2010年考研英语一

考研四科：政治、英语、专业课一（或数学）、专业课二。其中英语一直都是考生眼中的重中之重，并且对很多人来说，这里的“重”甚至不是指分数尽可能的高，而仅是到达国家线！如今，初试已经落幕，但众多考生的心却是开始提了起来，在难度如此出人意料的情况下，英语国家单科线会是多少？它有下降的可能吗？空口白话，只凭感觉，毫无意义。让我们先来看一组数据（历年考研英语一A区国家线）：从大的趋势上看，英语单科线无疑是一直在上涨。但相邻来看，它又一直处于变动之中。这种变动究竟是由哪些因素引起的？我们如何推断今年英语单科线会涨还是会落？两点：一：考研人数国家历年招收的研究生人数无疑是早有规划的，因此将国家线划到哪个多少也不是有规律，而是根据百分比来定，因此考研人数就成了确定表中的一个重要变量。2017年至2021年研究生招生考试报名人数依次为：201万、238万、290万、341万、377万，今年相较去年上涨36万人。二、试题难度或许我们应该把试题难度视为确定英语单科国家线的决定性因素。2017年至2020年，考研英语一难度系数依次为：0.541、0.532、0.539、0.556。这里为大家稍微解释一下所谓的「难度系数」。通俗地说，60%的考生做对这道题，这道题的难度系数就是0.6，难度系数越小，代表难度越大。今年考研英语难度系数根据初步分析，约为0.518。无愧于近几年难度最高之名。2019年相较于2018年报名人数上涨52万，试题难度系数变化极小，各专业国家线普遍较大幅度上涨。2020年相较于2019年报名人数上涨51万，试题难度系数略有降低，各专业国家线普遍小幅度上涨，部分保持不变。而今年，相较于2020年报名人数上涨仅36万，试题难度系数增长较大。由此不难推断：英语单科国家线几乎不会上涨，有一定可能下降。但必须提醒的是，这个下降幅度不可能很大，根据人数变化及试题难度系数变推断，这个幅度很难超过3分。因此估分相较于去年国家线稍有不足的同学无需太过慌乱，而那些估分已经达到去年国家线标准的同学更是可以先放松一口气了。

考研英语刚刚结束，就立马上了热搜，很多同学纷纷反馈考研英语今年难出了新高度，考场上一度怀疑自己是不是拿错了试卷。更有同学表示自己二战生，做了20年的考研英语试卷，从来没有遇到过像今年这么难的年份 ，更是有很多同学表示考完英语觉得自己过不了线了，都不想去参加数学和专业课的考试了，那么考研英语的难度到底如何呢？真的像很多同学反映了这样很难吗，还是说有些同学夸大事实给自己没有好好复习找借口呢？有很多同学表示今年的考研英语是十年内最难的，难度甚至要超过了2010年的考研英语，2010年的考研英语我们都知道当年的英语确实很难，很多同学考完英语就哭了，尤其是当年的考研英语作文，其中“文化火锅”的题难倒一片考生很多同学都不知道该怎么入手，还有同学不知道火锅怎么写。如果有同学做过2010年的考研，英语的题也应该能够感受到当年的英语确实是很难的。2010年考研英语作文就2021年的考研英语来说，很多同学反映阅读特别难，其中阅读第一篇和阅读第二篇还相对能够看懂，第三篇和第四篇就完全看不懂了，尤其是第四篇很多单词都不认识，其中翻译也非常难，单词都认识但是就是不知道表达什么意思。有些同学甚至调侃说英语二考的英语一的题，英语一考的是专八的题。尤其是第四篇阅读，设计大量专有名词、大写词组，甚至有一些水平比较高的同学，也感慨今年的英语非常难，而且难就难在你就算能看懂文章意思，但是你还是不知道该怎么选。对于单词量不够的同学就更难了，有些同学真的拿出一张图来举例子。表示做今年的考研英语就相当于看下面这张图。从考生反馈来看，今年的英语确实是很难的，但是对于考生来说也不要灰心丧气，很多情况下你觉得没有考好只是你个人的感觉，刚考完有同学过分，自己连60分都到不了，但是等到分数出来之后发现居然有70多分，所以不要太过于失望，最终成绩出来之后也许会给你惊喜。况且就算英语很难，那么相应的大家都难，最终国家线也会下降的。对很多同学来说考研英语也没必要考那么高的分数，不是所有的学校都要求55分甚至60分的，考40分对于有些专业来说已经足够了，只要过了国家线那么一切就都还有机会，记住千万不要放弃。

