考研长难句

1.真题再现 What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources.语法精析本句主干是What matters is that，是主系表结构，主语是What引导的主语从句，在主语从句中，What作matters的主语。that引导的是表语从句，在该从句中，which引导一个限制性定语从句，using public resources为现在分词短语作方式状语。难句精译重要的是，它们将属于利用公共资源发展自己的私人垄断企业。2.真题再现 Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons—both fake and real—past airport security nearly every time they tried.语法精析 Last year为时间状语。本句主干为the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found,介词短语in a secret check作状语，that引导宾语从句。该宾语从句的主干为undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons past airport security，两个破折号之间的内容为后置定语修饰说明weapons。难句精译去年，美国运输安全管理局在一次秘密检查中发现，卧底调查员几乎每次都能够躲过机场安检，偷带武器——不论是假武器，还是真武器。3.真题再现The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other sources, not a president's social media platform.语法精析该句的主干结构是The implication is that。that引导表语从句，该表语从句的主干为Millennials prefer news。to be filtered through other sources为后置定语修饰先行词news。难句精译这暗示着千禧一代并不喜欢从总统的社交媒体平台上获知白宫新闻，而是喜欢通过其他渠道获知白宫新闻。4.真题再现Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.语法精析Their analysis是句子的主语,ruled out 是谓语动词,the possibility是句子的宾语。that引导the possibility的同位语从句,从句中的it was...that...为强调句型。难句精译他们的分析表明,让企业受到宽大处理的是其企业社会责任立场而非其政治影响力:对政治活动投入更多的企业并没有获得较少的罚款。5.真题再现Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?语法精析本句为倒装句。该句的主干结构是Among the annoying challenges...is one...。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词one。难句精译 在中产阶级面临的令人气恼的挑战中，有一个可能在下届总统竞选时不会被提及：机器人要是上岗抢中产阶级的饭碗的话，会有什么后果？6.真题再现But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.语法精析本句中，it did so为句子主干。which引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词为his conct。seeking access to government为company的后置定语。难句精译 虽然如此，但它(最高法院)却对他(麦克唐纳)的行为的道德标准嗤之以鼻，他的行为包括从一家寻求接近政府的公司那里收受像劳力士手表和法拉利汽车等礼物。7.真题再现Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert's appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conctor about him”.语法精析本句主干为Tommasini calls him “an unpretentious musician”。其中who had advocated Gilbert's appointment in the Times为定语从句，修饰Tommasini；with no air of the formidable conctor about him是介词短语作后置定语，修饰musician。难句精译即使是在《泰晤士报》上对吉尔伯特的任命予以支持的托马西尼也称他是 “一位身上没有指挥家那种令人望而生畏的神态的、谦逊的音乐家”。8.真题再现We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment.语法精析本句主干为We define such sold media as owned media。whose引导定语从句，修饰前面的先行词owned media。难句精译我们将这种出售了的媒体定义为自有媒体，其访问量是如此强大以至于其他组织就在该环境中投放信息或电子商务引擎。9.真题再现As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.语法精析该句是一个复合句，主干为knowing...and knowing...allow us。As指代整个句子的内容，引导非限制性定语从句。翻译时注意结构和语序。难句精译你会慢慢发现,明白心理健康一直在身边并且懂得坚信它,可以让我们放慢节奏、快乐地生活。10.真题再现Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure?语法精析本句主干为Do you remember all those years?其中when引导的定语从句修饰前面的名词those years，其主干为scientists argued that but the doubters insisted that。难句精译还记得那些年科学家们认为吸烟会致人死亡，而那些怀疑者们却坚信此事还没有定论吗？11.真题再现Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution.语法精析Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution是现在分词短语，与句子主语British social philosopher Herbert Spencer之间是主动关系，此处是用现在分词表伴随。proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin是过去分词短语，修饰theory of biological evolution，两者之间是被动关系，过去分词在这里指已经完成的动作。难句精译19世纪60年代英国博物学家查尔斯·达尔文提出了有突破性的生物进化论，与此同时，英国社会哲学家赫伯特·斯宾塞也提出了自己的生物进化和文化演变理论。12.真题再现We are fortunate that it is, because building new ecational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations.语法精析本句省略上句尾词wrong,填充完整即为We are fortunate that it (=the conventional view) is wrong。because引导原因状语从句作整个句子的状语；在原因状语从句中，building...和putting...是动名词短语作从句主语；would require是从句的谓语；two or three generations是从句的宾语。难句精译这种观点不对让我们感到幸运，因为在贫穷国家创立新的教育体制并让足够多的人接受教育从而推动经济发展需要两三代人来完成。13.真题再现To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.语法精析本句主干为To read such books today is to marvel at the fact。其中不定式短语To read such books作句子的主语，to marvel at the fact作表语，that引导同位语从句，对the fact进行解释说明。难句精译如今再去读这种作品会让人们对这样一个事实感到惊讶：他们的学习内容曾经被认为适合刊登在面向大众发行的日报上。14.真题再现When people place their trust in an indivial or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that proces pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instinct that prompts humans to connect with one another.语法精析该句主干是their brains release oxytocin。When people place their trust in an indivial or an institution是一个时间状语从句。难句精译当人们相信一个人或一个机构时，他们的大脑会释放催产素，这是一种会产生愉悦情感和激发群集本能的激素，这种本能促使人们彼此联系。15.真题再现Some experts attribute the stress-recing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” because it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies.语法精析Some experts attribute the benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin为本句主干。