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1992年考研英语翻译题型全文翻译和解释—本文介绍智力测试的概念所作所为

1992年考研英语翻译题型全文翻译和解释—本文介绍智力测试的概念

“Intelligence” at best is an assumptive construct -- the meaning of the word has never been clear. 智力充其量只是一个假设性的概念,因为智力的含义从来就是模糊的。There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term thanthere is on how to interpret or classify them.人们对智力这个词所指的各种表现意见比较一致,而对这些表现的解释或分类则有不同的看法。But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems.但普遍认为,智力高的人是能指那些够迅速领会思想、区分事物、进行逻辑推理并运用文字和数字符号来解决问题的人。An intelligence test is a rough measure of a child’s capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school.智力测验只是粗略衡量一个儿童学习的能力,尤其是学习学校所要求的各种知识的能力。It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical enrance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed to -- it was not designed for such purposes.智力测验并不测定人的个性、社会适应能力、身体耐力、手工技能或艺术才能。其设计初衷也并非为了测定这些方面。To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.批评智力测试不反映上述情况,就犹如批评温度计不测风速一样。The other thing we have to notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject is essentially a comparative affair.我们要注意的另一件事是,对任何测试对象的智力评估都是比较而言的。Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a “valid” or “fair” comparison.既然对智力的评估是比较而言的,那么我们必须确保,在对我们的对象进行比较时,我们所使用的尺度能提供有效的或公平的比较。It is here that some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test performed involves at least three factors: the intention to do one’s best, the knowledge required for understanding what you have to do, and the intellectual ability to do it.正是基于这一点,产生了一些让我们关注的问题。进行任何测试至少要包含三个因素:尽力考好的意向,理解考试要求所需要的知识,以及做这件事情所需的智能。The first two must be equalfor all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made.如果从智力方面进行任何比较的话,那么对所有的被比较者来说,前两个因素必须是一样的。In school populations in our culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable, and the value of intelligence testing has been proved thoroughly.在我们的文化培养的学生中,上述设想可以公平合理。这就完全证明了智力测试的价值。Its value lies, of course, in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction.它的价值当然就在它对预测提供了令人满意的依据。No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test;没有人会对一个儿童在测试中所取得的分数感兴趣。what we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require “general intelligence.”我们感兴趣的是,我们能否从他测试的成绩中得出结论:与同龄人相比,这个儿童在完成我们认为需要“一般智力”的任务时,他会做的更好还是更差。On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.总的来说,得出这种结论是有一定把握的,但前提是必须两个假定成立:这个孩子对测试的态度和与他相比较的孩子对测试的态度相同;他没有因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。

天常

2020考研英语二翻译真题及答案!速对!

2020考研英语二翻译【真题原题】It's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere. Put simply, they are not really living at all But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up t0 us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as "the end of the world," or as proof of just how inadequate we are. Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something; we can choose to look for the lesson were meant to learn. These lessons are very important; they are how we grow, and how we keep form making that same mistake again Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise. For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.【参考译文】人生中不经历一些失败几乎是不可能的。但是,失败的美妙之处在于,如何看待失败完全取决于我们。我们可以选择把失败看作是 ”世界末日 ”,或者我们可以把失败看作是常有的的极好的学习机会。每当我们在某件事上失败的时候,我们可以选择寻找我们应该吸取的教训。这些教训非常重要,它们是我们成长的方式,也是我们避免再犯同样的错误的方法。只有我们选择放弃的时候失败才能够阻止我们。失败也可以让我们更好地认识自己,如果没有失败我们决不可能认识到这样的自己。比如,失败可以让你发现你有多么强大。在某些事情上的失败可以帮助你发现你最真诚的朋友,或者帮助你找到意想不到的通往成功的动力。-----------------------------------分割线-----------------------------------------------------对完答案,不论结果是好是坏,希望你能放松心态。人生时时都在面对考试,所谓考研,也不过是人生考试的一部分,所以,一定要坚强面对,加油!20考研已经完了,21考研的小伙伴也该准备起来了,这里给大家推荐一些考研英语专用书单:单词书:闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》(按考频划了频考词、基础词、偶考词和超纲词4类单词,重点记频考词和基础词,挺省时间的。)真题书:英一只推荐《考研真相》,英语二就用《考研圣经》(真题文章都是逐句图示细讲的,重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解,不怕你看不懂文章,还有就是排除干扰项,提高做题的正确率,适合基础弱的人用。)写作书:英一《写作160篇》,英二《写作宝中宝》(很适合英语基础不太好的同学,里面有总结高分词汇、基础句型,还有经典模板之类的,可以先从词、句、段、篇开始学会写作文,然后再学习书里话题、句式、模板、思路,写一些有亮点的高分作文。)

