考研真相pdf版

人生中有很多关键时刻，往往“选择都大于努力。”对于考研而言，更是如此。选对学校专业，选对复习资料，选对复习方法，做好复习规划……你就成功了一半！但是，很多考生在面对这些选择时，往往都非常茫然，一般都是看别人怎么做、自己就怎么做。殊不知，每个人的实际情况不尽相同，适合自己的复习方式也不相同。时值2月，正是很多考研萌新选择资料的关键时期，也是开启考研英语复习的黄金阶段。今天，我们就围绕“考研英语复习资料怎么选”，给大家一些“原则性”的纯干货！一、选择复习资料的三大原则1.不要盲目从众，适合自己的才是最好的。建议：综合目标分数、自身基础、时间长短、复习阶段、个人习惯等实际情况，进行选择。2.全面收集信息，多角度对比，综合选择。建议：通过学姐学长、各大网站和销售平台，了解清楚都有哪些真题书、词汇书、语法书、作文书（不要忽视近几年或新上市的好书），对比书籍结构、内容版块、讲解模式、排版风格等等，进行选择。3.先试用体验，觉得对自己有帮助后，再购买。建议：通过试用学姐学长的旧书、借阅研友购买的新书、查看电子版PDF，判断其是否适合自己。注意：一定要全面收集信息，重点关注每本书的最新版本，虽然很多书籍新版和旧版几乎没有区别，但也有一些书籍会有大的变化。比如，2021版《考研真相》和旧版就有很大不同，20年英语一真题大约2000页全部重新讲解：①旧版虽然也是“逐词逐句讲解”，但只是长难句有图解，简单句用文字描述的方式讲解，新版《考研真相》20年真题共3000多句，一句一句全新图解，更清晰直观；②试题解析也全新升级，方法性和操作性更强，而且重点突出了怎么排除干扰项。我也是在考研帮一篇帖子中看到2021版《考研真相》PDF的下载链接，才发现这本书全面改版了的（云盘链接： http://t.cn/AisQwuiF 提取码：44a8）。所以大家在复习的时候每天要抽出一点儿时间，随时关注最新信息。点进去上面这个链接，可以同时下载2021版《考研真相》和《考研圣经》的PDF。两本书其实是一家的，只不过《考研真相》是英语一真题，《考研圣经》是英语二真题。二、考研英语真题书怎么选？（一）选择原则真题书共分为两大类：“详解类”和“刷题类”。我们应先使用“详解类”书籍逐词逐句研读真题，巩固英语基础，扫清阅读障碍；学习解题方法，提升答对率。然后利用“刷题类”书籍培养考试状态，提升做题速度；进行自我检测，全面查漏补缺。1. 详解类：基础优先，方法并重。相比四级真题和六级真题，考研英语真题的文章难度和试题难度有明显提升。很多四级考了500多分的人，甚至六级一次考过的人，都很难适应考研英语真题的难度，这也是为什么考研英语成绩70+就被视为高分的原因。因此，考研英语复习一定要重视基础，不能心存侥幸！当然，方法也同样重要，它决定着我们的做题速度和答对率。（1）文章讲解“重基础”。①句子结构“划清晰”。很多同学在复习时，不注重语法基础。但实际上，理清句子结构，对于我们提升做题速度和准确性，有很大帮助。举个例子，文章中有很多修饰成分（尤其是插入语），与正确答案没有丝毫关系，反而会对我们造成干扰，这部分内容就可以省去不看；再举个例子，理清什么是原因状语，就能够快速找到“WHY”类问题的解题要害。尽管语法如此重要，多数书籍都没能很好地解决这一问题。很多真题书都只是在1篇文章中挑一两个长难句进行分析——而考研英语真题中，1篇文章大概有20几个句子，其中有10几个句子都较难理解。这对于基础薄弱和基础一般的考生来说，简直是一场灾难。但是，也有少数书籍意识到了语法的重要性，它们对于文章中的所有句子，一句一句分析语法结构，比如《考研真相》和“巨微真题逐句精解”。两者各有优势，但我更推荐《考研真相》，尤其在看了2021版新书PDF之后。上图是在云盘下载的2021版《考研真相》PDF截图。之所以更推荐《考研真相》，主要是因为：第一，所有句子都是图解，非常清晰，视觉体验更好；第二，句子主干非常突出，能够快速了解句子核心；第三，修饰成分层次分明，区分一级修饰、二级修饰……；第四，箭头指示非常清楚，还通过加色加粗体现重点。总之，2021版《考研真相》不光是一句一句图解，更重要的是有重点、不啰嗦，既继承了旧版的优势，也弥补了之前的不足。在语法分析版块，《考研真相》可以说完全碾压其他书。②词汇注释“重巩固”。如果不记单词，直接做真题，是对真题的极大浪费。因此，在使用详解类真题书之前，我们应该已经系统地复习过词汇。所以，在选择详解类真题书时，词汇注释不需特别详细，只要包含基本的音标、词性和词义，有助于我们回顾巩固即可。对此，大多数真题书都是这么做的。最大的区别在于，多数书是集中在一起注释；像《考研真相》这样“逐词逐句讲解”的书，是分散在每个句子中注释。两者各有利弊，集中注释便于集中记忆，但容易混淆；分散在每个句子中注释，相当于有真题语境，更有助于理解词汇用法，但不太好查找。不过，《考研真相》的词汇注释还有一个小亮点，就是按照考频做了区分，有助于我们明确哪些词汇是巩固的重点，主要体现在星标上。③文章翻译“要集中”。全文翻译集中在一起，更有利于我们快速理解文章大意，也有助于我们强化翻译能力。实际上，多数真题书都是这么做的，但也有一部分书是按照段落“一段一段”进行翻译，既不利于我们从宏观上把握文章，也在客观上给我们造成了不便。上图也是源自2021版《考研真相》PDF，这本书除了“逐句精解”版块有每个句子的翻译之外，解析册还专门再次给出了全文翻译，细节做得很贴心。④篇章结构“讲要点”。文章的行文思路非常重要，有助于我们快速定位到原文。但也不必在这方面花费太多时间，因为考研英语真题一般按照文章的先后顺序进行命题。所以，不建议选择“篇章分析占太大篇幅”的详解书，像这样能够抓住要点的图解就很好。（2）试题解析“重方法”。首先，我们需要明确一点，什么才是真正的好方法？①通用性。一招走天下，才能称为方法，否则只能算偏方。②易操作。可以直接拿来应用，才能称为方法，否则只能叫思路。③能解题。可以用它找到答案，才能称为方法，否则就是马后炮。