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

关注百家，分享更多法考、考研资料今年被誉为“史上最难考研年”，其中考研英语等话题很快就抢占热搜，不少考生直呼这次考研英语太难，今天小编想跟大家聊一聊这个“最难”难在哪些地方。一、总体分析相比2019年考研英语一的题目，2020年试卷难度相较去年略有上升，但是考察的主体内容基本总体没有超纲。完形填空，考察主题内容和我们日常生活息息相关，词汇相对基础总体不超纲，但是各个单项部分的难度有一些变化。完形填空的难度是较近几年有所提升的；阅读理解A部分前两篇文章的难度大，后两篇的难度小一点，很多时候不是读懂了题目就做得出来；新题型虽然考到了相对比较容易的小标题，但是很多人没有顺着出题者的思维去考虑造成了一些理解上的偏差；翻译部分的文章总体比较容易理解，句型结构考察和前几年基本一致，但可能主题词renaissance文艺复兴给部分同学造成了理解偏差；小作文考到了活动通知notice。大作文是双图对比《好习惯》，平时练习了的还有背诵一些模板的话还是比较容易写的。二、各部分分析1.英语知识运用2020年英语一完形填空所选取的文章主题“烤过的食物会对健康造成危害”，这个话题其实是很贴近我们的日常生活的，很多人都很喜欢吃烧烤类的东西，所以相对而言还是比较好理解的。整篇文章看下来，没有很多专业性的词汇，题目和选项中也没有超纲词。考察大家的还是对于词汇的辨析以及上下文逻辑推理能力，这也给咱们的2021的同学提个醒，考研英语考察了大家的英语综合能力，这离不开平时的日积月累。2.阅读理解2020年英语一的四篇阅读分别是英国的城镇文化奖项、科研出版业的盈利、女性政策以及法国向美国互联网巨头征收数字化税。其中在40道题目中有14道细节题，2道情感态度题，1道主旨题，1道段落推断题，2道例证题。其中Text1文章存在一定难度，非英语专业的人其实对于英国乡镇文化的话题了解比较少，而Text2、3、4难度适中。其中Text 3；Text 4都是考研英语之前常考话题，主题词明确。2020年英语一的新题型考的是一篇《关于眼神交流的作用研究》的小标题题，没有考排序以及选句填空，这个题目难度适中，一定程度上是大家比较容易拿分的部分。针对2021的考生来说新题型的备考大家不用过度担心，几种题型都做好备考的话，做题会好很多。3.翻译2020英语一试卷中的翻译文章《文艺复兴的终结，新的理性时代的到来》，本篇文章总体难度适中，这次次翻译依旧是考察了定语结构，状语结构，同位语从句，宾语从句；被动句等往年必考句型，其实在翻译过程中主要是一些长难句的理解，句子长而且有一些单词很难懂，造成了整体意思的错误。由于英式思维和中式思维的不同，英语中很多涉及名词的使用，而中文则是喜欢用动词，在翻译的时候需要把名词翻译成动词的形式，这样才能更符合中文的表达习惯。这次翻译考察的主要是文学历史题材，尤其是一些专有名词的认识，比如文艺复兴（Renaissance），地心说理论（geo-centric）等对一些工科的学生来说难度比较大，建议21的考生在备考的时候也要适当积累一些外国文化背景知识。4.写作小作文考察的是通知（notice），也是咱们考纲规定的应用文类型之一。格式准确，单词语法少错误，再穿插几个从句在里面基本上可以完成。大作文今年考察的是双图，副标题是习惯。一个小女孩今日事今日毕，另外一个小男孩老想拖延。大作文可以写时间管理、效率、习惯、坚持等都是切合主题，没有偏题的。相对于阅读来说，作文应该是比较简单的了，其实每年考研英语的作文话题都是比较常考的，只要是积累了相应的词汇、语句和适当的练习，作文就算拿不到高分也不会低。2020考研已经结束，2021的考生们要接力好哦！

