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2019考研英语阅读翻译4步走许行

2019考研英语阅读翻译4步走

每年四月都会写一篇关于如何正确做阅读精翻的文章给当年考研的小伙伴们看,以确保大家都能正确做精翻,不浪费时间,高效的复习,快速提高英语基本功。今年也不例外,下面我们就来看看考研英语阅读精翻的正确打开方式吧。所谓精翻,顾名思义,就是精确仔细的翻译,对于所有考研的学生来说,大量精翻历年的阅读理解真题文章是有效并快速提升英语基本功及阅读能力的途径。因为可以在精翻过程中巩固词汇,语法知识,练习翻译方法和技巧,提高语言组织和表达能力,更深入的理解文章的内容,丰富不同方面的背景知识,把握篇章整体结构,从而整体提升阅读的能力。所以,精翻绝对是提高英语水平、考研英语拿高分的必经之路。下面老毙就为大家介绍下正确做精翻的四个步骤:第一遍翻译不要查单词,不要翻语法书,就根据自己认识的词,自己的理解翻译,遇到生词就根据语境和上下文去推理和引申,争取推出单词和短语的含义,遇到长而难的复杂句子,要划分下句子结构,找出主从句,分清修饰成分,老毙告诉大家,尽量做到精细化分,然后再一点点的翻译,切忌这一步不要查参考书,一定要自己动手写到纸上,不能仅仅在头脑里想象,那不是做翻译,是在看翻译。第二遍翻译这一遍可以查单词了,把第一遍翻译时不认识的词和短语都查查,看看自己第一遍猜对了没有。如果猜对了,一定记住思路,以后遇到生词时就可以这样猜词义了。如果没猜对,那就从这个单词在词典中的几个意思里选择一个最符合上下文的意思放在文章中去理解。或者是根据语境,在单词基本含义的基础上,对单词的意思进行最符合上下文的推理引申。再就是第一遍分析长难句时如果有不懂的语法现象,翻翻语法书,再重新看看那个长句子到底怎么理解,也就是说在有参考书查阅的情况下再次翻译和修改,应该比第一次翻译的要好了。第三遍翻译这一次可以拿着参考答案的译文来对照了,包括答案中一些对长难句的解析都要看,看看自己欠缺在哪里,是没能根据单词的基本释义推出具体语境的意思,还是长难句理解有问题,没搞清句子结构,主从修饰关系,还是语序没有调整好,语言组织和表达的不够完美等等问题,然后一一改正并记录下来,把该背的单词短语都背下来,然后反思自己的不足,避免下次犯同样的错误,当然,在对照的时候不需要逐字逐句必须和答案完全一致,只要大致意思相同即可。但是语序调整的问题一定要注意。第四遍翻译有了前三遍的基础,相信你一定对文章内容有了很深刻的印象了,对大多数单词和句子以及翻译也都了解了,那么,忘记参考译文,重新再翻译一遍,凭自己对文章内容的理解,用自己的语言再好好翻译润色下自己译文。通常情况下,一篇文章经过这样四遍的翻译,无论是单词,短语,还是句子,你都会有很深刻的认识了,然后把该背下来的都背下来,如果一篇文章能够实打实的做到这四遍,经过一段时间的练习,阅读能力一定有很大的提高和质的飞跃。老毙有一点要提醒小伙伴们,四遍的翻译过程中,思考是最重要的,总结自己做的好的地方,思考自己的不足,不能心急,考研英语本就是个靠点滴积累,慢慢进步不能一蹴而就的科目,只有这样做精翻才是正确的打开方式,才不会浪费时间做无用功。考研使用毙考题,不用再报培训班。

或曰

2019年考研英语二试题难度仅相当于英语六级水平?网友:真的吗

在2019年研究生考试结束后,很多考生都在网上吐槽今年的考研英语一的试题难度太高,一些阅读理解里面的词汇都成为了网上的热搜,比如说单词rural debate等单词都成为了微博的热搜,在百度上也一时间成为了网友争分吐槽的话题。而一些考生事后吐槽说考研英语二的试题难度和英语六级相当,所以考研英语二没什么可复习的,仅仅复习英语六级就可以了,还可以得高分。事实真的如此吗?考生复习先了解一下考研英语。考研英语分为英语一和英语二,一般报考学术型硕士研究生的考生,考研英语考英语一,而对于报考专业型硕士研究生,考研则会考英语二。之所以进行区分,是因为学术型硕士研究生和专业型硕士研究生培养目标不同,学硕是为了培养学术人才,要进行国外大量文献的阅读,才能了解最新的学术成果。而专业型硕士研究生则是为了培养适应企业实际需求的应该型人才,因此对考研英语的考察与学硕相比,考察的侧重点不同,难度有所降低。可以看到英语二的难度明显会低于考研英语一的难度,一般考研英语一成绩在60的同学,他们考研英语二的成绩会在70分左右,而简单的认为考研英语二的难度就和英语六级的难度相当,这是不妥的。英语复习就考研英语和英语六级出题来看,一个是教育部考试中心进行命题,一个是大学英语四六级委员会出题,二者出题的思路和风格不同,前者是选拔考试,后者是能力考试。你六级425分及以上就过了,但考研英语各个专业国家线不一样,不是简单滴过了某个分数线就可以了。就考察的内容来看,由于考研不考听力,所以只分析考研英语二和英语六级相互对应的题型。就考研英语二的阅读理解和英语六级的阅读理解来看,考研英语二的阅读难度要明显的高于英语六级的阅读难度,二者在单词和长难句的理解上,明显考研英语二难度略大一些。就英语六级阅读来看,做一篇阅读的时间大概是15分钟以内,但是考研二英语阅读的做题时间明显会高于15分钟,而且考研英语二的选项的设置更加地刁钻,排除各个选项不容易。而从考研英语二的作文和六级的作文来看,难度不是很大,作文这一部分差异不大。最后从完形填空来看,英语二的难度要比六级的完形填空难度要略高,并不是很容易的就可以做出来。考场外复习从历史来看,考研英语二也只是新生事物,在2010年开始推行,在工商管理硕士英语联考的基础上完善形成,最初的考研英语二确实相对简单,但是后来逐渐地提高了考试的难度,在过去考研英语二的难度比英语六级难度要低,但是现在从阅读理解来看,考试难度已经比英语六级略大了。就每年的考研国家线来看,英语二的国家线大部分的专业分数线在44分上下,还有部分专业是30%左右,大体上是总成绩的45%,而英语六级425及格,大体上总分的60%。因此虽然每年很多学生说英语二难度低于六级,但是从考生总体成绩看,考研英语二的难度高于英语六级的难度。从每年考生的复习准备来看,英语六级很多考生都是准备了3个月或者2个月的很多,但是对于考研英语而言,大部分考生都是准备了8个月甚至更长的时间,考研英语二的复习周期要大于英语六级,但是成绩又如此之低,远远低于英语六级,可以对比出考研英语二的难度大小。因此我们从出题命题、考察内容、历史对比、成绩线对比可以明显看出考研英语二的难度要高于英语六级的难度(听力除外)。而大家又有什么观点和看法,欢迎讨论。

