2013年考研英语text3

(44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science ; rather ,the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of socialscientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highlyspecialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishingelsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010,about 1,600 of the100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of theseKeywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior. All require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development .[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher ecation, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the indivials who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49) most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see basophilic- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.46. yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.47. A sacred place of peace, however, crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter which is a distinctly animal need.48. The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless garden introce from in to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such49 . Most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic50. It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college, inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming “instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing .In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly.2) interpret its intended meaning ,and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)Section I Use of English1．【答案】A grants【解析】第一句提到“总体而言，当人们自己做决定时，并不擅长考虑背景信息。”第二句顺接上文，“乍一看这是一种优势”，that引起定语从句，这种优势使人们具有一种能力，即能够做出不受外界因素影响的不带偏见的决定。B选项submit “服从，提交”，不能与ability连用，C选项transmit “传输，发射”，也不能与ability 搭配，D选项deliver “传递”，同样不能与ability搭配。A, C, D无论从搭配上还是意思上都不合适。A选项grant本身具有赋予，授予的意思。故答案选A。2．【答案】D external【解析】external外部因素和上文的background information同义复现，不考虑背景信息，不受外界因素影响。A选项minor 次要的，B选项objective 客观的，C选项crucial 残酷的，D选项external 外部的，故答案选D。3．【答案】C picture【解析】第三题本句but引起句意转折。“但是XX推测不考虑大局会导致决策者被日常接触的信息影响而带有偏见。”首先注意到空前面有定冠词the，指代上文信息，即不考虑背景信息、不考虑大环境。而大局，大环境的表达，此处选择picture是最贴切的。A选项 issue 问题，B选项vision 想象力，美景都不合适，故答案选C。4．【答案】A For example【解析】通读后面的句子，提到了法官与被告，这明显是生活当中的一个具体的实例，故答案选A。而B选项 on average “平均，通常”，出现的话，周围往往应该要出现数字。C选项in principle“大体上，原则上”，后面需要出现的是总结性的话语，D选项above all“首先”是用来列举条目，将BCD排除。5．【答案】B fearful【解析】从句意上来看“例如，他们提出理论，认为法官不敢在罪行面前表现得太软弱，如果当天已经宣判五六名被告执行缓刑，那么他很有可能将下一个人送入监狱。A选项fond of 喜欢，B选项 fear of 惧怕，C选项capable of 有能力，D选项thoughtless of 考虑不周，故答案选B。6．【答案】B on【解析】根据句内的逻辑关系，在对待犯罪行为方面害怕表现出太软弱，在。。。方面，关于。。。的表达应该用介词on，故答案为B。7．【答案】A if【解析】A if 表条件。B选项 until 表时间，往往跟not连用，直接排除。C选项though表让步，D选项unless 相当于 if...not 。通读空格所在的前后句子，得出这两句之间的逻辑关系是表示条件的。8．【答案】D test【解析】首先注意到idea前面有定冠词this，很明显指代上文提出的观点。而且跟上文以法官为例一样，下文“他们把注意力转向大学录取过程”也是上文观点的例证，目的是对上文的观点进行检验，而不是A选项“促进”，B选项“强调”或C选项“分享”，故答案选D。9．【答案】D success【解析】A选项decision“决定”，B 选项quality“质量，品质”，C选项status“地位”，D选项success“成功”。申请者的____不应该取决于同一天随机选到的其他几名申请者。接着下文讲到面试官面试MBA申请者的结果results，因此第9题应该也有结果的意思，与下文结合是达到正面的结果，因此答案是即“申请者的成功”。其它选项带入原文重叠答案，与原义不符合10．【答案】A chosen【解析】空格后面有一个副词为randomly，随机地，既然是随机，那么选项B选项studied“研究过的”，C选项found “找到的” D选项identified“经鉴定的”就与randomly是相矛盾的，全部排除。11．【答案】D otherwise【解析】本题解题关键在于but，通过suspect可以看出Dr. Simonton与前文意思相反，因此otherwise正好符合题意。12．【答案】C concted【解析】此外明显缺一个过去分词作interviews的定语，再看by后面的officers，只有concted（执行），符合语境，故为正确答案。13．【答案】B rated【解析】本题末尾one to five（从一到五），前面又有一个on a scale（…的范围）, A分配，D排列语义上说不通，再综合后面的factor（因素），对比一下，只有B（划分等级），整合起来，即划分成一到五个等级，合情合理C match看似与to搭配，但也不符合文意，故正确答案为B.14．【答案】D took【解析】本题需联系整句话，take…into consideration（考虑，涉及），从形式上来说没有问题，再从意义上来看，说“这个等级考虑了几种因素…”，是对上文评级的进一步解释，也没有问题。15．【答案】B then【解析】还是承接上文讲到的评级得分，后半句讲到的是（平时学校等级）考试得分，再结合中间conjunction一词（联接），可以推断为then（具有承接之意），因此为正确答案，而A和D为同一意义和用法（代替），与conjunction相冲突，C说不通，故也为错误选项。16．【答案】C marked【解析】本题出在一个非限定性定语从句上，先行词为a standardized exam, 后半句是800分，考试和分数之间首选marked，选项B通过具有一定的干扰性，但注意主语是考试，所以正确选项为C。A为无关选项。17．