考研政治红宝书pdf

除了死记硬背，重点记忆+每日复盘才是王道！考研红宝书是所有考研单词资料书里词汇量最大的一本，考研大纲词汇全部囊入其中。红宝书的编排由：26个list必考词+30个基础词+1个简单基础词+超纲词+必考词、基础词检索词组成。 下面我就具体的说一下如何高效的使用~TIME◆基础阶段（2个月）◆主要任务：红宝书的必考词，基础词全部过一遍；重点看单词的音标，构成以及常考的释义复习方法：①从必考词入手，每天早上1个小时复习1个list，1个月内看完26个list的必考词；②看完必考词之后，看基础词，每天1个小时看1个list,1个月内看完30个list 的基础词；（由于基础词很简单，认识的看一遍就快速跳过，但是要注意标注有偏僻的含义的单词）③每天半个小时复盘当天单词的学习内容，回顾不起来的单词用◎标注出来；TIME◆巩固阶段（2个月）◆主要任务：巩固必考词和基础词；重点看单词拼写和少见的释义复习方法：①二刷必考词和基础词，每天早上1个小时1-2个list；②晚上半个小时复盘，完全没有印象的单词，再次重点标注出来◆；③在这个阶段，超纲词也需要纳入学习计划中，每天记半个小时；超纲词只需要认识这个单词以及中文含义就可以。下面是根据艾宾浩斯记忆曲线整理的记忆超纲词需要的时间，大家可以根据自己的时间进行调节！TIME◆强化阶段（2个月）◆主要任务：了解考研词汇的运用，重点看单词、考点搭配复习方法：①每天一个小时重点记忆标记的单词◎◆；②在这个阶段，先看这个单词的词组和句子翻译，翻译不出来的单词摘抄下来，再去看看中文释义；③每天晚上留出半个小时的时间复盘，还是没有印象的单词在笔记本上摘抄下来；TIME◆冲刺阶段（2个月）◆主要任务：查漏补缺复习方法：①每天半个小时，根据检索表，顺序检查这个单词是否已经记住，没有记住的单词摘抄在笔记本上；②建议每天检查3.5列，在1个半月内检查完；③每天用半个小时记笔记本上的单词，反复记不住的单词摘抄在小卡片上，随时拿出来记。以上红宝书的使用方法是贯穿在整个考研过程中的，所以大家一定要自行调节，把记单词融入到真题和长难句复习过程中~还有六七月才开始考研复习的同学，是不、建、议、使用红宝书的！如果买了，那最好按照1：1：1的时间比例，将重心放在必考词上，再结合考研真题，掌握历年考研真题上的单词就可以了！

问题：考研英语资料推荐：红宝书，黄皮书和恋恋有词，怎么选？鞋子合不合适，只有自己知道，找复习资料也是，每个人水平不同，适合自己的才是最好的。考研英语资料推荐——先说单词方面的：《非常词汇》是通过句子记单词，语境记忆法。适合基础薄弱的同学。闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》重点突出，收词全面，联想记忆法，适合想要快速记住单词的同学。《恋练有词》主要是将词汇分为主词、形近词和补充词汇，通过一个简单词记住一群词。并且精选五篇考研励志故事，缓解考生备考疲惫心理。最大特点是词群记忆，适合有一定词汇基础的同学，帮你扩充词汇量。《红宝书》最大特点是串联记忆，将学过的单词串联在一起，方便记忆。适合将所有单词背完之后再去使用，效果会更好。《绿皮书》最大特点是词根词缀记忆，但是在单词越记越多的情况下，有些同学就只记住了某个词根一类的单词。适合有一定词汇基础的同学。词汇作为考研英语最基础的部分，大家在选择的时候要注意实用性第一，以自己的基础作为出发点，来选择适合自己的词汇书。适合自己的才是最好的。考研英语资料推荐——真题篇再来说真题资料，一本好的英语真题资料，不仅能帮你理解真题中的每一句，还能让你清楚命题人出题的角度和考点。在做真题的时候，不能只关注真题的文章翻译。对于真题资料中的语篇分析、段落概括、文章框架、错误答案分析也要认真总结！前期精翻文章会帮助你们积累真题中出现的不熟词汇、短语。但后期做真题，就要靠你们是否能将资料中的精华部分，融入到自己的做题思路中。英语二的同学真题比较少，前期也可以做英语一的真题练练手。《全解析》：何凯文老师对试题的解读有其独到之处，基础好的同学可以用全解析，学习做题思路。《老蒋》：根据各大论坛中的评价来看，老蒋的解析还是比较跳跃，不太适合基础薄弱的同学做真题。《考研真相》：基础差的同学必备的英语真题资料！题目都是一词一句的精解，重点词汇和句子都有详细解释，很适合基础弱的同学做真题补基础！《倍速快解》：与其他真题书不同，侧重于解题方法。书中可以直接套用的解题模板，很适合冲击名校的同学，用来提高做题速度和正确率。《黄皮书》：黄皮书分析较为详尽，其中对文章的语篇分析很适合英语基础较好的同学，来培养做题分析思路。以上就是在同学们口中经常提到的5本真题书资料，在选择真题资料时要根据自己的个人情况，进行选择，这样复习的效率也会提高~

