18年考研英语一新题型

在这个信息爆炸的时代，你想找到捷径，想要获取做题技巧和方法太容易！你可以…搜经验贴，找学姐，报辅导班！所有能获取到方法的途径都没有放过！可是…你貌似看了很多经验贴，咨询了很多高分学姐，看了很多名师网课…看着一篇新题型,所有的经验贴，方法技巧还是用不上。那么到底应该如何做英语新题型更高效？首先给大家科普一下近10年新题型考的什么:从历年的数据来看，英语一主要考查的题型是排序题、七选五，英语二主要考查的题型是多项对应以及小标题对应；再来具体的给大家说一下这四种题型怎么做：T1：排序题排序题在所有新题型中算比较难的，偏偏10年后考查的频率更高，排序干扰项比较多，而且错一个基本就是两个都错，所以是丢分的大项！解题技巧：1.通篇了解全文，确定文章的主题词，文章是否有时间线，地点转移等逻辑2.先要从给出的已知段落下手，了解这段文字的大意，把首句尾句的名词性短语和谓语动词这些标出来，这样方便推断前后段3.排序题的首段都是语境和背景介绍，所以一般不会出现thus, therefore，because这种衔接词，可以按照着这个套路先把首句找出来4.关于其他几个选项，重点就是分析句首和句尾的主语，谓语，衔接词，还有前后段出现的复义词以及同义替换词，根据衔接词判断它在前还是在后。5.如果无法确定的两个选项，就用两个选项的首尾句套进去真题分析：1.通篇了解文章，很多选项中都出现了EEOB这个简称，专有名词一定会先有交代它的全称，再出现简称，所以E选项应该是第一；2.还有基本上每段都有时间，根据时间线，我们可以大致把G ，A, B的先后顺序排出来3.然后从给出的C 和F段入手，精读首尾句，段中的衔接词，时间，地点，主语等名词标记出来，方便推理前后段；T2：七选五不管是英语一还是英语二，七选五都会遇到，相对而言，七选五比排序题简单，但是比小标题要难一点！解题技巧：1.浏览各个选项，了解各个选项的内容，标出选项中的定位词，代词，名词，形容词以及实词比如：定冠词the +n.,一般都是上文都会出现2.通读全文，精读每一段的首尾句，了解文章大致内容3.注意选项在空格前后文中出现的复义词，同义词，选出可能性答案4.把可能性答案带入原文中，结合上下文分析A：空格在结尾一般都是总结或过度句；空格在段落中间，需要上下文结合B：看选项的主语是否与上下文一致，这可以快速排除其他选项C：注意空格前后句的情感基调，比如but, however等转折词，在空格选择的时候应该选择相反的情感，还有and ,also等并列词，选择的时候应该选择感情并列的句子或词组。真题分析：2012年考研英语一真题T3：多项对应多项对应就类似于七选五，但是比七选五更简单一些解题技巧：1.看左边的题干，全部题干都要看，圈定位词找专有名词，普通名词，动词，形容词和副词2.顺序通读，找定位词3.对应选项，比较细节T4：小标题对应小标题对应这一类题型算是比较简单的题型，英语二的题型会考查到，主要就是概括段落，做这一类题最重要的就是找中心句或者文中反复出现的词组！解题技巧：1.浏览各个选项，圈关键词，初步推测文章的大致内容2.按顺序，边读边选，找出所考段落的中心句，一般是段首段尾，如果选项和段首段尾存在相同的词，同义词可以选为备选项3.做判断，找匹配点光看复义词可能会存在几个选项都有的情况，所以要具体分析选项的含义和原段的逻辑具体判断。主要考的逻辑有转折让步，因果，条件等，比如but/yet/however/although/on the contrary/because/even if等词，重点分析后面主语和选项的逻辑是否匹配真题分析：A. Be presentB. Just say itC. Ask for an opinionD. Find the＂me too＂sE. Name, places, thingsF. skip the small talkG. Pay a unique compliment2018考研英语二真题以上就是给大家总结的考研英语新题型的解题方法，技巧是死的，最重要的是融入到真题中活学活用，通过以上的套路整理出自己解题的一套方法~考研倒计时19天！加油！