焰钢

全国考研人数5年翻一番 英语翻译“神句迭出”难倒考生

来源:北京青年报2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试昨天开考。虽然近年来考研人数一直呈攀升之势,但今年的增长尤其迅猛,全国报考人数从去年的290万人猛增至341万人,增幅达17.6%;报考北京招生单位的考生也增长了11%。在昨天上午的政治科目考试中,考题紧扣时事热点话题,国庆70周年、进博会等年度国家大事都进入了考题。考研人数5年翻一番国家对高层次人才的需求加上就业形势,使得近几年全国考研人数进入快速增长期,本年度的报考人数已经比2015年翻了一番。来自北京教育考试院的数据显示,本年度全国报考北京招生单位的考生有425295人,比上年度增幅达11%,占全国报考总数的12.5%。其中,报名超过1万人的招生单位有17所高校,包括北京大学、清华大学、中国科学院大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学、对外经济贸易大学、北京航空航天大学、中国传媒大学、北京理工大学、北京邮电大学、首都师范大学、北京交通大学、北京科技大学、北京工业大学、中央民族大学、中央财经大学和中国政法大学。其中仅报考清华大学的考生就超过1.8万名。多种高科技手段防作弊昨天上午开考前,清华大学考点内到处是考研人的身影,校内多家食堂、宾馆向考生开放,综合体育馆二楼也开放供考生午间休息。进考场时,考生要逐个接受身份证鉴别仪等设备的检查,核对身份信息,准考证与本人身份有疑问的考生还要被采集照片。据清华校方介绍,每个考场及考务值班室均由教育部统一装有监控设备,考试期间标准化考场视频监控系统对各考场进行全程录像;各考场充分利用手机信号屏蔽仪、身份证鉴别仪、无线耳机屏蔽仪等设备,对高科技作弊、替考舞弊等违规违法行为进行防范和筛查。英语翻译难倒考生上午11点半,政治科目考完后,多名考生表示,政治题的难度稳定,与时事热点结合紧密。国庆70周年、进博会等年度国家大事不出意料地都出现在了考题里。此外,国家治理体系治理能力现代化、中俄建交70周年及新时代中俄关系、国家勋章获得者张富清、探月工程等内容也成为选择题或材料论述题。但下午英语考试结束后考生们的表情就不那么轻松了。网上考研社区里很多考生表示,被题目难倒了,干脆提前交卷,尤其是翻译部分,“神句迭出,平时缺乏英文原著阅读经验的话很难译出来。”(记者 雷嘉)