考研找资料太麻烦？快来看看这三种必备书目你缺了啥！2019年的全国硕士研究生考试初试刚刚落下帷幕，2020届的毕业生的考研战争已经开始。尽管19年的考试出了不少差错，山东师范大学、山西师范大学和电子科技大学在其中尤为突出，但时至今日，重考也已经结束。除了等待成绩出来，准备复试，有些2020届的备考生也开始疯狂占位，早早的开始准备考试。众所周知，考研的科目由于考生自己选择的院校和专业不同，所以几乎每个人的备考重点也不一样。不能像高中时那样，老师给划出重点，整理专项练习，并且还有讲评等等。而考研，全程没有老师来督促，全靠自己的自控力。在开始学习之前，合适的学习方法和学习资料是必不可少的，网课看视频、报班都可以。但是那么多的课程和资料，哪个更适合你呢？一般情况下，专业课的学习，学校附近的考研培训机构很少办班，主要看学生自己上网找网课或者是找所报院校所给的参考书目来背。英语和政治就是重点了，考研机构一般都会有设立这两门课的班。那英语和政治的学习一般考研生会选择哪些资料呢？如果你已经决定考研，那么你肯定已经在网上查过相关的学习资料，或者是一些考研成功的经验帖，他们经常提到的就是红宝书、黄宝书或者黄皮书了！光听名字我们根本不知道是哪门课的学习资料，那么他们究竟是什么呢？红宝书红宝书事实上不是单指某一门的书籍，他分为考研英语红宝书和政治红宝书。考研英语红宝书分为考研英语词汇红宝书、真题、写作和冲刺卷。词汇主要包括必考词+基础词+超纲词，一般情况下套装共5册，还有串记手册、连线自测本、练习题册、红宝书APP、MP3在线音频和考研英语资料PDF。不论是考英语一还是英语二都可以作为学习的重点书目来学习。真题是必刷题，这是无可厚非的。红宝书事实上，有些人认为红宝书并不是以上所说的英语红宝书。而是思想政治理论考试大纲解析，考研政治的学习这本书几乎人手一本。考研政治大纲一般8月底或9月中上旬发布，红宝书一般也在其之后开始出版。黄皮书考研英语黄皮书一般是指张剑的历年真题解析及思路点拨。考研英语学习的资料一般认为比较好的就是《考研真相》、《考研英语红宝书》和《黄皮书》了，但是在选择学习资料的时候，最重要的是根据自己的英语基础情况来选择，不能盲目跟风。这么多考研资料，几乎都是必备书目，你选择了那一本呢？希望这篇文章对你有所帮助哦！也欢迎考研成功的学长学姐分享下经验呢！

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

英语复习过程中，最核心的莫过于背单词了，而考研大纲明确要求单词量5500左右，并且英语一还会有超纲词汇。在背单词常见的教辅书里，《红宝书》是比较常见的一种，但是今天，小编要像大家推荐另外一本书—《恋练有词》。这本书是2014考研的时候出炉的，由新东方集团老师朱伟、唐迟两人以及一些其他老师共同编著完成。也就是上图这个样子，封面有俞敏洪的题词。单从书籍质量上来说，《恋练有词》本身可能并不是最突出的，小编也无法说《恋练有词》和《红宝书哪个更好》。但是这本书相对于其他市面上的单词书籍，最大的优势在于，其对于英语基础比较差的同学非常友好。因为《恋练有词》还有一套朱伟老师录制的配套视频，书籍和视频的结合立刻让这本书变得闪耀起来。这里要记住，看视频课一定要做笔记！朱伟讲课活跃，很多笑话，但是千万不要只看视频，不动笔。他补充了很多书上没有的东西，有助于理解和记忆单词。总之他的拓展很有用，都记到书上！不过在2019年，朱伟脱离新东方自己创业，唐迟则跳槽有道。但是《恋练有词》的版权一直在新东方手上，这就导致了2020年会出现两种书，即《恋练有词（新东方版）》和《恋词》。简称绿皮和黄皮。绿皮继承了以前《恋练有词》的封面和排版，但是主编却换了个人，可以看作是完全不同的一本书。黄皮即《恋词》，是原主编朱伟、唐迟出版的。于是两家为了争分夺秒地抢市场，便选择了在2020考研甚至还没结束的时候，让自己的2021书籍面世。这在整个考研教辅届都是绝无仅有的，因为一般教辅都会选择在上一年考研结束后再出版新书，这样才能加入当年的真题。但是这两家宁可放弃2020考研真题也要抢时间、抢市场，可见竞争之激烈。所以双方都选择在2020年1月份再出个额外篇，补充2020考研的真题。不过这里小编还是建议大家去买黄皮书，因为这毕竟是原作者编写的，并且搭配上朱伟的视频，更是能起到事半功倍的效果。总之，不管是绿皮《新东方版恋练有词》还是黄皮《恋词》亦或是红皮《红宝书》，其核心都是考研5500词。所以买了什么书就好好地背，书写得再好，自己记不住也是白搭。英语核心就是词汇。基础不牢，地动山摇！

