98年考研英语

原文+翻译：Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. 地球上散落分布着一百多个互不相连的小火山活动区，被地质学家称为热点。Unlike most of the world’s volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth’s surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate.和世界上大多数火山不同的是，它们并不总是在构成地球表面的巨大漂流板块之间的边界上被发现；相反，许多热点深藏于板块内部。Most of the hot spots move only slowly, and in some cases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes. The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates.大多数热点只缓慢地移动，有时，经过这些热点的板块运动留下了死火山的痕迹。热点及其火山痕迹是标志板块迁移的里程碑。That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute.板块漂移这一理论现在是毋庸置疑的。Africa and South America, for example, are moving away from each other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them.以非洲和南美洲为例，由于有新的物质注入二者之间的海底，两大洲正在彼此分离。The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined.但互相吻合的海岸线和某些似乎跨越海洋的地质特征会使人想到这两个大陆曾经是连在一起的。The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail,携带这些大陆的板块的相对运动已经能够被详细地阐述出来，but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth’s interior.但一个板块相对另一板块的运动还不能轻易地解释为相对于地球内部的运动。It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question. From an analysis of the hot-spot population it appears that the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved ring the past 30 million years.人们不能确定两个大陆是在朝相反的方向运动，还是一个大陆停止不动而另一个从它身边漂移开去。位于地球更深层的热点提供了解决该问题所需要的测量仪器。从热点地区的人口情况分析来看，非洲板块似乎是静止不动的，在过去3000万年里都没有移动过。The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference.热点的重要性不仅限于作为参照体系这一作用。It now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe.现在看来，它们还对推动板块在地球表面漂移这一地球物理过程有重要影响。When a continental plate come to rest over a hot spot, the material rising from deeper layers creates a broad dome. As the dome grows, it develops deep fissures (cracks);当大陆板块漂移到热点上方，来自地球深层的物质便形成了巨大的圆顶状隆起物。随着这个圆顶的增长，板块出现深深的裂缝。in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability (inconstancy).至少有几次，大陆可能会沿着其中的一些裂缝完全裂开了，因此这个热点就引发了一个新的海洋的形成。这样，正像早期的理论解释了大陆的移动性一样，热点理论或许能解释大陆板块的不稳定性。试题：51. The author believes that.[A] the motion of the plates corresponds to that of the earth’s interior[B] the geological theory about drifting plates has been proved to be true[C] the hot spots and the plates move slowly in opposite directions[D] the movement of hot spots proves the continents are moving apart52. That Africa and South America were once joined can be deced from the fact that.[A] the two continents are still moving in opposite directions[B] they have been found to share certain geological features[C] the African plate has been stable for 30 million years[D] over 100 hot spots are scattered all around the globe53. The hot spot theory may prove useful in explaining. [A] the structure of the African plates[B] the revival of dead volcanoes[C] the mobility of the continents[D] the formation of new oceans54. The passage is mainly about.[A] the features of volcanic activities[B] the importance of the theory about drifting plates[C] the significance of hot spots in geophysical studies[D] the process of the formation of volcanoes答案：BBDC

