历年考研真题pdf

无论是第几遍做真题，做错的题目，都要做记号，并找出错因。如果下一次还犯类似错误（尤其是计算失误），一定要好好反思反思。

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2020考研初试已经结束了，紧张复习了一年时间，终于可以稍微放松下了，紧绷的神经也得到了休息，休息过后，大家还有好好准备下复试，不管知不知道考试成绩，也要好好准备下，本校本专业的考生可能不需要过多准备，但是那些跨专业跨地区跨院校考试的考生，可是要好好的准备了。初试过后，各种真题资源及答案满天飞，不过有的题目不准，有的没有答案，有的缺少试题。今天给大家来过来的也是真题，完整高清版本，可以拿去打印。想要获取历年真题资料PDF版的可以评论留言获取。2020考研真题：政治真题及答案解析，高清完整版来源：文都（免责及版权声明：仅供个人研究学习，不涉及商业盈利，如有侵权请及时联系删除，观点仅代表作者本人，不代表本号立场）

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

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大学答案帮手囿 小程序可在线看囿 公众号可下PDF1、中央民族大学汉语国际教育445汉语国际教育基础2010真题2、中央民族大学汉语国际教育445汉语国际教育基础2011真题3、中央民族大学汉语国际教育445汉语国际教育基础2012真题4、中央民族大学汉语言文字学620现代汉语、古代汉语2013真题5、中央民族大学会计学814管理学2016真题6、中央民族大学行政管理815行政管理学2015真题7、中央民族大学(331)社会工作原理讲义8、中央民族大学马克思主义理论621马克思主义基本原理2018真题9、中央民族大学新闻学619新闻传播史论2016真题10、中央民族大学新闻学820新闻传播实务2016真题11、中央民族大学汉语国际教育354汉语基础2012真题12、中央民族大学汉语国际教育354汉语基础2013真题13、中央民族大学汉语国际教育354汉语基础2015真题14、中央民族大学社会学617社会学通论2017真题15、中央民族大学(611)中国哲学史2018年真题16、中央民族大学政治经济学812理论经济学2016真题17、中央民族大学其它311教育学原理2005真题18、中央民族大学其它457教育学概论2005真题19、中央民族大学其它-99政治学导论2006真题20、中央民族大学其它451文学理论2005真题21、中央民族大学其它338文学理论、中国当代文学、民间文学2006真题22、中央民族大学其它338文学理论、中国当代文学、民间文学2005真题23、中央民族大学其它-99综合课(市场经济学、区域经济学)2006真题24、中央民族大学其它426中国文学史2005真题25、中央民族大学其它459中国民族概论2005真题26、中央民族大学其它458中国舞蹈史、舞蹈理论2005真题27、中央民族大学社会学818社会学研究方法2006真题28、中央民族大学马克思主义理论822马克思主义理论综合2018真题29、中央民族大学马克思主义理论621马克思主义基本原理2013真题30、中央民族大学马克思主义理论822马克思主义理论综合2013真题31、中央民族大学汉语国际教育354汉语基础2011真题32、中央民族大学其它315综合课(藏族历史、藏族宗教、藏族文学史)2005真题33、中央民族大学618考古学通论2019通关宝典34、中央民族大学社会工作331社会工作原理0复试真题35、中央民族大学(437)社会工作实务讲义36、中央民族大学马克思主义理论822马克思主义理论综合2014真题37、中央民族大学马克思主义理论621马克思主义基本原理2015真题38、中央民族大学马克思主义理论621马克思主义基本原理2017真题39、中央民族大学马克思主义理论822马克思主义理论综合2017真题40、