考研真题日本语

一场突如其来的新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情，从武汉向全国蔓延，打乱了大家的新年计划，也让众多考生措手不及，开学、开工一再延迟，战“疫”期间，大家在家不出门，是如何备考日语考研呢？因此，才聪学习网分享如何正确的备考方法！苏州大学243日语考研真题分析已上线！——才聪学习网考研真题分析苏州大学243日语考研全国名校外国语学院二外日语考研真题分析“二外日语”是全国各院校英语、法语、德语、俄语等外国语专业（不含日语）研究生入学考试科目，考生第二外语为日语。一般来说，“二外日语”总分为100分，考试时间为3小时。二外日语考研真题分析“二外日语”为全国各大院校自主命题，而非全国统考，没有统一的考试大纲，考生在备考“二外日语”时往往目标不明确，定位不准确，所以对各大院校的二外日语历年真题的分析就显得尤为重要。分析各大院校的二外日语试题能够为考生准确定位自己的日语水平提供很好的参照，也使考生对“二外日语”考试有一个全面的了解，更加清晰地了解出题者的思路，从而正确地制定出复习方法和学习步骤，使复习具有针对性，使复习的效果更上一层楼。1．考核要求对于“二外日语”，全国各大院校自主命题，而且各院校的考核要求水平也有差异，所以没有相应的考试大纲来说明其考核要求。通过分析各大院校的二外日语历年试题，可看出二外日语大致相当于《标准日本语》初级上、下册水平，少数院校例如北京外国语大学和上海外国语大学会达到中级上、下册水平。此外，二外日语历年试题中有些是出自日本语能力测试N3考试和N2考试的真题，虽然比重不大，但从此可看出目前高校对考生二外日语的大体要求。下面根据《标准日本语》的教学大纲和日本语能力测试N3、N2的考试大纲，对“二外日语”的考核要求归纳如下：词汇方面，要求掌握基本常用词汇，了解假名的写法、音读、训读，外来语的写法，熟语的意思等。语法方面，要求掌握动词的活用法、体言、用言、副词、连体词、格助词、助动词、接续词、授受关系、使役关系，以及敬语、谦语等的使用。阅读方面，要求考生既能理解个别句子的意义，也能理解上下文的逻辑关系；既理解字面的意思，也能理解隐含的意思；既理解事实和细节，也能理解所读材料的主旨和大意；能就文章的内容进行判断、推理和信息转换。选材的原则是：（1）题材广泛，可以包括人物传记、社会、文化等方面，但是所涉及的背景知识应能为学生所理解；（2）体裁多样，可以包括叙述文、说明文、议论文等；（3）文章语言难度适中，文中无法猜测而又影响理解的关键词，用汉语注明词义。翻译方面，掌握基本的日常、文化、科技等一般性题材的翻译技能。写作方面，可习作不同题材的文章，要求内容完整，条理清楚，句子基本通顺，无重大语法错误。2．试题类型和出题形式通过分析全国众多院校“二外日语”的历年真题，其题目类型大致包括词汇、语法、阅读、翻译、写作等内容，各题目类型的出题形式灵活多样，而考核内容也不尽相同，具体归纳如下：（1）词汇题词汇题的考核内容较为广泛，包括对单词的音读和训读，外来语片假名的写法，熟语的意思等的考核。出题形式主要有以下几种：①根据汉字确定假名读音。如：題名の字幕が消えても、静かな音楽はそのまま続いている。A.しはくB.じはくC.じまくD.しまく②根据假名写出汉字。如：自分のまわりに「メイワクをかける人がいる」と悩む人がいます。A.迷惑B.惑迷C.煩雑D.雑煩③翻译外来语。如：次の外来語を中国語に訳しなさい。1．イメージ2．クラブ3．キロメートル4．スープ（2）语法题语法题测试的重点包括动词的活用法、体言、用言、副词、连体词、格助词、助动词、接续词、授受关系、使役关系等，特别注重对格助词的考察。出题形式主要有以下几种：①题目为一个留有空白的日语句子，要求考生从时态、句型等语法角度考虑，填入合适的格助词。如：次の_____に適当な仮名を入れなさい。1．次の角_____左へ曲がってください。2．夏休み_____どこかへ旅行に行きますか。3．今朝遅刻したので、先生_____叱られました。4．健康は何_______いいことです。②要求考生选择符合语境的词汇。如：わたしは友だち_____山の写真を見せた。A.がB.でC.にD.から（3）阅读题阅读理解题出题形式主要有：①要求考生阅读若干篇短文，每篇短文后有若干个问题。考生应根据文章内容从4个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。题目既有考察对文章的理解的，也有要求选择合适的接续词以使文意通顺的。其中，绝大部分院校的试题中几乎每年都会出现对指示代词的考察。②要求考生阅读一篇短文，短文后有若干个问题。考生应根据文章内容作出简要回答。问题多种多样，既可以针对整篇文章，如概括文章主旨大意，也可以对文中的某个观点进行评论，要求简要说明理由等等。（4）翻译题翻译题出题形式主要有以下几种：①单句或短文的中日互译。②在阅读理解题中给出划线句，要求译成中文。（5）写作题写作出题形式主要为命题作文，只有个别院校（如厦门大学）考查。如：题目：環境保全と経済発展字数：400字左右本文选自“才聪学习网”考研推荐！