They were, by far, the largest and most distant objects that scientists had ever detected: a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light-years from earth. 迄今为止，科学家所发现的最大、最遥远的物体是：离地球大约150亿光年的一块狭长的巨大宇宙云系。71) But even moreimportant, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for whatthey were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.更为重要的是，这是科学家们能够观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。That was just about the moment that the universe was born.那大约就是宇宙形成的时候。What the researchers found was at once both amazing and expected: the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Cosmic Background Explorer satellite -- Cobe -- had discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy).研究人员所发现的宇宙云既令人惊讶，又在人们的意料之中：美国国家航空航天局的Cobe号（宇宙背景探测器）已经发现了划时代的证据，表明宇宙确实起源于最早的一次爆炸，人们称之为"大爆炸"（此理论认为宇宙起源于一大块能量的爆炸）。72) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. 巨大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是20年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位不可缺少的。According to the theory, the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic, unimaginably dense knot of pure energy that flew outward in all directions, emitting radiation as it went, condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas. Over billions of years, the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies, stars, plants and eventually, even humans.按照这一理论，宇宙形成于一团亚微观的、密度相当大的纯能量团，它在向四面八方发散的过程中放出辐射线，浓缩成粒子，然后形成气体原子。数十亿年来，这种气体在引力的压缩下形成星系、恒星、植物，甚至最终产生人类。Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structures, but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well, the seeds of local objects like clusters and superclusters of galaxies.设计Cobe卫星就是要观察这些最大的物体结构，但宇航员还想看到更小的热点，即，像星系中的星团和超星团这样一些局部物体的粒子。They shouldn’t have long to wait.看来他们不必等待很长时间。73) Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors atthe South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may reporttheir findings soon.天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器和球载仪器，正在越来越近地观测这些云系，也许不久会报告他们的观测结果。74) If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.假如这些小热点看上去同预计的一致，那就意味着又一种科学论说的胜利，这种论说即更完美的大爆炸论，亦称宇宙膨胀说。Inflation says that very early on, the universe expanded in size by more than a trillion trillion trillion trillionfold in much less than a second, propelled by a sort of antigravity. 膨胀说认为，很久以前，在一种反引力的驱动下，宇宙的体积在不到一秒钟内膨胀了无数倍。75) Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特，但是它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论产生的在科学上看来似乎可信的结论。许多天体物理学家近十年来一直确信这一论说是正确的。