中央民族大学其它414理论经济学2006真题41、中央民族大学其它456中西音乐史2005真题42、中央民族大学其它321人类学概论2004真题43、中央民族大学其它343美术史论2006真题44、中央民族大学其它446藏族史2005真题45、中央民族大学其它341艺术概论与写作2005真题46、中央民族大学其它444藏族文化2005真题47、中央民族大学其它444藏族文化2006真题48、中央民族大学其它420藏族文学基础2005真题49、中央民族大学其它618考古学通论2012真题50、中央民族大学其它433民族学理论与方法2005真题51、中央民族大学其它-99人类学概论2011真题52、中央民族大学其它-99人类学概论2014真题53、中央民族大学其它-99人类学概论2015真题54、中央民族大学社会保障815行政管理学2015真题55、中央民族大学教育经济与管理815行政管理学2015真题56、中央民族大学西方经济学812理论经济学2005真题57、中央民族大学财政学812理论经济学2005真题58、中央民族大学金融学812理论经济学2005真题59、中央民族大学国际贸易学812理论经济学2005真题60、中央民族大学中国少数民族经济812理论经济学2005真题61、中央民族大学会计学814管理学0真题62、中央民族大学企业管理814管理学0真题63、中央民族大学金融学812理论经济学2017真题64、中央民族大学旅游管理814管理学0真题65、中央民族大学舞蹈636舞蹈历史与理论0真题66、中央民族大学旅游管理814管理学2016真题67、中央民族大学教育经济与管理815行政管理学0真题68、中央民族大学音乐624音乐专业基础2017真题69、中央民族大学社会保障815行政管理学0真题70、中央民族大学汉语国际教育445汉语国际教育基础2013真题71、中央民族大学人口、资源与环境经济学812理论经济学2013真题72、中央民族大学金融学812理论经济学2013真题73、中央民族大学汉语国际教育445汉语国际教育基础2015真题74、中央民族大学国际贸易学812理论经济学2013真题75、中央民族大学其它422民族学、人类学理论与方法2006真题76、中央民族大学其它314综合课(民法学、民事诉讼法学、商法学)2006真题77、中央民族大学其它335综合课(法理学、民法学、民事诉讼法学)2005真题78、中央民族大学其它315综合课(法理学、宪法、中国法制史)2006真题79、中央民族大学教育学原理651教育学科综合2015真题80、中央民族大学教育学原理651教育学科综合2016真题81、中央民族大学教育管理825教育管理学2017真题82、中央民族大学民俗学617社会学通论2013真题83、中央民族大学中国哲学611中国哲学史2005真题84、中央民族大学外国哲学611中国哲学史2005真题85、中央民族大学宗教学611中国哲学史2005真题86、中央民族大学中国哲学611中国哲学史2006真题87、中央民族大学教育经济与管理815行政管理学2017真题88、中央民族大学其它415专业基础课(宪法、行政法、行政诉讼法)2006真题89、中央民族大学其它417专业基础课(民族法)2006真题90、中央民族大学其它428朝鲜语语法(民族语答卷)2005真题91、中央民族大学其它425民俗学2006真题92、中央民族大学其它-99综合课(市场经济学、区域经济学)2005真题93、中央民族大学行政管理614政治学、管理学基础2006真题94、中央民族大学数学638数学分析2005真题95、中央民族大学植物学639普通生物学2005真题96、中央民族大学政治经济学812理论经济学2006真题97、中央民族大学中国现当代文学620现代汉语、古代汉语2013真题98、中央民族大学中国少数民族语言文学626语言学、文学概论2013真题99、中央民族大学马克思主义哲学611中国哲学史2005真题100、中央民族大学行政管理614政治学、管理学基础2005真题