最近宪老师一直在进行微商式报喜清清楚楚记得，他刷了好几次跟考天外的小姐姐们的聊天记录~今年联盟报考天外的共6人，上线4人，1人调剂，并复试阶段公益协助了3位学员成功上岸。初心天外复试准备36人公益答疑小群，应该还有更多考上的，来看看宪老师发的指导图和报喜图。给大家沾沾喜气~可能宪老师钟爱狗不理包子、十八街麻花、耳朵眼炸糕、天津煎饼果子、锅巴菜、糖炒栗子、茶汤、四大扒八大碗……嗝~不过我更愿意相信宪老师是怀着一颗时时为学员着想的心~（想必很多人跟我一样好奇宪老师每天到底睡不睡觉。）今天就为大家来分享一篇成功考上天外的小姐姐的经验帖，内容包括初试、复试的真题回忆、个人心得与面试礼仪，希望能对报考天外的同学有所帮助，早日吃上天津美食。初 试专业课一（所有学硕都考）第一题阅读，往年考过的文章有很大几率会再次考，（2007年与2016年），（2006、2011、2017年），（今年和2012年）考的题都一样。【宪老师画外音：会不会这篇心得一发，学校以后就不这样出题了。第一届很多考上的学员说他们研究生导师也关注了我们，吓得我们瑟瑟发抖。】第二题日译汉第三题汉译日（这两题加起来一页半以上，平时多练习，尽量保持在50分钟以内答完。）第四题选填（20个，和去年一样，出自刘笑明老师的《日本国家概况》。）日本国家概况 第三版 刘笑明 南开大学出版社第五题语法（n1真题，往年考过的题也会再次考，今年就是。）第六题汉字假名（也会有原题。）第七题惯用句（总结身体部位相关的，山，海，鬼什么都考过，考过一次好像就不考了。）第八题专有名词（总结：地名 书名 人名）由于天外喜欢考这种人名，宇宙，黑洞这些词汇，并且很多学校都喜欢考这类词汇，因此初心联盟开设了【热点日语】栏目，以后会不断更新，以帮助大家备考，近期推出的有以下内容。中文部分第一题选择，很基础，难题用排除法也能做出来。第二题特殊句式，出自《古汉语通论》第八章。第三题古今异义，基本高中学过，有考过的原题。专业课二大家拿到的是同一张卷子，但是根据报考方向不同，有几十分的题会不一样， 分别有文学，文化，语言学，经济等方向，全在一张卷子上。因为今年专业课二改了新题型，所以今年的试卷上分报考方向的题只有三十分。还有两题语言学知识，没学过还是很犯难，建议人手一本《日本語概説》。第一题阅读，还是以前的题型。第二题选填，有时候会出《日本語概説》原话，基础性内容填空。第三题文学！！官网上给的模拟题没改，我以为还是往年的只考人名书名…上考场了发现改了，好难，只记得好难，要解释“什么是私小说”之类的。第四题语言学，与16,17年题型一致，有些题《日本語概説》里有，考过的也会再考，今年的判断题是“万叶假名是真假名”，这个也是原题。第五题语言学方向第一小题10分选填，不难，根据上下文选。第二小题8分，四个名词解释。第三小题12分，四个简答，第一个好像是は和が的共同点和区别，题型和往年問６一样。第六题写四百字议论文，自己写个模板，找些议题，很快就能凑够四百字，给作文省时间。今年考的是关于韩国在日本领事馆前放慰安妇铜像，日本表示抗议这一事件，谈谈你对此的看法。第七题作文，官网模拟考题2000字，上考场发现还是1200字，使劲写吧，写完就是胜利~今年考的是“考上我校研究生你想怎么过在校生活”。复 试上午是听力考试时间挺紧的 ，8个选择题听一遍+2个总结视听新闻。我个人的习惯是把听到的关键词写下来，铅笔写的，因为没有草稿纸....最后因为时间不够，来不及好好擦，卷面很脏....有这个习惯的别像我一样。下午面试开始前老师来讲流程 按照复试准考证编号，进去先讲清楚自己的名字，因为要录像 。总共提十个问题，五个关于文章，五个老师分别自由提问 总过程八分钟 就是一般上课的小教室，一排老师和你，（精神）亲密接触八分钟。 走廊上小桌子上有张纸，看十分钟，进去直接答题，所以要好！好！看！！ A4纸满满一页的语言学文章。（从头至尾只记得一个ら抜き言葉了）我觉得关键是文章里记住说了什么，首先看懂，然后记住大概意思，别像我一样，只在注意有没有不认识单词…这根本不重要，根本没啥生词，重要的是每个字都认识，但是啥也读不懂…进入面试考场后＜面接マナー＞首先敲门，说：失礼します。　然后走到桌子前说自己的名字。然后老师让你坐下你再坐。面试内容先是文章题1读，我读了第三段，因为太紧张了，声音都是抖的……234题，老师直接开始说问题，因为说的是文章中的，第一下没听出来，让老师又重复了一下，我就按照记忆中在哪看到的去找，照着读了…鬼知道对不对23333…后来4不确定就开始自己瞎编，老师就嫌弃地啧啧啧。5读完全文总结自己想法…没想法，因为看不懂呀…结结巴巴照文章读了几句。然后是后五个自由提问1自我介绍（时间很紧就背了简略版，估计只有一分钟）2你认为语言学是什么，自己定义（一句话就行，说多了老师又不让说了）3为什么选语言学4想选什么方向 该方向的什么点5毕业后做了什么（我是非应届生。）然后就完了，感觉说得不好，一直在说对不起，还差点把纸拿走了233333【补充一下别人被问到的问题：介绍自己的好朋友，今后如何学习，日本語学和国語学的区别】我觉得可能考的1 自我介绍，每写一句，多一个坑，所以家乡、兴趣、性格、自己的优异成绩、部活，你写了啥就准备啥吧。）2 优缺点及缺点如何改正3 为什么选天外4 为什么考研5 最近看什么书或者喜欢的书6 与人相关的：亲人，朋友，崇拜的人等等＜面接マナー＞结束后跟老师鞠躬并说谢谢，离开教室，并再次说失礼します，然后去对面教室等所有人结束之后才离开。最后考语言学的人很少，所以不到最后别放弃，复试有个三百四十几分的没来，有点亏。后五个问题感觉的出来老师只想快点听你讲重点，一个问题说很久会被打断。看完了这篇经验帖的收获就是：不到最后一定不要放弃。很多同学在备考的时候，特别是后期，经常会出现心态崩了的情况，比如觉得自己很多单词不会、翻译翻得很糟糕、政治知识点记不住等等，这个时候越着急情况只会越糟糕，不妨静下心来，不要去想自己到底考不考得上，徒增焦虑情绪，而要先做好眼前的事情，静心学习，不积跬步无以至千里。学会调整自己的心态，相信：