原文+翻译：Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.1980年美国人口普查显示出这样一幅图像：随着东北部和中西部人口增长近乎停止，地区间的竞争越来越激烈了。This development -- and its strong implications for US politics and economy in years ahead-- has enthroned the South as America’s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation’s head counting.这一发展--以及它对今后美国政治和经济的强大影响--使南部地区在美国人口普查史上首次成为人口最密集的地区。Altogether, the US population rose in the 1970s by 23.2 million people -- numerically the third-largest growth ever recorded in a single decade.20世纪70年代，美国人口总共增长了2 320万--从数字上看，这是有历史记载以来10年期间内人口增长的第三高。Even so, that gain adds up to only 11.4 percent, lowest in American annual records except for the Depression years.即使如此，人口总数也只增加了11.4%，除了大萧条时期，这是美国年度记录中最低的增长率。Americans have been migrating south and west in larger numbers since World War II, and the pattern still prevails.第二次世界大战以来，美国人口大量向南部和西部地区迁移，而且这种趋势如今仍然盛行。Three sun-belt states -- Florida, Texas and California -- together had nearly 10 million more people in 1980 than a decade earlier. Among large cities, San Diego moved from 14th to 8th and San Antonio from 15th to 10th -- with Cleveland and Washington. D. C., dropping out of the top 10.佛罗里达、得克萨斯和加利福尼亚这三个阳光地带的州，1980年的人口比前10年增加了近1 000万。在大城市排行榜上，圣地亚哥从第14位上升到第8位，圣安东尼奥从第15位升到第10位，而克利夫兰和华盛顿特区则被挤出了前10位。Not all that shift can be attributed to the movement out of the snow belt, census officials say.人口普查官员说，并非所有这些人口迁移都是为了离开寒冷地带。Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too -- and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday’s “baby boom” generation reached its child-bearing years.不断涌入的移民，还有往昔"生育高峰"时期出生的一代也已到了生育年龄，生育了大批婴儿，这些都发挥着作用。Moreover, demographers see the continuing shift south and west as joined by a related but newer phenomenon: More and more, Americans apparently are looking not just for places with more jobs but with fewer people, too. Some instances—而且，人口学家发现，向南部和西部地区的不断迁移还伴随着一种相关却又较新的现象：显然，越来越多的美国人不再只是寻找提供更多工作机会的地方，而是人口密度较小的地方。例证如下：■Regionally, the Rocky Mountain states reported the most rapid growth rate -- 37.1 percent since 1970 in a vast area with only 5 percent of the US population.·从区域上看，洛基山脉各州上报了自1970年以来最高的人口增长率--37.1%,而以前这片广阔的土地上的人口仅占美国总人口的5%。■Among states, Nevada and Arizona grew fastest of all: 63.5 and 53.1 percent respectively. Except for Florida and Texas, the top 10 in rate of growth is composed of Western states with7.5 million people -- about 9 per square mile.·从各州情况看，内华达和亚利桑那是增长最快的两个州：其增长率分别为63.5%和53.1%。除了佛罗里达州和得克萨斯州外，处于人口增长率前10位的都是西部各州，共有750万人--每平方英里约9个人。The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more bearable climates.从人口过度稠密地区的逃离，影响了以前那种从寒冷地带到气候宜人地区的迁徙趋势。Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.1980年美国人口统计更能显示出，美国人迁往最西部（而不是其他地方）是为了寻找更广阔的生活空间。There, California added 3.7 million to its population in the 1970s, more than any other state.