何不为乎

2019年考研英语二终极绝杀预测

【英语二大作文预测】1.话题预测及写作说明:(1)野生动物种群数量变化 Changes about the number of wildlife species,这个话题涉及一些野生物种数量的减少,因此第二段需要分析野生物种减少的原因,具体可以这样分析:1.The society developing, you may see a phenomenonthat the number of some wildlife species is recing. Careful deliberation of this trend has illuminated on why this should be so. Firstly, some people are preoccupied with economic benefits butneglect the importance of ecological balance. Secondly,Undesirable general mood of society should shoulder the blame, such as the graal loss of sense of social responsibility . Last but not least, there are policy bugs onthis issue and authorities concerned exercise inadequate supervision.翻译:随着社会的发展,你会看到一种现象,即一些野生动物的数量在减少。仔细思考这个趋势我终于明白了这是为什么。首先,一些人沉溺于经济利益而忽视了生态平衡的重要性;其次,不良的社会风气也是一个原因,例如逐渐消失的社会责任感。最后,这个事情也设计政策漏洞和监管不到位的情况。(2)私家车数量变化:changes aboutthe number of private cars,这个话题第二段需要分析为什么私家车数量在大幅增加,具体如下:The society developing, you may see a phenomenon that the number of private cars is increasing at an alarming rate. Careful deliberation of this trend has illuminated on why this should be so. The economy developing, people’s wallets are growing increasingly fat and theirconsuming capacity has been enhanced. According to an internet survey, there are 65% people having the economic capability to buy private cars.翻译:随着社会的发展,你会看到一种现象,即私家车的数量大量增加。仔细思考这个趋势我终于明白了这是为什么。随着经济的发展,人们变的越来越富裕并且他们的消费能力增加了。根据一个网络调查,有65%的人都有购买私家车的经济能力。(3)网民数量变化 changes about the number of netizens,这个话题涉及到网民数量增加的问题,第二段需要解释这个现象的原因,具体如下:The society developing, you may see a phenomenon that the number of netizens is increasing at an alarming rate. Careful deliberation of this trend has illuminated on why this should be so. The internet technology developing fast, there exists various job opportunities as well as abundant ecational resources on the internet. Besides, no one could fail to notice that policy consent could also explain the reason why it could be like this.翻译:随着社会的发展,你会看到一种现象,即网民人数在大量增加。仔细思考这个趋势我终于明白了这是为什么。随着网络科技的发展,网络上存在大量的工作机会和丰富的教育资源。其次,我们会注意到政策支持也是这个现象的一个深层次原因。(4)出国回国留学生人数变化 changes about the number of students going abroad and coming home,这个话题涉及到回国留学生人数增加的问题,第二段需要着重解释这个原因,具体如下:The society developing, you may see a phenomenon that the number of netizens is increasing at an alarming rate. Careful deliberation of this trend has illuminated on why this should be so. The economic situation shifting, China’s economy has made great achievement and people’s wallets are growing increasingly fat. As a result, people’s living standard has been raised. Besides, the government has built a sound socialsecurity system and sound health care system. The above factors, as far as I’mconcerned, has uncovered the deep-rooted explanation for what happened.翻译:随着社会的发展,你会看到一种现象,即网民人数在大量增加。仔细思考这个趋势我终于明白了这是为什么。随着经济形势的变化,中国经济发展迅速,人们也越来越富裕了。因此,人们的生活水平提高了。此外,政府也建立了好的社保体系和医疗体系。我认为上面的这些因素揭示了这个现象的深层次原因。(5)居民收入变化 changes about people’s income,居民收入随着经济的发展在增加,第二段需要分析的就是这个现象的与原因,具体如下:With the society being in rapid development, you may frequently see the phenomenon that people in growing number have more income. Many factors could contribute to phenomenon, but the following ones deserve special mention. The time and economic situation shifting, the economy has developed, and people’s wallets are growing fat. Of course, no one could fail to notice that policy consent could explain the reason why it could be like this. According to a survey made by Sina, there are about more than 90% people enjoying high-level living standard.翻译:随着社会的发展,你会看到一种现象,即越来越多的人收入增加了。很多因素都能解释这个现象,但是下面这几个要特别的提一下。随着经济形势的变化,经济发展了,人们就会越来越富裕。当然,我们不应该忽视的是,政策支持也能解释这个现象。根据新浪的调查,90%的人都享受着高水平的生活标准。(6)国内创业情况 the situation about starting up business domestically,创业市场欣欣向荣,我们需要分析这个现象的原因:With the society being in rapid development, you may frequently see the phenomenon that people in growing number start up their business. Many factors could contribute to phenomenon, but the following ones deserve special mention. The time and economic situation changing, there is policy support for this issue. Besides, some people are clear about their personal demand and full of enterprising spirit, so starting up business is a way to realize their self-value.翻译:随着社会的发展,你会看到一种现象,即越来越多的人收入增加了。很多因素都能解释这个现象,但是下面这几个要特别的提一下。随着时代和经济形势的变化,政策支持创业。此外,一些人有着明确的个人需求,并且他们富有创业精神,因此创业就是一条很好的实现他们个人价值爱的途径。(7)大学生就业与创业人数比 the contrast about the number of students hunting jobs and starting up business,大学生找工作的情况不容乐观,因此创业人数大量增加。第二段的写作可以参考:The competition of job hunting becomes fierce and job opportunities are recing.Besides,some graates are short of knowledge and ability and they are socially inexperienced. That’s why the situation about job hunting is determined like this. About starting up business,there is policy support for this issue. So starting up business is a good way to realize some students self-value.翻译:找工作竞争激烈,并且工作机会在减少。此外,一些毕业生缺乏工作要求的相关知识和能力,并且没有社会经验。这就不难理解关于大学生就业的情况为什么是这样的。关于创业,政策支持是一个重要原因,因此,创业就成为一些学生实现自我价值的一个好途径。2.写作模板(1)说明:其实话题的预测对于我们写作来说,有两个作用:一是提供主题词翻译;二是可以提前准备第二段的原因分析。因此,这两点我在后面的内容中给大家提供了很好的解决方案,即使前面的预测没有预测中,也没有什么大的影响。好好看下面的安全框架把:第一段写法1. 总体描述(有变化)As we can seein this linearpie chart, the number of主题词 has changed dramatically/slightly/moderately ring the past 年数years from 年份 to 年份.(有变化)There are some statistics in the chart, which shows a variation in terms of the number of主题词(有变化)It is clearly demonstrated by the graph a dramatic/slight variation with regard to the numberof主题词(无变化)It is clearly demonstrated by the graph the numbers/figures/statistics/date with regard to主题词*主题词翻译方法*1.找出主题词的核心词;2.区分核心词的定语(前置定语;后置定语)3.翻译*关于定语*1.前置定语:单词形容词:a smart boy名词:a history book代词:my watch现在分词:a developing Country过去分词:a developed Country2.后置定语:短语;句子=定语从句形容词短语:a job difficultto finish介词短语:the key to the door不定式短语:a plan to go abroad现在分词短语:a friend coming to the party过去分词短语:a gift bought by meEg: 国内汽车市场份额某公司员工工作满意度中国过去20年间城镇与乡村人口变化2. 细节描述(增加;减少;波动;保持平稳;占比重)(1)The number of sth had a dramatic/slightincrease/decrease ring the span from始时to终时, which was from始量to终量(2)There be a speedy/moderate rise/drop from 始量 to终量 in the number/proportion of sth between始时and终时.(3)A dramatic/slight increase/decrease from 始量 to 终量 was witnessed in the number of sth ring the span from 始时 to 终时.(4)主题词 has experienced an apparent tendency of decrease/increase, with the proportion/number declining/rising from 始量to 终量.(5) The number/figures/situation of sth bottomed outin年份.A的数字(情况)在某年达到底部。(6)The number of 对象1 is 数字 times as much/many as the number of 对象2. 对象1的数量是对象2数量的...倍。(7)The percentage of sth1 is slightly larger/smaller than that of sth2.Sth1的比例比sth2的比例略高(低)。(8)表示波动1)The number of sth experienced an evident fluctuation from…to…(可加数字也可加年份)2)The number of sth has/have witnessed a swing from…to…(可加数字也可加年份)3)The number of sth rises/ rose and falls/ fell repeatedly from…to…(可加数字也可加年份)(9)静态表达1.由……组成:consist of, bemade up of, be composed of2.占多大比例:account for, make up, take up, occupy(10)表示不变的表达1)Over the period from年份to年份, the number of sth remained level.在...至...期间,...基本不变。2)The number of sth remained steady/stable from 年份to年份.月(年)至...月(年) A的数量基本不变。3)There is not a great deal of difference between the number of A and B...与...的区别不大。二. 第二段:原因分析***第二段写作逻辑***1. 第一句写第一段数据描写体现出的现状,相当于第二段原因分析的对象,也是第二段的主题句。2. 第二句写原因引导句3. 第三句---第六句写原因分析:原因框架句;原因预测句;原因支撑句。组合方式如下:1个原因框架句+1到2个原因预测句+1个原因支撑句;2到3个原因预测句组合成一句+1到2个原因支撑句。第一句:描述数据反映出的现状1.With the society developing fast=With the societybeing in rapid development, you may frequently hear (of ) the term of +主题词/ you may frequently see the phenomenon of +主题 / that+句子.2.The current days / recent years / modern society / recent world has witnessed the phenomenon of 主题(that 句子)3.In this day and age, nothing has aroused more attention than 主题词 / the phenomenon that +从句.第二句:原因引导句1.Careful deliberation of this trend has illuminated me on why this should be so.2.Many factors could contribute to this issue/thisphenomenon/this problem, but the following ones deserve special mention.3.From my perspective, this phenomenon/situationmainly attributes to the following reasons.