今天的这篇是我们专项课学员包子的经验帖。包子同学算是我非常赏识的同学之一，基本没怎么多操心，每次都是我跑过去她复习的情况，但是一打听到复习的情况都感觉很稳的那种。后来，觉得包子实在太优秀，宪老师也试着邀请包子加入初心联盟，现在已经经过考验期，成为初心联盟的一员。欢迎大家有事没事多多勾搭我们的包子女神。——宪老师。今天由初心联盟成员之一的包子同学为大家带来一篇王毅大大的母校——北二外的日语口译考研经验帖。本文将分别介绍各科的复习方法、真题、心得等。这是一篇将初试和复试杂糅在一起的经验贴。先和大家说一下我的情况，因为我复习比较晚，9月份才开始复习，而且之前也没上过任何翻译课，几乎是翻译零基础，所以里面的内容会适合一部分人，请大家自行判断。首先北二外口译的考试科目有四门，政治，翻译硕士日语，日语翻译基础，汉语写作与百科，接下来就依次介绍一下具体的复习方法和我可以回忆起来的一些真题。政 治（1）我为了抓紧有效的时间，选择了报班。一个周末就可以过完一本毛概书，或是马哲和思修两本书，老师也会帮忙划出考点和重点，这样自己再看的时候脑子里就会有一个框架，明确每章具体讲什么，还是比较省时间的。9月份可以报巩固班的机构几乎不多了，所以大家如果有这个打算就尽量开始早做准备。因为有老师帮忙总结知识点，又是一枚文科生，所以也没有过1000题，只是在考试前做了肖四和肖八，背了肖四大大题。如果打算自己复习政治的同学可以配上肖秀荣的讲解做一下1000题，掌握一下知识点。个人觉着最近几年政治考试和时政联系紧密，也比较灵活，不能只看课本，也多关注时政，特别是一些大的事情。（2）参考书目《风中劲草》《表格解析大纲考点》《考研政治2100题精解之强化800题》基础日语我是N1水平，虽然北二外给出的单子里有参考书目，但我已经没有时间再看那些了，所以主要还是背N1单词和看N1语法。（1）假名写汉字单词都不难，很简单，但看着假名可能有时候反应不过来汉字是什么，这就要好好记单词，或者背单词的时候就锻炼看着假名想汉字。（2）写出词语的意思几乎都是汉字词。所以背单词的时候一定要注意那些汉字词语的意思，同形同义的词肯定不会考，但那些看着汉字不容易想出意思的词就比较容易考。（3）语法我把市面上能买到的N1的语法书都做了一遍，基本的语法题是没有什么问题。考试考的语法也不会很难，都是基础的，把基础语法弄明白就好。（4）惯用句惯用句是背专八复习书上的惯用句，那个应该足够了，就是记下来需要不少功夫，尽量提前准备也多复习，要不容易搞混。（5）外来语给出中文意思写外来语，要注意长音位置，可以总结真题，有些词反复考过。（6）阅读至于阅读，我N1里的阅读项得了满分，而且自己的阅读能力也比较强，所以就是复习专八的时候做了些阅读。除此之外要保证考试前每天做几篇，保持手感。（7）作文作文是要写的，虽然只是400字的小作文，但不能不练笔，到时候上考场就崩了，写完之后最好让老师修改一下，提一些建议，比如说文章的构成，毕竟300字的文章也不能讲的太啰嗦，还有语法错误，这个是一定要克服的，还有就是词语的运用等。题目可以从真题写起，也可以找其它学校的真题题目来写。专八作文题也可以拿来练笔，有一些专八作文题也考过。（8）真题一，しっけ、しょくもつ、いなずま、いんがかんけい、ちょうちん二，敷居　拉致　质屋　億劫　合図　会釈三，采访 问卷调查四，作文题目是关于：机器翻译会替代人工翻译吗？（9）参考书目红宝书和各种N1语法书（《红蓝宝书1000题》里的讲解比较细，看了两遍，连着解析一起。）《日语专业八级考试》系列《高等院校日语专业八级考试10年真题与详解》《日语能力考试综合习题集：1级语法对策篇》翻译日语（1）热词，缩写，熟语这些只能靠总结和记忆了，多总结，可以利用各种网络资源，公众号也好，微博也好，会有总结出来的热词，可以多记忆一下，最好每天都记一点儿，不要堆在一起，否则很容易忘记。宋协毅老师的那本书里，单词也总结的特别好，可以拿来记忆。（2）日译汉，汉译日可以先从真题做起，其他学校的真题也可以试着做做。考试题材多变，只能在平时下功夫，所有题材都要练习到。一定要自己动手翻译，不管一开始有多难自己翻译的有多不好，一定要自己动手，然后再看参考译文，对照参考译文看的时候才会知道自己哪里翻的不好，以后面对这一类句型应该怎样翻译。可以找老师或是其他人看一看都可以，因为有时候自己翻译完是感觉不出任何毛病的，别人看了才知道问题在哪儿。还有要多总结，每翻译一篇都要反思自己的不足和学习到了什么，语法和词语的运用可以说是最基本的了，一定不可以随便用，必须深思熟虑，特别是一些汉字词语。我是报了初心联盟专项课程，学姐和笑笑老师帮我改过很多次翻译，也是在这一过程中不断困难的。但因为之前基础不是很好，考试的时候这一门也没有拿到一个理想的分数。