最西部的加利福尼亚州在70年代人口增加了370万，比其他任何州都多。In that decade, however, large numbers also migrated from California, mostly to other parts of the West. Often they chose -- and still are choosing -- somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog, crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State.同时，70年代也有大量的人从加利福尼亚迁出，大多数去了西部其他的地方。他们常常选择--现在依然这样选择--气候较冷的地区，如俄勒冈、爱达荷和阿拉斯加，为的是躲开"黄金州"（加利福尼亚）的烟雾、犯罪和城市化带来的其他问题。As a result, California’s growth rate dropped ring the 1970s, to 18.5 percent -- little more than two thirds the 1960s’ growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.结果，加利福尼亚的人口增长率在70年代降到了18.5%--略高于60年代增长率的2/3，但大大低于西部其他各州。试题：51. Discerned from the perplexing picture of population growth the 1980 census provided, America in 1970s.[A] enjoyed the lowest net growth of population in history[B] witnessed a southwestern shift of population[C] underwent an unparalleled period of population growth[D] brought to a standstill its pattern of migration since World War II52. The census distinguished itself from previous studies on population movement in that.[A] it stresses the climatic influence on population distribution[B] it highlights the contribution of continuous waves of immigrants[C] it reveals the Americans’ new pursuit of spacious living[D] it elaborates the delayed effects of yesterday’s “baby boom”53. We can see from the available statistics that.[A] California was once the most thinly populated area in the whole US[B] the top 10 states in growth rate of population were all located in the West[C] cities with better climates benefited unanimously from migration[D] Arizona ranked second of all states in its growth rate of population54. The word “demographers” (Line 1, Paragraph 8) most probably means.[A] people in favor of the trend of democracy[B] advocates of migration between states[C] scientists engaged in the study of population[D] conservatives clinging to old patterns of life答案：DCDC

原题：Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Instrial Revolution. They 1 that in the long run instrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the 2 man. But they insisted that its 3 results ring the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the 4 of the English population.5 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, whenwas still a 6 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.This view, 7 ， is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists 8 history and economics, have 9 two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was 10 by great poverty, and that instrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.1. ［A］ admitted ［B］ believed ［C］ claimed ［D］ predicted2. ［A］ plain ［B］ average ［C］ mean ［D］ normal3. ［A］ momentary ［B］ prompt ［C］ instant ［D］ immediate4. ［A］ bulk ［B］ host ［C］ gross ［D］ magnitude5. ［A］ On ［B］ With ［C］ For ［D］ By6. ［A］ broadly ［B］ thoroughly ［C］ generally ［D］ completely7. ［A］ however ［B］ meanwhile ［C］ therefore ［D］ moreover8. ［A］ at ［B］ in ［C］ about ［D］ for9. ［A］ manifested ［B］ approved ［C］ shown ［D］ speculated10. ［A］ noted ［B］ impressed ［C］ labeled［D］ marked全文翻译直到最近，大多数的历史学家对工业革命仍然颇有微词。