今天来给大家说说考研英语的新题型部分，这个题会做的人觉得超简单，不会做的人觉得超崩溃，就是这么极端。新题型主要考查什么？（1）英语一大纲：阅读理解B节（新题型）主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。本节有3种备选题型。每次从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查：A.在一篇总长度为500~600的文章中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字。要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。（七选五）B.在一篇长度约500~600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱。要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落（7~8个）重新排序，其中有2~3个段落在文章中的位置已给出。（排序题）C.在一篇长度约500词的文章前或后有6~7段文字或6~7个概括句或小标题。这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括、阐述或举例。要求考生根据文章内容，从这6~7个选项中选出最恰当的5段文字或5个标题填入文章的空白处。（小标题）（2）英语二大纲：本节有两种备选题型。每次考试从这两种题型中选择其中的一种形式，或者两种形式的组合进行考查。备选题型包括：①多项对应：本节为一篇长度为450~550词的文章，试题内容分为左右两栏，左侧一栏为5道题目，右侧一栏为7个选项。要求考生在阅读后根据文章内容和左侧一栏中提供的信息从右侧一栏中的7个选项中选出对应的5项相关信息。②小标题对应：在一篇长度为450~550词的文章前有7个概括句或小标题。这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括或阐述。要求考生根据文章内容和篇章结构从这起个选项中选出最恰当的5个概括句或小标题填入文章空白处。（同英语一小标题）（3）大纲解读：英语一新题型看似有三个题型，但本质上没有什么大的不同，都是命题人先找到一篇完整有序的文章，然后要么挖几个空（让你补充完整），要么把顺序打乱（让你还原），要么去掉它的小标题（让你补充完整）。就像玩魔方一样，先把原本按照一定规律排列组合的内容打乱，然后让你把它还原。归根结底，无论哪个题型，解题关键都是“理清上下文之间的关系”。英语二多项对应题和传统阅读比较接近，小标题对应和英语一新题型类似。新题型的解题关键是什么？（1）寻找语段特征词。语段特征词就是能够体现连贯性和一致性的词语（常见的语段特征关系有：转折、让步、对比、并列、递进、举例、原因、结果、目的、条件、总结，对此《考研真相》2008年P31-P32页有语段特征词总结）。对于七选五和排序题而言，通过语段特征词，我们可迅速判断上下文之间有什么联系，进而实现快速解题。（《考研真相》语段特征词表格）（2）归纳段落主旨。小标题主要考查段落主旨，故我们可通过语段特征词快速判断段落结构，找到该段的论述中心，归纳主旨，进而得出正确答案。特别说明：常见的考研英语文章的段落结构或语段特征——A.总分结构；B.分总结构；C.总分总结构；D.因果结构；E.转折结构；F.让步结构。其中，实例作为论据必然是为论点服务的，文章的重心应该是论点，所以举例关系实际上也是一种总分关系。怎么提高新题型的答对率？（1）分析语段特征词，快速解题。总共有两个角度：①看原文，寻找分析空格前后语段特征词；②看选项，寻找分析选项中语段特征词。找到语段特征词之后，判断其是否适合快速解题，如果适合，则根据语段特征词表示的上下文关系快速找到答案。（2）理清空格前后逻辑，回文精解。对于剩下的试题，分析原文空格前后信息和逻辑，判断空格所填内容，浏览备选项，进行匹配验证。特别说明：因为已经通过“快速解题”确定了其中几个试题的答案，剩下试题可供选择的选项范围也变小了（相当于第一步已经帮第二步排除了几个干扰项），加上回文精解需要阅读的内容也大幅减少了，所以解题的难度就降低了，答对率也会有所提升。需要说明的是，这个方法和我们之前的做题习惯不太一样，可能不是很好适应。但真正熟练之后，就可以跳过很多无关信息，做题速度和答对率能够得到很大提升。（《考研真相》“七选五”和“排序题”（《考研真相》“小标题”解题方法）（《考研真相》新题型解题示例）先看方法，然后再做题中多运用，熟练之后，正确率就上来啦~用到的书就是图上说的《考研真相》，这本真题书很详细，每个句子都有图解分析，解题方法也很系统，很实用，希望可以帮到大家