考研英语复习资料用什么？其实挺能理解你的感觉的，我是19考研的，去年光挑考研英语复习资料就花了半个多月。现在各种学长学姐名师推荐的资料实在太多了，我当时真的是每一本都很动心，每一本都想买。但想起以前高考买了很多资料，但根本没时间做，都考完了还有很多书放那儿积灰，相当于没打开过。考研英语复习资料买书时我就吸取了教训，不过考完之后统计了一下，还是有几本书没来得及用上。反正结合以上零零总总的经验吧，我总结了选书的两个原则，管你是啥学科、考啥，这俩原则都是可以通用的。讲完原则再给你放我的考研英语复习资料。原则1：不要贪多，同一类型的书不要买两本同一类型的书，里面的东西都差不多。比如两本考研英语单词书，里面收录的不都是大纲词汇？它敢给你加一个减一个？编书的人不会给自己找事的。最多只能在排版、花色上做做文章。再比如两本数学真题，那可都是考过的题啊，肯定是完全一样的。做题思路也是差不多的。除非你想做两遍题，而且做第二遍时，不希望有第一遍做的答案在旁边干扰。原则2：要选择适合自己水平的书有的书讲基础，有的书讲拔高，虽然内容不同，但你能说哪本书不好吗？只是针对的人不一样而已。基础好的考研党，如果拿到了补基础的书，一定会嫌它鸡肋；基础不好的考研党，看到了拔高的书，一定会吐槽不知道这本书在说什么，然后将它丢到一边。选择适合的书就像选择趁手的兵器，刀枪剑都能上战场，就看你哪把用着顺手。把我的书单放出来，你可以参考下，都是选的知名度高的，可以直接copy。一、政治1、视频：徐涛（配套：核心考案）2、日常练习：《命题人精讲精练》《命题人1000题》3、考前背诵：《风中劲草》4、考前押题：肖四、肖八、徐涛小黄书（考前必背20题）【复习要点】1、不要相信政治可以九月十月再开始的鬼话，暑假就可以开始听视频做练习了。知识点都理解后，九月十月背题也轻松些，有脉络。2、视频一定得看，书上基本上是纯概念，听视频还能给你举例子。而且政治很枯燥，你自己看书不一定看得下去。3、暑假练习时把《1000题》和《精讲精练》做完就行了，政治不用追求做题多。但是你错的那些小题知识点一定要背过。4、九月十月可以背《风中劲草》。5、我很喜欢徐涛的课，所以大题按他的小黄书背的，小题背的肖四肖八。但你也不要啥都不复习，就等着最后押题呢。自己还是要有点儿真本事的。二、英语1、单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》2、真题：《考研真相》（英一）【复习要点】1、单词和真题是必备的，最多再加个模拟题，没必要去买那种单项题型大全。除非你大二或者大三上学期就开始复习，还没到复习真题的时候，可以拿单独的题型练练手。或者你直接拿它替代模拟题，但千万别忘了，真题才是最重要的。2、单词书随便买，正要是正规出版社的都可以，但一定要买书，不要用手机背，你自制力真的没你想的那么强大。3、这本真题书还是相当推荐的，尤其是对基础弱的人。《考研真相》也是个老牌子，关键还是有针对性，我底子差，就很容易被它“逐词逐句讲解”的特点吸引。客观评论下，逐句是真的，每个句子都有一丝和语法讲解，长难句还有图解，确实是我目前能找到的答案最详细的资料了。当然，也有缺点，没有像黄皮书那样，把作者的解题思路剖析得很明确。但对我这种基础弱的，能啃下这本就已经很不错了。英语二就用《考研圣经》。4、对了，还有作文。作文不一定要买专项训练。一是把历年真题里的范文都过一遍，开头结尾该背的都背下来，会写个框架；二是等到10月份，很多机构会出作文押题，背一些素材，能让你往框架里填内容。这两点做好了，作文也不是啥大事。关于考研英语复习资料，我选书的经验和自用书单就这么多了，希望能帮到你吧。