尽管他们承认从长远角度讲，工业革命已大大地提高了一般人的生活水平。然而他们坚持认为，工业革命在1750和1850年间引起的直接结果是给英国大多数人民带来了普遍的贫穷和苦难。相比之下，他们把在此之前从1650到1750的一百年看成是一个繁荣富足的时期。尽管那个时候英国还是一个完全意义上的农业国家。然而，人们通常认为这种观点是错误的。历史和经济学专家已指出两件事情：一是1650至1750年间以显著的贫困为特征；二是工业革命不但没有加重这种贫困，反而使绝大多数人的生活得到了改善。答案：ABDAD DABCD

原文+翻译：Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams.在重大技术所创造的东西中很少能像大型水坝这样激起人们想象力的。Perhaps it is humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.可能正是因为人类长期遭受旱涝灾害的摆布才使得人们治理江河、供我驱策的理想如此令人痴迷。But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.但让人着迷有时也就使人盲目。有几个巨型大坝项目就有弊大于利的危险。The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful.建造大坝的教训是：大的未必总是美的。It doesn’t help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves.但这个教训也无法阻止修建高大雄伟的大坝已成为那些力争得到自我肯定的国家和人民的伟大成就的象征。Egypt’s leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam.埃及由于建造了阿斯旺大坝而巩固了在阿拉伯世界的领导地位。Turkey’s bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam.土耳其在力图跻身第一世界的努力中也包括修建阿塔特克大坝。But big dams tend not to work as intended.但大坝不会像预期的那样产生效果。The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left -- all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.以阿斯旺大坝为例，它阻止了尼罗河洪水泛滥，但也使埃及失去了洪水冲击过后留下的肥沃土壤，换回来的却是一个疾病滋生的水库。现在这个水库积满了淤泥，几乎不能发电了。And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists.不过，控制水的神话还在继续。This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube.本周，在文明的欧洲腹地，斯洛伐克人和匈牙利人就为了多瑙河上的一处水坝引起争端，差点动用了军队。The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself.这个大型工程可能会出现大坝所有的常见问题。但斯洛伐克正在要求脱离捷克而独立，现在它们需要建一个大坝来证明自己的实力。Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even more wrong-headed Narmada Dam.与此同时，世界银行已经贷款给印度来建造问题更多的纳尔马达大坝。And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed.尽管世界银行的顾问指出，该大坝将给平民带来苦难，而且会破坏那里的环境，但世界银行依然一意孤行。大坝只会给有权有势者带来利益，而且这种利益也远远得不到保障。Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts.对于水坝的影响作用、水坝控制水流的成本和收益进行恰当而科学的研究能够有助于解决这些冲突。Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams.水力发电，治理洪水以及灌溉即使不建大型水坝也是可能的。But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific. It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan. You don’t need a dam to be saved.但当你相信神话时就很难做到合理或科学。现在是世界吸取阿斯旺大坝教训的时候了。我们未必要通过大坝来拯救自己。试题：51. The third sentence of Paragraph 1 implies that.[A] people would be happy if they shut their eyes to reality[B] the blind could be happier than the sighted[C] over-excited people tend to neglect vital things[D] fascination makes people lose their eyesight52. In Paragraph 5, “the powerless” probably refers to.