之所以给大家强调这点，是因为很多人在选书时，只看解析长短，不看具体内容。目前市场上大多数真题书的试题解析都存在这两大通病：①没有通用性，只是简单的技巧总结。以英语一阅读为例，很多书都是先表明每个试题属于八大考点中的哪一个考点，然后针对该类试题总结规律。但是，我们很多时候连试题属于哪个考点都分不清，更记不住它们可以运用什么技巧解题。而且，这些规律的限制条件还很多。②不是“解题”，而是“讲题”。什么是讲题？就是已知正确答案，然后套原因，“证明”它为什么对；对于错误答案的讲解也是一样，都是事后诸葛亮。这种解析即使看了几百题，也依然不会做新题。在此，以2021版《考研真相》阅读试题为例，向大家展示一下什么样的试题解析可以称之为方法。2021 版 《考研真相》阅读试题的解题方法：①总共给出了两个路径：一、从题干出发，找出正确答案；二、从选项出发，排除干扰项。路径二可以看做是路径一的验证，也可以看做是路径一不能直接解题时的后备方法。这种方式可以有效提升答对率。②无论是哪个路径，都可以按照三大步骤解题：第一步：找题干或选项中的关键词，定位到原文某一句，通过对比原句、题干和选项，判断哪个选项是正确答案，哪个选项是干扰项；第二步：当原句不能直接判断时，看上下文；第三步，当上下文也不能判断时，看主旨。③不是每个路径、每个选项都要经过三大步骤，只有当前一步不能直接判断时，才进入下一步。多数试题都可以省略第2步或第3步。总结下来，就是“一个方法，两个路径（从题干出发、从选项出发），三大步骤（看原文、看上下文、看主旨）”，就能解决所有的考研英语阅读题型。当然，这一方法走天下的前提还是基础要牢靠，能够看懂文章，扫清所有的阅读障碍。否则，即使定位到正确答案的原文出处，不知道原文是什么意思，也是徒劳。从这个角度来说，《考研真相》的“逐词逐句精解”模式和它的解题方法是前后呼应、相得益彰的。（3）试题年份“看时间”。自1980年考研开始考英语以来，已经有41年真题，其中还区分英语一真题、英语二真题、MBA真题（英语二的前身），所有的考研英语真题总数加起来也有60多套。那么到底应该精研多少套真题呢？英语一真题：①复习时间比较充足，可以选近20年真题套装，早期真题与现在试题相去甚远，做的意义并不大，不必纠结要不要做八几年和九几年试题。②复习时间不长不短，可以做自2005年之后的真题（自2005年正式出现英语一），也可以选近10—15年真题套装。③复习时间十分紧张，建议选择至少包含5年真题的单本。英语二真题：①复习时间比较充足，可以做一部分MBA真题和近11年英语二真题。不建议先做英语一真题，毕竟MBA才是英语二的前身，命题思路和试题难度与英语二真题更接近；而英语一真题比英语二难度更大，直接上手容易打击自信，可以在后期做几套练练手。目前市面上有MBA真题详解的，只有《考研圣经》（《考研圣经（基础加强版）》对2005—2009年的MBA真题进行了“逐词逐句精解”），其他书籍要么没有基础版，要么是所谓的英语一和英语二通用版（实际上是早年的英语一真题或英语一真题前身）。②复习时间不长不短，可以做2010年至今的近11年英语二真题。自2010年开始，正式出现英语二。③复习时间十分紧张，建议选择至少包含5年真题的单本。除了以上三大要素，还有一些细节不能忽视，比如，试卷排版“要仿真”，试卷解析“应分册”，书籍排版“要舒适”……总之，在保证书籍内容有效性的前提下，尽可能选择适合自己、体验更好的书籍，这样复习时更得力！2. 刷题类：仿真排版，题量充足。刷题的主要目的是培养考试状态，提升做题速度；进行自我检测，全面查漏补缺。因此，试卷排版和试题数量至关重要。（1）仿真排版是关键。目前，市面上很多真题书都标榜自己和考场排版一样。但实际上，有些书为了省纸张，字体字号很小，行距很紧密，根本就不是仿真排版。这点很好区别，2005年至今的英语一真题和2010年至今的英语二真题，总共都是15页，第1页是封面，2-15页是试题，只要总页码少于15页的试题，都不是仿真排版。（注意：2005年之前的英语一真题前身，和英语二真题前身MBA真题，因为题型和现在稍有不同，很多书都是删掉了现在不再考查的真题，因此页码略有变化。）还有一部分书籍虽然试题页码也是15页，但它的构成是“封面1页+空白页1页+试题14页”，这类试题的特征是文章和题目不在同一面，做题还得翻页，非常麻烦。注意，这类试题也不是真正的仿真排版！我刚参加过2020年考研，坐标西安交通大学，考场上的真题根本不需要翻页！！！它的排版是这样的：“封面1页+试题14页+空白页1页”，文章在左边，试题在右边，不需来回翻就能左右对照看题！就我知道的书籍来说，闪过“真题真练”（励志版）、《考研真相》和《考研圣经》的试卷排版都和我在考场上见到的相同，算是真正的考场排版。其他书不做评价，大家可以用上面的方法比较。（2）真题题量要充足。对于英语一真题而言，建议选择20年真题；对于英语二来说，自2010年至今的11年真题即可（MBA真题比较适合最初阶段打基础，刷题阶段可以不用做）。在此建议大家，千万不要做模拟题！因为模拟题的质量不好保证，文章难度和试题难度与真题多有偏差，命题思路和考点分布也很难保持一致。如果想多练习，可以用真题进行二刷、三刷。实在想做模拟题，可以用来练练手感，不要纠结答案对错。（3）解析不必太详细。刷题的目的在于培养做题状态和查漏补缺，不需要太过详细的解析。因为我们在此前已经逐词逐句逐题精研过真题，而且也有非常详细的详解类真题书。刷题类真题书只要能够列出解题要点，就足够了；实际上，只有答案速查表也不影响刷题。（4）性价比高很重要。因为真题要刷两遍，甚至三遍，所以价格低、性价比高很重要。像闪过“真题真练”（励志版）这样的书就很实惠，比我们自己复印还便宜。（二）常见疑问Q1:我英语基础一般，也不是很差，《考研真相》这样“逐词逐句精解”的书对我来说是不是太过于详细了？A1：考研英语真题难度比四六级大很多，对于基础一般的人来说，文章中有一半的句子看不懂，也是很常见的。