（3）真题日译汉考的是AI技术汉译日考的是关于文化的一篇散文（4）参考书目《新编喊日日汉同声传译教程》宋协毅著《汉日翻译教程》苏琦著《日语口译实务3级》百科知识与汉语写作（1）百科是在考试前一个月才开始真正着手复习的，主要是看各个学校的真题和一些经常考的常识。应用文看了每种文章的格式，例文也都是看真题给出的例文，看过很多真题后大致有个方向老师比较爱考哪一类，哪一类被考的次数比较多就记一个关于此的例文，主要是记套话，具体内容自己往上填。因为北二外出题不是很偏，也爱考那些都被考过的内容。可以多看看前几年的真题，北二外也很爱考曾经考过的题。（2）真题说明文是写一篇求职信，应聘英语老师;大作文是写“自信与自卑”（3）参考书目《翻译硕士百科知识词条词典》,《汉语写作与百科知识真题解析及习题详解》复 试复试一共是三天，第一天下午报道，第二天上午体检下午考二外，我的二外是英语，第三天下午考专业课。很多同学比较纠结面试时到底有几个问题，其实也没有一个标准的答案，主要是看你自己的表现和发挥，重要的是看时间。（1）英语五分钟的面试，先是一分钟的自我介绍，然后老师会根据你的自我介绍问问题，一共是五分钟。因为我在自我介绍里有说过自己在日本学习一年，还做过兼职，所以老师就是问我关于此类的问题：你的家乡有什么好看的风景吗？在日本的时候有没有感受到文化冲突？你在日本的时候什么对你来说比较困难？做了多长时间的兼职？听其他同学说还被问到一些比较常见的问题你读研究生时的计划是什么？为什么选择北二外？最近爱看的书是什么？介绍一下你的家乡当然也有一些紧跟时代的问题你如何看待中美贸易战？你觉着中国的计划生育政策怎么样？你会如何向别人解释中日之间的矛盾？总之就是大家多准备，能想到的就都准备上，进了考场就只能以不变应万变了，不要太慌张就好。（2）专业课面试口译笔译的面试都是没有笔试的，一段视译一段听译。视译就是给你一段一二百字左右的文章，然后边看边翻译成日文。听译就是放两段录音，一段录音可能是十秒左右，听完之后翻译成中文，翻译也是有时间限制的，如果没有翻译完就会立马放下一段的。在进入考场前会有备考室，有十分钟的备考时间，可以查卡西欧，是已经准备好的。会给你视译和听译材料的关键词，你要做的就是把能想的所有有关词汇都查出来，以防到时候会出现。然后就是进考场了，进去之后先是自我介绍，一分钟内，超时扣分！！！然后是视译，然后是听译，最后是自由问答。进了考场一定不要紧张，即使没听懂也可以根据自己知道的关键词瞎编，千万别冷场，嗯嗯啊啊下不来台。自由问答的时候老师也是根据你的自我介绍随便问问题，老师都很温柔，就当是聊天一样。我仍然是被问关于在日本学习生活的问题，还问了为什么不选择在申请日本的研究生。读研究生的计划？为什么选择北二外？有什么业余爱好？这些常问的问题最好还是准备一下。备考方法还是建议多听NHK，进行跟读，保持语感，对于一些常用的表达也会熟记于心，可以随时拿来用，提升对句子的敏感度。如果不想听，看看日剧和综艺什么的都可以，但不要看带字幕的，还有就是留心句子和词语的用法，把不会的单词记下来，以及为什么表达这个意思的时候会这么说，我说的话会怎么样，这样就会养成一种日语思维和地道的日语表达。随时保持一种学习的状态。真 题视译：金正恩访华这就只能听NHK的报道了，平时多听多记听译：关于虐童的报道里面很多的数字，数字几乎都没听出来，之前班里保研的同学还和我说过一定要多练习数字的听译，希望大家不要再留遗憾了。供稿人：包子编辑：Claire

同济大学双一流、211、985高校教育部直属 上海 1907始。恭喜初心联盟er顺利考入同济大学。感谢大家对初心联盟考研经验征集令的支持。本篇以初试和复试为中心展开分享，希望对大家有所启发。同时，希望还在犹豫的同学们抓住转瞬即逝的时光与机会，共同度过充实的考研时光。目录⊙初试真题集⊙初试经验谈⊙复试经验谈初试真题集◆◆ ◆日语语言文学830必答部分一、翻译（中译日）1、小孩子也有孩子的道理，你听他们说说看画外音：@初心联盟押中 原题如下2、佐藤先生房间的灯一直到凌晨一点还没关，一直来到天亮。3、那时候我年轻不懂事，听信于他，现在我再也不能沉默了。4、……二、阅读理解内容：日本人的兴趣爱好对实际生活并未起到什么作用。1、假名汉字宽大，成败，趣味2、四畳半表达的含义3、句子理解4、句子理解5、句子理解三、阅读理解……选答部分（文学）1、根据作品主人公选择作者作品森鸥外——《舞姬》尾崎红叶——《金色夜叉》《竹取物语》《古事记》川端康成——《雪国》二叶亭四迷——《浮云》樋口一叶——《青梅竹马》2、根据文章选段填写作者作品川端康成《雪国》夏目漱石《我是猫》平内逍遥平《小说神髓》尾崎红叶《金色夜叉》谷崎润一郎《蒲团》幸田露伴《五重塔》芥川龙之介《罗生门》3、完型填空，无选择项主要考察写实主义，自然主义，耽美派等4、四选二简述夏目漱石，大江健三郎，新感觉派等5、多选，选择描述正确的（1）竹取物语（2）与森欧外有联系的（3）与夏目漱石有关的作品（4）……（5）……选答部分（文化）1、名词解释（五选三）黑船来航贝冢无常2、小论文日本人的死生观必答部分（各方向通用）作文：根据所学专业写人生规划及学术研究规划。初试经验谈感觉初试最重要的是每科都要过线！！过线！！过线！！重要的事情说三遍。然后初试考的是基础日语和综合日语。基日题型大概是有阅读、翻译、作文几大类。题蛮多，我写慢了最后一个翻译题时间不够。所以要注意时间！时间！时间！阅读考了一篇芥川龍之介的鼻复试经验谈流程：笔试+面试今年面试还考了英语。以及思想政治。（这个是用中文回答）然后自我介绍。老师会根据你自我介绍的内容进行题目。最后是看一篇文章朗读，考察语音语调。同济大学的猫本篇供稿人：盼盼&SAKATA编辑：Claire