【答案】A before【解析】本句属于比较级，对比的是几个面试者的分数，C、D是空间上的上下，而这里缺的时间上的先后，故排除C和D，B是“之后”，不符合语言先后逻辑，故正确答案为A.18．【答案】C drop【解析】解本题需往下看，to…the effects of such a decrease, 由此可以判断接下来那个应聘者的分数是出现了下降，故正确选项C.19．【答案】B undo【解析】该句为不定式作主语，“（面试考官可能给）更低的分数”所带来的影响，可以推断，是消除或是抵消这种不利结果，应聘者需要在GMAT中多拿30分，A “达到”，C “保持”D“漠视”明显不符，故B为正确答案。20．【答案】C necessary【解析】该题难度较大，需把句意弄懂，也就是“这30分是比…所多的”建议把四个选项分别代入空格处，A有前途的，B可能的，C必须的，D有帮助的，对比之后，只有C最合逻辑 Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 121．【答案】（insensitivity to fashion）【解析】事实细节题。根据题干，首先定位到首段。由文章第一句后半句“…scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her.”意思是：“……批评她没有魅力的助理，因为助理认为高级时尚对她的生活影响不大”。可知criticize是对scolds的同义替换，B项中的“insensitivity to fashion”是“imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her.”的同义替换。所以B项为正确答案。A项在文中并未提及，属于无中生有。C项和D项是对文章第一句的曲解。22．【答案】（shop for their garments more frequently）【解析】事实细节题。根据题干，首先定位到第二段。由倒数第二句“these labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable, ……, and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.”意思是“这些商标（畅销商标）促使有时尚意识的消费者将服装看成是用完就可以丢弃的，……，并且每周更新他们的衣橱。”D选项“shop for their garments more frequently”的意思是“更加频繁地购买服装”，正好是“renew their wardrobe every few weeks”的同义替换。A，B，C项均属于无中生有项。23．【答案】（accusation）【解析】词义题。题干中需要猜测词义的单词出现在第二段的第一句“……the feverish world described inOverdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of ‘fast fashion’”。再结合选项可知，“indictment”是Elizabeth Cline对“快时尚”的一种态度。因此，解答此题的关键在于联系上下文语境，找到Elizabeth Cline对“快时尚”的态度。由第二段最后一句“By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an instry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.”，意思是“Cline说，通过以特别低的价格销售潮流物品，这些品牌破坏了潮流周期，动摇了这个长久以来习惯于季节周期的产业”。由“hijack”和“shaking”可知，Cline对“快时尚”应该是持否定态度的，所以选项A“accusation （谴责）”是正确选项。24．【答案】（pricing is vital to environmental-friendly purchasing）【解析】推理判断题。根据题干，可定位到最后一段。解题关键在于“Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to”，意思是“每个人都很虚荣，这很常见。但消费者付不起太多东西的时候，他们才会以更加可持续的方式去购物。”这句的关键词是“afford”和“shop more sustainably”，对应于D项中的“pricing”和“environmental-friendly purchasing”。A项对于本段的曲解。B项说的是“忽视环境的可持续发展”，与文中“several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment…”（一些时尚服饰公司已经做出努力减少对劳动力和环境）意思相悖。C项文中未提及。25．【答案】（criticism of the fast-fashion instry）【解析】主旨大意题。此题考查对全文主旨大意的准确归纳。从整个文章脉络来看，文章的第一段用事例引入，第二段讲到文章的主题“快时尚”，并指出它破坏了时尚周期，动摇了时尚产业。第三四段指出“快时尚”这种变革的弊端，比如：给自然资源造成压力、使用大量有害的化学物质、浪费现象。最后两段提到针对“快时尚”的不良影响，可以采取的解决办法。由此可知，C项统领全文，为正确答案。A, B,D项都不是文章所论述的中心主题。Text 226．【答案】（lower their operational costs）【解析】事实细节题。根据题干，首先定位到首段。这段的大意是广告经费的一半都浪费掉了，但是通过“behavioral ads”可以追踪购买者的搜索习惯和评价，使得广告更有针对性，从而降低预算成本，也就是“this fraction can be much reced”。 A、B和C选项文中并未提及，属于无中生有。27．【答案】（internet browser developers）【解析】词义句意题。the instry在语篇中是指代前面的出现内容，而前面出现的Microsoft Internet Explorer，Apple’s Safair 和Google’s Chrome都是D选项中中的“Internet browser developers”。 B和C选项文中并未提及，属于无中生有。A选项并非本段中谈论的核心。28．【答案】（will not benefit consumers）【解析】推理判断题。解题关键在于“… consumers will be worse off if the instry cannot collect information about their preferences”，也就是说，当浏览器开发者不能收集消费者网上购物倾向时，消费并不能从中受益。B、C和D选项文中并未提及，属于无中生有。29．【答案】（DNT may not serve its intended purpose）【解析】推理判断题。根据题干，可以定位到第六段。解题关键在于理解本段的行文逻辑，即“unable to tell whether…or whether, some may ignore…”。也就是说“由于不能辨别有些主体是真正反对行为广告，也不能辨别它们支持微软的做法，有些人甚至忽视DNT，继续先前的做法。”可此可见，B项符合题意。A、C和D选项内容在本段中均没有提及。30．【答案】（skepticism）【解析】观点态度题。根据题干，可以定位到文章最后一段倒数第二句，Brendon Lynch的博客中评论道：“我们认为消费者应该有更大的自主权（或掌控权）”。解题关键在于最后一句“Could it be really that simple?”，从中可明显看出作者的怀疑态度。A项是“理解”，B项是“赞成”，D选项是“纵容”的意思。Text 331.【答案】 our faith in science and technology 【解析】事实细节题。根据出题的顺序性原则,可回文定位到文章第一段。该段落共计两句话。第一句总体交代了过去人们对未来的畅想总体是积极，正面的（were largely positive）。本题的正确答案就隐含在第二句话中。第二个句子实际上紧接着第一句话，交代了积极畅想的原因在于“科学和技术能治愈人类的一切疾病”，由此可确定本题的正确答案为B。选项A、D都错在因果倒置，“ lives of fulfillment”以及“opportunity for all”都是科学、技术带来的结果，并非原因。选项C属于无中生有，本段并没有提及任何与“ potential risks”相关内容，故排除。32. 【答案】a sustained species 【解析】题干问的是“濒危物种名单（Red List）”意味着人类怎么样了？我们根据“IUCN”和“Red List”很容易定位到第三段。首段说的是几十年前至今人们对未来所持的态度，第二段出现转折，表明目前人们对于未来的危机意识加重。第三段再次转折，表示第二段中人们所持态度是错误的，即“人类未来不会有太大的生存危机”，并且在此段首句表明观点后，用各种信息去论证和支持这一观点。