本次真题点评按照顺序分别为801|802|803|620|431|433|434|342|809真题点评PDF文档需在“西财考研app”下载其他专业课的真题点评将直接发布到app不再通过公众号推送大家在看完真题点评之后进入小程序填写成绩估分经济学801/802总体说明：● 2020西财考研经济学801和802真题题量较以前年度均有所减少，也几乎没有超纲的知识点，绝大部分考点在全程班中的各个阶段都有讲解，出题的难度总的来说不算大，但是今年的考题相比以前年度而言，出题更加灵活新颖，要拿到高分也并不容易。● 由于时间紧迫，我们暂时没有对题目进行合并整理（从我们搜集到的几十份回忆版真题里面应该可以合并出完整的真题，后面整理好之后会放到2021版红宝书里面），此文档中的真题并不完整，且只给出了真题的简单解析，给大家提供一个答题思路，部分题目给出了答案，供大家参考。注意：真题简析pdf文档需用“西财考研app”扫描上面的二维码下载，“西财考研app”安装方式见文末。管理学803总体说明：● 考察了一些没有想到的题目，难度上升。这也告诫来年的同学，管理学复习务必复习全面。● 部分题目问法和书本有所变动，如论述题第二个。复习务必要深入，了解题目的意思，学会变通。● 出现了连续三年都考查一个知识点的情况，如名词辨析第三题。这是往年不可能出现的情况，这也告诫大家，不要偷懒，应该复习的更加全面一点。行政管理620总体说明：● 考试内容回归参考教材，尤其是案例分析题的第一个。● 考察社会研究方法和政治学的分值和去年进行对比有所上升。● 时政内容依然是考察的重点。● 更加注重考察学生的动手能力，出现了一些举例题。● 考察书本的知识点依然中规中矩，并没有很偏的题目。金融专硕431总体说明：● 从今年的考题来看，西财延续了往年细化知识点的命题趋势，但是更加注重基础。整体看来，431题目难度系数不大，主要是考察大家对一些最基础知识点的把握及其运用，特别是运用。货币需求理论、股利政策、增量现金流等都要求大家在掌握知识的基础上，应用于实际进行分析。本站在今年的冲刺班中，全部以简答题的形式呈现了今年真题的考点，如果根据冲刺班强调的知识点背诵内容，并认真完成阶段测试以及模考测试，同时全面掌握红宝书知识点，专业课成绩在130以上应该问题都不大。● 2019和2020金融专硕大纲都新增了不少知识点，不过这两年真题都没有考察新增知识点，我们预计2021的大纲知识点将保持稳定，不会像这两年一样大面积增加考察范围，但这两年新增的知识点今后的年份中应该逐渐出现在考题中，大家不可掉以轻心。注意：真题简析pdf文档需用“西财考研app”扫描上面的二维码下载，“西财考研app”安装方式见文末。税务专硕433总体说明：● 从今年433的真题来看，题型延续了前几年的风格，名词解释、简答和计算也基本都在红宝书和辅导课的重点讲解范围中。● 考察的内容还是以税收学原理为主，国际税收次之，税收征管略有涉及。但是提问的方式更加灵活，考察的难度比2019考研略有上升，特别是论述避开了最热门的话题，但不同类型的论述答题的思路也是之前辅导课基础班提及过的。● 总体来看，如果熟悉掌握了课堂上提及的背诵重点，并在平时对税制变化关注较多的同学，专业课成绩在120以上应该问题不大。注意：真题简析pdf文档需用“西财考研app”扫描上面的二维码下载，“西财考研app”安装方式见文末。国际商务434总体说明：● 2020年西南财经大学国际商务基础真题的出题方式沿用前几年的出题形式，90%的题目来源于书上，考题形式保持简答题、简述题、论述题数量的2+7+1的形式。● 相较于2019年，2020年考题难度有所下降，原因有：第一，知识点分布较为均匀，2020年考试题在国际贸易、国际投资、国际金融、国际商务四部分的知识点中保持合理分布；第二，考题内容重复度较高，有5道简述题为《历年真题》考查过的原题或者变型题；第三，考查角度以重视基础知识理解记忆为主，知识运用为辅，其中简答和简述题的考查角度以专业基础知识的理解性记忆为主，论述题考查考生运用专业基础知识分析国际商务现象（近几年为考查时事热点），总结问题并提出相应的解决措施。注意：真题简析pdf文档需用“西财考研app”扫描上面的二维码下载，“西财考研app”安装方式见文末。农业管理342/809总体说明：● 2020年西南财经大学农业综合和农业经济学的真题出题方式继续沿用2019年的出题形式和出题规律，这与西财考研网红宝书课堂在基础班，强化班和冲刺班讲的一致，考题形式仍然是6道简答和3道论述，且90%的题目来源于书上，农业经济学除20分来自于时事热点（粮食安全），其余130分都来自于钟甫宁书上的知识点（个别年份会考到李秉龙版本上的知识点），农业综合150分都来源于书上的固定知识点，试题的开放性相对于2019年试题有所下降，但试题总体难度基本持平。● 2020年农业综合部分难度总体来说相对于2019年难度有所下降。因考纲新增一部分内容，因此本年对于农业综合新增知识点的考察力度较大，比如企业的社会责任、农村社区的基本特点、大数据时代对于管理活动的挑战3道题目，考察50分内容，值得骄傲的是，红宝书教研组在9月份考纲新增内容发布情况下快速的为大家整理了考纲新增内容，红宝书考纲新增补充知识点覆盖到今年所有新增的内容，为广大考生解决了考纲新增的负担。除新增内容外，其余知识点为常规考点，总体难度不大。● 2020年农业经济学试题相对于以往试题来说，考察的知识点较为细致，难度较2019年大幅度增加。比如农业生产函数（此题考察的太细，根据考生反映来看，此题95%考生都不会），农业劳动力资源的数量、蛛网模型的假设条件、农产品的特殊性（导论内容，如果不看红宝书，很多考生都会忽视）这四道题目都考察的相对较细，其他题目为常规考题，难度不大。此外，论述题中的如何提高农民的生活消费水平具有迷惑性和灵活性，此题其实就是考察的制约农民生活消费的影响因素，很多考生答成了提升农民收入的途径，当然这也可以拿到部分分数。注意：真题简析pdf文档需用“西财考研app”扫描上面的二维码下载，“西财考研app”安装方式见文末。

