纸,创刊于1881,其在2016年的发行量进入全美前十名。它也是考研阅读的题源外刊之一。考研节选的这篇文章讨论了“网络中立”(net neutrality)的概念,所谓的“网络中立”是指在法律允许范围内,所有互联网用户都可以按自己的选择访问网络内容。“网络中立”要求平等对待所有互联网内容和访问,防止运营商从商业利益出发控制传输数据的优先级。比如美国电信运营商AT&T也推出了视频流媒体服务,如果AT&T利用其运营商优势将用户从Netflix 以及Apple TV导流到自己的平台上来,那么它就违背了“网络中立”原则。这篇文章比较难的地方是要弄清楚“网络中立”的概念,以及美国几个政府机构对此的立场,这需要我们平时对这类话题有一定的知识储备。信息匹配题信息匹配题来自《大西洋月刊》(The Atlantic)的一篇文章:How AI Might Actually Make Your Job Easier《大西洋月刊》也是美国一本知名度很高的杂志,上面经常可以看到一些深度长文,讨论文学、政治、科学与艺术等话题。这篇文章主要讨论了AI是否会导致员工失业的问题,这也是近年来的一个热点话题。跟传统观点不同,作者认为AI并不会导致大规模失业;相反,AI还能让人类工作效率更高,有助于员工发挥他们自身价值。这篇文章单词和句式也比较简单,理解起来不难。翻译题翻译题的文章来源比较特殊:它来自于一篇教育学论文,作者是Martin Trow,论文主要讨论二战后高等教育的发展情况。翻译题选取的句子对语法基础有一定的要求,比如其中有这样一个句子:And the demand that rose in those societies for entry to higher ecation extended to groups and strata that had not thought of going to university before the war.句子主干是:the demand extended to groups and strata,that rose in those societies这一部分是定语从句,先行词是demand,for entry to higher ecation作为后置定语修饰demand,that had not thought of going to university before the war这一部分也是定语从句,修饰groups and strata,strata这个单词一些同学可能有点陌生,它是stratum的复数形式,意思是“社会阶层”。句子的意思是:而且接受高等教育的需求在那些社会兴起,这些需求也触达了一些社会群体和阶层,这部分人在二战前从未想过去读大学。通过对上面考研阅读题源的分析,我们可以得到几个结论:(1)考研阅读的题源文章来源多样,外刊占据了极大比重,因此我们平时要保持外刊阅读的习惯,可以重点关注Psychology Today, The Telegraph, The Atlantic以及The Economist这几本外刊。(2)平时可以多关注一些社科类热点话题,比如互联网、AI、反垄断、共享经济等等,这样在遇到相关题材的文章时比较容易理解。(3)强化语法,加强长难句分析的能力,避免在阅读中出现读不懂长难句的问题。
大家好,本人是今年2020年应届毕业的一枚医学生,本科是浙江省重点医学院校,今年考研也报了本校。从大三开始就关注了小白考研,收货颇丰,然而今年的考研也是踩了不少坑。为了让接下来考研的学弟学妹们少走点弯路,接下来想给大家分享一下我考研期间自己觉得好的英语学习方法,以及有些需要注意的地方。我的考研英语一的成绩是66分,不算好,四六级是大一上下就过了,四级528六级447,后来太懒了一直没有报名去参加英语六级去刷分,以至于周围一大堆好朋友都上了550甚至有些人都上了600,而我还是原地踏步。对于大家来说,英语六级是越高越好,所以希望还没考研的学弟学妹趁着时间充裕多去刷分,分数越高越好。毕竟这年头,哪个导师不希望自己的学生英语超级6,看文献写综述的时候可以轻轻松松呢。1关于词汇词汇可以说是考研英语中最重要的部分,要从第一天记到最后一天,每天都要记,不能断!我是从大四下开始复习考研英语的,也就是2019年三月的时候。买到的第一本书就是朱伟老师的恋恋有词,每天看一章恋恋有词的单词配合一下对应的视频课。在此吐槽一下,朱伟老师创立韦林后的恋恋有词废话非常多,之后,我和周围同学就一起看了朱伟老师之前在新东方时候的课程,还是干货满满的。大概到了五月份后,我就不再浪费时间看视频课了,就开始单单看书里面的词汇。 到了后期七月份的时候,换过1575、张剑黄皮书里面的词汇,最后还换到考研英语红宝书。可以说,人在往往面对一本空白的新书是很焦虑的,所以到十月我还是回去继续看恋恋有词。说句实在话,如果可以把恋恋有词配合朱伟老师课堂上的单词笔记好好利用好好记忆,反复来回背,其实很够了。