“Red List”很显然也是用来说明这个观点的，并且指出人类这个物种是widely distributed，adaptable，currently increasing，说的都是人类进化积极的一面。A选项说：濒危物种名单意味着人类是可以持久生存的物种，显然是正确选项。33. 【答案】Our Immediate future is hard to conceive. 【解析】段落推断题。由本题的题干可以锁定本题的答案在文章的第五段。该段首句为段落中心句，“与思考眼前的未来相比，对如此之长的时间跨度进行思考似乎更为容易”，反过来思考也就是说，眼前的未来更难思考，符合D选项含义“我们眼前的未来很难去设想”。A选项“Arc 帮助缩小了未来学研究的范围”，该选项在文中出现在该段的最后一句话“这就是为什么我们可以发行Arc这样一个致力于研究近期未来的全新出版物”，和题目含义有很大出入，故排除。B选项“技术为社会问题提供了解决方法”，段中并未提到。C选项“对科幻小说的兴趣与日俱增”，该段中虽在第二句提到科幻小说家，但并未提及对科幻小说的兴趣，故排除。正确答案为D项“Our immediate future is hard to conceive”。34．【答案】 draw on our experience from the past【解析】段落细节题。由本题的题干可以锁定本题的答案在倒数第二自然段第二句，“As so often , the past holds the key to the future . ”此题就是考查对这句话的理解，“未来是掌握过去的关键。”由此确定正确答案为B。选项A 、C、D 与题干无关，在原文中无直接体现，也不能归纳得出，故排除。35.【答案】The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind【解析】全文的主旨题。考查考生对全文主题的把握。通观全文，我们可发现作者对未来是十分看好的，尤其在文章最后一段最后一句“But we are now knowledgeable enough to rece many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come. ”作者直接借助这句话重申主题。由此，本题正确答案应既包含“未来”，也应能体现出作者对未来的态度。确定选项C为正确答案。选项A错在无中生有，全文当中对于未来，并无体现出对于其的不确定；本文讲的是人类对于未来的看法，而不是讲人类的进化史，因此B错误；D选项过于笼统，并未体现出作者的乐观态度，因此不对。Text 436．【答案】 overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.【解析】事实细节题。principles that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial are noncontroversial.说明联邦法律高于州的法律是无可争辩的。答案选项they“overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.”---他们（亚利桑那州的法案）逾越了联邦法案。就是对文中这句话的反义改写。Overstep 为同义替换原文中的intrude, authority 同义替换了privileged powers.属于同义置换。37．【答案】States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.州政府在移民法案实施中的合法地位。【解析】第四段主要说明了，州警察依然可以核实移民的法律地位。国会设想joint federal-state immigration enforcement联合实施移民法案。同时，encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.国会鼓励州警察与联邦同事分享信息以及相互合作。其他选项的withhold，independence，intervention文中也没有提到。属于过度推断。38．【答案】（Stood in favor of the states）【解析】第五段最后一句：唯一的最主要的反对来自法官Antonino Scalia, 这个法官“defense”是支持州的权利的，“going back to”可追溯到Alien and Sedition Acts，证明这个法案是支持州的权利的。39．【答案】（outweighs that held by the states.）联邦政府的权利大过州的实施权利【解析】第六段The White House 认为亚利桑那州的法律跟白宫的法律实施权利冲突。In effect后面表达的是重点：如果这些州的法律跟它有冲突的话，白宫声明它有权利宣布其它州的法律无效。40．【答案】（The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.）(政府在移民问题上占据着主导地位)【解析】本段第一句话，联邦政府确实有一些exclusively（专门地）权利，比如控制居民以及边界。这就暗示了移民问题上，政府当局是具有主导权利的。Part B41．【答案】G (These issues all have root causes in human behavior...)【解析】此题可以通过上下文的衔接和代词指代来确定答案。空格前一句谈到“这种巨大的能源不是当今全球问题的主要影响因素，这些问题包括气候变化、安全、可持续发展和健康问题”，空后谈到“人类有必要的农业技术工具来消除饥饿”，空格处应该填入的选项可以连接前后句的内容，既包括谈及到全球问题，又谈及到解决问题的选项只有G项。该项首句提到的these issues即指代空前所提及的全球问题，以及该项第二句的climate change举例说明即是空前所列出的问题之一，并且该项提及解决气候变化的问题，很好的启示了下文。42．【答案】C (Despite these factors...)【解析】本题可以通过连贯性原则和代词指代来确定答案。上段末句提到“问题也带有社会因素：对食物的组织和分配，财产和财富”，空格后谈到“这是一种耻辱，社会应该抓住机会提升它在真实世界中的影响”，并且应用了社会科学家的话语来表明应该采取行动，即：上段末句提到的问题，空前谈到存在问题，那么接下来应该解决问题，但是空后谈到这是一种耻辱，然后纠正应该解决问题，所以空格处应该承上启下，表达没有解决问题这个含义，因此C项“尽管存在这些因素，很多社会科学家不愿意解决此问题”即为正确选项，该项中these factors指代上段末句提到的社会因素，而“很多科学家不愿意解决此问题”就是下文提及的this。43．【答案】B (However, the numbers are still small...)【解析】本题可以通过原词复现和逻辑关系来确定答案。空前一句讲到“ the number of papers including.....have increased rapidly ...”，紧接着在选项B中也出现了“the number”，属于原词复现。从逻辑关系的角度来看，选项B有一个明显的转折词“however”，这说明其表达的含义与空前信息相反，该选项提到“the numbers are still small”（数量非常小），空前信息是“the number ... increased rapidly”（数量增长非常迅速），两者在语意上构成了明显的转折关系。所以正确答案为B。44．【答案】D (During the late 1990s...)【解析】本题设在段落中间，可以通过段落一致性代词指代来确定答案。该段第一句提到：“The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding”,其表达的含义是：事情的问题不是可用资金的数目。那接下来要讲的内容一定和资金有关系。空后出现了代词“this is an adequate amount”其含义是：这个资金数目是足够的。那么this指代的内容一定和adequate amount相关，而选项D的题干是“national spending varied from 4% to 25%”，其表述的内容正是资金的总量。因此选项D为正确答案。45．【答案】E (The idea is to force social to integrate...)【解析】本题设空在段落中间，应瞻前顾后地依据连贯性原则确定答案。空前的信息是指欧盟提议取消了之前设定的专门投资支持社会科学家的专栏项目，其目的不是为了忽略社会科学家，而是完全相反，即文章中的“complete opposite”，根据语意衔接，接下来会说明欧盟这一做法的真正目的，并且这一目的对于社会科学家一定是积极的。选项E中的the idea指代空前出现的“it was proposed that...”，即欧盟的提案。除此之外，空后提到了collaborative endeavors，与选项E中的短语integrate with构成了同义替换。