关于背单词，我先说一下，考研备考又不止考英语一门对不，你还得复习其他科目。初期时间充裕，你可以慢慢背，不着急，但是中期和后期冲刺，除了背单词，还有好几本专业课等你复习哦。所以，英语这块，单词虽说是基础，但是也不能太占用时间了，所以呢，如果你有一本能划出重点的单词书是最好的。《考研词汇闪过》就是符合这个需要呢1、首先是收词很全，考纲5500+单词都包含了，这样就不用担心漏掉什么重点词2、也是最重要的一点，单词按真题考频划分了重点和非重点，重点才1700多个，算一算，总量是5400,1700占到1/3,也就是说，它至少可以帮你节省2/3的复习时间。省下来的时间去复习其他科目或者直接做英语真题呀~~记住：考试经常考的，才是最重要的。其他很多单词书说是有核心重点词，但基本上都是在三四千词左右，算不上是划了重点的。3、它里面附带的短语。这些短语很多都是真题里面的，相当于是把真题里这个单词怎么考给你罗列出来了，很简短明了，也能直接背到“考点”上，这个是大家都比较期待的呢。有些单词书是罗列一个很长的例句，你还得先把这句话看懂了、读透了，才能知道这个单词怎么考，况且还只有一句，相当于只给你一种考法，相比较而言，还是这种词组、短语式的比较好用一点。剩下的就是这本书其实很小，A4纸的一半大小，也方便携带，而且今年22版还有8大赠本哦，阅读、翻译、写作词汇、还有熟词僻义等等好多个小本。各有各的用途，口袋大小，方便携带。下面分享一下怎么背单词吧？1、提前划出当天的背诵范围一般70个就可以，如果有你特别熟的单词，直接跳过，不计入总数。一本单词书里5000多个单词，不可能每个都不会，再不济你还有之前考过四六级的底子在呢。2、70个单词可以分批背，不要压着自己集中背完别让背单词成为一个想起来就头疼的任务。适当的压力很有必要，但是过度了就是负担。你可以早上背25个，中午背25个，下午背20个。总之，拆解任务很重要。3、每周要抽出一天复习。巩固这周背的单词，也给大脑一个缓冲时间。复习时要分别盖住英语和汉语，检测自己哪些单词没掌握，就复习那些没掌握的。注意几点：①抓重点，分轮次第一轮：在做真题前，集中记忆高频词第二轮：精研真题的过程中（无论是专项训练，还是成套复习），巩固高频词，记忆陌生词；第三轮：利用碎片时间，全面复习所有的大纲词汇。②重视单词的考查重点（尤其是高频词）几乎每个单词都有多个词义，要锻炼自己在真题中识别单词意思的能力，要做到这点，必须重视单词出现的语境。③重视常见的短语搭配实际上，一个短语就是一个很小的语境，记住一个短语就相当于搞定了一个单词的考查重点。而且，短语还能用在作文中，一定要重视！④重视常见的词汇辨析阅读题有很多正确答案就是原文的同义替换，也有一些干扰项是利用近义词之间的不同设置错误。所以，我们既要重视近义词之间的相同之处，也要关注它们的不同之处。⑤重视常见的词根词缀在考场上遇到不认识的单词时，可以根据词根词缀的含义猜测单词的意思。⑥重视熟词僻义真题中有些单词的词义和我们之前学过的不同，如果不清楚，可能会出现理解偏差。