今天为大家带来的是湖南师范大学日语笔译的真题，还有我们给出的参考答案哦~湖南师范大学，是省属211大学，外语类整体是省级重点学科,其日语在中国科教评价中心的排名中位列国内第30位,还是相对不错的。单词嘴 （参考答案：くちばし）ややこしい翻译中译日都是从《中日口译》那本书里出的：1.大连是中国重要的港口、工业、贸易和旅游城市，也是中国新兴的服装名城。（参考答案：大連は中国における重要な港湾、工業、貿易、観光都市であり、また中国の新興の服装都市でもあります。）2.今天的宴会我们准备了中国的名酒茅台，听说日本的朋友们是海量，请一定要吃好喝好3.浏阳花炮4.湖南是我国的佛教发源地，XX寺从真题可以看出，湖南师范大学的题目比较结合当地文化，大家在备考的时候可以了解一下目标院校所在地的风俗文化，一方面为这种隐藏的考点做准备；另一方面，也增加对目标的认知进而更加明确自己的目标，提升备考动力。

虽然觉得自己考得不好，但也毕竟是准备过和考过研的人，在考研的路上也走了些弯路，考完之后也得出些经验教训，分享给大家，希望明年考试的小可爱少走弯路。第一篇 213翻译硕士日语（我觉得今年的213还是很难的，从头难到尾。）一、单词题 0.5'*30=15'（每题10个）划重点↓一定要看基础日语的参考书！基础要牢！如果实在没时间，也要看看单词，第一大题就算出得再偏也会有几个来源于课本。我的一大错误就是放弃了参考书，导致词汇部分做的不好。1、假名写汉字这类题我觉得还是很难的，因为不给句子，没有语境，就简单粗暴地给20个单词的平假名，让你写汉字。难点不是汉字不会写，而是看着假名反应不出汉字是什么，而且容易考平时不常用的怪词。（1）真题回忆：さみだれ（五月雨）うぬぼれ（自惚れ）ふさいがく（負債額）しっぽ（尻尾）じゃくねんそう（若年層）①其中さみだれ（五月雨）和うぬぼれ（自惚れ）在初心的【日语专业考研】的公众号12月20日下午发的推送里出现过，不过我考试之前没看，さみだれ（五月雨）没写上（流下了后悔的眼泪）。另外初心的几个公众号平时也会发布与考研有关的栏目，比如【每日一题】里有单词，惯用语，语法，翻译等，可以用来查漏补缺（不是广告）。②うぬぼれ（自惚れ）在某一年的真题里考过，我当时做真题的时候就不会，后来记住了，考试也写上了，这说明了考试可能会出考过的题，所以真题还是做做比较好，万一考了呢。（2）我的建议：平时就要注意练习看假名反应汉字的能力。我是在最后两个星期做真题才发现这方面很薄弱，也就能对个一半吧，但是最后两星期真的很忙，所以词汇方面还是要靠平时积累。可以拿基础日语书来练，把汉字盖住，看着假名想汉字，不会的标记，下次重点复习。2、单词翻译（基本都是容易望文生义的）（1）真题回忆：右往左往寺子屋台無しコーディネート（2）我的建议：这个也可用基日教材练，把单词的解释盖住，看着日语说中文意思。平时积累容易望文生义的词。3、把中文翻译成外来语（1）真题回忆：装饰，优雅，休闲，紧张完美，自动化，小型（2）我的建议：有些外来语也不是本身难，而是看着汉语反应不出是什么，而且有些英语单词会有多个意思，平时要反向练习，学会看着汉语反应出外来语。而且北二外很喜欢考外来语，要尽量多积累，不仅对213有用，对359的词语翻译也有好处。基日教材里的要掌握，也要在网上找找常考的、必背的外来语总结。二、惯用语我平时也背了很多惯用语，但考试还是有不会的，惯用语也应该多积累，平时见一个记一个（359也会考）。可以找一本惯用语的书，或者网上找资料，如果一开始就看比较厚的惯用语词典，可能会坚持不下去，可以先找一些重点的背，然后再看比较全的补充，会更有信心一些，也防止由于时间不够而落下重要的没来得及背。专八参考书（紫绿相间那本）的惯用语部分总结得很好，可参考。三、语法N1蓝宝书至少要看一遍，个人感觉今年语法部分考的还是挺细的，四个选项会出比较像的，平时复习的时候要注意细节，注意区分相似语法的细微差别。时间充足的话把三册基日里的语法看一遍。四、阅读后两个大阅读一个是记叙文，一个小说，个人觉得很难，比较考理解能力，有些让人捉摸不透。我考试前也没练过阅读。大家可做真题找找感觉。五、作文（400字）プラスチックごみにつれて考えること我作文就拿真题的题目练了两篇，背了几句名言考试也没用上。建议时间允许的情况下，各个方面的名人名言啥的都准备一点比较好。“初心的公众号”也会发每周作文，可用初心的题目、专八的题目或者真题的题目练练手。我看也有小伙伴评价《日语优秀作文精选》（上下两册那个）挺好的，但我没看，大家可自己甄别一下，找到适合自己的方法。第二篇 359日语翻译基础一、词语翻译日译中（一上来就好多个外来语，费了好大劲背的外来语，一个都没考。）1. 真题回忆：リリースQRコードジャンクボンドカムフラッシュ（我清楚得记得是这个，但是考完之后就查，却怎么也没查到，只看到了カムフラージュ）花形選手生き馬の目を抜く二、词语翻译中译日1. 真题回忆：海德格尔警笛；慈善演出；3D打印夕阳产业；卡奴前事不忘，后事之师2. 我的建议：我觉得“热词日译中”比“中译日”要难，“日译中”看不懂是真的蒙不对，“中译日”就算没背过，也可以自己编。