空后信息中的global problems与选项E中的health and demographic change, food security, ... and secure societies构成上下义的关系，这也是解题的一道线索，因此，正确答案为选项E。Section III Translation46. yet, when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.【参考译文】然而，看着无家可归者绘制出的花园图片时，人们会突然想到，尽管这些花园风格多样，它们都显示了人类除了装饰和创造性表达之外的其他各种基本诉求47. A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.【参考译文】无论地方多么简陋不堪，寻求一片静谧圣土是人类特有的需求，而动物需要的仅是仅是避难栖息之地。48. The gardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introce form into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such.【参考译文】无家可归者的乐园,实际上是一个毫无家庭气息的地方,给城市环境带来了一种新的形式。。无家可归者描绘的花园实质上是无所依附的,这些花园把一种形式引入城市环境中，而这样的城市环境中，形式要么根本不存在, 要么就完全不是以这种明显的方式存在。49. Most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic.【参考译文】我们大多数人会深陷于精神萎靡的状态，并常常将此归咎为一些心理原因，直到某天我们发现自己置身花园中，感到如魔法般烦闷尽消50. It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.【参考译文】正是对自然的这种或隐晦含蓄或清晰直白的提及，充分证实了用“花园”一词来描述这些虚拟建筑是合乎情理的，即使是从毫无拘泥的意义来讲的。Section IV Writing51．【参考范文】Dear Mr. Wilson,I am writing on behalf of the Student’ Union to invite you to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest. It will be held in ROOM304, the North Building next Friday.This contest aims at improving our abilities in practical English. We know that you are admired by all the students. We would be grateful if you could be the judge for this contest. The participants are mainly the seniors and the theme is concerning the importance of environmental protection.It’s our greatest pleasure that you can present yourself in this great event. We are looking forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.Yours sincerely,Li Ming52．【参考范文】Emerging from the cartoon is an eye-catching scene that college graates are at a turning point on the way to choose their future destination. When stepping out of the campus, a variety of choices, such as finding a job, going further ecation or abroad, and doing pioneering work, lie in front of these young people.The implication echoed by this drawing remind us the great importance of a philosophic topic in our daily life：a successful life is directly related to the choice made by oneself. Nevertheless, we cherish a belief that we cannot tell whether the selection is good or not, and as long as we adhere to our decision success will be realized step by step. Making choice is essential to help determine the direction of our way, and persistence functions as an indispensable driving force to keep up our spirit and to assist us to fulfill our study and work. Only those who are hard-working and brave enough to encounter obstacles of all sorts are most likely to reach the summit of success.Positive mental guidance should be popularized among the young people to help them make wise decision in their life. Besides, the youngster should be ecated to realize the reality. Only in this way, can they make the right choice and shoulder the real success.

People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making indivial decisions.人们大多在做决策的时候并不擅长考虑背景信息。At first glancethis might seem like a strength that __1_ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by _2_ factors.1. A grants B submits C transmits D delivers2. A minor B external C crucial D objective乍一看，这似乎是个优势，使判断看起来不受外界信息所影响。解析：答案1：A。A grant:授予，赋予；赋予了某种特殊的能力，符合逻辑；B submits 提交，呈递：提交给上级C transmits发送，传送D delivers给指定的人或者目的地，或者发表（言论、看法）答案2：B。文中讲述的是这种能力不受外来因素影响，并非客观或者重要因素A minor 较小的B external 外部的C crucial 重要的D objective客观的But Dr Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big _3_ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with.3. A issue B vision C picture D moment但是，Simonsohn博士推测，不能考虑全局使决定者因他们经手的日常信息样本所而产生了偏见。解析：答案3：C。big picture 整体情形与“背景信息”吻合big issue 重要议题；big vision 远见；big picture 整体情形；big moment重要时刻；_4_, he theorized that a judge _5_ of appearing too soft _6_crime might be more likely to send someone to prison __7_he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.4. A Above all B On average C In principle D For example5. A fond B fearful C capable D thoughtless6. A in B for C to D on7. A if B until C though D unless例如，他提出理论，一名法官因为害怕对犯罪表现的过于宽容，更可能会把某个罪犯送到监狱，如果那天他已经把五六个被告人判处强制社区劳动之后。