18年考研英语一

最近几天教育部刚刚公布了18年的考研国家线，对比17年的考研国家线，很多学科都出现了降分。以学术学位为例，我们来分析一下国家线的变化。对比两年的分数线，我们不难发现各个学科的变化。文学、历史学、农学和艺术学保持不变。哲学、经济学、工学三科降5分，理学、军事学、管理学降10分。少数学科涨5分，如法学、教育学、医学和体育学。在总分下降的趋势下，单科的分数线也在降，对于英语和数学是弱项的考生来说是一件好事。除去照顾考生以外，英语最低34分，数学最低51分。是不是觉得没有那么难了。今年教育部公开的文件中提到了一些变化的点，也体现了国家对于研究生招生考试的重视程度。缩短考生调剂志愿锁定时间，不超过36个小时；设置考生调剂的初试成绩要求，避免无效申请；加强咨询服务调剂系统开放时间3月23日到4月30日下面针对大家比较关注的考研调剂问题做个梳理。1、考生可以同时参加一志愿和调剂院校的复试，但是要注意一志愿学校是可以看到你的调剂申请的，在不影响一志愿复试的前提下可以去申请调剂复试，如果一旦都通过了复试，要想选择调剂院校必须要经过一志愿学校的同意。2、那些本科是985高校的学生不建议大家调剂到双非院校，因为在后期的找工作过程中一定会存在学历歧视的，这样有点得不偿失。3、每位学生可以申请三个平行志愿的调剂，不分先后顺序。事实上，调剂系统的作用在于流程，有些学校会先组织复试，然后再走线上流程，大家要注意把握时间。4、选择调剂院校时要综合考虑，有些学校虽然知名度不够，但是地理位置加上专业优势对于后期找工作也有保障。有些学校，比如B区的一些高校，不见得有利于找工作。总之要综合评判。最后，希望大家都能考上理想的大学，实现最初的考研梦想。【学习考研帮】坚持原创内容，做大家学习考研路上的加油站。加油！！

这几天对于报考2018年硕士研究生的同学们来说是非常难熬的，特别是对于擦线党而言，可谓是度日如年。因为这几天国家线就要下来了，而国家线的多少往往决定了大部分人未来的人生走向。过了国家线就有望进入复试，就算达不到目标院校的院线，也可以进行调剂的。英语一降分，擦线党有望调剂！英语一可能会下降一到三分，擦线党有望调剂！如今34所自划线学校的国家线大都已经下达，从公布的分数线来看，很多学校的国家线略有降低。而小水这几年都参加了研究生考试，根据自身的情况对英语一的难度有个清晰的了解。对比去年的国家线单科线，英语一可能会下降一到三分，擦线党有望调剂！英语一降分，擦线党有望调剂！比对去年的英语一，今年的英语比去年要难很多。很多得分在去年国家线单科线附近的擦线党一直惴惴不安。英语一单科线往往决定了他们的命运。众所周知，英语一是很难的，对于非英语专业的人而言，能过每年的国家线就是他们的最高要求了！一区英语一单科线在50~53之间，二区英语一单科线在47~50之间！相比较而言，文学类和金融管理类的英语一单科线最高，一区基本上没有低于50分过。而二区单科线只比一区线低三分，总分比一区线低十分。工科考研考英语一的也是很多的，但是工科单科线很低，有时候甚至低到36分。近三年的英语一难度是逐步递增的趋势，因为小水复习一年又一年，考出来的英语一年比一年低。不是小水在退步，而是英语确实越来越难了。英语一降分，擦线党有望调剂！小水考的是文学类学硕研究生，因此对文学类的国家线心里比较有底。初步估计，文学类一区英语一单科线在50~53之间，二区英语一单科线在47~50之间！如果你的单科线刚好就在这个区间内，请做两手准备！如果单科线高于53，那么就好好的准备复试就好，调剂的事情暂且忽略。如果单科线低于47以下，只能说来年再战或者找新工作了。英语一降分，擦线党有望调剂！不过有一些院校还可以进行校内调剂，也有过从学硕调进专硕的先例。这种情况就需要你自己去你报考的目标院校进行了解了。一般这样的内部消息多方面打听还是可以知道的。但是一般情况下，这种情况只是给予人的一种希望罢了。

网上搜集的考研英语一，2018-2020年真题各题型的词汇和词组。近三年的真题词汇哦，马住看起来！via：是花满楼啊考研初试倒计时3天，还剩最后3天了，这周过了就好了，再坚持一下下。