热词部分考察的比较广，平时要尽可能多的积累。主要渠道有：人民网日文版、人民中国、CRI，这三个都有热词对译板块。也可看人民网日文版的中日对译文章自己整理。三、段落翻译-日译中1. 真题回忆：（大致这个意思，个人认为内容没什么参考价值，看一下主题就好）互联网出现以前，有很多对于孩子来说接触尚早的信息，孩子们的世界在父母的管控之下。有了互联网以后，大人和孩子之间信息的障碍的消失了，甚至孩子掌握的信息已经超过了大人。导致有些心怀不轨想要接近他们。有些孩子为了浏览量会把个人信息和照片发到网上，作者担心有坏人图谋不轨，给他们带来危险。我们已经回不到没有互联网的社会，孩子们必须在这个正在发展的社会中生存下去。四、段落翻译-中译日1. 真题回忆：（同样也是看看主题吧）主题：朝活主要讲日本人工作忙，没时间学习充电、相亲等，于是就利用早晨的时间做各种活动，形成了朝活一族。五、翻译1. 我的建议：（1）我前阶段看了苏琦的汉日翻译教程，这也是北二外的参考书，看到一大半的时候觉得来不及了就放弃了，开始自己动笔练习翻译。时间充足的还是一边看理论一边 自己动手实践比较好。（2）练习的时候一定要动笔写，每次写完总结经验，积累词汇和句型。（3）最重要的是定期复习！不看白练。练习的素材不在于多，而在于精。当一个素材反复看的时候，绝对会得到和第一次不一样的启发。（4）做完了日译中的时候可以把中再译回日，对比自己的译文和原文的区别，学习日文的地道表达。（5）天声人语可作为日译中的材料，也适合用来学习日本人的思维方式，和一些精炼的地道的表达。2. 我用素材有：CATTI的三笔实务（只做了致辞和议论部分）和三笔模拟题里的翻译，【MTI】及【CATTI日语考试】、【日语MTI】（锤子的【攻占新手村】专栏很好！超级推荐！2021考研的或者翻译刚入门的同学如果没看过的话，建议把以前的都看一遍）、政府工作报告（由于时间原因只看了一点，最开始练的时候建议从政经类练起，可政府工作报告吃透。)、天声人语。除此之外，CATTI二笔实务和翻译必携也很好（学姐和老师推荐），但是我时间不够，就没看。第三篇 448汉语写作与百科一、百科1. 真题回忆：（1）《三国演义》、顾炎武、苏轼、辛弃疾；（2）三教，三皇，五湖，五岳；（3）文艺复兴，达芬奇，米开朗琪罗，但丁；（4）上市，下沉市场，粉丝经济，社交裂变；（5）月幔，阿波罗，嫦娥四号，玉兔二号。从去年开始，百科部分从选择题改成了名词解释，去年好像大部分考的时事热点词汇，个人觉得今年还比较均匀吧，前三题是可以提前准备到的知识，只要你好好背了就能写上，中国、外国的都考了，后两题是时事热点词汇。但是五湖、五岳我还是没有完全写出来，我觉得像“五湖”、“五岳”这种答案比较固定的一定要记住，写不出肯定是不能得分的，像“苏轼”这种写出重要的点之后还可自己发挥一下，说法不固定，意思对了就能给分。2. 注意：（1）难写的字，一定要多加关注练一练，考试时候提笔忘字是很常见的，如果关键字写不出就麻烦了，总不能注拼音吧（我在考场上就有好几个想写的字不会写，大家吸取教训啊）；（2）由于并不是一个词标一个序号，而是只有5个序号，每个序号下有4个词，所以一定要注意不要漏掉！（我考试的时候着急，就漏掉了一个）3. 参考书：（1）非热点词条：李国正的《汉语写作与百科知识》。我身边也有人用黄皮书的词条，不管哪一本资料都是好的，重要的是坚持一个看完，并复习。（2）热点词条：《最后的礼物》。关于热点词条，要多关注事时，平时看新闻的时候遇见不会的就查。今年嫦娥四号、玉兔二号在政治里也经常出现，所以可从政治里找百科热词。【翻译硕士考研网】会（最后的礼物就是他们在12月出的）推送一些热词，还有【初心百科】也会推送。二、应用文1. 真题回忆：某校将举行百年校庆，以校庆办公室的名义给校友写封邀请函。400字左右。2. 注意：看一下近几年的应用文：2012为兄弟院校组建高翻学院写祝贺信2013运动员发言稿2014学术研讨会邀请专家的邀请函2015校友身份校庆大会的发言稿2016应聘社团活动负责人的自荐信2017书店开业老板对来宾的答谢词2018应聘初中英语培训老师自荐信2019为某公司写一篇“青年志愿者动”公益广告文案可以发现北二外喜欢考 信、函、发言稿等，可有重点地复习。3.参考书：《应用文写作》（复旦大学出版社）（绿皮的）三、大作文1. 真题回忆：每个人都爱自己民族的文化，有人抵制别的民族文化，这叫做“文化壁垒”（大致是这个意思）美国思想家爱默生说过：“克服民族性是文化的胜利”。谈谈你对不同文明间对话的认识。2. 我的建议：这类作文我没准备到，都是临场发挥的，建议有时间还是各方面都积累一些素材，平时可关注一些新闻评论，培养深度思考的能力、有逻辑地思考的能力。3. 关注：人民日报评论、新京报评论。APP：作文纸条第四篇 101政治我的复习流程：（1）9月份—11月看徐涛老师的强化班+配合做1000题+徐涛的冲刺背诵笔记。①徐涛老师讲课很有趣；②1000题做了两遍，事实证明，2遍还不够，但是第三遍想看错题时间不够了；③笔记总结得很好，如果是文科生，或者有基础的可直接看背诵笔记之类的重点。前期最好把基础打牢，12月份以后背大题就没时间顾选择了。（2）11月—12月肖八+徐涛的冲刺背诵笔记+1000题第二遍。11月中旬会收到肖八，个人感觉肖八不太重要，可做选择题练练手，如果没时间，可不做，但是时政部分看看。