[A] areas short of electricity[B] dams without power stations[C] poor countries around India[D] common people in the Narmada Dam area53. What is the myth concerning giant dams?[A] They bring in more fertile soil.[B] They help defend the country.[C] They strengthen international ties.[D] They have universal control of the waters.54. What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as.[A] “It’s no use crying over spilt milk”[B] “More haste, less speed”[C] “Look before you leap”[D] “He who laughs last laughs best”答案：C D D C

原题：Directions:[A] Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in no less than 150 words.[B] Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)[C] Your essay should meet the requirements below:1. Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon.2. Give your comments.注：图片上的文字是： 本母鸡承诺：①本鸡下蛋不见棱不见角②保证有蛋皮，蛋黄和蛋清审题谋篇本题为漫画加提纲式作文。文章的主题应该落在讽刺虚假承诺上，即：承诺自己分内之事这一不良现象。考生在审题时，从漫画和旁边的打油诗可以看出该文章的关键词为虚假承诺（false promise或empty promise）。提纲有两点要求：写出漫画所要表达的信息；进行评论。由此可见，这是一篇描写加议论的文章。文章第一段可以从描写漫画入手。漫画题材的写作，应着重抓住漫画本身所传达的信息，即漫画的寓意，对漫画本身不用拘泥于细节。考生可以在段尾点明该漫画所要表达的信息：虚假承诺。由于提纲的第二点要求比较泛，因此，考生可以根据各自的思路展开。第二段可以针对主题进一步讨论，既可以列举社会上众多的虚假承诺的不良现象，也可以着重讨论虚假承诺的危害，亦或追寻虚假承诺的根源。在第三段中考生可提出自己的观点，即，解决该问题的方法。参考范文Whoever sees this cartoon can’t help laughing. How funny it is-A hen is holding a notice promising that her eggs would be round and surely would contain everything a normal egg contains. But at second thought, it is anything but funny because the picture reveals a prevalent phenomenon in our society: Many of these promises are meaningless since the promise provided is nothing but the normal responsibility of the promise maker.Odd and funny as they sound，such false promises are so prevalent that we cannot afford to ignore them. Manufacturing units guarantee to turn out procts of good quality; commercial enterprises swear to provide genuine commodities and enthusiastic services; administration departments assure to perform their tasks effectively and fairly without taking any bribery. As a matter of fact，these cannot be called promises at all since they are no more than their normal ties and obligations. It seems that we should be grateful to them because they just do what they are supposed to do.I dare say these empty promises are causing great damage to our society both materially and morally. But the hen and her likes should know that by dishonest words no one could survive the intense competition under market economy system. People engaged in providing all kinds of services should honestly inform their customers of the service that they can enjoy because mutual trust is the foundation of business. They should remember the old saying，"Honesty is the best policy."On the other hand, necessary laws and regulations should be adopted and enforced to ensure a trust worthy economic and social environment. Only in this way, can both parties, service providers and those served, enjoy a healthy atmosphere of mutual trust.