第三句-第六句:分析原因原因框架句①原因名词+constitutes one of the primary reasons.②原因名词+also accountsfor this phenomenon.③No one could fail to notice that原因名词could explain the reason why it could be like this.④原因名词+consists of one of the primary reasons for+主题词/this issue/phenomenon/problem.⑤Perhaps the main/primary/fundamental reason is原因名词第二段原因预测:(包含“原因预测句”)1. 经济的发展economic development/enhancement/advancementsustainable development of economyThe economy has made great achievment.2. 科技进步technology development/enhancement/advancementThe science and technology has made great achievement.3. 人口数量多large population base;larger number of populationThe population has increased.4. 生活水平提高high-level living standardThe living standard has been raised/improved/enhanced5. 人民更加富裕rich/wealthy people/folkThe folks/people/citizens are growing richer.The folk/people/citizen’s wallets are growing fat.6. 消费能力提高high consuming capacityThe consuming capacity has been enhanced/improved.7. 消费观念发生变化the alteration of consumption ideathe shift about notion of consumptionThe consumption idea has changed/altered/shifted.8. 时代变了The age/time/year/era has been changed/altered/shifted.The age/time/year/era is different.9. 经济形势变化the shift/alteration/changeof economic situation/circumstanceThe economicsituation/circumstance has been changed/altered/shifted.10.政策支持/反对policy support/opposition; policy consent/objectionThe policy favors sth.There is policy support for sth/opposition againststh.11.产品价格下降/上升low/high priceof proctThe price of proct has dropped/has been cut.The proct runs cheaper.12.沟通方式发生变化the alteration/shift of theway/means of communicationOur era has witnessed the alteration/shift of thecommunication mode.The communication mode has altered/shifted/changed.13.市场需求发生变化the alteration/shift of marketrequirement/demandMarket demand has altered/shifted.14.交通便利convenient traffic; developedtransportationthere isconvenient traffic in+地点15.性价比提高high performance cost ratiohighly cost effectiveThe cost-performance ratio ofsth. is raised/high/enhanced.16.产品种类丰富various kinds of proctsa variety of proctsThere is a variety of procts17.产品质量提高high-quality proctThe proct quality has beenimproved.18.激烈的竞争fierce/hot competition19.质量问题quality problemThe procts/Sth. have/hasquality problem.20.销售策略的影响the impact of marketingstrategies/tacticsSth. is/are influenced/impactedby marketing strategies/tactics.21.产品无优势no proct superiorityThe proct possesses nosuperiority.22.目标不清楚/不同obscure/dim/different target/aim23.不知道自己的需求Sb. is/are unclear abouthis/her/their personal demand.Sb. have/has no idea abouthis/her/their personal demand.24.缺乏计划Sb. is short of/lacks plan forsth./doing sth..25.缺乏社会经验Sb. is socially inexperienced.Sb. lacks social experience.26.收入少low incomeSb. belongs to low-incomegroup/earners.27.压力大/小low/high pressure/stresssb. are/is stressed out.28.无法实现自我价值Sb. cannot realize hisself-value.29.缺乏进取心Sb. is not aggressive.Sb. has/have weak enterprising spirit.Sb. is/are lack/full(充满) of enterprising spirit.30.期待与现实的差距the gap between expectation andrealityThere is/are/exist(s) a gap between sb’s expectation and reality.31.生活稳定stable lifeSb. live(s) a stable life.32.生活态度不同different life attitudeSb. have/has a different attitude towards life.33.社保体系完善sound social security systemThe government has built a sound social security system.34.业余时间多/少Sb. have/has less/more spare time.Sb. can spare more/less time after school/work.35.缺乏知识/能力Sb. is/are short ofknowledge/ability to do sth.Sb. is/are not capable of doing sth.36.有/无工作需求/找工作Sb. need/do(es) not need to work.There is (no) need for sb. to work/hunt a job.37.工作目标不明确unclear/vague work objective/goal38.人口转移population transfer from...to... 39.工作机会多various job opportunitiesThere exist various job opportunities.40.教育资源丰富abundant/adequate ecational resourcesThere are abundant/adequateecational resources.41.医疗体系健全sound health care systemThere is a sound health care system + 地点.42.公共设施完善sound social infrastructureThere is a sound social infrastructure +地点.43.注重生活品质People attach great importance to quality of life.44.生活丰富多彩colorful lifeSb. can live a more colorful life +地点.45.耕地减少Farm land is lessened/reced/decreased.46.传统观念traditional convention/custom47.美好祝愿good/best wishes48.生活环境单调monotonous/boring living environmentsb. live(s) in a monotonous living environment.49. 计划生育Family planning; birth control.50. 渴求知识Sb yearns for knowledge;Sb aspires after knowledge.原因支撑句①That’s why the situation about解释对象is determined like this.②The above factor(s), as far as I’m concerned, has uncovered the deep rooted explanation for what happened about解释对象.③The above reason(s), I guess, has illustrated why the situation about解释对象should be so.④According to a survey make by Sina, there are about % sb (not)doing sth.三. 末段(总结 + 建议+展望)1. 总结(1)Taking into account what has been argued, we cancome to the conclusion that this established trend is positive and therefore acceptable.(正面现象)考虑到上面的讨论,我们可以总结出:这个既定的趋势是积极的,因此是可以接受的。(2)Taking the above mentioned into consideration, I reckon +考虑到上面提到的内容,我认为+①that we have discovered essential factors behind this issue/phenomenon.我们发现了这个现象背后的重要原因。②that reasonable analysis has been made to form a clear understanding of this phenomenon合理的分析帮助我们清楚的理解了这个现象。(3)In a word, we have reached a profound understanding of this phenomenon/fact/issue/matter.总而言之,我们已经深刻的理解了这个现象或者事实或者事情。(4)All in all, after a detailed analysis, profound reasons behind this phenomenon are determined.总之,在我们的详细分析之后,我们已经找到了这个现象背后的深层次原因。2. 建议(解决第二段这个现象可能出现的负面后果或者让第二段这个现象朝着更好的方向发展)①In light of/In terms of the problem/phenomenon revealed by the statistics, 政府/媒体 should shoulder the responsibility to do sth,关于数据揭示的这个现象或者问题,政府或者媒体应该肩负起做什么事情的责任。②I reckon it is prime/high time that 学校/个人 should do sth我认为,学校/个人是时候做什么事情了。注意:这里的do sth与上面的原因有关系。例如:3. 展望(合适就用,不合适就不要用了)In a word,although it`s easier said than done, we can make it with perseverance/our longstanding effort and stamina.(正面现象结尾)总之,虽然说比作更容易,但是我们仍然可以用我们的坚持/长期的努力办到。As long as we can capitalize its strength and dodge its adverse aspects, we can definitely benefit remarkably from it.(争议现象结尾)只要我们能够发扬它的优势,规避它的劣势,我们一定可以从它受益良多。If we can take immediate action as the above mentioned, this undesirable phenomenon can surely be eliminated sooner or later.(负面现象结尾)如果我们可以像上面那样立即采取行动,这个不要的现象迟早会被消除。3.真题范文:2010年大作文Directions: In this section, you are asked to writean essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) Interpret the chart and2) Give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)As we can see in this bar chart, the number of mobile phone subscriptions in both developing and developed Countries has changed dramatically ring the past nine years from 2000 to 2008. The number of the mobile phone subscriptions in developing Countries had a dramatic increase which was from 400 million/0.4 billion to 4 billion. There was a moderate rise from 0.5 billion to 1 billion in the number of that of the developed Countries in the same period.With the society developing fast, you may see the phenomenon that people in growing number use mobile phone. Careful deliberation of this trend has illuminated me on why this should be so. The economy being in rapid development, the people are growing richer and their consuming capacityhas been enhanced. According to a survey make by Sina, there are about 86%people in developing Countries owning cell phones. While, no one could fail to notice that small population base could explain the reason why it could be like this in developed Countries.Taking into account what has been argued, we can come to the conclusion that this established trend is positive and therefore acceptable. In light of/In terms of the phenomenon revealed by the statistics,the government should shoulder the responsibility to strengthen the communications infrastructure construction. In a word, although it`s easier said than done, we can make it with ourlong standing effort and stamina.