文| 杨兵欢迎关注：说教育国家线让人出乎意料今日国家线在千呼万唤之中，终于揭开了其庐山真面目。可能由于今年报考人数较多，或者今年题目太简单，国家一改往年的路线，大部分学科的总分和单科线都有所上涨。消息一公布，立马在各大网络平台传播。许多考研人都在等待国家线出来之后的考研复试，可是等国家线出来后，发现自己居然连国家线都没有过，心情一下跌倒了谷底！毕竟多年不曾改变的分数线，怎么今年就突然上涨了呢？考研人以为国家线会降当教育部的官方微博发出2018年的国家线时，许多考研党们根本不愿相信这就是等待了近一个月的国家线，本来充满希望的机会，现在竟然成了绝望！害怕自己是不是看错，还反反复复看了好几次，多么希望有人站出来说，消息有误或者说“不实”！但是最后大家也不得不面对现实。有些学科持平多年，没想到今年居然突然上涨了10分！本来还有机会调剂，现在这些俨然已经是不可能了，内心有说不出来的难受！被上涨的国家线所卡，无法调剂2018年考研英语一结束，当时就有许多人吐槽今年英语太难了。确实相比2017年，新题型的难度明显增高，大家想着既然比去年难，那么英语线就不可能会比以前高，最多也就持平。可是人算不如天算，今年参考的考生们的英语水平显著提高，单科线意外地涨了！每年都有一些总分很高，最后却因为政治或者英语的单科线没过，而错过上研究生的机会，实在太可惜了！但是研究生教育本来也是要求全面发展，所以，考研人要记住，一定要全面发展！

最近研招信息满天飞，前几天高教社也发布了2019公共课的考研平均分以及难度系数。考研是面向几百万考生的选拔性考试，其难度一般是有规律的，通过往年统计数据，我们可以从中预测考研的难度趋势，从而使复习进程更具针对性。今天小白就替大家作一个分析。1英语难度分析 2019考研英语真题全国平均分情况如下：英语一48.59分，难度系数0.486英语二52.66分 难度系数0.5272019考研英语一抽取了326936名考生的试卷作统计分析，结果如下：这里为大家稍微解释一下「试题难度」。通俗地说，60%的考生做对这道题，这道题的难度系数就是0.6，难度系数越小，代表难度越大。从结果看，19考研英语一平均分与18年考研持平，试卷难度不变，标准差与信度也与前两年持平。但是阅读理解A节比18年要难，小作文比18年简单，大作文则更难，整体难度持平。这里我们可以看到考研试卷难度稳定，19年的试题质量很高，难度合理~这也说明考研公共课是很公平的，能够检测大家的真实水平，试题没有投机取巧的余地。同样地，英语二的统计数据包含262460位考生的成绩，结果如下：英语二的结果分析与英语一类似，只不过试卷难度增加了一丢丢，阅读理解难度与前两年基本持平，翻译和小作文难度要大一些。今年7月份公布的英语考研大纲变动不大，变化的地方仅仅是新增了30多个一带一路相关国家、地区的名称…今年考研英语的难度应该会和往年持平，不过要注意的是，如果今年的翻译出了新增地名，翻译不对肯定是要扣分的。此外，今年的考研英语作文中，「国际文化交流」、「文化之间的理解、沟通」类话题可能成为热点。总之英语的复习要始终围绕真题就对了，后期名师冲刺试卷出来了，也不需要太当回事！（小白10月左右就会推出为大家总结的超强英语真题阅读套路技巧和作文模板语料库啦，一点都不虚）2数学难度分析2019考研数学真题全国平均分情况如下：数学一65.69 难度系数0.438 难度偏大数学二71.87 难度系数0.479 难度略大数学三76.80 难度系数0.512 难度适中小白将往年平均分一起作了一个对比，结果如下：对于数学来说，大小年的难度很明显：「奇数年较高，偶数年较低」。15年、17年、19年相对简单，16年、18年、20年则会相对难。大家也可发现，19考研数学一和18年持平，数学一二三难度有所分化，对此宇哥的观点是：各数学卷子自己的特色题目加强，数学一高数下册、线代的向量空间做重点命题；数学二高数上册做重点命题，数学三高数上下册选取数学一二的公共部分做重点命题。从往年数据来看，数学一和数学二在2020考研中难度会有所增大，但不必担心会难出天际，16年平均分低出了新境界，当时可是一片骂声啊...其难度估计也是后无来者了，所以大家要辩证分析。数学三难度应会略有提高，也不应变化太大，不必过于紧张。数学现在不论是二刷强化还是启动真题一刷，做错还是做对，都不要在意得了多少分，一定要将做过的题纳入自己的知识体系和思维结构，不断巩固和加强解题能力。记住：「20考研数学是一场硬仗！」，必须潜心钻研！19年数学具体到各题型的难度分析如下：数学一数学二数学三3政治70+建议比较遗憾，政治目前没有官方发布的平均分及难度系数，但近十年考研政治平均分基本在56~59分之间，人数最多的区间为60～70分。今年最受关注的政治大纲已经发布，但对比往年只是微调，所以政治题目也应当依旧稳定，选择题难度可以参考往年，不过每年的大题热点都不同的，其得分情况取决于大家后期的掌握程度。如果考研政治目标为70+，各题型、各科目要保证如下分数：从题型上看，单选题必须拿到14分以上，多选需拿到26分以上，分析题拿到30分以上。从考试内容上看，马原拿到15分；毛中特拿到25分；史纲10分；思修法基12分；时政及当代8分以上。如果大家能够达到这个水平，考研政治70+是很有希望的！政治是回报率很高的学科，所以拿高分也不难，强烈建议大家把小白的《政治选择题考点大全》用起来，配套刷题小程序，70+妥妥滴啊！点击文末「阅读原文」即可获取哦！马上就要预报名啦，明天小白会为大家讲解预报名「填写报考信息」的步骤，大家如果有什么问题今天都可以留言哦，小白明天会进行解答，笔芯！