2021年的考研英语刚刚考完，有很多同学都在抱怨今年的英语太难了，更有同学说自己做了20年的英语真题，从来没有像今年这样难，就连2010年的英语也没有这么难。但是在众多评论中有一个同学说自己估今大概有50分，但是立马就有人评论到，50分还好意思说，连及格分都没有达到，事实上真的如此吗？考研英语考50分大概是一个什么样的水平呢？很多人没有参加过考研，对于考研英语的难度也没有概念，于是就想当然的认为考研英语50分连及格分都不到，考这么差是考生没有好好复习。事实上考研英语能考到50分已经是一个很不错的分数了，因为很多人都考不到这个分数。就以英语一为例，我们可以看到近三年的考研英语平均分都没有超过50分，2018年是48.61，2019年是48.59，2020年是49.15，今年很多人反映考研英语难，最终成绩大概率平均分也是不超过50分的。考研英语一平均分考研英语分英语一和英语二，英语二主要是针对专硕，相对来说难度会稍微低一点，但是对于考生来说依旧还是很难的，从近三年的平均分来看，2018年英语二的平均分是55:43分，2019年是52.66分，2020年为55.21分，就算这样英语二的平均分也没有超过60分。虽然说考研英语考到50分不算特别高，但绝对不低了，对于英语一来说已经超过了平均分。考研英语二平均分如果你还是觉得考研英语50分特别低，那我们可以再来看一下国家线，就以去年的学术型硕士的国家线为例，英语分数要求最高的是文学要求52分，其次是管理学要求分数49分，然后是经济学要求分数48分，而分数要求比较低的学科，比如工学你能考到37就超过了国家线，农学你能考到33分就超过了国家线，这还是A类考生的国家线。如果你是B类考生，在前面的基础上整体分数还要再降低3分，农学的英语分数只要考到30分就够了。2020年考研国家线所以看到这里，你应该对考研英语考50分儿是一个什么水平有一个大致的概念了，对于文学类专业和经济管理类的专业，可能50分这个分数不算高，但是对于偏实际应用类的专业，比如说工学、理学、农学等相关专业，英语考50分不说横着走也绝对是所有考生中中等偏上的分数了。如果你在今年的考研中能够考到一个60分的成绩，那基本上你报考所有985大，都不会因为英语成绩被限制！

2020年考研英语一到底有多难？通过考研英语能够上热搜，就可以知道，难度应该不低，有一个单词，就难倒了很多考生，这个单词就是renaissance（文艺复兴）。有同学居然将其当作人名，直接就给翻译了，很是好奇，不知道她翻译成了那个名字？有一位去年就考过的同学说：“很明显要比去年难很多，去年英语一我考了71分，提前半个小时就做完了，今年可能还需要多半个小时，才能够完美地做完这张卷子。估计，今年只能考65分。”英语一难，其中一个原因就是阅读理解四篇都是紧密结合热点，这让很多考生直呼受不了，新题型也不简单，可能最难的就是翻译吧，一个单词renaissance就难倒了很多考生。这两天，很多机构都公布了考研英语参考答案，不知道大家是否对了答案，进行了估分，如果有估分，我们可以参考最近10年分数线，看看能否过线？为了回答这个问题，首先需要了解考研国家线与单科线，国家线比较容易理解，类比高考分数线，就是进复试必须要达到的考研分数线。下面简单介绍下考研单科线。考研单科线考研单科线，分为两个，一个是满分=100分，另外一个是满分>100分的单科线。所以，很明显，满分=100分的考研科目只有英语和政治，所以，所谓的单科线（满分=100分），就是指英语与政治的最低分数线。具体如何划分，不得而知，但是，我们可以推测，应该是按照英语平均成绩来划分的，因为，与政治相比，英语要更难考一些，并且其平均分一般也要低于政治，所以，既然是划线，当然是以更难考的为准。不过，如果那一年，政治成绩比英语成绩普遍还低，那肯定又以政治为准来划线。总之，无论是以哪个科目为准划线，只要这个单科线被划分出来，对政治、英语同时起作用，任何一门达不到国家线，都意味着考研失败。那么，我们究竟能不能预测下2020年的英语单科线呢？如果想要预测2020年英语考多少分可以过线，首先要知道最近几年的英语（政治）单科线，所以，我们将2008年到2019年的考研A区学硕英语（政治）单科线进行了统计，统计结果如下表所示。