【文章难句】As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive — there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.【词汇突破】linguist[lɡwst]n. 语言学家acknowledge[knɑld]vt. 承认；答谢；报偿；告知已收到variety[vrati]n. 多样；种类；杂耍；变化，多样化expressive[kspresv]adj. 表现的；有表现力的dialect[dalekt]n. 方言，土话；同源语；行话convey[knve]vt. 传达；运输；让与【结构分析】as 引导状语表示主语的身份，本句的主语是人称代词 he，谓语动词是 acknowledges，that 引导名词性宾语从句，从句中的主语是 all varieties of human language 表示“各种所有人类语言”，单词 varieties 在翻译过程中出现词性转换，由名词变成了形容词，including non-standard ones like Black English 是插入语，系动词是 be，含有情态动词 can，表语是 expressive，含有副词 powerfully 修饰，破折号后面的分句对前问内容进行补充说明，这部分使用 there be 特殊句型，that 引导定语从句修饰先行词 no language or dialect。【参考译文】作为一名语言学家，他承认所有的人类语言，包括非标准的语言，如黑人英语，都可以明确地表情达意 —— 世界上没有一种语言或方言不能表达复杂的意思。考研资料、真题分享备考经验、学习干货小白陪你考研

每天凌晨睡觉，早晨5点多起床，匆匆吃点早点到自习室开门、看书，中午趴在自习室的课桌上睡一会后起来继续复习……这就是考研学生的真实学习生活。图为11月8日，在安徽阜阳某学院的走廊里，一位考研学生在写有“青春 理想”字样的墙壁前认真学习，备战考研。随着2018年考研的时间越来越近，在各大学的校园内、教室里、楼道边、操场上，随处可见争分夺秒拼搏学习的考研学生们。他们低头认真学习，比的不仅是脑力和体力，也是在磨练着各自毅力。图为11月6日，安徽阜阳某学院的教室里，一群考研学生们在认真学习。11月6日，在安徽阜阳某学院的一间教室里，前方的黑板上写前考研倒记时的天数，一位考研同学临走时在坐位上留下了占位字条。11月7日，在安徽阜阳某学院的走廊里，一位考研学生离开时将一本考研红宝书放在了坐位上。随着考研临近，写字条占位和读考研红宝书成了个别考研学生们经常用到的学习方式。11月7日，在安徽阜阳某学院的一间教室里，一位考研同学临走时在坐位上留下了占位字条。11月7日，在安徽阜阳某学院的走廊边，一位考研同学在面壁学习。11月7日，在安徽阜阳某学院的走廊边，一位考研同学坐在走廊边的坐位前面壁学习。图为11月7日，在安徽阜阳某学院的图书室里，考研的学生们在夜读。