如果选择一篇文章只讲解一两个长难句的书籍，可能会遇到很大的阅读障碍，到时候也不知该求助谁。所以，还是建议用《考研真相》这样一句一句讲解的真题书。但是在应用时，遇到自己能看懂的句子，可以选择性跳过，重点关注自己看不懂的句子。Q2：我英语基础特别好，考研英语文章基本上都能自己看懂，不需要像《考研真相》那样文章讲得很详细的证书，有没有专门针对解题方法的真题书？A2：建议使用像《考研英语真题倍速快解》这样专攻解题方法的真题书。这本书和2021版《考研真相》一样，对于完形、阅读、新题型、翻译和作文都有自己的一套方法，通用性强、操作性强，可以直接套用。Q3：我六级过了，是用《考研真相》呢，还是用《考研英语真题倍速快解》呢？A3：建议先把前面提到的2021版《考研真相》的电子版下载下来（云盘链接： http://t.cn/AisQwuiF 提取码：44a8），里面有空白真题、逐句精解和试题解析。把空白真题打印一份，自己先做一下。做完之后，把自己看不懂的句子用笔标记出来。如果1篇文章超过3句看不懂，建议最好还是用《考研真相》；如果1篇文章看不懂的句子少于3句，可以用《考研英语真题倍速快解》——这本书重点讲方法，没难句分析。对了，别忘了，一定要先明确自己是考英语一还是英语二；英语一下载《考研真相》，英语二下载《考研圣经》哦！不知不觉间已经写了五千多字了，对于“考研英语复习资料怎么选”这一话题，我们先分享到这里。关于词汇书、语法书、作文书、辅导班等等的选择，我们“下一弹”再聊！如果大家对于“考研英语真题选择”还有什么疑问，可以留言回复，后续我们再补充。祝大家都能考上心仪的学校，遇见更美好的自己！

19考研复试热的浪潮还未退去，20考研复习的号角已吹响。很多20考研的同学，都开始准备自己的复习计划和资料。在准备资料时，考研萌新们也有许多疑惑。这不学姐我就挑出了大家最常问的问题之一，考研真相三版本都买吗？给大家做出解答。考研真相三版本都买吗？很多同学有可能会疑惑为什么有三本考研真相。这是因为考研真相根据考研复习的各个阶段，将真题分为【基础加强版】（98年-04年真题），【高分突破版】（05年-12年真题）【考前冲刺版】（13年-19年真题）。一般都会将考研全年复习时间，划分为基础巩固阶段：3月-5月，系统练习阶段：6月-9月、考前冲刺阶段：10月-12月。三本考研真相就正好对应这三部分。考研真相三版本都买吗？看完下文你就清楚了！一、基础巩固阶段这一阶段，同学们可以使用考研真相【基础加强版】练习英语真题刚开始做英语真题，会因为真题难度而打击到自信心。而基础加强版，从年度较早的98-04年，帮助你先熟悉考研英语题型。而98-04年的真题难度比较简单，也会给考研同学更多的信心~这一阶段做真题要注意：1.精翻文章，练习语言组织能力和逻辑思维。精翻文章是前期提高英语水平的最直接的方法，精翻一篇文章，目的就是为了让你，在不断的练习中能把握一篇文章的主干、逻辑和关键词、句。2.通过精解，勾画翻译中不会的词汇、短语，并积累。考研真相的逐词逐句精解就是为了让你去积累基础！二、系统练习阶段这一阶段，因在黄金暑假时期，所以同学们应该把完整时间放在练习真题方面。而这一阶段，考研真相的高分突破版（05年-12年真题），符合现题型难度，很适合同学们在练习真题中归纳自己的做题思路。这一阶段做真题要注意：1.练习用正确的做题步骤做题：你现在更需要注意的是做英语题目的思路，从翻译全文到总结段落大意，关键词、句，题目返回原文。一直保持这样的做题步骤，就可以让你的思路更加清晰。2.对比与第一次真题练习，错在哪，哪些点还没有掌握。三、考前冲刺阶段考前阶段最适合做的就是贴近报考年份的真题，而考研真相的高分冲刺版就包括近6年的真题。增加了新题型，而且题目都很接近现有题型的难度。很适合同学们通过英语真题，来进行考前冲刺。这就是为什么考研真相三本都要买，因为每一阶段都有相对应的真题需要练习。这一阶段做真题要注意：1.答题思路需注意：其实在第二轮的做题中形成的答题步骤，就是你的答题思路。但是在最后掐表做题时，一定要把步骤形成为在脑海里的思路。2.总结错题答案特征，把握出题人的思路：这需要经过长期做题，考研真相中对出题人的角度和错题答案特征总结的很详细，可以通过解析来整理自己前三轮练习。除了考研真相，还有很多不错的英语资料，比如：基础薄弱的同学可以用：太阳城考研英语3件套单词书：《非常词汇》在660个句子中记2200+考研必考词和基础词。真题书：《考研真相》英一（《考研圣经》英二）基础薄弱专用，逐词逐句精解。作文书：《写作160篇》英一（《写作宝中宝》英二）从词句段篇帮你补作文基础，再到3大思路和句子突破法则帮你突破作文。网课：张国静考研英语全程班，从前期基础到冲刺都有，包括词汇、长难句、真题、作文。讲的内容也很详细，干货很多，很适合基础薄弱的同学，可以跟着老师补基础。突破985、211的同学可以用：尖刀侠考研英语3件套单词书：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按照重要程度划分为必考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，可按照自己的情况背诵。真题书：尖刀侠《考研英语真题倍速快解》一个题型对应一个解题模板，直接套用模板，很好理解。帮你提高做题速度和正确率。作文书：尖刀侠《考研英语高分作文36法则》总结了36个作文高分句式的写作方法，帮你突破作文高分。考研真相三版本都买吗？三本不仅要买，还要跟着答案解析，一步步的巩固基础，总结得失，掌握做真题的思路。