今敏

2020考研英语一真题翻译6

嗨,这里是小恬的第六篇文章。前两天的文章又多了几个收藏和分享,还获得几枚关注,很开心得到大家的喜欢,一起努力呀。今天文章的内容是翻译阅读理解B部分,即七选五。我们开始吧。 B部分阅读下面的文章,文中有一些句子已被移除。在第41到45题,你需要从A到G七个句子中,选择最合适的句子,填入每个标好数字的空格中。这里有两个多余的选项,它们不适合所有空格。将你的答案标记在答题卡上。(10分)A、眼注视很简单B、太多的眼神接触本能地让人感觉粗鲁C、眼神接触有时是一种友好的社交信号D、性格会影响一个人对眼神接触的如何回应E、眼神接触背后的生物因素正在研究中F、大部分人保持与陌生人的眼神接触时,都感到不舒服G、眼神接触有时也带有攻击性 在一个社交场合中,与他人的眼神接触表明你在用一种友善的方式关注对方。但是它有时也是敌对性的,比如当一个政治候选人在一场辩论中面对他的竞争者并保持眼神接触时,那标志着敌意。这些是自然科学揭示的关于眼神接触的奥秘。41.——我们都知道一个典型的婴儿会本能地凝视母亲的眼睛,而且母亲会看回来。这种相互的注视是母婴依恋的主要部分。成年时期,以一种令人愉快的方式看向某人,可以是一种赞许地表示关注的信号。它可以在拥挤的房间里捕捉某人的注意力,“目光接触并且微笑”可以表示可得性和信心,这是被心理学家莫妮卡·摩尔在许多研究中证实的一个常识性概念。 42.——神经学家邦妮·奥贡发现,荷尔蒙促产剂会增加人们在一个简短的面谈中与面谈者眼神交会的次数,在此期间他们的目光朝向被记录下来。这也在具有一定自闭症状的高功能人士身上被发现,这些人可能倾向于逃避眼神接触。具体的回应直接凝视的大脑区域,正在被其他研究者用先进的大脑扫描方式探索。43.——通过眼球追踪技术的使用,哈佛大学肯尼迪政府学院的茱莉娅·明森推断说,眼神接触可以传达非常不相同种类的信息,视情况而定。尽管眼神接触在友好的情况下有时是联系或者信任的标志,在敌对的局面下却更可能与强势相关联。“无论你是一个政治家还是父母,记住这个都可能有帮助,当你想说服某个与你持有一套不同观念的人时,保持眼神接触可能产生相反效果。”明森说。 44.——当我们看向一张脸或者一幅图,我们的眼睛一次只能停留在一个点,通常是眼睛或者嘴巴。这些停顿一般是每秒三次,然后视线又跳到另一个点,直到映像中几个重要的点像一系列快照一样登记在册。总体的形象如何装配以及感知依旧成谜,虽然它是当前研究的主题。45.——神经质测验中获得高分的人们中,个性纬度与自我感知和焦虑相关,眼神接触会诱发更多与回避有关的活动,据芬兰研究员贾里·希塔宁及其同事所说。“我们的发现表明,处于众人关注的中心时,人们不但感觉紧张,而且他们的大脑反应也不同。”一个更加直观的发现是,在消极情绪比如焦虑方面得分很高的人们看向他人的时间更短,当他人不直视他们的时候也有更舒适的感觉。 呐,到这里真题阅读部分已经结束,接下来的翻译和写作大家都有参考答案,小恬就不献丑啦。明天开始可能只会翻译一下题目,然后分享一些做题要点经验,不见不散哦。

修女传

考研英语真题,翻译词组集锦,20级加油!

【近20年考研真题--翻译常考词组】翻译是比较容易得分的题,记住这些历年真题中的常考词组,发挥的更好哦!