我犯的错误就是买的单词书太多,买过来不用又不舒服,用了也没好处。所以在此想告诉大家,单词书,一本就够了。关于词汇书我早该知道的事:坚持一本书,用到终点线。在这里顺便推荐一下大家可能知道的比较少的记单词APP,叫做“不背单词”,里面有个可以导入词汇书的功能。2长难句长难句可能是大家很头疼的一个东西,往往是一篇考研阅读题目中出题的关键所在!关于长难句,我其实并没有下很多功夫。前期对自己似乎有蜜汁自信,后期吃了它不少的亏!后来由于时间紧迫,来不及系统学习了,主要就是在做考研阅读真题试卷的时候,遇到自己读不懂的句子然后把它好好切分。唐迟老师在讲阅读真题课的时候也会提到一些难的句子,可以在试卷旁边做笔记。还有一个就是何凯文老师的公众号,他会有每日一句,如果可以每天坚持下去,一定会有很好的效果。关于长难句我早该知道的事:基础好的同学也不要轻视,因为这往往是阅读答题的关键所在。基础不好的同学一定要早早上心,系统学习,英语的学习是从来不在乎你多早开始的。3阅读阅读无疑是考研英语的大头,占40分,所谓赢阅读者赢天下,这个真的是一点错也没有!对于考研英语的阅读,一定要重视真题。就拿今年2019年英语一的四篇英语阅读来说,每一篇都可以从2015-2019年的英语真题里找到相似类型的阅读,并且词汇重复率极高。在考场上我的感觉就是,我为什么不好好再研究研究近五年的真题。我是很早开始就比较重视阅读了,在这里强烈推荐张剑黄皮书,每个考研儿人手必备的神器。我从2019年三月份开始做了98年到04年的早期的英语真题试卷,由于时间尚早,所以相对来说可以做一做,但是由于年代久远,实际上对于近年来的考研英语帮助并不大。对98-04年的考研英语真题我的意见就是,可做可不做。做了就当练手,不做也没什么关系。我周围很多朋友就是从05年开始做起的05-10年刷个两次,然后后期重点就是反复研究10-19年的英语真题。做英语阅读不是单纯的做英语阅读,每一篇阅读要掐好时间做了——订正后思考再去原文找依据——在题目周围写下一次做阅读的注意事项并且明白自己这一次做错的原因——最后整篇文章全文翻译记笔记。可以说,实际上做一篇英语阅读是相当费时间的,但是一定要一步一步慢慢来,就像唐迟老师说的“慢慢来,比较快”。阅读除了推荐张剑黄皮书,视频课推荐唐迟老师的阅读真题课,还有就是十月份何凯文老师推出的“五夜十篇”,五夜十篇会带你重点分析近年来的考研英语阅读趋向,带你解读题意。关于阅读我早该知道的事:阅读如果可以每天练是最好的。在十一月那会我经常隔了一星期没有去做过英语阅读。这让我在突然拿到一篇阅读的时候一下子没有了手感,所以在十二月一度心态有点崩。阅读还有一个原则就是,主题为王,一切细节都服从主题。记住这句话,会在你即使看不太明白文章每句话的时候也可以做对题。我在考场上一度很紧张,纠结一些题目的时候,就是靠这个来确定最终答案。3完型、翻译、新题型新题型、翻译和完型共占30分,这三块我准备的比较晚,七月开始做完型,十二月开始接触新题型和翻译。为什么这么晚才练翻译和新题型呢,因为新题型看着累,翻译懒得动笔写字。如果可以坐时光机,我一定要回去好好敲打自己。完型的话其实我就是靠语感,对我来说没什么技巧可言,这对平时练习比较有利,一般来说我完型可以拿到8/9分,但是今年考研的考场上我突然开始推理,犹豫不决,导致最后完型得分是4.5。我认为,平时该怎么做就还是怎么做吧。并且其实完型还是蛮有规律的,基本上ABCD在题目中的分布是平均的,每五个之间基本是有ABCD+(A/B/C/D),可以自己去做做看。翻译我当时买了小白拼团的翻译神器好像,同时还看了刘晓燕老师的救命班视频课,所以最后考试的时候还是顺利翻出来了。平时口头翻译每一篇英语阅读的习惯也对我做翻译是十分有好处的,所以最后翻译并没有很吃力。新题型可能是分数最不定、也是充满套路的一个题型,做得好了满分,做不好了全错的可能都有。可以看看老师的视频课,听听技巧。但归根结底,词汇不好什么技巧什么套路都无济于事,所以大家还是要把词汇基础给打得牢牢的,后面才可以好好运用这些套路。关于三小块我早该知道的事:开始的时间要早一点,不要盲信一些学长学姐和你说的晚一点没关系,早一点开始不是更好吗!4作文英语一的大作文20分,小作文10分。作文我是十月中旬开始准备,开始是背了王江涛老师的作文,但是到后期开始发现,大家都背王老师的作文,到考场上要是和别人一模一样不是凉了吗。后来关注小白公众号,应该是趁着双十一有很大的优惠力度,拼了小白的作文还有政治等等。不得不说,小白的那本作文编写的还是很不错的,基本上是手把手教你写作文的首段,中间段和结尾,很多替换的词汇也是帮你准备好了,选择自己喜欢的就好了,而且这本书很薄,不会让你有太大的压力。基本上,靠着这本书整理好了自己的模板,这样上考场算是比较轻松了。关于作文我早该知道的事:早点开始准备的自然更好,不至于后期手忙脚乱。作文就是多背多写,模板一定要是自己的,多背诵后整理了自己的东西,便是最好的。