从2005考研英语改革开始，考研英语新题型其实我们已经不陌生了。考研英语新题型是什么？其实总结一下就是阅读的段落大意题，不管是7选5（选句填空）、排序题还是段落标题选择题，考察的内容都是从一个方向出发的，就是考察你的逻辑思维、文章结构的理解以及对段落的总结。我们就从做新题型的步骤、技巧来看看考研英语新题型是什么？该怎么做？做题步骤：一.7选5（选句填空）题①读文章首段，为了先了解文章的大意，是讲什么内容的。②读选项，可以把选项都翻译成中文，备注在旁边。这样做题的时候，看中文反应就会快点~③根据各个空白处的所在位置，看空白处的上下文，要根据上下文的逻辑思路、语义来选择最适合的答案。④将所选选项带回原文，通读一遍。二.排序题①读文章首段，了解文章的主旨。②浏览各个选项，重点阅读各段首末句，概括出选项的大意，从而明确整个文章大致内容。③根据各个段落的逻辑关系给选项排序。④把所选的顺序通读一遍，看看全文的逻辑性是否一致。三.小标题选择题①先通读各个选项，从选项中推断出相关段落的大致内容。②细读段落，抓住每个主题句、词，正确答案常常是主题句的改写。③将从段落中提炼的主题句和选项对比，选出答案。做题技巧1.注意文章或选项中的代词在做这类题目的时候，一定要注意文中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，因为我们知道，代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的内容，我们要做的就是从选项中找出含有相应内容的句段。2.注意语段特征关系（《考研真相》书中总结的语段特征关系，大家可以参考下）考研英语新题型是什么？难不难？我想只要认真做题、掌握思路和技巧。新题型会是为你的英语添分的大项！考研英语新题型是什么？以上我的一些经验，希望能帮助到复习准备考研英语的学弟学妹们~最后给大家分享一份我的必备考研英语书单，需要资料的小伙伴可以参考下~基础薄弱专用——太阳城考研英语3件套单词书：《非常词汇》用600句子记单词，加深印象更好理解。真题书：《考研真相》（英二考研圣经）基础薄弱专用、一词一句精解。《写作160篇》（英二写作宝中宝）常用作文的各个部分都总结的很全，还有思路及语言突破法则可以学习。张国静团队的网课：今年挺多人推荐的，你可以关注下微信公众号闪过英语，里面有试听~基础好、考名校必用——尖刀侠3件套单词书：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按照重要程度划分必考词+基础词+偶考词+超纲词，根据自己的情况，背诵单词。真题书：尖刀侠《考研英语真题倍速快解》一个题型对应一种模板，步骤固定，可以直接套用，帮你节省做题时间，提高解题的正确率。作文书：尖刀侠《考研英语高分作文36法则》用36个高分作文句式突破的方法，突破高分作文。张国静团队网课，推荐量挺高的，用的人挺多的。

目前，2019年考研英语的大纲已经公布了，对比18年的考研英语大纲，可以发现在作文部分大纲的内容作了部分修改，今年考研的学生要重点关注一下。以下是英语一和英语二的对比变化。先看英语一18年考研英语一大纲作文部分19年考研英语一大纲作文部分测试要点由原来的书面表达变成了现在更具体的要求，比如写说明体、议论性文章。除此之外，其余各部分内容都基本没有变化。再看英语二18年考研英语二大纲作文部分19年考研英语二大纲作文部分变化内容与英语一基本一致。测试要点由原来的书面表达变成了现在更具体的要求，比如写说明体、议论性文章。除此之外，其余各部分内容都基本没有变化。这样的变化实际上是对考研英语作文的考察目标有了更清晰的定位，对于考生的复习来说基本不受影响。在整个考研英语备考过程中，阅读理解和作文是分数占比最多的两个题型，考生在备考时要特别注意多花一些时间。有的学生会依赖于作文模板，学习考研帮建议大家不要过度依赖范文模板，这样有扎堆的风险，最后却得不了高分。考研作文最重要的是契合主题，千万不要跑题，按照文体要求写，不要过分追求长难句，简单句为主，不容易出错。注意书写和格式，这样更容易拿高分。另外是阅读理解题型，考生要多下功夫，养成做题的习惯，培养自己的做题感觉，争取提升自己的正答率和做题速度。考研英语一直都是很多考生的短板，按照自己的情况，多花时间复习，找到适合自己的做题方法。考研人，加油。