舜曰

2020考研英语一真题翻译

第一部分:英语运用阅读下面的文本。为每个标有数字的空格选择最合适的单词,并在答题卡上标好A,B,C,或者D。即使家人们并不像从前一样坐在一起吃饭,数百万的英国人仍然惯于共度周末,享受这个国度的最伟大的传统之一:星期天烤肉。( 1 )一个寒冷的冬日,很少烹饪的乐趣能够( 2 )它。然而正如我们现在报道的,食品警察认定这( 3 )应该被呈现,另一有罪的快乐( 4 )伤害我们的健康。户外烤肉食物标准局已经( 5 )一个公开警告,即关于一种( 6 )高温烹饪的食物中产生的名为丙烯酰胺的化合物的风险。这意味着人们应该( 7 )发脆他们的烤土豆,摒弃薄皮披萨并且只( 8 )烘烤他们的面包。但是支撑如此危言耸听建议的证据在哪里呢?( 9 )几个研究表示丙烯酰胺会导致老鼠的神经系统损伤,没有( 10 )证据表明它会导致人类癌症。科学家们说,这种化合物是( 11 )致癌的,但是没有确凿的科学证据。( 12 )预防原则,可以说遵循食物标准局的建议是( 13 )。( 14 ),吸烟致癌曾经多年是谣言直到证明那是( 15 )的证据被找到。丙烯酰胺无疑,在周日一片煮牛肉总是可以( 16 )上,与一些清蒸蔬菜一起,没有约克郡布丁和葡萄酒。但是这样的人生值得过吗?( 17 )食物标准局说,这不是让人们把烤食品切出(18 )而是减少他们的终生摄入。然而它的( 19 )风险作为一个讲道词和保姆的杂交出现。持续的健康恐慌只会( 20 )没一个人倾听。A、in在……里 B、towards向…… C、on在……上 D、till直到A、match匹配 B、express表达 C、satisfy满足 D、influence影响A、patience耐心 B、enjoyment享受 C、surprise惊喜 D、concern担忧A、intensified变本加厉地 B、privileged享有特权的C、compelled迫使 D、guaranted保证的,肯定的5. A、 issued 发布 B、received收到 C、ignored忽略 D、canceled删除6. A、under在……下 B、at在……方面 C、for为了 D、by用,被7. A、forget忘记 B、regret后悔 C、finish完成 D、avoid避免8. A、partially部分地 B、regularly规律地 C、easily容易地 D、initially最初9. A、Unless除非 B、Since因为 C、If如果 D、While然而10. A、secondary其次 B、external外部的C、conclusive最后的 D、negative消极的11. A、insufficient不够的 B、bound必定的C、likely可能的 D、slow缓慢的12. A、On the basis of 基于 B、At the cost of 以……成本C、 In addition to 另外 D、 In contrast to 与……相反13. A、interesting有趣的 B、advisable明智的C、urgent紧迫的 D、fortunate幸运的14. A、As usual如往常一样 B、In particular尤其C、By definition显然地 D、After all毕竟15. A、resemblance相似 B、combination组合C、connection联系 D、pattern模式16. A、made做 B、served服务 C、saved储存 D、used使用17. A、To be fair公平地说 B、For instance比如说C、To be brief简单来说 D、In general一般来说18. A、reluctantly勉强地 B、entirely完全地C、graally逐渐地 D、carefully小心地19. A、promise承诺 B、experience经验C、campaign运动 D、competition比赛20. A、follow up追踪 B、pick up捡起 C、open up打开 D、end up结束