解析：答案4：D。本句以法官判案的案例来论证，所以选择D。A Above all 最重要的是，尤其，表强调B On average 平均C In principle 原则上，理论上D For example例如，表举例，有递进的关系答案5：B。法官在轻判之后害怕表现的心慈手软，后面会重罚，所以选择BA fond of喜欢B fearful of 害怕C capable 能够做……D thoughtless考虑不周的6：D。固定搭配 too soft on sth/with sb.对……同情的，心肠软的7：A。通过时态考查虚拟语气，考查上下文的衔接和逻辑。To __8__this idea, they turned their attention to the university-admissions process.8. A. test B.emphasize C.share D.promote为了检验这个想法，他们把注意力放在了大学招生录取过程中。解析：答案8：A。检验In theory, the ____9___ of an applicant should not depend on the few others___10____ randomly for interview ring the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was____11____.9. A.decision B.quality C.status D.success10. A.found B.studied C.chosen D.identified11. A.otherwise B.defensible C.replaceable D.exceptional理论上，一位申请人的成功不应该依赖于其他在同一天被随机抽取的参加面试的其他申请者，但是Simonsohn博士怀疑事实并非如此。解析：答案9：D。考生被成功录取，品质、地位没有关系。答案10：C。申请者不是被找到found,被研究studied或者被指认的identified，只能是随机抽取的。答案11：A。下文中说：申请者的分数会受到其他人的影响。所以，理论与实情不符合。选择A.otherwise不这样，并非如此的B.defensible 可辩解的C.replaceable 可代替的D.exceptional异常的，罕见的He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews _12_ by 31 admissions officers.12. A. inspired B. expressed C. concted D. secured他研究了31位招生负责人进行的9323场MBA面试。解析：答案12：C。组织，安排，执行。A. inspired 激励B. expressed 表达C. concted 执行D. secured 保护，努力得到The interviewers had _13_ applicants on a scale of one to five.13. A. assigned B. rated C. matched D. arranged面试官给给申请者分1到5个等级。解析：答案13：B。分级，rate合适A. assigned 分配，指派B. rated 分级C. matched 匹配D. arranged 安排This scale _14_ numerous factors into consideration.14. A. put B. got C. took D. gave这个分级将许多要素考虑其中。解析：答案14：C。固定搭配。take sth into consideration.将…考虑其中The scores were _15_ used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is _16_out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.15. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather16. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introced这些分数然后被用来和申请者的GMAT分数联系起来（GMAT:从一个满分800分标准化的考试中评分），以决定是否接受他或她。解析：答案15：B。表顺承。A. instead 代替B. then 然后C. ever 曾经D. rather相反，而是答案16：C。为（测试等）打分。只能选MarkedA. selected 选择B. passed 通过，合格C. marked 评分D. introced介绍，引入Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _17__ that, then the score for the next applicant would_18_ by an average of 0.075 points.17. A below B after C above D before18. A jump B float C fluctuate D dropSimonsohn博士发现如果在同一天，一个申请人的分数比前一个高0.75分，那么下一个申请者的分数将平均下降0.075分。解析：答案17：D。句中逻辑the previous….before that…..the next，所以before答案18：D。前面是增加，后面自然是减少，所以选择drop。A jump 暴涨B float 漂浮C fluctuate 波动D drop下降，减少This might sound small, but to_19_the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been _20__.19. A achieve B undo C maintain D disregard20. A necessary B possible C promising D helpful这个分数听起来很小，但是要抵消它的影响申请人需要在GMAT中比正常情况下高出30分。解析：答案19：B。使无效，废除A achieve 获得，实现C maintain 保持D disregard不理会答案20：A。这里指的是，正常情况下和受偏见影响下所需的分数的差异。而非可能的分数，有希望的分数，有帮助的分数。

本文是2013年考研英语试卷阅读理解Part A的Text 1部分。本文以批判“快时尚”为主题，就“消费者应该减少购衣”抵制快时尚对劳动力和环境的损害这一观点进行反驳。In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Strep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her.在2006年的电影版的《穿普拉达的女王》中，梅丽尔斯特里普所扮演的米兰达，斥责她毫无吸引力、穿衣乏味的助手，原因是助手认为高级时尚与她没有关系。Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.米兰达解释了助手身上穿的深蓝色的毛衣是怎样从时装展“沦落到”百货商店，然后又“沦落到”打折区，让这个可怜的穷孩子直接的淘换到的。21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.答案：[B] insensitivity to fashion.对时尚不敏感解析：本文知识点：因果细节题。由上文可知米兰达批评她的助手是因为助手认为时尚与她无关——也就是批评助手对时尚不敏感。[A] poor bargaining skill.砍价能力差，文中未提及。[C] obsession with high fashion.对高级时尚极度痴迷，与文中意思相反。[D] lack of imagination.缺少想象力，文中未提及。This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at oddswith the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”.这种“组织严密的”时尚经济概念早就过时了，或者和“狂热的世界（《过度着装》描述的词汇）”不一致，伊丽莎白克莱恩历时三年对“快时尚”的控诉。In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.在过去十年，技术的进步使得大众品牌如Zara,HM,和优衣库对时尚趋势反应更快并且能更精确地预测用户需求。Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit.更快的周转意味着更少的库存浪费，更多的推新和更多的利润。These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.这些商标鼓励有时尚意识的消费者把衣服看作一次性的，意味着只需要洗一两次，尽管他们并非这样宣传——每几周更新他们的衣橱。By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an instry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.克莱恩说道，通过以特别便宜的价格提供流行的商品，这些品牌绑架了时尚周期，把一个长久以来的习惯于“季节”为步伐的产业撼动了。22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] Tolerance.解析：答案22：D。本文知识点：人物观点细节题。上文引入对快时尚的批判，大众品牌诱导消费者将衣服看作一次性产品，可见克莱恩认为大众品牌在劝消费者频繁购衣。[A] combat unnecessary waste.反对不必要的浪费[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.将狂热的时尚界拒之门外[C] resist the influence of advertisements.拒绝广告的影响[D] shop for their garments more frequently.更频繁购买衣服答案23：A。[A] accusation.指控，指责[B] enthusiasm.热情[C] indifference.漠视[D] Tolerance.容忍The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers.这场革命的受害者，不仅仅是设计师。For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.HM给他家在世界的2300多家店面提供针织迷你短裙，它必须依靠低工资的海外劳工，订单量巨大，对自然资源过度使用，并且使用大量有害的化学物质。Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma.《过度着装》是像迈克尔普兰所写的《杂食者的困境》一样的消费者活跃分子在时尚界的同类畅销书。“Mass-proced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-rable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.批量生产的衣服，像快餐一样，满足了饥饿和需求，然而并不持久而且很浪费，克莱恩争论到，她发现美国人一年买大约200亿衣服，平均每人64件，而且无论他们怎么样捐赠，这种过量都导致浪费。Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully.在《过度着装》结尾处，克莱恩介绍她理想的典范，一个布鲁克林女性名叫萨拉，从2008年就亲手给自己制作所有的衣服，而且衣服做得很漂亮。但正如克莱恩首次提及，它花费了萨拉几十年来完善自己的手工技能，她的例子不能被复制。But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.但是正如克莱恩首次注意到的，萨拉花了几十年的时间来完善技术，她的例子不能被复制。Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.尽管一些快时尚公司在尽力减小它们在劳工和环境方面造成的不良影响，比如HM推出绿色产品系列，克莱恩依旧相信长久的变化只会来自于顾客的选择。She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy.她展现出可持续发展支持者（无论是食物领域还是能源领域）共有的理想主义。Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.虚荣是永恒的，人们只会在付不起价款的时候才会开始买可持续性的产品。24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion instry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.答案：D。价格对购买环境友好型商品至关重要[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.虚荣更常见于理想主义者。[B] The fast-fashion instry ignores sustainability.快时尚行业忽视可持续发展。[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.人们对无力购买的衣服更感兴趣。25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion instry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.答案：C。批评快时尚行业。[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.对奢侈生活的讽刺[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.揭秘高级时尚的神话[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.揭露大众市场的秘密

我们的考研英语当中，阅读无疑是最重要的一部分。备考到这个阶段，大家都对考研阅读有了一定的了解，每年的二十道题当中，考察的方面可以分为几大题型。其中一个题型就是考察对于文章中作者观点态度倾向的理解，针对这个题型，我们今天来详细讲解一下。首先，考研阅读文章大部分选自发表在西方核心期刊的学术性议论文，根据这个特点我们就可以了解考研英语阅读文章当中的态度倾向。作为核心期刊，宣传的是一个国家的精神，不会出现引发争端争议的内容，发表文章的态度也是如此。我们可以简单把这些态度分为五种：第一种，歧视、偏见、不平等。第二种，冷漠、不关心及关心。第三种，迷惑、不清楚。第四种，情感过于强烈。第五种，容忍、沉溺、放纵。我们为什么要了解这些不可以的态度呢，因为解题的时候我们可以首先进行排除选项，提升题目作答的准确率。如何选出正确选项就需要我们进一步了解考研阅读中可以表达的态度，可以表达的态度可以分为三种，分别是“正”态度，“负”态度，“中”态度。这三种态度如何理解我们可以简单举个例子，比如前段时间讨论度很高的上海垃圾分类问题，讨论的人当中会有人非常支持，这种就是“正”态度，表示正向的积极的。面对这个问题有人可能会反对，认为加重了生活当中的烦恼，这种就是“负”态度。而理智客观的人会从全面的角度出发，既认可这种规则的合理也认为还需要一定改进，这种就是“中”态度。态度我们都了解了，那么该如何运用到解题中呢，解题的前提是我们要识别出这种题型。态度题的识别非常容易，英语中表示态度的单词是attitude，这就是识别态度题的一大标志，当题干当中出现attitude时，我们就知道这是一道态度题。当题干中并没有attitude，我们也可以从选项入手，当发现选项中的单词都是表示态度的，通过这一特点，我们也可以判断出题目是否是态度题。态度题的解题是非常具有技巧性的，我们通过这道例题来了解一下态度题的解题方法，解题首先要进行的就是排除选项，我们可以依据前面提过的五种不可以表达的态度进行排除。例1 The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.(2017年text 4)　　The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is _____.　　[A] sarcastic [B] tolerant [C] skeptical [D] supportive这道题当中我们可以发现选项A提到的sarcastic 刻薄的，这种态度过于否定，属于不可以表达的态度，选项B提到的tolerant 容忍的，也属于我们说的不可以表达的态度，选项C skeptical 怀疑的，是可以表达的态度，属于“负”态度，选项D supportive 支持的，是可以表达的态度，属于“正”态度。我们可以首先排除A和B，接下来到文章中看作者是如何描述题干中提到的 the court’s ruling, 作者用了一个短语 a step forward, 向前的一步，这是一种积极的描述，因此我们可以判断本题应该选D。这就是态度题的解题方法，首先排除干扰选项，再到文章中找到作者的描述体会其中的态度倾向解题。希望以上内容对于同学们的备考有所益处。