英语一中的新题型分为了四种考察方式，分别是填空式阅读、排序题、给出文段选标题和给出标题选文段，后两种可以合称为标题内容搭配题。填空式阅读，其实也就是完形填句，或者是完形填段落，出题形式是：文章篇幅500字左右，将文章中挖出五个地方，要求咱们根据文章内容，把之后6-7段，一般都是7段文字中选择5段，分别放在文章挖出的5个空白处。空白的位置不固定，可能是段首句挖空，可能是段中句，也可能是段末句挖空，也有可能是挖出一整个段落。首段一般不命题，这样可以让我们知道这篇文章主旨大意是什么，就算首段命制题目了，那题目前面的信息也能够给出来中心思想是什么。填空式阅读除了考查咱们能否抓住文章中心之外，更主要考查的就是对于这篇文章整个的衔接机制、结构层次和脉络框架。所以我们才能够顺利排除2个干扰选项，并且把剩下的5个选项按照正确顺序填到原文的五个空中。填空式阅读，因为其对文章整体衔接和脉络要求较高，所以难度上也应该是三种形式中最为大的。既然这种新题型的形式主要考查的就是对于文章衔接的把握，那我们主要就从衔接上去入手。我们做题时，首先要看第一段和前两段，判断一下这篇文章的主旨中心。知道文章中心后，可以接着看7个选项，也就是7个段落。标记出7个段落里的明显的一些衔接机制，比如逻辑关系，比如数字地点信息，比如指代词，尤其要注意的每个选项的第一句话的意思。之后回到原文，回原文的时候，只需要看空格前一句和后一句即可，不用大范围的去理解文中的信息。如果空格是段落末句的话，我们看空格前面一句的信息，和前面一句信息要构成衔接;如果空格是段落首句的话，我们主要看段落后面一句的信息，要能够和后面一句构成衔接;如果是空格出现在段中的话，我们要看空格前一句和后一句，主要是能够和前一句构成衔接;如果是单独挖出来的一段，让咱们填写一段的内容，咱们就要看空格的上段末句和下段首句，主要和上段末句构成衔接。在做题的时候，因为我们已经看了每个选项的第一句话了，而新题型里也可能会出现上一句信息和选项中有原词复现的情况，我们也可以利用原词复现来判断。最后检查的时候，我们既可以看填好这个空的选项有没有和上一句构成衔接，更重要的是有没有和下一句构成衔接。排序题英一这几年考过三次，但是排序题其实考查的也是个衔接。我们也可以利用指代和逻辑关系，判断各段之间的衔接关系。通常排序题会给出来两段，位置是固定好的，我们只需要把剩下的五段填进去就可以了。首先，如果文章没有给出来首段，我们应该看一下每段的开头，判断哪段可以作为首段出现。这里的方法也比较多，比如很明显这个段落段首有逻辑关系，比如然而、但是、并且，就说明上文肯定有内容，故不能作为首段出现;再比如第一句话里出现指代词，就说明上文肯定有还原，所以也不可能作为首段出现。判断完首段之后，我们需要看的是给出的固定段落的段首句和段末句，利用之前说的衔接机制判断顺序。最后在进行检查。标题内容搭配题应该是这三种形式最为简单的。这几年出现这种形式，也是考查的给出段落内容选标题，即给出论据选择论点。所以我们做题时也对应这种方式。首先看首段判断中心，再看7个选项判断含义，接着一一对应选择答案。英一新题型最主要的，也是最难的可能就是填空式阅读，大家在复习时一定要注意各种衔接机制。中公考研研究生原创作品，转载请注明出处!推荐阅读爆，二战考生，如何科学备考2019金融专硕考研：全方位直击金融专硕考研院校河南中公考研将为大家及时提供相关资讯。另外，为了帮助考生更好地复习，你还可以关注：河南中公考研价值６９９元四级＼六级网课免费拿：微信关注：河南中公考研回复四六级　即可获取考研菌大大，会及时提供福利给大家。同时，河南中公考研一直为大家推出考研直播课堂，足不出户就可以边听课边学习，为大家的考研梦想助力