无穷

1999年考研英语阅读理解第五篇答案和全文翻译

原文+译文:Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments.实际上,科学的进步依赖于做实验,但更依赖于实验的观察者(即做实验的人)有所准备的头脑。Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple.据说艾萨克·牛顿爵士是从苹果落地现象中发现了万有引力。Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets.多少个世纪以来,许多地方一直都有苹果落到地面,成千上万的人也都看过苹果落地。但多年来只有牛顿一直对月球和行星沿轨道运行的起因感到好奇。What kept them in place? Why didn’t they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.是什么使它们保持在现在的位置?它们为什么不从天上掉下来?苹果向下落到地面而不向上飞到树上,这一事实回答了他长期以来一直对天空中更大的“果实”——月球和行星所存有的疑问。How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree?多少人会考虑过苹果向上飞到树上的可能性呢?Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. His mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research.牛顿这样做了,因为他不想对任何事情进行预测。他只是怀有好奇心。他的头脑在准备思考不可预测的事。不可预测性是科学研究的一个基本特征。If you don’t have unpredictable things, you don’t have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals, but history is filled with examples of it.如果没有不可预测现象的产生就无所谓科学研究了。科学家们在为学术刊物撰写呆板的例行报告时往往会忘记这一点,而历史上这样的例子却比比皆是。In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the “scientific method” a substitute for imaginative thought.在和一些科学家,特别是年轻科学家交谈时,你可能会有这样一种印象:他们认为“科学方法”可以代替创造性思维。I’ve attended research conferences where a scientist has been asked what he thinks about the advisability of continuing a certain experiment.我出席过一些科研会议,会上有人问一位科学家继续某项实验是否是明智之举。The scientist has frowned, looked at the graphs, and said “the data are still inconclusive.”那位科学家皱了皱眉,又看了看图表,然后说:“数据还是不够确定。”“We know that,” the men from the budget office have said, “but what do you think? Is it worthwhile going on? What do you think we might expect?” The scientist has been shocked at having even been asked to speculate.预算部门的人说:“这点我们知道,但你的意见如何?你觉得值得做下去吗?你觉得我们可以期待什么呢?”这位科学家感到很震惊,他没有料到人们会让他做出预测。What this amounts to, of course, is that the scientist has become the victim of his own writings.当然,这几乎等于说:这位科学家成了自己所写报告的受害者。He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced instrial and business management that they are true.他所提出的种种论断是如此不容置疑、如此一致,以至于不仅他自己相信了,而且也说服了工商界的管理者相信其正确性。If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to proce results measurable in dollars and cents.假如科学实验像科学杂志报告显示的那样完全按事先的计划去规划和实施,那么,对管理层来说,期待研究能够产生可用美元、美分衡量的结果是完全合理的。It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.审计人员也完全有理由相信,确切知道自己的目标并知道如何实现这一目标的科学家们根本没必要分心:用一只眼盯着现金计数器的同时,用另一只眼睛盯着显微镜。Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team.”如果像他们的论文所反映的那样,科学家渴望规律性和与某种标准模式的一致性,那么管理人员歧视研究人员中的“标新立异者”,而赞赏“善于合作”的具有传统思维模式的人,也就是无可指摘的。试题:51. The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that.[A] inquiring minds are more important than scientific experiments[B] science advances when fruitful researches are concted[C] scientists seldom forget the essential nature of research[D] unpredictability weighs less than prediction in scientific research52. The author asserts that scientists.[A] shouldn’t replace “scientific method” with imaginative thought[B] shouldn’t neglect to speculate on unpredictable things[C] should write more concise reports for technical journals[D] should be confident about their research findings53. It seems that some young scientists.[A] have a keen interest in prediction[B] often speculate on the future[C] think highly of creative thinking[D] stick to “scientific method”54. The author implies that the results of scientific research.[A] may not be as profitable as they are expected[B] can be measured in dollars and cents[C] rely on conformity to a standard pattern[D] are mostly underestimated by management答案:A B D A