资料来源于：学盛通学习网547所高校考研专业课资料库 2009年—2018全国硕士研究生入学统一考试408计算机学科专业基础综合真题及详解一、题库目录：第一部分　历年考研真题2009年—2018全国硕士研究生入学统一考试408计算机学科专业基础综合真题及详解第二部分　章节题库模块一　数据结构第1章　绪　论第2章　线性表第3章　栈和队列第4章　树与二叉树第5章　图第6章　查　找第7章　排　序模块二　计算机组成原理第1章　计算机系统概述第2章　数据的表示与运算第3章　存储器的分层第4章　指令系统第5章　中央处理器第6章　总线系统第7章　输入输出系统模块三　操作系统第1章　操作系统概述第2章　进程管理第3章　内存管理第4章　文件管理第5章　输入输出管理模块四　计算机网络第1章　计算机网络体系结构第2章　物理层第3章　数据链路层第4章　网络层第5章　传输层第6章　应用层第三部分　模拟试题全国硕士研究生入学统一考试408计算机学科专业基础综合模拟试题及详解（一）全国硕士研究生入学统一考试408计算机学科专业基础综合模拟试题及详解（二）完整题库请到学盛通学习网huo'qu二、考研真题节选：（一）选择题及综合题：12一个C语言程序在一台32位机器上运行。程序中定义了3个变量x、Y和z，其中x和z为int型， Y为short型。当x=127， Y=-9时， 执行赋值语句z=x+Y后， x、Y和z的值分别是( )。A.x=0000007FH，Y=FFFFFFF9H，z=00000076HB.x=0000007FH，Y=FFFFFFF9H，z=FFFF0076HC.x=0000007FH，Y=FFFFFFF7H，z=FFFF0076HD.x=0000007FH，Y=FFFFFFF7H，z=00000076H【答案】D【解析】当两个不同长度的数据，要想通过算术运算得到正确的结果，必须将短字长数据转换成长字长数据， 这被称为“符号扩展。例如， x和z为int型， 数据长32位， Y为short型，数据长16位，因此首先应将y转换成32位的数据，然后再进行加法运算。运算采用补码的形式，而x的补码是0000007FH，Y的补码是FFFFFFF7H，所以x+Y=00000076H.13浮点数加、减运算一般包括对阶、尾数运算、规格化、舍入和判溢出等步骤。设浮点数的阶码和尾数均采用补码表示，且位数分别为5位和7位(均含2位符号位)。若有两个数X=2x29/32，Y=2x5/8，则用浮点加法计算X+Y的最终结果是( )。A.001111100010B.001110100010C.010000010001D.发生溢出【答案】D【解析】浮点数加、减运算一般包括对阶、尾数运算、规格化、舍入和判溢出等步骤，难点在对阶、规格化、判溢出这三步。X和Y的阶码不同，所以应该先对阶，对阶原则为：小阶向大阶看齐。因此将Y对阶后得到：Y=2x5/32，然后将尾数相加，得到尾数之和为：34/32。因为这是两个同号数相加，尾数大于1，则需要右规，阶码加1。由于阶码的位数为5位，且含两位符号位，即阶码的表示范围在-8~+7之间。而阶码本身等于7，再加1就等于8。因此，最终结果发生溢出。14某计算机的Cache共有16块， 采用2路组相联映射方式(即每组2块) 。每个主存块大小为32字节， 按字节编址。主存129号单元所在主存块应装入到的Cache组号是( )。A.0 B.2 C.4 D.6【答案】C【解析】首先根据主存地址计算所在的主存块号，然后根据组相联映射的映射关系K=Imod Q(K代表Cache的组号， I代表主存的块号， Q代表Cache的组数) 来计算Cache的组号。由于每个主存块大小为32字节，按字节编址，那么主存129号单元所在的主存块号是4， Cache共有16块， 采用2路组相联映射方式(即每组2块) ， 故Cache有8组， 按照上面的公式可以计算得到Cache的组号=4mod 8=4。15某计算机主存容量为64KB， 其中ROM区为4KB， 其余为RAM区， 按字节编址。现要用2Kx 8位的ROM芯片和4Kx 4位的RAM芯片来设计该存储器， 则需要上述规格的ROM芯片数和RAM芯片数分别是( )。A.1、15 B.2、15 C.1、30 D.2、30【答案】D【解析】主存储器包括RAM和ROM两部分， 由于ROM区为4KB， 则RAM区为60KB。存储容量的扩展方法有字扩展、位扩展、字和位同时扩展三种。选用2Kx 8位的ROM芯片， 只需采用2片芯片进行字扩展便可得到4KB的ROM区； 选用4Kx 4位的RAM芯片， 需采用(60) /4*2片芯片进行字和位同时扩展便可得60KB的RAM区。43 (8分) 某计算机的CPU主频为500MHz， CPI为5(即执行每条指令平均需要5个时钟周期)。假定某外设的数据传输率为0.5MB/s，采用中断方式与主机进行数据传送，以32位为传输单位，对应的中断服务程序包含18条指令，中断服务的其他开销相当于2条指令的执行时间。请回答下列问题，要求给出计算过程。(1) 在中断方式下， CPU用于该外设I/O的时间占整个CPU时间的百分比是多少?(2) 当该外设的数据传输率达到5MB/s时， 改用DMA方式传送数据。假定每次DMA传送块大小为5000B， 且DMA预处理和后处理的总开销为500个时钟周期， 则CPU用于该外设I/O时间占整个CPU时间的百分比是多少?(假设DMA与CPU之间没有访存冲突)解： (1) 已知主频为500MHz， 则时钟周期=1-500MHz=2ns， 因为CPI=5， 所以每条指令平均5x2=10ns。又已知每中断一次传送32位(4个字节)，数据传输率为0.5MB/s，所以传送时间=4-0.5MB/s=8us。CPU用于该外设I/O共需20条指令(中断服务程序包括18条指令+其他开销折合2条指令) ， 花费时间=20x 10=200ns。CPU用于该外设I/O的时间占整个CPU时间的百分比=200/8000×100%=0.025*100%=2.5%。(2) 改用DMA方式传送数据， 数据传输率为5MB/s， 传送5000B的时间=5000B-5MB/s=1ms。预处理和后处理的总开销时间=500x2ns=1us。CPU用于该外设I/O时间占整个CPU时间的百分比=预处理和后处理的总开销时间-传送数据的时间=1/1000×100%=0.001x100%=0.1%。2022考研在学盛通学习网还有这些统考课/公共课/专业课可以在线试看：2022年考研312心理学专业基础综合教材及真题讲解马海涛《中国税制》（第9版）笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解南京大学哲学系《911马克思主义哲学史（含原著）》历年考研真题汇编