（3）12月—考试做肖四，背大题。肖四很重要！选择和大题都要掌握！（选择出现了肖四中的原题）大题要背熟练，防止考场上时间紧想不起来（我就是，哭哭）（4）补充：腿姐的技巧班和大题的模板很好（肖八选择题达到40分以上同学说全程跟的腿姐，而大部分同学只有30分。）其实哪个老师都很好，选择一个老师就从头跟到尾吧。第五篇 总结1. 复习很重要！任何东西只看一遍是绝对记不住的，关键就是重复！不复习相当于白学。不能过分追求进度和量，关键是稳扎稳打，让自己学过的都不白学。推荐复习APP：anki2. 计划很重要！要有长远计划和短期计划。凡事按照计划进行，完不成的时候，要分清主次，及时调整，确保必要的重要的东西能看完。不可在不重要的东西上浪费太多时间，分清主次！推荐时间管理app：番茄todo/forest。也可买个番茄计时器。3. 定期总结！要定期总结自己的学习情况，找到适合自己的学习方法。

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

小姐姐的话：今年电子科大日语取消了翻译硕士，所以只能考学硕。考试科目为：政治 英语（自命题）日语水平测试 日语基础英语阅读四篇完形填空一篇（10个），单选（20个 全部在考单词）翻译（10分）作文（20分）写如何看待父母和一些亲戚给孩子做人生决定日语水平测试前言：难度系数很大 总体上是专八题型和内容教材涉及的东西考的很少 我们的参考书目是综合日语教程单词10分（有很多四个字的词语的读音）语法20分 谚语10分（基本都是在专八那个绿色讲义里的词汇）十个语法排序题（n1那种）10个小阅读选最符合文章意思的 两篇长阅读，有选择有回答问题 翻译30分（日翻中 中翻日各15分）作文30分，写一篇500字左右，你是否同意告知病人癌症难度有些大早知道好好复习专八了 哭日语基础知识及运用填空题语言学知识，文学，和介词连词选择文学知识和语法题，文学考的比较基础，语法n1的难度阅读一篇古文翻译成现代汉语：竹取物语的第一段介绍两部作品共20分：万叶集 こころ翻译60分：日译中两段，中翻日一大段都是文学色彩比较浓的翻译联盟也有一位同学本科是电子科大的哦，如果有同学对电子科大感兴趣可以联系我们，会提供一些上课用的教材等等~真题回忆基础日语 頭上 ずじょう/とうじょう一目惚 ひとめぼれ真挚 しんし雀巢外来语 ネスカフェ作文对大学院生活的期待翻译基础 汇率 為替レート/為替相場智能家电 スマート家電网约车 オンライン配車网上销售 ネット通販十九大 十九大（中国共産党第19回全国代表大会）一带一路 一帯一路百科 作文 有人说，大学生应该更重视专业知识的积累，而有人则更侧重于工作经验的积累改错 公告小作文 请示备注本文已经获得原文作者嘉悦同学的独家授权，并作为参加初心联盟考研经验回忆帖文章发布，若须转载请注意告知一下宪老师规范转载即可。

※本文内容由北京第二外国语学院2019年日语专硕考生——四叶草同学回忆分享【359 真题回忆】一、热词翻译1、中译日落地签星巴克法兰克福短板蓝色经济2、日译中コンパチビリティースコアリング脱グローバル化ネチズン参考资料：主要是各个公众号（1）人民网日文版（2） 人民中国（3）日语Catti和考研（4）NHK新闻（5） 汉日新语词典（陈岩主编）其中（1）（2）（3）中都有专门的热词板块儿，复习起来就容易多了（4）没有专门的总结，需要自己从每天的新闻中总结出来二、缩略语CFOVRBFA三、惯用句棒に振る关于二、三两题，时间有点久就记得这些了，不过复习建议还是有的，今年北二外的缩略语和惯用语出的不难，我的10个都写出来的。参考书籍：1、日语惯用语365（李建华主编）2、汉日新语词典（陈岩主编）（里面有缩略语）缩略语这部分没有专门的复习资料，我只是在看新闻或者做专业题的时候自己总结的，推荐NHK新闻和人民中国日文版。四、段落翻译1、日译中具体的不太记得了，只记得出现了好多外国人名，还有作品的名字，总体上不算太难，难就难在人名和作品名字的翻译上。2、中译日说明文 ：关于城市博物馆的功能介绍，总体不难，句子都是很简单的句子，基本没什么生词。我觉得相比去年的中译日难度降了很多。心得体会：两篇翻译一共占了120分，所以相比前面的热词翻译，缩略语之类的重要的多。我在前期的时候也是把主要的精力放在了篇章翻译上，把生词，固定搭配，还有固定的句型都总结到本子上，建议分类整理比较好，积累的多了就会发现其实有的句型就像数学公式一样，可以在好多句子里套用，看过北二外历年真题的答案也能发现这个规律。还有就是我悟出来的一个心得，北二外的中翻日基本上都是采取直译的方式，似乎没有太多的拐弯抹角，很符合中国人的思维方式，这一点很赞！关于翻译题型方面，建议先练习说明文，议论文，时事热点及评论，政经类，新闻类，散文有可能出，但是我觉得小说考日翻中可能，但中翻日不大可能，难度系数太大，不符合北二外的出题风格，如果实在放心不下的话，时间充裕的情况下也可以看看，总之，小说类的翻译我是一点没看，因为坚信不会考。总体建议就是前期一定要大量练习，大量积累生词，因为到了后期你会发现要做的事太多，根本没时间练，我就是这种情况，不过还好前期做了很多练习，基础比较扎实，所以考试的时候做的还挺顺。还有就是关于359真题的利用，历年基本没有重复的，参考价值不是很高，但可以用来练手或者做预测。