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2019年考研初试英语二阅读试题答案及解析text1

2019年考研初试英语二阅读试题答案及解析text12019考研英语(二)阅读真题Text1是关于内疚的好处的文章,第一篇文章总体不难,文都教育的英语老师就第一篇阅读答案给大家做了解析,为了方便核对,我们将选项也对应给出。阅读理解Text1 答案21. [C] foster a child’s moral development22. [B] burdensome23. [D] an emotion can play opposing roles24. [B] can result from either sympahty or guilt25. [D] wrongdoings解析:21. 根据题干Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help______.内容定位到第一段最后一句This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing. 由最后一句的this指代词,可知原因在第一段的前几句,根据第一句Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. 和第二句Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. 可知内疚不是天生的,而是和一个孩子的道德规范有关,是通过后天学习获得的。因此答案是C 选项 foster a child’s moral development。22. 根据题干According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be______.定位到第二段第一句In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. 另外第二句It is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. 也进一步解释了第一句。由这两句可知许多人认为内疚是不好的,令人不舒服的,让人感觉沉重,就像是衣服口袋里有石头一样,因此答案为B选项burdensome。23. 根据题干Vaish hold that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that______.中的关键词Vaish定位到第二段第四句,根据第四句中的adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. 可知这种复兴是更大的认识的一部分,即情绪不是二元情感,在一个情境中有利的情绪,在一个情景中可能是有害的。其中第4句中的revival和题干中的rethinking对应,第四句中的recognition和题干中的awareness对应,因此答案是D 选项 an emotion can play opposing roles。24. 根据题干Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _______. 定位到第四段第三句 In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. 根据第三句可知内疚和和同情可能代表了通往合作和分享的不同的路径。可以得出,答案是B 选项can result from either sympahty or guilt。25. 根据题干中的关键词transgressions可以定位到第五段第二句Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. 根据第二句中的 feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. 可以看到negative emotions 来源于transgressions. 而negative emotions表示负面情绪是贬义的,因此对比4个选项,可以得出答案是D选项wrongdoings.以上就是文都教育考研老师为各位考生带来的2019考研英语二阅读Text 1的答案解析,文都教育考研英语老师预祝大家考上理想的学校。(来源:文都教育)

幸平

你要的考研英语二复习思路,干货满满!