范文点评文章结构：从结构上看，该范文对提纲做出适当调整，分为三段而不是两段。第一段采用了先总后分再总的写作方法，段首先用Whoever sees this cartoon cant help laughing一句话对图画做出总体评价，进而描写图画，在段末指出：这幅画实际并不可笑，而是讽刺了社会上非常普遍的虚假承诺现象。这句话也是文章的中心所在。第二段段首承接上段，指出这种现象不容忽视，进而使用列举的方法举了三个例子，说明其普遍性并与第一段呼应，指出这些现象都是在承诺本职所在的工作。第三段段首为主体句，段落中从两个方面提出改变这种现象的措施，段尾进行总结，与段首形成呼应。

问题：考研英语真题怎么做？从哪年开始？那肯定是从最早的真题开始看了。你知道啥时候的真题最珍贵不？近3~5年的最重要，其它年份的真题都差不多。现在你能买到的真题书，一般都是从98年收录到现在的。你现在想做真题的话，可以拿最早的一两年的练练手，看看自己的水平。更多的还是留到暑假开始做吧。至于近3~5年的，等你觉得自己复习得差不多了，开学之后再用这几套查漏补缺。我当时用的《考研真相》真题就是98到18年的，说句题外话，这本真题还蛮好的，答案讲得很透彻，就是那种逐词逐句讲的，文章里每句话都有解析，难一点句子的还有图解，跟我一样英语基础弱的就用这个吧，对英语渣太友好了。关于考研英语真题怎么做？分享一下我当时练真题的顺序：1、暑假前拿98年那份练了一下手，顺便也是让自己能清楚地认识一下自己的水平（捂脸），从而抛弃一些侥幸心理，认真复习……2、暑假开始做真题，从99年做到2014年，每套都认真对了答案，看了错题，阅读和完形也都翻译了一遍，生词也都积累下来了。3、暑假快结束的时候，我觉得自己复习得差不多了，就做了15年到18年剩下的那四套题。这时候能很明显地发现，你的水平比起之前有了很大的进步。之所以进步，一方面是因为我有持续不断地背单词，另一方面是因为做题的方法和技巧。考研英语真题怎么做，这个做题方法也是当时看了很多知乎大神的回答，总结摸索出来的，你可以参考下。1、先正常做一遍题，3小时内必须完成。2、重看一遍完形和阅读，目的是精翻，就是把整篇文章一词不落地从头到尾翻译一遍。（1）完形是把所有答案回填，再翻译，翻译过程中说不定还能发现你的错误。另外，每个选项的意思都要翻译出来。（2）阅读就是直接翻译，同样，问题和选项也得翻译出来。阅读里比较难的是长难句的翻译。我顺便说一下长难句的翻译技巧：①翻译长难句第一步就是——删！删去修饰部分，只保留句子主干。修饰部分包括插入语、同位语、形容词、副词等。总之，删好的句子尽量只保留名词、动词和连接词。②翻译第二步——分主从！一般长难句的主干是主从句的比较多。如果剩下的主干部分太长，就主从分开翻译，如果能直接翻译出来，就不用分主句从句了。③第三步——修补！把你原先删掉的句子的意思，补在相应的位置。3、对答案（1）阅读＆完形阅读和完形主要就是看你在第二步的翻译有没有出错，用荧光笔标注你不会或者翻译错的地方。重点看答案里是怎么翻译的，看看长难句的各部分，在句子中都分别充当什么成分。（2）作文作文就是看范文，总结出范文的结构脉络，先写啥，后写啥，怎么引入，怎么转折，这些都是你能学习的。每篇范文，至少要挑5个句子背下来，尤其是开头结尾的句型。并且在下次写作文时，有意识地用到这些句子。关于考研英语真题怎么做，如果你刷题时能坚持按照上面几个步骤走，你会发现你的阅读水平和写作能力都进步得非常快，最多做上20套题，你的成绩就会涨得很明显。好了，关于考研英语真题怎么做就说这些吧，你现在可以去用98年的那份练手了，成绩低很正常，不要背打击到哦，大家都是这么过来的，考研加油！

考研英语辅导老师何凯文最近坦言：在考研冲刺的关键时期，自己经常睡眠少于4个小时，常年在飞机上游走。他虽然身体很累，但心里也快乐着！考研人也并不轻松，每天披星戴月，看完二十几本书，与自己相伴的只有自习室那长长的走廊。某工作三年再考研的同学回忆：我已经26岁了，这时候准备考研也没觉得有多晚。只要自己努力想要努力，还能学得进去，我觉得任何时候都不会晚！考研的时光我们都一样：那几个月的时光令我们终身都难忘！考研英语老师的回忆何凯文除了回忆自己的考研辅导历程之外，还给出了一张考研名师的微博影响力。何凯文以98.98分的成绩拿到第一名，这有点不可思议啊，得发多少动态？另外，张雪峰老师以最高的粉丝量，尤其是“相声粉丝”这一非考研群体的庞大关注量而屈居第二。前段时间张老师因为西南大学的回应而摊上了事儿，其热度迅速上涨。第三位是我们非常熟悉的朱伟老师，他颜值高还肯干，现在独立出来估计是要搞事情！考研名师网络影响力道长王江涛是专注于考研写作的，对字体有些研究。蒋中挺则是那位在这两年多次强调“考研政治第一人”的老师。徐涛老师则是以小黄书著称。其实非要比影响力而不是网络影响力的话，肖秀荣教授绝对是碾压级的，其肖秀荣四套卷等押题卷早已经闻名大江南北！再比如考研数学的李永乐教授，曾经是称霸考研数学辅导界的“二李”之一，其考研《线性代数》的水平已入化境。另外，考研数学的张宇和汤家凤也绝对是人气王！后4位考研名师对于新浪给的这个排行榜，欢迎大家吐槽！

每年考研报名人数的激增都不得不让人感慨，尤其是具体到每个专业的报录比数据。不少专业的报录比高到了令人咋舌的地步，20:1，30:1这些年也是越来越常见了，甚至出现了几百比一。有一些同学可能会问：“为什么一些专业报录比达到 10:1 不算很高，另外一些专业报录比只有 5:1 就算是非常高了？”这是因为专业不同，受欢迎程度不同，报考人数也不同，导致评判报录比高低的标准也不同。今天，宗师君就带大家看看那些“超高”报录比的院校及专业，以及今年报考人数过万的院校，大家在择校的时候尽量避开，尤其是自己实力不够强大的同学，千万不要去冒险当炮灰。往年报录比高的院校专业1、华东师范大学华东师范大学应用信息心理学 19 年统考报录比 54:1，20 年上涨到 68:1。根据官网 2020 年硕士研究生招生目录显示，华东师范大学应用心理专硕 2020 年共招收全日制 70 名，非全日制 30 人，推免生最高上限 35 人。2、南京大学企业管理专业19 年报录比达到 30:1。企业管理本来也算是一个大热门专业，像南大这样的学校考研热度肯定也是很高的，但从 19 年的录取情况来看有点过于高了。