参考资料：1、日语笔译三级2、日语口译三级3、公众号：MTI及CATTI日语考试4、天声人语公众号【213 翻译硕士 】一、心得体会213主要考的是单词，外来语，副词（叠词），惯用语，语法，阅读理解，作文。假名写汉字和外来语部分不算难，只要日语基础扎实的话，这两部分应该没问题。最难的部分应该是第二题日译汉的单词部分，因为单词的意思和字面意思完全不同，这个只能靠日常的积累，不过还好分值不是很高，10个单词5分，基本上都能对一半，只是个别比较偏。今年北二外的惯用语我不得不吐槽一下，和往年完全不同，不仅是问题偏，连选项都很偏，（考试后我专门到词典上去查了，有的竟然没查到），往年都会有历年真题中重复的题，今年一个也没有，另外二外还故意把正确选项中的汉字改成了假名，我当时复习的时候只是记了汉字，没有特别去记它的发音，明明知道的惯用语也没认出来，有点失策了！所以不光要记惯用语的汉字书写还要记住它的发音至少它变成假名的时候得认得它的意思。副词，叠词这块儿平时做题多积累就行了，基本上每年就考0.5或1分的样子，不是很重要，语法可以说是整套卷子中最好拿分的，基本上都是N1的基础语法，用蓝宝书复习就可以了。关于阅读理解这一部分，北二外给我的惊喜简直不要太多，今年考了篇什么朔太郎（名字记不住）的群集思想，整篇引用了很多似乎是他的作品的句子，看了起码有3-4遍，才看懂，但是即使是看懂了答案也很难选，或许而北二外开始偏向于从文学作品中出题了。写作当时我没怎么连，以为到时候临场发挥就行，事实证明这种想法真得不行。因为事先没准备，到了考场上脑子一片空白。今年北二外的作文题目是让你关于年轻人远离书本写一篇400字的作文，是篇议论文，本来觉得挺简单的主题，但是当时啥也想不起来，现在想想都不知道自己写了什么。建议作文一定要练背些句子啥的，万一用上了呢。二、参考书目1、北二外213翻硕历年真题（参考价值很高）2、北二外日语学硕历年真题（主要是单词，语法，惯用语部分，会有重复出在翻硕真题上的）3、 N1真题4、专八真题（参考价值很高）5、北二外自己编写出版的基础日语教程（潘寿君等）6、 N1蓝宝书7、 日语惯用语365（李建华主编）【 汉语写作与百科知识】一、真题回忆1、名词解释进博会易经复兴号韦编三绝弯道超车论语自主知识产权荀子生化与分子城市化DNA隐形贫困改革红利佛系截胡符号性消费大数据信息鸿沟数字化AI2、应用文为某公司写一篇“青年志愿者动”公益广告文案3、大作文哲学家维特根斯坦说：我贴在地面步行，不在云端跳舞。自选角度写800字作文。二、心得体会今年北二外百科考试可谓是“大型车祸现场”，感觉受到了一万点暴击，题型改了不说，出题方向也改得面目全非，以往的百科都是偏向中外文学作品，名人，传统文化，但今年更侧重于时事热点，都是最新的词汇，好在北二外给出的是一段材料 ，从里面抠出了几个词，实在不会的词可以抄点材料。二外有点儿坑的就是，差不多10月上旬才发布消息说要改题型，时间很紧，所以我当时复习这科的时候重点放在了百科名词解释上，但是因为第一年考，没什么参考的经验，我就按照往年的出题方向走，关于时事热点这块儿是完全忽略了，事实证明二外的心思你永远别去猜，不过还好今年好了论语，易经，荀子几个和传统文化，著作相关的，所以这一块儿还是需要与复习的。关于复习的时间，我的建议是不要太晚，我当时是大概进行了三轮背诵，花了两个月时间，但是还是记不住，背完马上就忘。三、具体建议1、时政热点从今年的出题方向来看北二外似乎开始偏向时政热点，这一点其实可以和政治那个热点联系起来学，像今年考的进博会，复兴号也都是政治上出现热点词汇。（个人看法而已，仅参考）2、传统文化，中外著作，名人虽然整体方向变了，但是著作，名人多少还是会考的3、其他类别今年是第一次考名词解释，不能仅凭一次就认定出题方向，所以建议早点开始名词解释的复习，时间充足的话，其他类别也尽可能的看看。4、应用文有专门练习应用文的资料，我觉得不管是哪种，内容大致都差不太多，这一块儿只要格式正确应该不容易失分。，关键是应用文的格式，一定要复习到位。5、大作文不一定需要一定的文字功底，但是需要佳句的背诵，说不定考试就用上了。四、参考书目1、北二外历年百科真题2 、MTI翻译硕士黄皮书3本（各校真题+答案详解+百科词典）3、人民日报官网4、新华社公众号【政治】这一科就不多说了，推荐两位老师的课，肖秀荣团队和徐涛，两位政治考研界的大佬。我前期跟的是肖老师，中期跟的是徐涛老师，后期就两个一起跟，个人觉得效果还不错。参考书目1、前期①肖秀荣的1000题+精讲精炼+配套课程②徐涛的优题库习题集+核心考案+配套课程任选其一2、中后期①肖秀荣的精讲精炼的背诵版②徐涛的冲刺背诵笔记任选其一※前期和中后期所用书目主要是选择题的巩固，论述题不用管3、冲刺①肖秀荣八套卷（选择）+四套卷（选择，论述题***）②徐涛的考前20题小黄书一般来讲，徐涛老师的20题在11月底就有了，可以先买来背，今年押中了四道大题，质量是相当高的。肖四强烈推荐，命中率很高，一般会比徐涛的书晚一星期左右。另外两位老师都有冲刺阶段的网课，可以买来看看，还是有用的。最后送给所有20考研的学弟学妹们的话：考研，承载了太多的东西，其中有两个字，叫梦想！考研，伴随着孤独，失落，自我否定，或许想过放弃，但耐得住寂寞才能守得住繁华！即便没有结果，也请给人生多一条选择。所有参赛稿件文责自负，若有争议之处，请及时联系联盟处理，欢迎大家监督。