上一期,鼬老师分享了考研政治复习规划,获得了较好的反响,错过的小伙伴可以关注鼬老师,阅读“考研政治复习规划,是时候开始背书啦!”有小伙伴留言问我关于英语二的复习攻略,今天鼬老师就跟大家分享一下英语二各考点的复习思路~1 单词推荐书 :朱伟《恋恋有词》。我一直觉得背单词是件枯燥又费力的事情,所以不太喜欢拿本厚厚的单词书一直背。考研阶段我只用了一本单词书,就是人手一本的绿皮书《恋恋有词》,个人觉得这本书背起来很有成就感,因为单词大部分都是熟悉的,给的释义也是高频常见的,最有用的是给的例句是真题里抽出来的,所以背单词的时候还可以练习阅读,后期我还用这本书的例句练习了翻译,可以说非常实用了。有时间的话,建议听听这本书配套的网课,课里对单词的用法进行了补充,可以记在书上,另外朱伟是一个年轻又风趣的老师,听他的课也是一种放松的方式。2 阅读推荐书:张剑《黄皮书 》英语二10-18。阅读只做真题就行了,任何模拟题都比不上真题,而且真题并不是只做一遍,还是很多的,所以不建议大家花时间和精力做模拟题。我第一遍做的英语一94-17,二刷三刷做的07-17,英语二10-17也做了三遍。建议大家在单词背完一遍后在做题,因为英语一比较难,在词汇量不够的情况下直接做题很容易看不懂。我第一遍的时候一天只做一篇阅读理解,做完后将文中的生词、长难句记到本子上,每天早上拿出来背。张剑的黄皮卷也对重点词汇和句子有解析,不想摘抄的可以直接背黄皮卷上的知识点。二刷三刷时开始一整套的做(除了作文),完型可以暑假再练习。阅读技巧嘛,先浏览一遍题目,再去看阅读,英语二推荐平行阅读法,也就是看完一段阅读就去看题目,一般题目的出题顺序与文章是同步的,等整篇读完,再核对选好的五个选项是否有偏颇。英语一也可以采用这个办法,但要注意英语一的题目需要联系上下文的比较多,因此看完一段不一定就能找出答案。另外注意,英语一第一遍做可能句子读不懂,这时候不要求快,建议不懂的地方标出句子结构画出主谓宾,生词先猜,标记下最后再查词需要补充一点的是,有很多同学疑问,为什么考英语二要做英语一,这是因为,一方面英语二出的晚只有九年的题目,不够练习,模拟题又不如真题,所以要练英语一;另一方面,英语一的难度大于英语一,先难后易,等到英语一做熟以后,英语二会很简单。有人担心一和二的考察思路不同,会不会影响做英语二,我觉得不会,两者思路差别主要在于英语二问题问的直接,不像英语一,问题有些拐弯抹角,不仅考理解,还考逻辑,题目的答案往往是最凝练的那个,还需要联系上下文,而且选项中如果有原文的句子,那么这个选项往往是最先排除的,但是英语二有可能答案就是原文的句子。做完英语一再做英语二做题可能会因为多想导致选项选错,这主要是因为没熟悉英二的做题思路,多做几套题就好了,思路很容易转换回来的,毕竟英语二的问题都很直接,如果担心英语一扰乱做英二的思路,拒绝做英语一,这样是得不偿失的。3 翻译不需要买辅导书,翻译真题就够了,刚开始时,可以摘抄文中长难句翻译,二刷三刷真题时,尝试整段翻译。英语一如果翻译起来困难,不必勉强自己整篇翻译,英语一的句子确实晦涩难懂,而英二的翻译远没有那么难,所以可以只翻译部分句子,等到英语二再试着翻译文章。4 作文推荐书:《王江涛满分写作》。写作建议大家背作文,我从九月份开始每天背一个大作文一个小作文,一开始没有话可写,最后脑子里存了很多模板句,提笔就知道开头怎么写。小作文有很多题型,比如感谢信、邀请信,一定要熟悉每种信的格式、开头句、结尾句,这时候就需要大家总结每种小作文的关键句与格式,并仿写。大作文,第一段要描述表格或者图,描述的语言可以说是是固定的,所以要积累描述表格或图的模板句;第二段是议论,一般要提出建议或者分析原因,建议采用总分结构,开头总括,接下来分三个方面细说;最后一段总结,呼吁,提出倡议等。作文可以晚点准备,但不能不准备只想着十二月份押题,毕竟作文30分占比还是很大的,对管理类联考来说,一分都很重要,所以不能忽视作文。5 完型个人觉得是最难的题,因为考的知识点多,比如词汇、词组搭配、语义理解、语法,如果基础不好,需要花很多时间背语法、词组搭配,像高中背英语笔记一样,一点点积累。很多人直接放弃这部分的,因此投入-产出比太低……但我觉得有时间的话,就多努力,不要轻易放弃,也许就是这几分拉开了你与对手的距离。最后 还要提醒一点,真题珍贵,尤其英语二,就几年的题目,不要浪费,一定要好好做啊。祝大家都能考到理想的分数~更多考研资讯,欢迎关注鼬老师~

私语

考研英语二怎么备考?学姐来教你!

最近20届考研党成绩要出来啦,很多21小伙伴也紧张了起来,纷纷问我考研英语二怎么备考,先说一下我的情况吧!我呢基础不太好,四级低分飘过,英二78上岸。所以如果有基础差的小伙伴问考研英语二怎么备考,就可以参考一下我的情况~基础差考研的话,主要还是单词和真题,这两部分把基础补上去,过线没问题。如果你现在纠结方法,相信我先开始背单词,再做真题,别想些别的了!你要了解考研英语二怎么备考的基本步骤。(一)复习单词单词直接用乱序版的词汇背就行了,每天过个1单元,基本一个月就能把词汇书过一大半。单词书我用的《考研词汇闪过》,里面按真题考频划分了重点,有高频词、中频词和低频词,还有常考短语讲用法,不仅省时间,还能掌握高频词的用法。背英语单词的时候,不用太在意自己每天背了忘。英语单词就是这样,你背75个有可能只能记住20个,你背20个有可能只能记住10个。考研英语这么多单词就是让你过的,有些同学有可能考研复习结束单词书都只过了一遍,这种肯定有很多单词记忆不起来的。考研单词最起码都要过三遍,更别说你每天背,估计5遍以上都有了。所以从现在就开始背单词吧!(二)复习真题真题里面最重要的就是阅读,所以我就说下阅读,得阅读者得高分。阅读理解4篇文章,20个题目,每题2分,共40分。阅读理解这块的内容主要来源是国外的一些杂志周刊:《经济学人》《 时代周刊 》《自然杂志》《 卫报》《 纽约时报》其实就和中国的人民日报,新华报什么的差不多。先准备资料:真题书:英语二《考研圣经》,是英语一《考研真相》的英语二版本,基础薄弱想大幅提分就用它!逐句图解文章,不用查语法书、不用担心看不懂文章。而且里面有完整的解题方法:不仅从题干分析,教你选出正确答案,而且从选项分析一步一步排除干扰项。这2方法能让你提高做题正确率,方法适用于做任何阅读题。别的书解析没这么细致,解题思路也简单,下次还不会做题。那么怎么才能利用真题资料搞定阅读呢?下面给出一些真题的方法,仅供参考:1.常规做一篇阅读,用时20分钟(做完先不要对答案)2.全文翻译,一笔一笔写在一本本子上,用时2.5小时(对照解析看看自己翻译的有什么问题,并做好生词短语的记录,平时没事都可以拿出来记一记)3.对着翻译再做文章,用时15分钟(对答案)4.对着错误答案看解析,知道自己错在什么地方。总结一下题型,避免再次出错。5.一篇下来至少两小时,前期每天就只做一篇就行了,后期熟悉了,就一天一套卷子。 而且,考研单词的重复率很高,18年的整张卷子单词70%在前五年的真题里出现过,所以真题里的每一个你不认识的单词你都要把它消化掉。所以,好好利用你身边的真题吧,少年!考研英语二怎么备考?单词和阅读真的不能丢,最后两个月作文也要抓起来!要不然到了考场,作文都写不完就亏大了!