考研英语新题型之所以“新”，是因为它是从2005年开始加入到我们考研英语试卷的考查当中来，并于2006年进行了改革。新题型在考研英语试卷中，被称为阅读理解Part B，和阅读理解Part A传统阅读比起来，必然有所不同。传统阅读解题的关键在于根据技巧定位到解题的句子，读懂句子;而新题型中，需要考生选出的答案是能够和文章的上下文衔接起来，它的关键在于衔接，因此，备考新题型，可以从衔接关系入手。在新题型中，常考的衔接关系有以下四种，我们今天先来学习其中两种：词汇衔接和指代关系衔接。一、词汇衔接词汇衔接，指的是根据文章上下文中词汇的复现。这里的词汇，往往都是实词(名词、动词、形容词、副词)，可以是原词，也可以是同义词或近义词。词汇复现一般都是至少有两个词的意群或者出现两个及两个以上的实词。只出现一个词的时候需要注意一下，如果文章中到处都出现了这个词，很可能是文章的核心词。我们在找词汇衔接的时候，要关注空格前一句和选项首句的词汇复现，选项末句和空格后半部分的复现。找复现衔接的时候，一定要认真仔细，要考虑到会出现同义词复现的情况。二、指代关系衔接指代关系在传统阅读当中经常辅助我们解题，在新题型解题过程中，指代关系也发挥着重大的作用。一般在我们考研英语当中，我们利用指代关系解题，往往关注的是第三人称指代，比如he，she，it，they。这里需要注意，在我们考研英语阅读中，she出现的次数较少，it除了可以作为指代关系出现，也可能是作为形式主语在句子中充当成分或是它所在的句子是强调句式，大家需要特别关注一下。此外，this/that/these/those+n.，这几个指示代词加名词也是指代关系。我们除了关注这几个指示代词，也要看清后面接的名词到底是什么东西。最后一种是the/such+n.，这也是考研英语中常出现的。当文章中出现了指代关系，说明上文一定提到过。我们需要关注选项首句中出现的指代，看能否在空格前对应上;如果空格后第一句出现指代，我们则需要关注我们的选项后半部分是否出现了所指的那个或那些名词。这就是新题型当中考的衔接关系中的两种，希望这篇文章对于大家的新题型备考有所帮助。

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

经过漫长艰辛的备考，考研复习已经进入了冲刺阶段，复习的策略有了相应的改变，考研党们应该按照自己的规划继续努力，而对于很多人来说，考研英语就是考研路上的拦路虎，投入了不少的复习时间，新题型是在考研英语中独特的存在，虽是阅读的一部分，但是却有所不同，一般是7个选项选5个答案，而且新题型出题方式灵活，考研党在冲刺阶段要总结并熟练运用其中的解题技巧。，首先，要学会利用原文与选项的词汇复现关系，也就是在原文与选项中，有些词语以原词或近义词的形式重复出现，则要注意，因为这些词汇常常是用来衔接上下文，可以用来能够判断出上下文的情况，值得注意的是，我们要注意的复现词汇一般是实词，而不是介词、冠词，这些复现词汇既可以是一个单词，也可以是一个意群。除了词汇复现关系，还要注意指代关系，指代关系是一种明显的上下文的衔接，在选项前面有指示代词，我们要特别关注，指示代词一般出现在选项开始，或原文空格后的位置，注意寻找相应的指代内容。逻辑关系词衔接也是解题的切入点，当选项中出现逻辑关系词时，一般在暗示着我们可能是选项的需要，我们则要以这些逻辑关系词作为突破点，在原文中寻找匹配的信息，筛选答案。此外，与传统阅读不同，在新题型解题中，可以先做性对比较容易的题目，然后缩小范围，从而提高准确率。

下面是李玉技老师版本的新题型的解题技巧，对新题型的掌握还不是很好的童鞋们，马住看起来！最后再再啰嗦一下，新题型真的不难的，所以就是能拿到的分尽量都去拿到。新题型无非就那么几个题型，学学解题技巧，多练练真题，一般问题是不大的，不说全对吧，一半以上的分是没问题的。前提是，真的有用心练习的哈。还有最后的几天，大家继续加油！