赵武

试题研究:2020考研英语一翻译真题解析

长难句是考研英语中一大拦路虎,因此学会如何运用语法知识破解长难句也是同学们在基础语法学习的过程中的终极目标。本文以2020年英语一翻译真题为例讲解长难句破解,快来一起看看吧,希望能够帮助2021考研同学哦~一、With (the gap between) the church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.1、寻标志,断长句:断句标志“1)with(the gap between)...... by the renaissance,2)the gap between ......bridged,3)Leading to new......territories2、抓住干,识修饰主干:the gap had been bridged修饰:a. with ...... the Renaissance作伴随状语b. leading to new and ......territories作结果状语3、调语序,定句意1)译文:“随着教会的指导和思考方式的差异被文艺复兴变得黯然失色”解析:between...and “在...之间”,作后置定语修饰gap,翻译的时候翻译到gap前面,其余顺译2)译文:“中世纪和现代的差异被消除了”解析:整体主谓结构,between...and 在...之间,作后置定语修饰gap,翻译的时候翻译到gap前面,其余顺译3)译文:“导向崭新的和未经探索的知识领域”解析:lead to“导致”,顺译4、依逻辑,组整句:伴随状语顺译,结果状语顺译译文:随着教会的指导和思考方式的差异被文艺复兴变得黯然失色,中世纪和现代的差异被消除了,导向崭新的和未经探索的知识领域。二、Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists,more explorations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that people could no longer ignore.1、寻标志,断长句:断句标志1)despite attempts by the church to......rationalists2) more explorations for how the universe functioned were being made3) at a rate that people could no longer ignore2、抓住干,识修饰主干:more explorations were being made修饰:a. despite attempts......rationalists作让步状语b. at a rate ...... ignore作方式状语3、调语序,定句意1)译文:“尽管教堂做出许多尝试去压制新一代的逻辑学家和理性主义者”解析:by the church,介词短语作后置定语,翻译到名词前面; attempt to do sth.试图做某事,顺译2)译文:“但是更多对于宇宙是如何运作的探索正在进行”解析:整体主谓结构,顺译;for+how宾从,介词短语作后置定语修饰exploration,翻译到exploration前面3)译文:“以人们难以忽视的速度”解析:at a rate that 以......速度;that从句作定语从句修饰rate,翻译到rate前面4、依逻辑,组整句:让步状语顺译,方式状语翻译到所修饰的动作前面译文:尽管教堂做出许多尝试去压制新一代的逻辑学家和理性主义者,但是更多对于宇宙是如何运作的探索正在以人们难以忽视的速度进行着。

雕琢复朴

1999年考研英语翻译题型答案—本文讨论历史学研究方法的问题

While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定,但是现代史学家的实践最趋于认为历史学试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past.由于受其所处时间和地点的限制,每一代史学家都要重新判断过去哪些史料对他们具有重要价值。In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered; it is also frequently partial or partisan.在这种探索中,所发现的证据总是不完全的、零散的,而且常常是不全面的或带有派别色彩的。The irony of the historian’s craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process.历史研究这个行当的讽刺意味在于,从事研究的人一直知道,他们的努力只不过是为永无止境的过程添砖加瓦而已。Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论,主要是因为史学界内部意见不一,其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past.尽管历史学一度崇尚它与文学和哲学的相似之处,但新兴的社会科学似乎提供了更多机会,以便人们能够提出新问题,有了解过去的有效途径。Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world.社会科学研究的方法论必须进行改变以适应这样一个学科,其基础是史料,而不是当代社会的需要。During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.在这种转变中,历史学家研究历史时,那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession.在历史学界,方法论这个词从来都是模棱两可的。There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical workin general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historicalinquiry.所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念,还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段,人们对此意见不一。Historians, especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of “tunnel method,” frequently fall victim to the “technicist fallacy.”史学家,尤其是那些单纯局限于他们研究兴趣的史学家,被指责为使用“单方向研究法”,他们常常成为“纯技术方法论”的牺牲品。Also common in the natural sciences, the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation.纯技术方法论错误地把整个学科与学科研究的某些操作方法等同起来,这种情况在自然科学领域里也屡见不鲜。It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.这种谬误同样存在于历史传统派和历史社科派;前者认为历史就是史学界内部和外部人士对各种史料来源的评论,后者则认为历史的研究是具体方法的研究。

理事

近20年考研英语真题翻译常考词组

考研英语,翻译是很多考研童鞋们的伤。其主要的原因是,基础没有打牢固,词组和单词量的积累不够或者对意思的理解有偏差。其实翻译是很容易得分的题目,记住下面总结的这些近20年真题中的常考的翻译词组,可以帮我们更加高效地做出翻译题目,有效地把握命题的规律!其实这些词组不仅做翻译很有用,做完型填空的时候也是有用的,完型填空里面就会有很多的固定搭配。自己写作文的时候也可以合理地使用这些词组,让改卷的老师眼前一亮的赶脚。最后,21考研的童鞋要好好加油咯!已经正式步入6月份了!