通过统计表，我们发现，即使是同样100分满分的英语，不同专业的单科线差别还是比较大的，比如文学专业，单科线可以达到50多分，最近十年只有2014年是低于50分，只有45分，而2019年是51分，所以，2020年较2019年难一些，单科线再一次跌破50分，可能性还是比较大的。我们将以上表格中的数据，做一个统计直方图，我们就会发现，部分专业的分数线波动较大，比如文学、管理学等，而少部分专业分数线其实变化很小，比如工学、理学等。我们再从整体上来看，各个专业的单科分数线是否有什么规律可循？我们选择最近的2016年-2017年，2017年-2018年，2018年-2019年，将各个专业的分数线变化进行统计。统计结果见下表所示：通过以上统计，我们不难发现：即使是同一年，不同专业的分数线变化完全是不同的，有些增长，有些反而下降，没有什么规律可循，因为，影响考研分数线的因素较多，比如报考人数、招生计划、考试难度等因素。所以说，如果仅凭英语考试难度来预测国家单科线走势，其实，难度比较大，最起码对于某些专业来说，是这样。但是，我们也发现，分数线波动是有一个范围的，比如，2016年-2017年，最大的波动是2分，2-17年-2018年波动也是2分，只有去年波动范围较大，最大5分（除了照顾专业）。所以，我们可以预测，2019-2020年单科线，大部分专业变化依旧不会很大，不会有超过5分。并且，总体上，分数线可能保持不变或者呈现下降趋势，即使有个别专业会有所增加，但是，总体来说，大部分专业可能会下降0-5分，所以说，如果大家的估分成绩能够在去年的基础上，少0-5分，应该是可以过线的。主要有三个原因：我们已经知道，2020年英语一比较难，可以肯定的是要比2019年难。2018年-2019年分数线总体呈上升趋势，并且变化幅度较大，这主要是考研人数增加最多的原因。但是，这种变化不可能连续两年上升，这会让考生吃不消。2020年考研人数增加虽然没有2019年多，但是，依旧不少，所以对于单科线也会有影响，这个因素会导致分数线增加。所以说，基于以上三个原因，大部分专业的英语单科线可能会保持2019年分数线不变，或者在此基础上有所下降，但是，上升的可能性很小。最后，我们看看考研人数较多的工学专业的情况，将其单独做统计，我们可以发现，连续好几年都在下降，只有去年增长幅度较大，原因依然是考研人数大幅增加。2019年英语单科线是39分，所以说，基于以上三个原因，我们可以大胆预测下2020年工学专业的英语单科线会不会是35分呢？也就是说，会下降4分。那么，你对完答案估分在35分以上，那过线的可能性很大。以上，就是关于国家线以及英语单科线的一些简单介绍，同时也对英语单科线进行了粗略地预测，以上内容仅代表个人看法，仅供参考。最后，希望每一位同学英语都能够过线！

在2019年研究生考试结束后，很多考生都在网上吐槽今年的考研英语一的试题难度太高，一些阅读理解里面的词汇都成为了网上的热搜，比如说单词rural debate等单词都成为了微博的热搜，在百度上也一时间成为了网友争分吐槽的话题。而一些考生事后吐槽说考研英语二的试题难度和英语六级相当，所以考研英语二没什么可复习的，仅仅复习英语六级就可以了，还可以得高分。事实真的如此吗？考生复习先了解一下考研英语。考研英语分为英语一和英语二，一般报考学术型硕士研究生的考生，考研英语考英语一，而对于报考专业型硕士研究生，考研则会考英语二。之所以进行区分，是因为学术型硕士研究生和专业型硕士研究生培养目标不同，学硕是为了培养学术人才，要进行国外大量文献的阅读，才能了解最新的学术成果。而专业型硕士研究生则是为了培养适应企业实际需求的应该型人才，因此对考研英语的考察与学硕相比，考察的侧重点不同，难度有所降低。可以看到英语二的难度明显会低于考研英语一的难度，一般考研英语一成绩在60的同学，他们考研英语二的成绩会在70分左右，而简单的认为考研英语二的难度就和英语六级的难度相当，这是不妥的。