最近很多22考研的小伙伴都在关心，张国静主编的考研英语真题书——《考研真相》好用吗？怎么这么多备考的人都在用？22版考研英语真题《考研真相》新书已经上市了，今天我就给小伙伴总结下这本倍受考研党好评的《考研真相》到底有哪些优点~毕竟考研资料书是一笔知识投资，谁也不想白白浪费金钱的，所以如果是好书的话，那大家可一定不能错过哦！（一）《考研真相》的真题解析，做到了最详细！《考研真相》逐词逐句讲真题：一句一句分析语法，一句一句注释词汇。语法层面：1、针对句子看不懂的问题，《考研真相》把复杂的句子分解为简单句，可以分清句子主干；2、相比一篇文章只讲2-3个句子的其他真题书来说做到了逐句解析，还有箭头指示非常清楚，关键信息进行了加粗，重点信息一眼就能看到；3、逐句翻译+全文翻译，可满足考生的不同需要：①“逐句精解册”里面不光一句一句图解语法、一句一句注释词汇，而且在英文原句后直接给出每个句子的翻译，帮我们逐句扫清阅读障碍、真正读懂考研文章。②“逐题细解册”的英汉对照部分给出了全文翻译，一方面有助于我们梳理行文思路、总结篇章结构，从整体上把握文章；一方面有助于我们在研究解析时，快速定位到原文，然后找到与答案出处相关的上下文内容。词汇层面：1、根据单词的考频即重要程度划出了重点单词，做了分类，这样背单词能背到点上，为我们做真题节省时间。2、每一个重难点词汇都做了讲解，有真题语境，更容易理解和掌握单词的具体用法。（二）《考研真相》的解题方法更全面，更实用！通用解题方法：1个方法——2条路径+3大步骤具体来讲：1、从题干出发，分析题目找到关键词，回到原文定位，教你快速锁定正确答案；2、从选项出发，排除错误的干扰项，找到正确答案。优势：一般其他真题书讲解的只是正确选项，针对的是具体的题目，核心是讲题方法而不是解题方法，所以他们的方法不具备普适性。《考研真相》的解题方法采用的是从选项出发，也有从题干出发的2种通用思路，任何题目都适用，更全面，也更实用。（三）试题全真排版：考场状态“早”培养试卷严格仿照真题排版，在字体、字号、行距以及答题卡等版式上也与真题保持一致，有助于其培养考试状态、把控做题速度、调整做题策略。怎么样？这么多优点，你心动了吗？如果心动的话，还不赶紧拥有这本《考研真相》吗？对了，提醒大家一下，英一的小伙伴用《考研真相》，英二的用《考研圣经》，不要搞错了哦~

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. 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2020年研究生入学考试在340万考生的热切参与中落下帷幕，这一创造历史新高的报考人数，充分显示出考研竞争愈发激烈。而整体难度渐增的考研英语一试题，更是增加了2021年备考考生的压力，在这种情况下，英语基础薄弱的考生还有机会吗？我的回答是Yes。经调查，多数英语渣之所以难得高分，无外乎词汇不认识、语法读不懂、文章不理解、干扰辨不明等原因，而这归根结底是因为英语基础差。鉴于此，2021版《考研真相》系列对2001-2020年的20年真题进行“逐词逐句逐题”全新“换血升级”，旨在帮助英语基础薄弱的你逐一克服各大障碍，打牢基础，大幅提分，轻松逆袭！全新升级的2021版《考研真相》系列存在以下几个方面的优势：1. 新增三个逐句册，逐词逐句全新图解2021版《考研真相》系列新增三个逐句册，对除作文之外的所有文章进行逐年逐词逐句全新图解，旨在帮助基础薄弱的考生恶补语法和词汇，进一步读懂文章，做对试题。全新的图解模式，相比旧版，优势更加明显，主要表现在以下几个方面：1）所有句子均使用图解呈现，形式更加独特新颖，结构划分清晰明朗，视觉体验更好；2）新增的“层级划分”版块使句子主干及各级修饰成分一目了然，可更好地帮助考生把握句子核心，理清句子层次；3）对所有可能困扰考生的重难点语法点均进行了更为准确透彻的图解，语法划分均由英语语法功底扎实的优秀编校人员，参考多本热销优质语法书籍完成，准确度及详细度均有保障；4）对于某些图解未能直接体现的较小语法难点，在图解下方的“要点注释”中，亦有比较详细的讲解呈现，帮助考生扫清一切语法障碍；5）图解中还以加色加粗的形式体现一些重要的从句引导词、关系词及被修饰成分，并以箭头的指向准确呈现修饰与被修饰情况，清晰直观；6）逐句注释句中影响理解的重难点词汇，省去考生查字典的麻烦，此外，所注释的词汇还结合考研英语一大纲划分了“频考词、常考词、基础词”，记忆重点更加突出，给考生更好的使用体验。总之，全新升级的2021版《考研真相》逐句部分不光是一句一句图解，更重要的是重点突出、不啰嗦，既继承了旧版的优势，也弥补了先前的不足，语法划分的详细度及准确度，完全超越其他同类书籍，让基础薄弱的你再也无惧语法和词汇。2. 解析单独成册，逐年逐题全新讲解2021版《考研真相》系列对所有题型进行了创新性的模板讲解，各类模板简单易学、操作性强，可帮助基础薄弱的考生快速掌握，应用于实际解题中，即可快速提分，提升自信。1）完形填空采用“逐段分析，逐题击破+答案汇总，规律验证”的两步解题模版在第一步“逐段分析，逐题击破”中，首先，通过“看本句+看上下句+看本段+看上下段“的四步解题模板分析得出正确答案，随后通过“干扰排除”步骤集中排除干扰项，让考生不仅能从正向获知正确答案，还能从反面强力排除干扰项，正反结合，角度多样，解题更加彻底。在第二步“答案汇总，规律验证”中，运用分析历年真题答案得出的独创规律验证法，对所得答案的规律性进行进一步验证，保证答题正确率。2）阅读理解采用“从问（题干）的角度解答+从答（选项）的角度解答”的两步解题模板在第一步“从问（题干）的角度解答”中，逐一采用“看题干定位句+看上下句+看上下文”的三步解题模板，从正面逐步分析得出正确答案。在第二步“从答（选项）的角度解答”中，通过对四个选项逐一进行定位分析，从反面排除各干扰项，进一步印证正确答案。正反两个角度，双管齐下，不仅让考生知其然，更能知其所以然，进一步拓宽考生的解题思路。