盛以荚衍

「考研英语」2020强化班英语二写作 翻译 新题型名师讲座

每日获得更多免费课程讲座课程目录强化写作英语二-王江涛小作文-备忘录 报告小作文-告示(上)写作强化20大必背范文-英语二写作强化20大必背范文音频(英语二)小作文-告示(下)小作文-书信真题透视(上)写作-小作文讲义小作文-书信真题透视(下)小作文-书信写作格式(上)小作文-书信写作格式(下)小作文-书信经典范文(上)小作文-书信经典范文(下)大作文-第一节行文大法(1)大作文-第一节行文大法(2)大作文-第一节行文大法(3)大作文-第一节行文大法(4)大作文-第二节(一)社会热点(1)大作文-第二节(一)社会热点(2)大作文-第二节(一)社会热点(3)大作文-第二节(二)教育文化大作文-第二节经典范文(1)大作文-第二节经典范文(2)大作文-第二节经典范文(3)强化班新题型英语二-王晟强化班翻译英语二-唐静考研翻译导学翻译题型和命题原则考研翻译评分标准(1)三大结构之定语从句讲义(英语二)翻译基础知识讲义(英语二)考研翻译评分标准(2)做翻译翻译勘误说明翻译勘误说明翻译解题步骤总体复习安排考研翻译考试要点定语从句的翻译-主要表现和特殊表现定语从句的翻译-前置讲解(1)定语从句的翻译-前置讲解(2)定语从句的翻译-后置讲解(1)定语从句的翻译-后置讲解(2)字字对译到通顺翻译.mp4翻译技巧之:词语调整状语从句的翻译-时间状语从句状语从句的翻译-原因状语从句状语从句的翻译-让步条件从句状语从句的翻译-目的结果从句被动结构的翻译(1)考研英语二翻译讲义(导学部分)被动结构的翻译(2)新东方英语二 强化讲义李旭英语28分阅读真题精讲【英语二】--- the end ---精品课程资源分享每天更新不容易,您的支持是我们走下去的动力,请点下方 “在看”支持下我们

外生

2020年考研英语二完形填空详解

Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. 当然,每个家长都想成为一个好家长。(Being a good parent 动名词作主语。What every... to be是表语从句。)But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very tricky, particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting.但是给“好家长“下定义毫无疑问非常难,主要是因为同样的养育方式对孩子们起到的作用是不一样的。(生词:define使明确,下定义defining what...good parent动名词作主语。Undoubtedly=doubtless毫无疑问 tricky复杂的,微妙的,狡猾的,棘手的since由于因为引导原因状语从句respond to对……反应,回应,回答)A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, for example, a younger sibling.比如,一种不同的养育方式对一个安静听话的小孩儿起的作用比他的弟弟妹妹要好一些。(生词:rule-following听话的,规规矩矩的sibling兄弟姐妹)Fortunately , there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to describe: a patient parent. 幸运的是,还有一种比较容易描述的家长:耐心的家长。Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, while every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy task. 每个年龄段的孩子们都会得益于耐心的养育。然而,尽管每个家长都想有耐心,但是这不是一件容易的事。(生词benefit from受益于while引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管”)Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a tolerant and composed style with their kids. I understand this.有时候父母很累很沮丧,对他们的孩子们不能保持一种容忍和冷静的态度。这我能理解。(生词:exhausted疲倦的frustrated沮丧的maintain保持,坚持tolerant容忍的compose组成,作曲,composed冷静的)You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can push you just a little too far.And then the inevitable happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too harsh and does nobody any good. 你只是个普通人,有时候你的孩子们会把你逼急了,那不可避免地出现以下这种情况:你失去了耐心,要么对着你的孩子们大喊大叫,要么说一些很伤人的话。这样对谁都不好。(生词push you too far=push you too hard把你逼得太紧inevitable不可避免的harsh刺耳的严厉的)You wish that you could turn back the clock and start over. We’ve all been there.你希望你能让时光倒流,然后重新开始。我们都有过这样的情况。However, even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may regret for a long time. 然而,即使这是很普遍的现象,你还是要记住仅仅是一瞬间的疲倦你都可能会对你孩子说一些你也许会后悔很长时间的话。这一点很重要。(生词:fatigue疲倦 keep in mind that...记住 in a single of moment一瞬间,一刹那)This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also affect your child’s self-esteem.这不仅仅破坏了你和孩子之间的关系而且影响了你孩子的自尊。(生词:do damage to破坏,损坏self-esteem自尊)If you consistently lose your cool with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. 如果你总是对你的孩子失去冷静(发脾气),那你无意中就会给你的孩子们树立一个情绪失控的榜样。(consistently一致的,始终如一的inadvertently无意中,不经意之间model... for sb给某人树立一个……的榜样a lack of缺乏emotional 情绪的,动情的,情感上的)We are all becoming increasingly aware of the importance of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. 我们都越来越意识到给年轻一代人树立一个宽容耐心的榜样。(生词:increasingly 日益,格外,越来越be aware of意识到tolerance宽宏大量,宽容)This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when confronted by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.这是一个对孩子们终身有益的技能。事实上,当面对压力时,控制情绪的能力是人一生中最重要的能力之一。(生词:regulate调节,控制be confronted by/with遇到,面对)Certainly, it’s incredibly hard to maintain patience at all times with your children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with trying situations involving your children.当然,对你的孩子们总是保持有耐心是很难的。当面临涉及到你的孩子们的令人难以忍受的情况时,有一个更实用的目标就是尽力,尽你最大的努力,尽可能地去保持宽容和冷静。(生词:incredibly 难以置信地,很at all times总是,一直practical实际的,实用的。trying令人难以忍受的,令人厌烦的,难堪的 involve牵涉,包括,涉及,与……有关,参与)I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and emerge from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.我可以向你承诺:朝着这个目标努力的结果就是你和你的孩子们都会受益的,也会摆脱掉压力,身心会更健康。(生词:As a result of 由于emerge from从……中出来physically身体上emotionally情绪上1. A tedious B pleasantC instructive D tricky2. A in addition B for exampleC at once D by accident3. A FortunatelyB Occasionally C Accordingly D Eventually4. A amuse B assist C describe D train5. A whileB because C unless D once6. A answer B taskC choice D access7. A tolerantB formal C rigid D critical8. A move B drag C pushD send9. A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable10. A boring B naive C harshD vague11.A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up12. A Overall B Instead C However D Otherwise13. A like B miss C believe D regret14. A raise B affectC justify D reflect15. A time B bond C race D cool16. A nature B secret C importanceD context17. A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted18. A terrible B hardC strange D wrong19. A tryingB changing C exciting D surprising20. A hide B emerge C withdraw D escape

将赏从者

2020考研英语二翻译真题及答案!速对!

2020考研英语二翻译【真题原题】It's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere. Put simply, they are not really living at all But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up t0 us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as "the end of the world," or as proof of just how inadequate we are. Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something; we can choose to look for the lesson were meant to learn. These lessons are very important; they are how we grow, and how we keep form making that same mistake again Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise. For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.【参考译文】人生中不经历一些失败几乎是不可能的。但是,失败的美妙之处在于,如何看待失败完全取决于我们。我们可以选择把失败看作是 ”世界末日 ”,或者我们可以把失败看作是常有的的极好的学习机会。每当我们在某件事上失败的时候,我们可以选择寻找我们应该吸取的教训。这些教训非常重要,它们是我们成长的方式,也是我们避免再犯同样的错误的方法。只有我们选择放弃的时候失败才能够阻止我们。失败也可以让我们更好地认识自己,如果没有失败我们决不可能认识到这样的自己。比如,失败可以让你发现你有多么强大。在某些事情上的失败可以帮助你发现你最真诚的朋友,或者帮助你找到意想不到的通往成功的动力。-----------------------------------分割线-----------------------------------------------------对完答案,不论结果是好是坏,希望你能放松心态。人生时时都在面对考试,所谓考研,也不过是人生考试的一部分,所以,一定要坚强面对,加油!20考研已经完了,21考研的小伙伴也该准备起来了,这里给大家推荐一些考研英语专用书单:单词书:闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》(按考频划了频考词、基础词、偶考词和超纲词4类单词,重点记频考词和基础词,挺省时间的。)真题书:英一只推荐《考研真相》,英语二就用《考研圣经》(真题文章都是逐句图示细讲的,重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解,不怕你看不懂文章,还有就是排除干扰项,提高做题的正确率,适合基础弱的人用。)写作书:英一《写作160篇》,英二《写作宝中宝》(很适合英语基础不太好的同学,里面有总结高分词汇、基础句型,还有经典模板之类的,可以先从词、句、段、篇开始学会写作文,然后再学习书里话题、句式、模板、思路,写一些有亮点的高分作文。)