目前，2019年考研英语的大纲已经公布了，对比18年的考研英语大纲，可以发现在作文部分大纲的内容作了部分修改，今年考研的学生要重点关注一下。以下是英语一和英语二的对比变化。先看英语一18年考研英语一大纲作文部分19年考研英语一大纲作文部分测试要点由原来的书面表达变成了现在更具体的要求，比如写说明体、议论性文章。除此之外，其余各部分内容都基本没有变化。再看英语二18年考研英语二大纲作文部分19年考研英语二大纲作文部分变化内容与英语一基本一致。测试要点由原来的书面表达变成了现在更具体的要求，比如写说明体、议论性文章。除此之外，其余各部分内容都基本没有变化。这样的变化实际上是对考研英语作文的考察目标有了更清晰的定位，对于考生的复习来说基本不受影响。在整个考研英语备考过程中，阅读理解和作文是分数占比最多的两个题型，考生在备考时要特别注意多花一些时间。有的学生会依赖于作文模板，学习考研帮建议大家不要过度依赖范文模板，这样有扎堆的风险，最后却得不了高分。考研作文最重要的是契合主题，千万不要跑题，按照文体要求写，不要过分追求长难句，简单句为主，不容易出错。注意书写和格式，这样更容易拿高分。另外是阅读理解题型，考生要多下功夫，养成做题的习惯，培养自己的做题感觉，争取提升自己的正答率和做题速度。考研英语一直都是很多考生的短板，按照自己的情况，多花时间复习，找到适合自己的做题方法。考研人，加油。

英语在考研中也是至关重要的，所有学术型硕士研究生（十三大门类，110个一级学科）和部分专业型硕士包括临床医学、口腔医学、公共卫生、护理、中医、法律(非法学)、法律(法学)、汉语国际教育、建筑学、城市规划必考英语一。工商管理、公共管理、会计、旅游管理、图书情报、工程管理、审计专业考英语二。下面是考研数据帝为大家整理的华东师范大学2018年全校英语一平均分十大考生排名。第1名： 报考生命科学学院 生态学专业 84.5分第2名： 报考生命科学学院 生物学专业 78.76分第3名： 报考教师教育学院 教育专业 77.96分第4名： 报考教育专业学位管理中心 教育专业 76.17分第5名： 报考计算机科学与技术学院 电子信息专业 74.72分第6名： 报考经济学院 应用经济学专业 73.79分第7名： 报考传播学院 新闻传播学专业 72.71分第8名： 报考设计学院 设计学专业 72.67分第9名： 报考学前教育学系 教育学专业 72.56分第10名： 报考工商管理学院 应用经济学专业 71.44分

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

今年考研结束后，许多考研同学都遗憾：完了！我作文写偏题了！我看他们都是写的“选择、创新、态度、坚持不懈”等话题，而我却写的努力奋斗！实际上，英语一的漫画作文的特点就在于其开放性，不像英语二有固定的要求，英语一除了描述图画内容之外，正文内容可以自立角度进行论述。考研英语辅导的何凯文老师专门提到了这一点，希望大家不要过于忧伤（桑），因为作文是没有标准答案的，最多也就是参考范文，连范文都仅仅是“供参考”。何凯文老师解说作文下面这位同学就是比较担忧考研英语一大作文的一类同学，该同学将图画理解为个人奋斗、脚踏实地这一性质的话题，并不断质疑自己：算不算跑题呀？何凯文当即肯定了该同学的写法，因为开放性作文只要紧扣图片且言之有理即可。话又说回来，其实英语作文的打分是很灵活的，并不是一成不变的，这个和判卷老师、卷面整洁度、句式优美度、用词恰当度都有关系，大纲解析里专门强调了句式多变这一关键问题。考研学子担心考研作文对于英语作文模板这个问题，考过研究生的同学应该都心里有数。考研人的英语还停留在阅读阶段，写作能力大家都是半斤八两，别给我说什么临场发挥，也别想着在考场上有奇迹出现。我们的绝招都是准备自己的模板，考研作文确实是反模板，可是考研人也不会那么轻易就让它把模板给反了！大家所用的模板基本上都是从各种文章中精挑细选的精华素材，每个人都是私人定制，所以也大可不必担心。某同学的作文模板以上是某同学的作文模板，和你有相似的吗？此外，大部分的学校在复试的时候会现场考核学生的英语水平，所以在准备复试的时候还需要加强口语的练习，否则哑巴英语可能会使老师改变主意！