3）新题型采用“分析语段特征词，快速解题+理清空格前后逻辑，回文精解”或“分析段落结构，快速解题+理清段落大意，回文精解”的两步解题模板考研英语一新题型有七选五、段落排序及标题选择三种类型，为了使解题更具针对性，模板套用更加简单便捷，编者针对不同类型新题型的特点，给出了两套解题模板：对于传统的七选五及段落排序类新题型，在第一步“分析语段特征词，快速解题”中，首先对空格前后或段落中的语段特征词逐一进行分析，找出能够用于快速解题的语段特征词，根据语段特征词所呈现的上下文逻辑关系，进行快速解题；在第二步“理清空格前后逻辑，回文精解”中，利用已知信息（含第一步得出的答案）和未知空格处的逻辑关联，进行回文精解，分析得出其余答案。对于标题选择类新题型，在第一步“分析段落结构，快速解题”中，首先利用段落大意的速判方法对结构明晰的段落进行段意分析，初步得出段落大意，据此与各选项进行快速匹配，选出段落标题；在第二步“理清段落大意，回文精解”中，通过详细分析其余段落的大意，进而与剩余选项进行语义匹配，得出答案。考生只需准确掌握两套模板，即可在考场上有的放矢地套用，再不用被长篇大段的新题型搞得晕头转向，如此简单易学的模板，实为2021版《考研真相》系列全新“换血升级”的一大亮点。4）翻译采用“常规翻译+升级翻译”的两步升级模板传统的翻译解析多是仅给出译文，优者或配以难词难句简析，殊不知，考生真正关注的并非答案是什么，而是自己如何能够通过逐步分析最终得出答案。全新升级的2021版《考研真相》系列致力于解决考生这一困扰，研发出了独创的两步升级模板。在进行解析之前，还独创了“结构分析”“考点梳理”及“翻译难点”版块，让考生在翻译之前先搞懂句子语法结构、理清句子内在逻辑关联、明晰重要考点及翻译难点，这样在实际翻译中才能做到把握关键、明晰重点、不漏要点。在第一步“常规翻译”中，采用“拆译+整合+译文”的模式，首先对句子进行逐节拆分，逐词翻译，之后再对翻译结果进行整合，初步得出语义准确、逻辑流畅的译文，如此由大及小，进而由小及大的操作模式，不仅减小了考生的解题压力，而且从小处入手更容易考生把握翻译要点，掌握得分关键。在第二步“升级翻译”中，采用“优化+整合+译文”的模式，对常规译文从语言、逻辑、表意等方面进行优化升级，二次整合，最终得出集“信、达、雅”于一身的升级译文。简单两步，即可帮助考生实现“从得分到得高分”的突破。5）写作采用“模板范文+突破范文”的两步突破模板2021版《考研真相》系列独创了写作的“模板范文+突破范文”两步突破模式，不仅可解决考生没有思路、无话可写的困境，而且可指导考生使用独特的考研写作法则，跳出模板，写出逻辑连贯、语言优美、论据充分的高质量美文。3. 试题单独成册，仿照考场排版2021版《考研真相》系列删除了2001-2004年真题中不再考查的旧题型，其余题型全部仿照考场排版。删除不再考查的旧题型，不仅可减轻考生的复习压力，也大大节省了考生的复习时间。真题仿照考场排版，给考生身临其境之感，可提前模拟考场氛围，培养考试心态，有利于考生在考场上正常甚至超常发挥4. 赠13张考场答题卡，培养真实填涂体验2021版《考研真相》系列额外给考生赠送13张考场答题卡，让考生在操练真题的同时，感受考场答题氛围，真实的填涂体验有利于考生提前把控考场答题速度，合理有效分配时间，消除考场遗憾，最大化减少失分。5. 赠“视频课程+直播答疑”，随时解决复习难题值得一提的是，为了最大化给予考生附加价值，随时帮助考生答疑解惑，2021版《考研真相》系列原创团队免费赠送给考生“51节视频课程”（含10节词汇课+15节语法课+6节长难句课+20节解题模板课），全方位、多角度，帮助考生补基础、理方法；每月2次不定期直播答疑，帮助考生解答复习难题，扫清每一个复习障碍，解救基础薄弱的你！总之，全新“换血升级”的2021版《考研真相》系列，不仅内容更加充实饱满、形式更加新颖多样、解题模板更加简单易学、附加价值更加充分全面，而且充分考虑基础薄弱考生的多方面需求，融入“高质量、高标准、独一无二”的做书理念，最大化提升考生体验。相信，有这样的图书相伴，基础薄弱的你的提分逆袭之路一定会更加顺畅！

人生中有很多关键时刻，往往“选择都大于努力。”对于考研而言，更是如此。选对学校专业，选对复习资料，选对复习方法，做好复习规划……你就成功了一半！但是，很多考生在面对这些选择时，往往都非常茫然，一般都是看别人怎么做、自己就怎么做。殊不知，每个人的实际情况不尽相同，适合自己的复习方式也不相同。时值2月，正是很多考研萌新选择资料的关键时期，也是开启考研英语复习的黄金阶段。今天，我们就围绕“考研英语复习资料怎么选”，给大家一些“原则性”的纯干货！一、选择复习资料的三大原则1.不要盲目从众，适合自己的才是最好的。建议：综合目标分数、自身基础、时间长短、复习阶段、个人习惯等实际情况，进行选择。2.全面收集信息，多角度对比，综合选择。建议：通过学姐学长、各大网站和销售平台，了解清楚都有哪些真题书、词汇书、语法书、作文书（不要忽视近几年或新上市的好书），对比书籍结构、内容版块、讲解模式、排版风格等等，进行选择。3.先试用体验，觉得对自己有帮助后，再购买。建议：通过试用学姐学长的旧书、借阅研友购买的新书、查看电子版PDF，判断其是否适合自己。注意：一定要全面收集信息，重点关注每本书的最新版本，虽然很多书籍新版和旧版几乎没有区别，但也有一些书籍会有大的变化。比如，2021版《考研真相》和旧版就有很大不同，20年英语一真题大约2000页全部重新讲解：①旧版虽然也是“逐词逐句讲解”，但只是长难句有图解，简单句用文字描述的方式讲解，新版《考研真相》20年真题共3000多句，一句一句全新图解，更清晰直观；②试题解析也全新升级，方法性和操作性更强，而且重点突出了怎么排除干扰项。我也是在考研帮一篇帖子中看到2021版《考研真相》PDF的下载链接，才发现这本书全面改版了的（云盘链接： http://t.cn/AisQwuiF 提取码：44a8）。所以大家在复习的时候每天要抽出一点儿时间，随时关注最新信息。点进去上面这个链接，可以同时下载2021版《考研真相》和《考研圣经》的PDF。两本书其实是一家的，只不过《考研真相》是英语一真题，《考研圣经》是英语二真题。二、考研英语真题书怎么选？（一）选择原则真题书共分为两大类：“详解类”和“刷题类”。