山无蹊隧

考研英语一、英语二翻译及解析

英语一 翻译2019英语一翻译讲述医疗杂志文章质量下降这样一个现象,并分析了原因及危害,以及呼吁我们应该做什么。这和考研英语作文一样的结构——提出问题、分析问题、解决问题。我们来聊聊考察语言点的变化。首先,49题考查对虚拟语气的正确理解和翻译。这是英语一1997年以来首次考查复杂虚拟语气的翻译!这表明,不能因为历年真题没有考查过就认定不会考。考生需要掌握英语所有常见语法知识点,方可应对英译汉。其次,47题考查比较结构,这是历史上第一次考查带有倍数的比较结构,并且第二比较项中的"would have done"这种带推测的动词形式在翻译中几乎没有考查过,而且也不作为阅读理解的考点。所以考生并没有予以重视,预计得分率很低。然后是词汇方面。英译汉每年都考查大量的多义词、派生词和固定用法,今年也不例外。比如46题中的多义词"lay"、复合形容词"short-lived";49题中的多义词"associates"以及固定用法"in return for";还有,50题中的派生词"reprocible"和"incentivize"。以上都会给考场中紧张的考生造句困难。杨凡达老师预计今年的英译汉难度系数会在0.35-0.4之间,与去年持平或略简单。46)There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.参考译文:这些医学杂志中包含大量这种无稽之谈,如果广播电台和非专业媒体对此信以为真并加以报道,这将引发人们的健康恐慌以及短期的饮食热潮。难点1:"nonsense"。直接翻译成“废话”扣分,因为在这句中不是那层意思。原文前面说每周吃超过多少克的西兰花会导致年纪大了后更容易贫血。其实我们平常在新闻中看到类似的言论有很多。作者的意思是这些都是扯淡,没有严谨的科学依据。所以这里的"nonsense"译为“无稽之谈”要好一些。难点2:短语"take up"的意思是“接受并开始做/从事某事”。意思是这些广播电台听信了这样的说法就会如何如何。难点3:"the lay press"中的"lay"是难点,不是我们熟知的“放置、铺设”等的意思。"lay"在这里做形容词,表示“非专业的,外行的”,所以"layman"这个词表示“门外汉”。这里的"the lay press"指的是非专业媒体,大概就是那种野鸡媒体。难点4:"short-lived"可根据其本身和上下文来猜测其大概含义。"short"表示短,"lived"表示活着,所以"short-lived"大概意思是“短命的”,在这里引申为“短暂的,为期不长的”。47)nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would otherwise have been required for the same post only 10 years ago.参考译文:现如今,任何一个申请研究岗位的人事先必须发表论文的数量,是10年前申请同一岗位所需论文数量的两倍。难点1:处理这句话中的比较结构。通读句子,我们大概得到的信息是“A是B的两倍”,只是如何把这句话翻的通顺是需要思考的。难点2:"would otherwise have been"是后半句的难点,"otherwise"字面意思是“否则”,但如果润色到位可以不用翻译出来。但"would have done"这种特殊的谓语形式,其实很多同学会觉得比较难。这个结构表示“合理推测”,在虚拟语气中经常出现,比如"I would have been a programmer but end up being an English teacher."(我本可以成为一名程序员,结果却当了英语老师)。在这句话中,用"would have been"表示如果是十年前,本可以怎么样怎样。48)Attempts have been made to curb this kind of tendency to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant's published papers.参考译文:人们已经尝试扭转这种趋势,比如除发表数量外,在评估申请人已发表论文时引入与质量挂钩的衡量标准。难点1:被动语态"have been made"如何处理。我在翻译课反复强调被动语态的处理方法,主要手段有将“被”字转译为其它汉子或将被动语态转为主动语态亦或者总体换一个说法。考生在考场上需要做的是用这几种方法去尝试,合理通顺即可。这一句的"Attempts have been made to …"可译为“人们已经尝试…”。难点2:"as well as"。很多人以为这是“而且”的意思,可以代替"and",但这只是它的其中一种用法。我记得我在某课中讲解过"as well as"的另一种用法——表示“除…之外还有…”,在句子中充当定语。在48题中,如果我们将"as well as"理解为第一种情况,"some measure of quality as well as quantity"的意思是“某种质量和数量的衡量标准”。好像没太明白是什么意思,对不对?上下文告诉我们,因为只看论文数量导致大家拼命写论文而导致质量下降,所以我们已经采取了一些搜段来改变这种状况,那不就是应该在数量之外引入新的衡量标准,比如论文质量。所以"as well as"在这里符合第二种情况,表示“除…之外还有…”。考生在考场上需要迅速做出这样的判断,难度比较大,所以杨老师认为这0.5分很多考生拿不到。难点3:"an applicant's published papers"。这个语言点考得很细,考查过去分词的语义。过去分词可以表“完成”或“被动”,考生需要根据语境判断。这里所说的“申请者的论文”指什么?第47句告诉我们申请者需要在申请之前发表一定数量的论文。根据这一点,我们可以断定"published"在这里表示完成,那么"an applicant's published papers"指“申请者已经发表的论文”。49)This would be reasonable enough if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favors.参考译文:这种做法本应该是合理的,但事实上,科学家可以轻易在未来发表文章中引用自己写的文章,或者和同行约定引用对方的文章。难点1:如何翻译虚拟语气(非真实条件句)?简单的诸如"If I were you, I would buy the car"(如果我是你,我会买这辆车。)很好处理。但49这一题比较复杂,其核心结构是"This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that …",大致可以翻译为“如果不是因为这样一个事实,这会是合理的”。不过,因为“事实”对应的内容非常长,而且“如果…这会是…”也不太符合汉语表达习惯,所以杨凡达老师将其润色为“这种做法本应该是合理的,但事实上,…”难点2:"associates"为多义词,通常做动词表示“联系”,在这里做名词用表示“同事”。难点3:"similar favors"。这个短语的字面意思是“相类似的好处”。如果不结合上下文,很难明白这个短语真正想表达什么。前文说“开始引入论文质量衡量体系”,这本是件好事。但所谓道高一尺魔高一丈,研究者会利用机制漏洞继续发表低质量作文,也就是"the fact that …"之后的内容。比如,他们会在新文章中引用自己发表的文章已增加影响因子,或者和同事约定好互相引用,也就对应到原文"get associates to do so for them in return for similar favors"(让同事写论文时引用自己的文章,好处就是自己也去引用对方的文章)。50)If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reprocible, we must ensure that our institutions incentivize that kind of science.参考译文:如果我们认真地想确保我们的科学研究是有意义的,并且可以被后人反复利用,我们就必须保证我们的制度鼓励大家做这样的研究。难点1:如何翻译"reprocible"?这是一个超纲词,但并不“犯规”。意思是,这个单词由常见词根词缀构成——"re = again + proce = make + ible = be able to"。因此,这个单词的字面含义是“可再生的,可复制的,可繁殖的”,也就是“能够再次生产”。不过我们若将"our science is reprocible"翻译为“我们的科学是可再生/复制/繁殖的”显然不妥。