每年四月都会写一篇关于如何正确做阅读精翻的文章给当年考研的小伙伴们看,以确保大家都能正确做精翻,不浪费时间,高效的复习,快速提高英语基本功。今年也不例外,下面我们就来看看考研英语阅读精翻的正确打开方式吧。所谓精翻,顾名思义,就是精确仔细的翻译,对于所有考研的学生来说,大量精翻历年的阅读理解真题文章是有效并快速提升英语基本功及阅读能力的途径。因为可以在精翻过程中巩固词汇,语法知识,练习翻译方法和技巧,提高语言组织和表达能力,更深入的理解文章的内容,丰富不同方面的背景知识,把握篇章整体结构,从而整体提升阅读的能力。所以,精翻绝对是提高英语水平、考研英语拿高分的必经之路。下面老毙就为大家介绍下正确做精翻的四个步骤:第一遍翻译不要查单词,不要翻语法书,就根据自己认识的词,自己的理解翻译,遇到生词就根据语境和上下文去推理和引申,争取推出单词和短语的含义,遇到长而难的复杂句子,要划分下句子结构,找出主从句,分清修饰成分,老毙告诉大家,尽量做到精细化分,然后再一点点的翻译,切忌这一步不要查参考书,一定要自己动手写到纸上,不能仅仅在头脑里想象,那不是做翻译,是在看翻译。第二遍翻译这一遍可以查单词了,把第一遍翻译时不认识的词和短语都查查,看看自己第一遍猜对了没有。如果猜对了,一定记住思路,以后遇到生词时就可以这样猜词义了。如果没猜对,那就从这个单词在词典中的几个意思里选择一个最符合上下文的意思放在文章中去理解。或者是根据语境,在单词基本含义的基础上,对单词的意思进行最符合上下文的推理引申。再就是第一遍分析长难句时如果有不懂的语法现象,翻翻语法书,再重新看看那个长句子到底怎么理解,也就是说在有参考书查阅的情况下再次翻译和修改,应该比第一次翻译的要好了。第三遍翻译这一次可以拿着参考答案的译文来对照了,包括答案中一些对长难句的解析都要看,看看自己欠缺在哪里,是没能根据单词的基本释义推出具体语境的意思,还是长难句理解有问题,没搞清句子结构,主从修饰关系,还是语序没有调整好,语言组织和表达的不够完美等等问题,然后一一改正并记录下来,把该背的单词短语都背下来,然后反思自己的不足,避免下次犯同样的错误,当然,在对照的时候不需要逐字逐句必须和答案完全一致,只要大致意思相同即可。但是语序调整的问题一定要注意。第四遍翻译有了前三遍的基础,相信你一定对文章内容有了很深刻的印象了,对大多数单词和句子以及翻译也都了解了,那么,忘记参考译文,重新再翻译一遍,凭自己对文章内容的理解,用自己的语言再好好翻译润色下自己译文。通常情况下,一篇文章经过这样四遍的翻译,无论是单词,短语,还是句子,你都会有很深刻的认识了,然后把该背下来的都背下来,如果一篇文章能够实打实的做到这四遍,经过一段时间的练习,阅读能力一定有很大的提高和质的飞跃。老毙有一点要提醒小伙伴们,四遍的翻译过程中,思考是最重要的,总结自己做的好的地方,思考自己的不足,不能心急,考研英语本就是个靠点滴积累,慢慢进步不能一蹴而就的科目,只有这样做精翻才是正确的打开方式,才不会浪费时间做无用功。考研使用毙考题,不用再报培训班。
考研英语,单词是基础,所以单词一定要好好背。从决定考研的那一刻开始,基本上就要背单词到考研初试的时候。但是背单词也要抓住重点,这样子才可以事半功倍。而重点的词汇无非就是每年都重复考的那些单词。单词是基础,一定要坚持记单词,每天都要记!不能偷懒的,偷懒别人不知道,你自己肯定是知道的,时间久了就会体现出来了。
考研五大题型中,翻译对语法和词汇的依赖度最高,那么在这里我们就一起分析,想要拿下翻译题,至少需要掌握哪些方面的词汇知识。考研词汇基本可以分为两大类:基础词汇,大约2000词;核心词汇,3500左右。基础词汇,指考生在初高中就已经学过的词语,比如“support”、“claim”等等,基础词汇在翻译中也很常见,主要考察其生僻意思,其难度令大多数考生望而生畏。比如,2010年考研试题翻译中出现了这样的搭配“health of game”,很多同学觉得很简单直接翻译成“游戏的健康”。“游戏”不是生物谈何“健康”,这种译文毫无疑问是错误的。在这里就是考察“game”的生僻意思——“猎物”,所以正确翻译应该是“猎物的健康”。再比如,考研考研试题中还出现过这样的搭配“common run of men”,很多同学看到“run”就想到了它的第一意义——“跑步”,甚至有考生翻译成“普通跑男”,这种翻译无疑也是错误的。在这里也是考查“run”的生僻含义,表示“种类”。所以考生在备考翻译词汇时,要多积累一些基础词汇的生僻意思。那有同学会问,考研2000多个基础词汇都需要掌握才能做好翻译吗?答案当然是否定的,2000多个基础词汇未必都会在翻译题中考察,翻译中的基础词汇有一个非常明显的特点——在翻译题中复现率极高,比如“business”一词在2005年考过“行业”(television business)的含义,2006年考过“商业”(conct in business)的含义,2009年考过“业务”的含义(chief business)。大家在备考翻译中的基础词汇时,只需关注历届考研翻译考研试题中出现的那一部分即可,大概有500词左右。核心词汇,指初高中未学过、较长较难的词汇。这部分词虽然难,但是词义比较固定,相对没有那么灵活,所以同学想办法记住词义就可,无需掌握多个意思。当然,备考翻译也不需要将3500个核心词汇都背全,考研翻译中核心词汇考察有一个很显著的特征——这部分词在考研阅读和完形填空中复现率极高。所以大家应该主要去掌握这两大题型中常出现的核心词汇,总计1000词左右。翻译题型只是纸老虎,只要大家根据出题特点相应进行备考,拿下6分或9分的及格分并不困难。