我们应先使用“详解类”书籍逐词逐句研读真题，巩固英语基础，扫清阅读障碍；学习解题方法，提升答对率。然后利用“刷题类”书籍培养考试状态，提升做题速度；进行自我检测，全面查漏补缺。1. 详解类：基础优先，方法并重。相比四级真题和六级真题，考研英语真题的文章难度和试题难度有明显提升。很多四级考了500多分的人，甚至六级一次考过的人，都很难适应考研英语真题的难度，这也是为什么考研英语成绩70+就被视为高分的原因。因此，考研英语复习一定要重视基础，不能心存侥幸！当然，方法也同样重要，它决定着我们的做题速度和答对率。（1）文章讲解“重基础”。①句子结构“划清晰”。很多同学在复习时，不注重语法基础。但实际上，理清句子结构，对于我们提升做题速度和准确性，有很大帮助。举个例子，文章中有很多修饰成分（尤其是插入语），与正确答案没有丝毫关系，反而会对我们造成干扰，这部分内容就可以省去不看；再举个例子，理清什么是原因状语，就能够快速找到“WHY”类问题的解题要害。尽管语法如此重要，多数书籍都没能很好地解决这一问题。很多真题书都只是在1篇文章中挑一两个长难句进行分析——而考研英语真题中，1篇文章大概有20几个句子，其中有10几个句子都较难理解。这对于基础薄弱和基础一般的考生来说，简直是一场灾难。但是，也有少数书籍意识到了语法的重要性，它们对于文章中的所有句子，一句一句分析语法结构，比如《考研真相》和“巨微真题逐句精解”。两者各有优势，但我更推荐《考研真相》，尤其在看了2021版新书PDF之后。上图是在云盘下载的2021版《考研真相》PDF截图。之所以更推荐《考研真相》，主要是因为：第一，所有句子都是图解，非常清晰，视觉体验更好；第二，句子主干非常突出，能够快速了解句子核心；第三，修饰成分层次分明，区分一级修饰、二级修饰……；第四，箭头指示非常清楚，还通过加色加粗体现重点。总之，2021版《考研真相》不光是一句一句图解，更重要的是有重点、不啰嗦，既继承了旧版的优势，也弥补了之前的不足。在语法分析版块，《考研真相》可以说完全碾压其他书。②词汇注释“重巩固”。如果不记单词，直接做真题，是对真题的极大浪费。因此，在使用详解类真题书之前，我们应该已经系统地复习过词汇。所以，在选择详解类真题书时，词汇注释不需特别详细，只要包含基本的音标、词性和词义，有助于我们回顾巩固即可。对此，大多数真题书都是这么做的。最大的区别在于，多数书是集中在一起注释；像《考研真相》这样“逐词逐句讲解”的书，是分散在每个句子中注释。两者各有利弊，集中注释便于集中记忆，但容易混淆；分散在每个句子中注释，相当于有真题语境，更有助于理解词汇用法，但不太好查找。不过，《考研真相》的词汇注释还有一个小亮点，就是按照考频做了区分，有助于我们明确哪些词汇是巩固的重点，主要体现在星标上。③文章翻译“要集中”。全文翻译集中在一起，更有利于我们快速理解文章大意，也有助于我们强化翻译能力。实际上，多数真题书都是这么做的，但也有一部分书是按照段落“一段一段”进行翻译，既不利于我们从宏观上把握文章，也在客观上给我们造成了不便。上图也是源自2021版《考研真相》PDF，这本书除了“逐句精解”版块有每个句子的翻译之外，解析册还专门再次给出了全文翻译，细节做得很贴心。④篇章结构“讲要点”。文章的行文思路非常重要，有助于我们快速定位到原文。但也不必在这方面花费太多时间，因为考研英语真题一般按照文章的先后顺序进行命题。所以，不建议选择“篇章分析占太大篇幅”的详解书，像这样能够抓住要点的图解就很好。（2）试题解析“重方法”。首先，我们需要明确一点，什么才是真正的好方法？①通用性。一招走天下，才能称为方法，否则只能算偏方。②易操作。可以直接拿来应用，才能称为方法，否则只能叫思路。③能解题。可以用它找到答案，才能称为方法，否则就是马后炮。之所以给大家强调这点，是因为很多人在选书时，只看解析长短，不看具体内容。目前市场上大多数真题书的试题解析都存在这两大通病：①没有通用性，只是简单的技巧总结。以英语一阅读为例，很多书都是先表明每个试题属于八大考点中的哪一个考点，然后针对该类试题总结规律。但是，我们很多时候连试题属于哪个考点都分不清，更记不住它们可以运用什么技巧解题。而且，这些规律的限制条件还很多。②不是“解题”，而是“讲题”。什么是讲题？就是已知正确答案，然后套原因，“证明”它为什么对；对于错误答案的讲解也是一样，都是事后诸葛亮。这种解析即使看了几百题，也依然不会做新题。在此，以2021版《考研真相》阅读试题为例，向大家展示一下什么样的试题解析可以称之为方法。2021 版 《考研真相》阅读试题的解题方法：①总共给出了两个路径：一、从题干出发，找出正确答案；二、从选项出发，排除干扰项。路径二可以看做是路径一的验证，也可以看做是路径一不能直接解题时的后备方法。这种方式可以有效提升答对率。②无论是哪个路径，都可以按照三大步骤解题：第一步：找题干或选项中的关键词，定位到原文某一句，通过对比原句、题干和选项，判断哪个选项是正确答案，哪个选项是干扰项；第二步：当原句不能直接判断时，看上下文；第三步，当上下文也不能判断时，看主旨。③不是每个路径、每个选项都要经过三大步骤，只有当前一步不能直接判断时，才进入下一步。多数试题都可以省略第2步或第3步。总结下来，就是“一个方法，两个路径（从题干出发、从选项出发），三大步骤（看原文、看上下文、看主旨）”，就能解决所有的考研英语阅读题型。当然，这一方法走天下的前提还是基础要牢靠，能够看懂文章，扫清所有的阅读障碍。否则，即使定位到正确答案的原文出处，不知道原文是什么意思，也是徒劳。从这个角度来说，《考研真相》的“逐词逐句精解”模式和它的解题方法是前后呼应、相得益彰的。（3）试题年份“看时间”。自1980年考研开始考英语以来，已经有41年真题，其中还区分英语一真题、英语二真题、MBA真题（英语二的前身），所有的考研英语真题总数加起来也有60多套。那么到底应该精研多少套真题呢？