近两年这个专业统考录取都在 20 人左右，但 18 年统考报录比还只有 22:1，19 年就上涨到 30:1。中国古代文学专业这个专业每年统考录取仅有八九人，但是近几年报考人数都无限接近三百人。近两年统考报录比基本都在 30:1 以上。英语笔译专业实际上 18 年南大的英语笔译统考报录比还仅有 21:1，但 19 年就上涨到 37:1，在统考招生人数缩减的同时报考人数却在增加，就导致报录比猛涨。而 20 年的统考录取人数是 14 人，和 19 年是差不多的，这样一来很明显从 19 年开始这个专业就缩招了，因为 18 年英语笔译统考录取了 26 人。3、厦门大学广告学专业厦门大学的广告学学科实力全国第一，这个专业每年统考录取人数极少，报考人数却非常多。18 年和 19 年统考都仅录取了 2 人，但报考人数都在两百人上下，导致 18 年统考报录比高达 111:1，19 年报录比也达到了 81:1。另外就今年的统考录取情况来看，这个专业招生人数依然是极少的。金融系金融学这个专业统考录取很少，近几年都仅录取了 9 人，但报考人数非常多，每年都有接近四百人报考，这就导致金融学的报录比一直在 40:1 的位置居高不下。4、四川大学四川大学的中国古代文学和中国现当代文学，招生都在十人左右，统考报录比均高达 44:1。这两个是川大文学与新闻学院学硕类专业中，统考报录比最高的专业。其余的顶多 20:1 上下，也有不到 20:1 的专业，比如中国古典文献学、汉语言文字学。今年报考人数过万的院校专业除了往年这些报录比高的吓人的院校专业之外，随着今年的考研报名结束，一些高校也陆续更新了今年考研报考人数。这些高校跟去年如出一辙，人数出现连续增长，最高增幅达到 70%，数量上更是均创历史新高。1、郑州大学郑大 2021 年意向招收硕士研究生 8100 名左右（含推荐免试生、“少数民族高层次骨干人才计划”20 名、“退役大学生士兵”专项计划30 名），其中，全日制硕士研究生 7500 名左右、非全日制硕士研究生 579 名。2021 考研通过研招网报名郑州大学考研的缴费人数为 41000 多人！较去年的报考人数 33399 人，上涨了 8000 人左右！而去年实际录取统考硕士 7395 人，推免 372 人，共录取 7767 人！可想今年的竞争会有多激烈！郑州大学近几年报考非常热门，其中位列前三的院系分别是商学院 3956 人、法学院 3292 人和政治与公共管理学院 2525 人。2、中国科学技术大学据统计，2021 年硕士招生共有17125 名考生报考中国科学技术大学，比去年增加 2000 多人，再创新高，较 2018 年翻了近一倍。2020 年中国科学技术大学录取统考硕士 4343 人，推免生 2191 人，共录取 6534 人。意愿报考中科大的同学们可以根据比例估算一下自己的上岸率，没有太大把握的同学还是要慎重！3、黑龙江大学2021 年一志愿报考黑龙江大学考生10604 人，报考人数首次突破万人，较去年增长 1077 人。黑龙江大学报考点通过网上确认考生 4758 人，确认率 98.5%。4、中国人民大学人大 21 考研的报名人数情况，在正式报名系统开启的第 10 天，人数就近 2 万，与去年报考总数还差 3937 人。随后，人大又公布了截止到 10 月 31 日的报考数据统计，报考人数增加了 6580 人，已经达到了 26443 人，突破历史新高！5、西安交通大学确认人数创历史新高，达 11400 余人，增幅近 20%。哪些院校专业好上岸看到这里，大家是不是被吓得不轻？其实不用担心，有报录比高的离谱的学校，自然就有一些学校“容易上岸”，这些院校就非常适合只求上岸的小伙伴。1、吉林大学/法律硕士（非法学）法律硕士（非法学）作为十大热门报考专业之一，吉林大学的法硕非法因为其地域因素，相对于热门地区的 985、211 院校的同专业而言，竞争要小一些，复试比低。19 年复试人数 176 人，拟录取 116 人，复试比在 1:1.5~1:2 左右，复试比在 985 院校里算是比较低的了。也正因为如此，由于复试刷人不多，所以初试考高分是非常重要的。2、西南财经大学/新闻传播专硕分数低。基本上一般学校新闻传播专硕的分数线都是 380~390，因为 19 年考研人数很多，像广外这种双非学校分数都达到了 410~420，但对于西财来说近几年分数一直都是 370~380，实属良心。报录比低。西财近几年的报录比一直都是 6:1 左右。并且西财的新传近几年是有扩招的， 19 年一共是招了 28 个人。专业课相对简单。专业课是考 334 和 440，不会有很大的扩展，考的内容都是比较基础的课本上的知识。其实新闻传播这个专业真的是考研竞争非常激烈，稍微容易一点的可能就是一些理工科院校和一些财经类院校，这些院校的新传相对来说容易点。3、华南理工大学/翻译硕士招生人数多。去年总共招了 38 人，推免 8 人，招生人数在理工科类招生人数算是比较多的。就业好。华南理工是 985 院校，学校名气还不错，就业出路会好一些。很多同学不知道华南理工还有这个专业，所以报考人数不是很多，建议有意向的同学可以报。4、中山大学/MEM中山大学工商管理在软科 2017 和 2018 年“中国最好学科排行”中稳居前 1%，是响当当的名校，但复试总分采用了国家线，2020年分数线为总分/综合/英语（175/100/50）。可谓是“物美价廉”，只是管综的单科分数要求较高（≥100 分）。所以非常适合想要追求名校头衔，但是又不需要综合实力太高的考生，只需要好好备考管综。5、海南大学/MPA在国务院学位办开展的全国第三批 MPA 培养院校教学合格评估中，海南大学被评为最高等次的 A 级。同样是有着名校头衔，不错的地理位置，招生人数非常多，较低的分数，2020 年分数线为总分/英语/综合（176/39/78），也是同学们报考的首选。报录比的高低，已经成为越来越多考研党择校时关注的重要数据，如果你发现自己意向报考的院校专业报考人数多、招生名额少，那么可以衡量下自己的复习情况以及学习水平，选择是否要调整考研目标。不过随着近年来考研热居高不下，“低报录比”的院校越来越少见，尤其是知名院校的王牌专业，竞争愈发激烈，大家务必要做好心理准备。宗师君在这里，也不得不对那些寄望于筛选报录比低的院校专业，来作为自己考研目标的同学泼一盆凉水：现如今没有绝对意义上的“易上岸”院校，但凡想如愿成为一名研究生，都要历经初试、复试的重重关卡。所以同学们还是要全力以赴提升自己的初试分数以及综合实力上，这样才能真正做到“上岸可期”！本篇原创文章由百家号“宗师考研”发布，我们将会持续更新考研及大学生主题的干货文章与上岸经验贴，敬请关注！