英语复习就考研英语和英语六级出题来看，一个是教育部考试中心进行命题，一个是大学英语四六级委员会出题，二者出题的思路和风格不同，前者是选拔考试，后者是能力考试。你六级425分及以上就过了，但考研英语各个专业国家线不一样，不是简单滴过了某个分数线就可以了。就考察的内容来看，由于考研不考听力，所以只分析考研英语二和英语六级相互对应的题型。就考研英语二的阅读理解和英语六级的阅读理解来看，考研英语二的阅读难度要明显的高于英语六级的阅读难度，二者在单词和长难句的理解上，明显考研英语二难度略大一些。就英语六级阅读来看，做一篇阅读的时间大概是15分钟以内，但是考研二英语阅读的做题时间明显会高于15分钟，而且考研英语二的选项的设置更加地刁钻，排除各个选项不容易。而从考研英语二的作文和六级的作文来看，难度不是很大，作文这一部分差异不大。最后从完形填空来看，英语二的难度要比六级的完形填空难度要略高，并不是很容易的就可以做出来。考场外复习从历史来看，考研英语二也只是新生事物，在2010年开始推行，在工商管理硕士英语联考的基础上完善形成，最初的考研英语二确实相对简单，但是后来逐渐地提高了考试的难度，在过去考研英语二的难度比英语六级难度要低，但是现在从阅读理解来看，考试难度已经比英语六级略大了。就每年的考研国家线来看，英语二的国家线大部分的专业分数线在44分上下，还有部分专业是30%左右，大体上是总成绩的45%，而英语六级425及格，大体上总分的60%。因此虽然每年很多学生说英语二难度低于六级，但是从考生总体成绩看，考研英语二的难度高于英语六级的难度。从每年考生的复习准备来看，英语六级很多考生都是准备了3个月或者2个月的很多，但是对于考研英语而言，大部分考生都是准备了8个月甚至更长的时间，考研英语二的复习周期要大于英语六级，但是成绩又如此之低，远远低于英语六级，可以对比出考研英语二的难度大小。因此我们从出题命题、考察内容、历史对比、成绩线对比可以明显看出考研英语二的难度要高于英语六级的难度（听力除外）。而大家又有什么观点和看法，欢迎讨论。

上午政治考完，大家都是非常嗨皮的，直呼肖秀荣大大牛逼，押中了好多题，想着今年政治是稳了。然后，下午走出英语考场，画风就变了……毫无疑问，英语也上了热搜，但跟政治不同的是，英语太难了！部分网友观点：听说早上有多快乐下午就有多悲伤？1.想读读不懂，想选选不出，上午考完政治有多开心下午考英语就有多心凉，考场上都差点哭出来，为什么这么难！2.英语一瞬间吧我早上的政治拉没了，开始写第一个阅读理解的那一瞬间，简直想放弃，三四遍硬是选不出来，我滴乖，绝对是这十年来最难的，没有之一，明天上午数学要是再难我就哭了！3.上午直呼肖秀荣牛逼，下午英语难得我头都掉了，人生第一次考英语没写完。4.早上考完政治：肖秀荣牛逼！下午考完英语：是我不配了，既然阅读让我看不懂，就休想看懂我的翻译！5.考得我一身冷汗，看到大家说难我也放心了！6.还能说啥，一篇阅读理解都没有读懂，全程连蒙带猜，背了好几天还加一个夜班的大小作文模板，全部套不上，我感觉30分悬了！考研英语到底有多难？大家都知道研究生现在是分为学术型硕士和专业型硕士的，一般情况下，学硕考的是英语一，专硕考的是英语二，有人说英语二难度基本与英语六级持平，英语一就是非常难了！其实从考研英语满分100分，可国家线只是在50分左右的情况下依然还有很多人都过不去就可以看出来有多难。总的来说就是词汇量非常大，一句话所有单词拆开来都认识，合起来就完全不知道什么意思了，猜的情况下也很难能够猜对。说在最后不管考研英语现场有多么惊心动魄，大家也都坚持考完了，其实也不用过于担心太难了，因为你觉得难了，别人大几率也不会觉得简单，大家都是一个难，相当于还在一个起跑线上。另一方面也告诉我们，考研英语还是需要长期准备的，更在于平时的积累。不过眼下更重要的还是收拾一下心情，稍微休息一下，然后复习明天足足有300分的专业课！你有什么看法？欢迎在评论区说出自己的观点！