英语一真题：①复习时间比较充足，可以选近20年真题套装，早期真题与现在试题相去甚远，做的意义并不大，不必纠结要不要做八几年和九几年试题。②复习时间不长不短，可以做自2005年之后的真题（自2005年正式出现英语一），也可以选近10—15年真题套装。③复习时间十分紧张，建议选择至少包含5年真题的单本。英语二真题：①复习时间比较充足，可以做一部分MBA真题和近11年英语二真题。不建议先做英语一真题，毕竟MBA才是英语二的前身，命题思路和试题难度与英语二真题更接近；而英语一真题比英语二难度更大，直接上手容易打击自信，可以在后期做几套练练手。目前市面上有MBA真题详解的，只有《考研圣经》（《考研圣经（基础加强版）》对2005—2009年的MBA真题进行了“逐词逐句精解”），其他书籍要么没有基础版，要么是所谓的英语一和英语二通用版（实际上是早年的英语一真题或英语一真题前身）。②复习时间不长不短，可以做2010年至今的近11年英语二真题。自2010年开始，正式出现英语二。③复习时间十分紧张，建议选择至少包含5年真题的单本。除了以上三大要素，还有一些细节不能忽视，比如，试卷排版“要仿真”，试卷解析“应分册”，书籍排版“要舒适”……总之，在保证书籍内容有效性的前提下，尽可能选择适合自己、体验更好的书籍，这样复习时更得力！2. 刷题类：仿真排版，题量充足。刷题的主要目的是培养考试状态，提升做题速度；进行自我检测，全面查漏补缺。因此，试卷排版和试题数量至关重要。（1）仿真排版是关键。目前，市面上很多真题书都标榜自己和考场排版一样。但实际上，有些书为了省纸张，字体字号很小，行距很紧密，根本就不是仿真排版。这点很好区别，2005年至今的英语一真题和2010年至今的英语二真题，总共都是15页，第1页是封面，2-15页是试题，只要总页码少于15页的试题，都不是仿真排版。（注意：2005年之前的英语一真题前身，和英语二真题前身MBA真题，因为题型和现在稍有不同，很多书都是删掉了现在不再考查的真题，因此页码略有变化。）还有一部分书籍虽然试题页码也是15页，但它的构成是“封面1页+空白页1页+试题14页”，这类试题的特征是文章和题目不在同一面，做题还得翻页，非常麻烦。注意，这类试题也不是真正的仿真排版！我刚参加过2020年考研，坐标西安交通大学，考场上的真题根本不需要翻页！！！它的排版是这样的：“封面1页+试题14页+空白页1页”，文章在左边，试题在右边，不需来回翻就能左右对照看题！就我知道的书籍来说，闪过“真题真练”（励志版）、《考研真相》和《考研圣经》的试卷排版都和我在考场上见到的相同，算是真正的考场排版。其他书不做评价，大家可以用上面的方法比较。（2）真题题量要充足。对于英语一真题而言，建议选择20年真题；对于英语二来说，自2010年至今的11年真题即可（MBA真题比较适合最初阶段打基础，刷题阶段可以不用做）。在此建议大家，千万不要做模拟题！因为模拟题的质量不好保证，文章难度和试题难度与真题多有偏差，命题思路和考点分布也很难保持一致。如果想多练习，可以用真题进行二刷、三刷。实在想做模拟题，可以用来练练手感，不要纠结答案对错。（3）解析不必太详细。刷题的目的在于培养做题状态和查漏补缺，不需要太过详细的解析。因为我们在此前已经逐词逐句逐题精研过真题，而且也有非常详细的详解类真题书。刷题类真题书只要能够列出解题要点，就足够了；实际上，只有答案速查表也不影响刷题。（4）性价比高很重要。因为真题要刷两遍，甚至三遍，所以价格低、性价比高很重要。像闪过“真题真练”（励志版）这样的书就很实惠，比我们自己复印还便宜。（二）常见疑问Q1:我英语基础一般，也不是很差，《考研真相》这样“逐词逐句精解”的书对我来说是不是太过于详细了？A1：考研英语真题难度比四六级大很多，对于基础一般的人来说，文章中有一半的句子看不懂，也是很常见的。如果选择一篇文章只讲解一两个长难句的书籍，可能会遇到很大的阅读障碍，到时候也不知该求助谁。所以，还是建议用《考研真相》这样一句一句讲解的真题书。但是在应用时，遇到自己能看懂的句子，可以选择性跳过，重点关注自己看不懂的句子。Q2：我英语基础特别好，考研英语文章基本上都能自己看懂，不需要像《考研真相》那样文章讲得很详细的证书，有没有专门针对解题方法的真题书？A2：建议使用像《考研英语真题倍速快解》这样专攻解题方法的真题书。这本书和2021版《考研真相》一样，对于完形、阅读、新题型、翻译和作文都有自己的一套方法，通用性强、操作性强，可以直接套用。Q3：我六级过了，是用《考研真相》呢，还是用《考研英语真题倍速快解》呢？A3：建议先把前面提到的2021版《考研真相》的电子版下载下来（云盘链接： http://t.cn/AisQwuiF 提取码：44a8），里面有空白真题、逐句精解和试题解析。把空白真题打印一份，自己先做一下。做完之后，把自己看不懂的句子用笔标记出来。如果1篇文章超过3句看不懂，建议最好还是用《考研真相》；如果1篇文章看不懂的句子少于3句，可以用《考研英语真题倍速快解》——这本书重点讲方法，没难句分析。对了，别忘了，一定要先明确自己是考英语一还是英语二；英语一下载《考研真相》，英语二下载《考研圣经》哦！不知不觉间已经写了五千多字了，对于“考研英语复习资料怎么选”这一话题，我们先分享到这里。关于词汇书、语法书、作文书、辅导班等等的选择，我们“下一弹”再聊！如果大家对于“考研英语真题选择”还有什么疑问，可以留言回复，后续我们再补充。祝大家都能考上心仪的学校，遇见更美好的自己！