2015年T2第一段The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreprocibility of many published research findings.单词&词组搭配peer-review（合成词：同行评审）irreprocibility [rprdjus'blt] n.非再生的，非重现的add....to....（把...加...）contribute to（导致，造成）本段翻译《科学》杂志的主编XX宣布《科学》杂志在同行评阅之外又增加了一轮数据检查。这项政策有点效仿其他杂志的做法，出于人们对“数据分析中的基本错误导致许多已经出版的研究成果无法再现”的普遍担忧。31. It can be learned fromParagraph 1 that _______.[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projectsA项与文章相反；C项与文段内容矛盾；D项目将数据分析错误偷换成缺乏数据分析，属于偷换概念。第2段“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.单词&搭配editorial [edtril] adj.主编的，编辑的；[僻义] n.评论board n.板，木板；[僻义]委员会；v.上船/飞机scrutiny [skrutni] v.仔细检查panel [pnl] n.镶板；[僻义] v.专家小组statistician [sttstn] n.统计学家have confidence in（对...有信心）appoint...to...（任命...为）本段翻译“读者必须对我们期刊上发表的研究结论有信心，”麦克纳特在一篇社论中写道。该期刊与美国统计协会合作，已任命七名专家组成一个统计评审编辑委员会(简称 SBORE)。原稿将由该期刊的内部编辑、或其现有评审编委会、或由外部同行评审者做出标记，以接受额外审查。SBORI专家组随后会聘请外来的统计学家来审查这些原稿。32. The phrase “flagged up” (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to _______.[A] found[B] marked[C] revised[D] stored词汇题（搜索代入法）① 返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。② 确定该词汇的词性 ③ 从上下文（词汇的前后几句）中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词（如一下子找不到就再往上往下找），代入所给词汇在文章中的位置（将之替换）看语义是否合适④ 找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相，即答案本题还可以根据学习生活中常说的“立一个flag，干嘛嘛”，flag从字面意思就是旗帜，旗子可以用来标记，所以选第二个，没看文章都可以选对的哦。第三段Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science ’s overall drive to increase reprocibility in the research we publish.”单词&词组impelle [mpel] v.推送，促使creation [krien] n.创造，创建motivate [motvet] v.诱导，刺激，激发drive v.驾驶，开车；[僻义] n.驱动力，压力本段翻译当被问及是否因为某些特定的论文而促成了这次改变，麦克纳特说:““统计委员会的创建是受对科学研究中统计和数据分析应用的广泛关切的驱动，也是《科学》为提升其发表研究的可复制性的全面努力的一部分。第四段Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, is a member of the SBoRE group. He says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.” He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science .”单词&词组biostatistician 生物统计学家primarily [pramerli] adv.主要地，根本地advisory [dvazri] n.警报；adj.劝告的foresight [frsat] n.先见之明establishment [stblmnt] n.创立，成立（上一篇刚出现）novel n.小说；[僻义] adj.新奇的lasting adj.持续性的model [mɑdl] n.模型，样式；v.模仿，效仿approach [prot] v.靠近，接近；v.方法，态度circulation [srkjlen] n.血液循环，流通本段翻译哈佛大学公共卫生学院的生物统计学家、 SBORI成员乔瓦尼帕马强尼说，他期望该委员会“主要发挥某种咨询作用”。他同意加入委员会是因为他“发现SBORI创立背后的远见新颖、独特的，而且很可能会产生一种持久的影响。这种影响将不仅仅会遍及《科学》自己发表的文章，也有望波及一大批可能想效法《科学》此举的出版单位。”33. Giovanni Parmigianibelieves that the establishment of the SBoRE may _______. [A] pose a threat to all its peers[B] meet with strong opposition[C] increase Science ’s circulation[D] set an example for other journals A/B选项与文章意思相反；C项属于偷换概念：说的是新举措会提高出版物质量，往好的方向走，没说促进发行。D项根据model一词可推出第5段John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overe.” “Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,” he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine , the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.单词&词组methodology [meθdɑldi] n.方法论overe [ovr] adj.未做的，未付的biomedical [baomedkl] adj.生物医学的for the majority of（对绝大多数...而言）本段翻译专攻研究方法论的医师约输约安尼季斯说，该规定是“最令人欣慰的一步迈进”，它“老早就应该出台”。“大部分期刊在统计审查方面都很薄弱，这种情況有损发表内容的质量。我认为，对于当前大部分科研论文来说，统计审查比专家评审要更为关键，”他说道。不过他也指出，生物医学类期刊，像《内科学年鉴》、《美国医学协会杂志》以及《柳叶刀》等都对统计审查格外重视。第6段Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”. Vaux says that Science ’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place”.单词&词组Professional [prfenl] adj.职业的，专业的alarmingly ['lɑmli] adv.惊人地literate [ltrt] adj.有文化的，精通的verify [verfa] 核实merit [mert] n.有点，美德weakness [wikns] adj.缺点，不足rely on sb.to do（依赖某人做某事）in the first place（首先）本段翻译专业的科学家应当知道如何分析数据但是据细胞生物学家大卫·沃克斯所说，统计错误在已发表的研究中令人震惊地普遍2012年他写道，研究人员应该提高他们的水准，但期到杂志也应该采取更为严格的方针，“让精通统计的评审专家以及能够核实此(研完)过程的编辑参与(审查)”。沃克斯说，《科学》要把一些论文交给统计学家(审查)这一想法“有一定优点，但是一个缺点在于，它首先要依评审编辑委员会来鉴别哪些论文需要仔细评审”34. David Vauxholds that what Scienceis doing now _______. 　　[A] adds to researchers’ workload[B] diminishes the role of reviewers[C] has room for further improvement[D] is to fail in the foreseeable future A项无从得知，只是提高数据精准度；B项：与原文意思相反；D项：片面，只看到weakness，没看到merit，所以C项正确。35. Which of the following is the best titleof the text?[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with Scienc这篇相对比较简单，比较多的熟词僻义都是重复出现的，很多的单词都是高频词汇中不断出现的，前期也给大家分享过了。若是没有获取的同学，给后台发“熟词僻义”&“高频词汇”即可获取文档。