because it promotes attachment in relationships为原因状语从句，在该从句中，介词短语including that between mothers and their newborn babies作定语修饰relationships。难句精译一些专家将拥抱的减压、与健康有关的益处归因于催产素的释放。催产素通常被称为“亲密荷尔蒙”，因为它可以增强人们之间的联系，包括母亲们和她们刚出生的婴儿之间的联系。16.真题再现Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are.语法精析本句主干为Mental health allows us to view others。三个并列with引导的介词结构做状语，两个if引导的条件状语从句和no matter who引导的让步状语从句共同修饰主句。难句精译心理健康使我们在他人遇到麻烦时心怀同情,在他人遭遇痛苦时善意相待,而且使我们在无论对方是谁的情况下都给予他们无条件的关爱。17.真题再现Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages，Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.语法精析本句中Although在句首引导让步状语从句，句子主干为Sapir never supported the notion。难句精译虽然萨皮尔和沃夫都强调语言的差异性，但萨皮尔本人从来没有明确表示过支持语言决定论的观点。18.真题再现His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generations of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.语法精析His analysis should end any self-contentedness为本句主干。第一个that引导宾语从句作may believe的宾语，该宾语从句由“主语(the global position of English) +系动词(is)+表语(stable)”构成。so...that...引导结果状语从句，作宾语从句的结果状语。难句精译因此，对于那些可能认为英语的全球地位如此稳定以至于英国年轻人不需要获得额外的语言能力的人，他的分析应该会终结这些人的自满情绪。19.真题再现However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.语法精析本句中when two monkeys...for its rock是时间状语从句，so that在从句中引导结果状语从句。主干是their behaviour become markedly different。难句精译然而，当把两只猴子分别关在隔开但相邻的两个房间里，它们能够互相看见对方用石头换回来的东西时，猴子的行为就会变得明显不同。20.真题再现Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it.语法精析在本句中，surrounded by promises of easy happiness是过去分词短语作伴随状语；as religion once did作方式状语；句子主干为we need art to tell us Memento mori；冒号后面是对Memento mori进行的解释。难句精译如今，我们周围到处都是对唾手可得的幸福的承诺，我们需要艺术像过去宗教所做的那样告诉我们“死的警告”：记住你会死去，一切都会消亡，幸福的到来不是否认这一点，而是与其共存。21.真题再现What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar.语法精析本句主干是主系表结构，as...as部分是原级比较，lest引导目的状语从句。难句精译 现在的情况是人们完全不能像以前那样轻易地、公开地坦陈自己的梦想，唯恐别人认为自己爱出风头、贪婪、庸俗不堪。22.真题再现The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive.语法精析以分号为切入点，前一部分用and连接了两个并列的谓语结构，后一部分为主系表结构，逗号后where引导的地点状语从句指its public defenders are few and unimpressive出现的情况。难句精译对雄心的批评比比皆是，而且来自于不同角度。它的捍卫者在并不是毫无吸引力的处境中，人数很少，并未给人们留下太深的印象。23.真题再现To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.语法精析本句主干为we must remember。and连接两个并列的由that引导的宾语从句。第二个宾语从句中，whose引导定语从句，修饰author。难句精译为了意识到戏剧艺术有多么的伟大，我们必须进一步记住，大量的戏剧已经不复存在，而且也许没有任何一位著名作家的全部作品都能够幸存下来。24.真题再现Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can proce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.语法精析本句是一个含宾语从句、定语从句的复合句，其框架结构分析如下：主句的主干为Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism；which引导的定语从句修饰先行词linguistic determinism；定语从句中又包含两个并列宾语从句that language imprisons the mind和that the grammatical patterns in a language can proce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society，作states的宾语；介词短语in its strongest form作方式状语。难句精译沃夫进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点，其极端说法是：语言禁锢了思维，语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。25.真题再现At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable ring the first decade or so of life.语法精析本句中第二个that引导定语从句，修饰those modes of thought。难句精译 然而，在青春期结束时，大脑关闭它一半的功能，仅仅保留了那些在生命最初的十多年里似乎最为宝贵的思维方式。26.真题再现The charter's main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute.语法精析which引导的非限制性定语从句补充说明CFW。难句精译该宪章的主要执行方式是不允许设计师和模特经纪公司参加由丹麦时装协会举办的哥本哈根时装周(CFW)。27.真题再现 The Conservatives' planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorising “off-plan” building where local people might object.语法精析本句主干为The Conservatives' planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation。gives...priority over...意为“相比……给……优先权”;现在分词authorising与句子主语之间是主动关系，表示伴随的动作。难句精译保守党的规划改革明确将优先开发乡村,然后再考虑乡村保护问题,甚至批准了“期房”建设,而当地人可能反对该建设。28.真题再现In a recent study involving over 400 healthy alts, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs on the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being exposed to the virus.语法精析句子主干为researchers examined the effects。现在分词短语involving over 400 healthy alts作后置定语修饰study。难句精译在最近一个涉及400多名健康成人的研究中，位于宾夕法尼亚的卡内基梅隆大学的研究人员研究了感知到的社会支持和接受到的拥抱对于参与者暴露于病毒后患普通感冒的敏感性的影响。29.真题再现 More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor proctivity standards despite the complexity of the building instry's work.语法精析More recently作状语，while (they were) examining housing construction是省略主语和be动词的时间状语从句，句子主干为the researchers discovered that。难句精译最近，在进行住房建设检查时，研究人员发现在得克萨斯州的休斯顿，尽管建筑行业的工作复杂，但是未受过教育的、不会说英语的墨西哥工人总是能够达到劳动生产率的最佳标准。30.真题再现As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as institutional, with display becoming sharper and storage capacity increasing.语法精析本句为and连接的两个并列句。As time went by为第一个分句中的时间状语从句，其主句为computers became smaller and more powerful。难句精译随着时间的推移，电脑体积变得越来越小，功能却越来越强大。而且随着显示效果越来越清晰、存储量越来越大，计算机不仅普遍应用于公共机构，还普及到个人。