19考研复试热的浪潮还未退去，20考研复习的号角已吹响。很多20考研的同学，都开始准备自己的复习计划和资料。在准备资料时，考研萌新们也有许多疑惑。这不学姐我就挑出了大家最常问的问题之一，考研真相三版本都买吗？给大家做出解答。考研真相三版本都买吗？很多同学有可能会疑惑为什么有三本考研真相。这是因为考研真相根据考研复习的各个阶段，将真题分为【基础加强版】（98年-04年真题），【高分突破版】（05年-12年真题）【考前冲刺版】（13年-19年真题）。一般都会将考研全年复习时间，划分为基础巩固阶段：3月-5月，系统练习阶段：6月-9月、考前冲刺阶段：10月-12月。三本考研真相就正好对应这三部分。考研真相三版本都买吗？看完下文你就清楚了！一、基础巩固阶段这一阶段，同学们可以使用考研真相【基础加强版】练习英语真题刚开始做英语真题，会因为真题难度而打击到自信心。而基础加强版，从年度较早的98-04年，帮助你先熟悉考研英语题型。而98-04年的真题难度比较简单，也会给考研同学更多的信心~这一阶段做真题要注意：1.精翻文章，练习语言组织能力和逻辑思维。精翻文章是前期提高英语水平的最直接的方法，精翻一篇文章，目的就是为了让你，在不断的练习中能把握一篇文章的主干、逻辑和关键词、句。2.通过精解，勾画翻译中不会的词汇、短语，并积累。考研真相的逐词逐句精解就是为了让你去积累基础！二、系统练习阶段这一阶段，因在黄金暑假时期，所以同学们应该把完整时间放在练习真题方面。而这一阶段，考研真相的高分突破版（05年-12年真题），符合现题型难度，很适合同学们在练习真题中归纳自己的做题思路。这一阶段做真题要注意：1.练习用正确的做题步骤做题：你现在更需要注意的是做英语题目的思路，从翻译全文到总结段落大意，关键词、句，题目返回原文。一直保持这样的做题步骤，就可以让你的思路更加清晰。2.对比与第一次真题练习，错在哪，哪些点还没有掌握。三、考前冲刺阶段考前阶段最适合做的就是贴近报考年份的真题，而考研真相的高分冲刺版就包括近6年的真题。增加了新题型，而且题目都很接近现有题型的难度。很适合同学们通过英语真题，来进行考前冲刺。这就是为什么考研真相三本都要买，因为每一阶段都有相对应的真题需要练习。这一阶段做真题要注意：1.答题思路需注意：其实在第二轮的做题中形成的答题步骤，就是你的答题思路。但是在最后掐表做题时，一定要把步骤形成为在脑海里的思路。2.总结错题答案特征，把握出题人的思路：这需要经过长期做题，考研真相中对出题人的角度和错题答案特征总结的很详细，可以通过解析来整理自己前三轮练习。除了考研真相，还有很多不错的英语资料，比如：基础薄弱的同学可以用：太阳城考研英语3件套单词书：《非常词汇》在660个句子中记2200+考研必考词和基础词。真题书：《考研真相》英一（《考研圣经》英二）基础薄弱专用，逐词逐句精解。作文书：《写作160篇》英一（《写作宝中宝》英二）从词句段篇帮你补作文基础，再到3大思路和句子突破法则帮你突破作文。网课：张国静考研英语全程班，从前期基础到冲刺都有，包括词汇、长难句、真题、作文。讲的内容也很详细，干货很多，很适合基础薄弱的同学，可以跟着老师补基础。突破985、211的同学可以用：尖刀侠考研英语3件套单词书：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按照重要程度划分为必考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，可按照自己的情况背诵。真题书：尖刀侠《考研英语真题倍速快解》一个题型对应一个解题模板，直接套用模板，很好理解。帮你提高做题速度和正确率。作文书：尖刀侠《考研英语高分作文36法则》总结了36个作文高分句式的写作方法，帮你突破作文高分。考研真相三版本都买吗？三本不仅要买，还要跟着答案解析，一步步的巩固基础，总结得失，掌握做真题的思路。

最近很多22考研的小伙伴都在关心，张国静主编的考研英语真题书——《考研真相》好用吗？怎么这么多备考的人都在用？22版考研英语真题《考研真相》新书已经上市了，今天我就给小伙伴总结下这本倍受考研党好评的《考研真相》到底有哪些优点~毕竟考研资料书是一笔知识投资，谁也不想白白浪费金钱的，所以如果是好书的话，那大家可一定不能错过哦！（一）《考研真相》的真题解析，做到了最详细！《考研真相》逐词逐句讲真题：一句一句分析语法，一句一句注释词汇。语法层面：1、针对句子看不懂的问题，《考研真相》把复杂的句子分解为简单句，可以分清句子主干；2、相比一篇文章只讲2-3个句子的其他真题书来说做到了逐句解析，还有箭头指示非常清楚，关键信息进行了加粗，重点信息一眼就能看到；3、逐句翻译+全文翻译，可满足考生的不同需要：①“逐句精解册”里面不光一句一句图解语法、一句一句注释词汇，而且在英文原句后直接给出每个句子的翻译，帮我们逐句扫清阅读障碍、真正读懂考研文章。②“逐题细解册”的英汉对照部分给出了全文翻译，一方面有助于我们梳理行文思路、总结篇章结构，从整体上把握文章；一方面有助于我们在研究解析时，快速定位到原文，然后找到与答案出处相关的上下文内容。词汇层面：1、根据单词的考频即重要程度划出了重点单词，做了分类，这样背单词能背到点上，为我们做真题节省时间。2、每一个重难点词汇都做了讲解，有真题语境，更容易理解和掌握单词的具体用法。（二）《考研真相》的解题方法更全面，更实用！通用解题方法：1个方法——2条路径+3大步骤具体来讲：1、从题干出发，分析题目找到关键词，回到原文定位，教你快速锁定正确答案；2、从选项出发，排除错误的干扰项，找到正确答案。优势：一般其他真题书讲解的只是正确选项，针对的是具体的题目，核心是讲题方法而不是解题方法，所以他们的方法不具备普适性。《考研真相》的解题方法采用的是从选项出发，也有从题干出发的2种通用思路，任何题目都适用，更全面，也更实用。（三）试题全真排版：考场状态“早”培养试卷严格仿照真题排版，在字体、字号、行距以及答题卡等版式上也与真题保持一致，有助于其培养考试状态、把控做题速度、调整做题策略。怎么样？这么多优点，你心动了吗？如果心动的话，还不赶紧拥有这本《考研真相》吗？对了，提醒大家一下，英一的小伙伴用《考研真相》，英二的用《考研圣经》，不要搞错了哦~

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. 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