文都比邻第一时间整理2021年考研英语一真题原文及答案PDF完整版。所有考试结束后，2021考生可进行估分。备战2022年考研的考生们可以参照英语一真题答案，进行模拟考试。以下内容解读来源于文都教育教研组，一起来看2021考研英语一真题答案！以上为最新2021考研英语一真题原文及答案完整版，考研真题原文及答案公布，考生可以及时估分，提前着手准备复试。文都比邻持续更新2021年考研真题原文解析与答案，欢迎考生持续关注~

考研英语一真题及答案【完型填空】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast.1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15 Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up关于2020考研英语一完型填空的真题及答案就分享到这里啦。回过头来看，考研是一场孤独的战斗，可能这一年都是自己一个去图书馆，一个人去食堂，一个人回宿舍……虽然过程很辛苦，但你全心全意为自己拼的样子真的很棒，不负梦想，不负自己，加油！现在2021考研的小伙伴也开始准备了，作为考研过来人，学姐给你分享一些考研英语专用书单。单词书：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》，里面单词很全，还有重点，按考频划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词和超纲词，你可以根据自己的情况记，先背频考词，再背基础词和其它词，记起来很省时间。真题书：英一真题推荐《考研真相》，英二真题推荐《考研圣经》，里面真题都是逐句图示分析，重点单词和句子语法都有分析，很适合英语基础弱的考研er用，完全不用担心看不懂真题~~作文书：英语一《写作160篇》英语二《写作宝中宝》，你要是英语底子比较弱，不会写作文的话，真的建议你用这个。从常用的词汇、句型、模板都给你总结了，不会写那就直接背！再用思路定律和句式方法，让你从会写作文到会写高分作文。

在考研英语界，盛传一句话: “得阅读者得天下”。这句话是否对所有考英语的考生都适用呢？今天来探讨一下。图源网络，侵删。对于大部分专业来说，外语都是必考的科目。有的可以在英语、日语和俄语中选择其一，通常在院校发布的专业目录中会有说明。1.英语一和英语二的分值分布:而英语，又有英语一和英语二，这二者有什么不同呢？英语一和英语二题型是完全相同的，但部分题分值有所差异。完型填空（10分）、阅读理解（40分）、新题型（10分）、翻译（英语一10分，英语二15分）、小作文（10分）、大作文（英语一20分，英语二15分）。总体来看，不论是英语一还是英语二，阅读这一项，都占据了大比例分值，作文紧跟其后。2.英语一和英语二适用专业通常，学硕考生考英语一，专硕考生考英语二。也存在例外情况，例如，中国人民大学国际商务专业硕士考英语一。具体考试科目，会在院校的招生专业目录中说明。一般来说，英语科目历年都不会有变动，即不会突然从英语一改为英语二，也不会出现往年都考英语二，突然改为英语一的情况。3.得阅读就得天下了吗？其实从分值分布上就可以看出，阅读很重要，但得了阅读，未必就能“得天下”。“得阅读者得天下”这句话能被很多考研辅导老师和考生认可，部分原因在于，阅读占很大分值，且作文得分差距不大。但是，写的好和写的差，5分的差距就是65分到70分的差别。而在一些地区，很多考生的作文甚至被扣15分左右。这样的情况，即使阅读满分，英语总分也很有可能不具有竞争力。尤其对于考英语二的考生来说，作文更加重要！如果去看报考北京、上海等地的考生的经验贴，就会发现，经常有考生客观题（即阅读＋新题型）只扣了两三分，总分也在70分左右。这就说明，作文应该引起足够重视！4.作文应被重视！对于英语基础好的考生，通常客观题得分可观。这类考生对自己的英语得分要求较高，或者竞争对手英语得分通常较高，那么更应该重视作文。因为大家客观题都只扣了两三分，那么客观题拉开的差距可能也就一两分。那么在作文上多花点心思，有可能就是和竞争对手在英语成绩上拉开差距的有力武器！对于英语基础较差的考生，复习大半年客观题还是一错一大堆怎么办呢？一方面，还是要加强阅读训练，不要放弃；另一方面，可以在作文上多下点功夫。作文是可以提前准备的，多背一些范文，一篇范文多背几遍，背熟。再把范文中一些词组、句式整理出来，在背熟范文的基础上，单独把这些词组和句式多背诵、多默写。考场上就不会只知道中文表述，无从下笔。5.正确理解“得阅读者得天下”其实，“得阅读者得天下”并不是鼓励大家只重视阅读而忽略其他部分。分析并掌握阅读中的生词、词组、转折与联结词的用法、长难句的分析与应用，对写作和翻译都是有很大帮助的。也就是说，考生应更注意英语整体的学习。毕竟最后是用总分去竞争，而不是单挑阅读来比较！复习阅读时，学到的东西并不仅仅用于阅读，要学会融会贯通。写在最后: 任何人的任何话，都不应成为对某一科考试的某一部分掉以轻心的理由。虽然一些话有一定的道理和实用性，但说这些话的人都无法替你竞争！请各位“准研究生”独立思考，多做分析！

关注百家，分享更多法考、考研资料今年被誉为“史上最难考研年”，其中考研英语等话题很快就抢占热搜，不少考生直呼这次考研英语太难，今天小编想跟大家聊一聊这个“最难”难在哪些地方。一、总体分析相比2019年考研英语一的题目，2020年试卷难度相较去年略有上升，但是考察的主体内容基本总体没有超纲。完形填空，考察主题内容和我们日常生活息息相关，词汇相对基础总体不超纲，但是各个单项部分的难度有一些变化。完形填空的难度是较近几年有所提升的；阅读理解A部分前两篇文章的难度大，后两篇的难度小一点，很多时候不是读懂了题目就做得出来；新题型虽然考到了相对比较容易的小标题，但是很多人没有顺着出题者的思维去考虑造成了一些理解上的偏差；翻译部分的文章总体比较容易理解，句型结构考察和前几年基本一致，但可能主题词renaissance文艺复兴给部分同学造成了理解偏差；小作文考到了活动通知notice。大作文是双图对比《好习惯》，平时练习了的还有背诵一些模板的话还是比较容易写的。二、各部分分析1.英语知识运用2020年英语一完形填空所选取的文章主题“烤过的食物会对健康造成危害”，这个话题其实是很贴近我们的日常生活的，很多人都很喜欢吃烧烤类的东西，所以相对而言还是比较好理解的。整篇文章看下来，没有很多专业性的词汇，题目和选项中也没有超纲词。考察大家的还是对于词汇的辨析以及上下文逻辑推理能力，这也给咱们的2021的同学提个醒，考研英语考察了大家的英语综合能力，这离不开平时的日积月累。2.阅读理解2020年英语一的四篇阅读分别是英国的城镇文化奖项、科研出版业的盈利、女性政策以及法国向美国互联网巨头征收数字化税。其中在40道题目中有14道细节题，2道情感态度题，1道主旨题，1道段落推断题，2道例证题。其中Text1文章存在一定难度，非英语专业的人其实对于英国乡镇文化的话题了解比较少，而Text2、3、4难度适中。其中Text 3；Text 4都是考研英语之前常考话题，主题词明确。2020年英语一的新题型考的是一篇《关于眼神交流的作用研究》的小标题题，没有考排序以及选句填空，这个题目难度适中，一定程度上是大家比较容易拿分的部分。针对2021的考生来说新题型的备考大家不用过度担心，几种题型都做好备考的话，做题会好很多。3.翻译2020英语一试卷中的翻译文章《文艺复兴的终结，新的理性时代的到来》，本篇文章总体难度适中，这次次翻译依旧是考察了定语结构，状语结构，同位语从句，宾语从句；被动句等往年必考句型，其实在翻译过程中主要是一些长难句的理解，句子长而且有一些单词很难懂，造成了整体意思的错误。由于英式思维和中式思维的不同，英语中很多涉及名词的使用，而中文则是喜欢用动词，在翻译的时候需要把名词翻译成动词的形式，这样才能更符合中文的表达习惯。这次翻译考察的主要是文学历史题材，尤其是一些专有名词的认识，比如文艺复兴（Renaissance），地心说理论（geo-centric）等对一些工科的学生来说难度比较大，建议21的考生在备考的时候也要适当积累一些外国文化背景知识。4.写作小作文考察的是通知（notice），也是咱们考纲规定的应用文类型之一。格式准确，单词语法少错误，再穿插几个从句在里面基本上可以完成。大作文今年考察的是双图，副标题是习惯。一个小女孩今日事今日毕，另外一个小男孩老想拖延。大作文可以写时间管理、效率、习惯、坚持等都是切合主题，没有偏题的。相对于阅读来说，作文应该是比较简单的了，其实每年考研英语的作文话题都是比较常考的，只要是积累了相应的词汇、语句和适当的练习，作文就算拿不到高分也不会低。2020考研已经结束，2021的考生们要接力好哦！