那么,作者到底想表达什么?我们还需要借助上下文。整篇文章说医学界论文质量大幅下降,发表的都是“垃圾”,说明这些论文一文不值,对于社会进步没有任何帮助。而好的论文应该可被利用的,比如利用论文成果开发产品改善生活质量、或者给后续科研提供理论基础等等。所以,我将其翻译为“可被后人反复利用”难点2:超纲词"incentivize"。熟悉的配方,熟悉的味道,这依然是由常见词根词缀构成的单词。"incentive"是考研大纲收入的名词,意思是“鼓励、激励”,而"ize"是常见动词后缀,那么"incentivize"理论上可理解为“鼓励、激励”这个动作,而且这也符合原文语境。总结:英语一英译汉板块依然是整张试卷最难的板块,但在这部分上拿到不错分数也并非不可能。我们需要的是方法和态度。方法指的是了解英译汉命题规律和考点,比如一直重点考查的多义词、派生词和固定用法,以及今年首次考查的虚拟语气等。那么我们在背单词阶段的态度应该有所转变。比如,我们需要积累常见词根、词缀以便结合上下文猜测出超纲词的含义,我们还需要积累常见单词的生僻含义以及单词组合起来构成的固定用法(成语)。而且我们在做这些训练的同时,提升的绝对不只是英译汉能力,同时提高的还有阅读理解能力和写作能力。英语二 翻译It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot. He has such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say “I could write a book. I just haven’t the time.” Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game.”While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.参考译文:英国作家吉米哈利的实力容易被低估。他的作品讨喜且通俗易懂以致大家觉得任何人都可以模仿。“我可以写书,我只是没时间。”这种话我听过无数次。说起来容易,做起来却没那么简单。按照吉米哈利自己的说法,他在“尝试写作这种游戏”的初期并不顺利,这与大众对他的看法刚好相反。虽然大家都知道他才华横溢,但他带个世人的精彩作品都是多年阅读、练习以及不断重写的成果。和绝大数作家一样,他这一路必然有很多次被拒稿的失望经历,但这些使他对成功更加坚定。哈利一生中每一次成功都来之不易,在文学界的成就也不例外。【详细解析】和2018年真题类似,这一年翻译文章是对知名人物的介绍,文字难度低,通俗易懂,难度基本与2018持平。英语二翻译总体难度比英语一低,但每年得分率也不超过60%,这是因为字里行间中有一些细小的单词、短语、结构较难理解或润色,而这些点是阅卷者阅卷时的重点关注对象,也是得分或扣分的关键。从2010-2019这十年翻译真题,我们不断得出一个结论:重视英语基本功。这指的是对英语单词在特定语境中的理解、掌握常见的固定用法、以及了解英语和汉语在表达时的区别等等。英语二翻译价值15分,不容小觑,希望2020考研考生认真对待。1. It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot.这句话中包含的句型"It is easy to do something"通常译为“做某事很简单”,所以这句可直译为“低谷英国作家"James Herriot"很简单”。但这不够通顺,所以我们要对其润色,比如“英国作家"James Herriot"很容易被低估”,这就好比我们会把"It is easy to learn English"译为“英语很容易学”的原理是一样的。另外"James Herriot"这个名字可以不译,也可以根据读音译为詹姆斯哈里亚特(请参考007"James Bond"的译名)。尽管这个作家在国内早已约定翻译为吉米哈利,但译为“詹姆斯哈里亚特”不扣分。2. He has such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it.前半句直译成“他有如此的令人愉悦的、可读的风格”显然不妥。首先,我们在这里讨论他的作品风格,而不是他本人性格,所以"pleasant, readable"描述他的作品而非作者,因此我们可以将pleasant润色为“讨喜”,并将"readable"译为“通俗易懂”。3. How many times have I heard people say “I could write a book. I just haven't the time.”词句包含直接引语,这部分独立不可分割,我们可以先译出来——我可以写书,我只是没有时间。前半句的意思是多次听人们说这样一句话,所以整句话可译为:我听过多少次人们说“我可以写书,我只是没有时间”。也可以先翻译直接引语,再总结式地翻译前半句:“我可以写书,只是没时间。”这种话我听过无数次。4. Easily said. Not so easily done.省略句,源自成句"easily said than done"(说起来比做起来容易),原句为"It is easily said. It is not so easily done." 因为在这篇文章中,原本的成语一分为二,翻译时也可以如此断句——说起来容易,但做起来没那么简单。5. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game.”这句话包含两个插入成分。首先是"contrary to popular opinion"(与大众观点相反的是),这是一个句子状语,通常放在句首,偶尔像这句话一样,放在主语和谓语之间。在翻译的时候,放在句首符合汉语表达习惯。后面的"as he put it"(就像他所说的)是一个状语从句,但插入在of和后面的直接引语之间,造句理解困难。将这个成分剥离,我们可以看到剩下部分in his early days of “having a go at the writing game”其实是一个时间状语,修饰主干成分。在翻译"as he put it"时,要考虑放在整句话哪个位置。放在原句那个位置显然不妥;其实我们根据汉语的语感,这种表达要么放句首起引领作用,要么放句尾起总结作用,但句首已经有了“与大众观点相反的是”,所以两者都放句首造成冲突。那么我们考虑将"as he put it"放句尾,但这样一来无论怎么润色都不通顺,所以我们考虑将它放句首并将"contrary to popular opinion"从而润色为“这与大众观点相反”。如此一来,整句话就通顺了。6. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading.连词"while"放置于句首,多半情况下表示“虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句。从句中"natural talent"字面含义为“自然的才能”,也就是“天赋”的意思。另外,"an abundance of"的字面意思是“丰富的,大量的”,但搭配“天赋”不够通顺。冷静下来想一想,所谓的“丰富大量的天赋”不就是“才华横溢”嘛。主干部分都主语说的是他的作品。"Polished"一词原本指“经过打磨的”,但修饰作品时则表示“精彩的”。7. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed.连词"but"之前的句子不太好润色。"Many disappointments and rejections"直译的结果是“多次失望和拒绝”。我们需要结合文章背景来做进一步理解:这位作家并非年少成名,而偏向大器晚成。那么一个这样的作家在早期必然经历很多挫折,比如像J.K.罗琳那样写的很多稿件被出版社拒之门外,从而无比失望了,这不就对应到"many disappointments和rejections"嘛。那么我们可以将这部分润色为“他这一路必然有很多次被拒稿/稿件被拒的失望经历”8. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.前半句考查固定用法"earn … the hard way",意思是“做到某事来之不易”。同学们可能没见过这种用法,但根据"the hard way"和全文大意也能猜测出大概含义。后半句也包含一个固定句子结构"X be no exception",意思是“X也不例外”,这个短语在阅读真题中出现过,做过相应文章的同学应该不陌生,可以轻松翻译出来。最后,祝大家圣诞节快乐。