本文说明了水对于生长的植物的重要作用。第一段:Most growing plants contain much more water than all other materials combined.大部分生长的植物,其水的含量超过其他所有物质的含量总和。C. R. Barnes has suggested that it is as proper to term the plant a water structure as to call a house composed mainly of brick a brick building.C·R·巴恩斯认为,把植物叫做水结构就如同把主要用砖盖成的房子叫做砖建筑一样恰当。Certain it is that all essential processes of plant growth and development occur in water.当然,植物生长的一切必要过程都发生于水中。The mineral elements from the soil that are usable by the plant must be dissolved in the soil solution before they can be taken into the root.来自于土壤的矿物质在被植物根茎吸收之前,必须先溶解于水。They are carried to all parts of the growing plant and are built into essential plant materials while in a dissolved state.它们在溶解状态被输送到植物的全身并构成基本的植物材料。The carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air may enter the leaf as a gas but is dissolved in water in the leaf before it is combined with a part of the water to form simple sugars -- the base material from which the plant body is mainly built.空气中的二氧化碳能以气体的形式进入叶子,但在和一部分水结合生成单糖(构成植物体最基本的材料)之前也必须先溶于水。Actively growing plant parts are generally 75 to 90 percent water.植物生长活跃部分的含水量一般高达75-90%。Structural parts of plants, such as woody stems no longer actively growing, may have much less water than growing tissues.植物的结构部分(如生长不活跃的木质茎)的含水量可能大大少于生长活跃的组织。第二段:The actual amount of water in the plant at any one time, however, is only a very small part of what passes through it ring its development.但是,植物任何时候的实际含水量都只是其生长期间通过它全身水量的很小一部分。The processes of photosynthesis, by which carbon dioxide and water are combined -- in the presence of chlorophyll (叶绿素) and with energy derived from light -- to form sugars, require that carbon dioxide from the air enter the plant.借助叶绿素和光能量发生光合作用(二氧化碳和水结合)以形成单糖的过程要求二氧化碳从空气中进入植物。This occurs mainly in the leaves. The leaf surface is not solid but contains great numbers of minute openings, through which the carbon dioxide enters.这一过程主要发生在叶子上。叶子表面并非固体,而是有大量的小口。二氧化碳通过这些小口进入植物。The same structure that permits the one gas to enter the leaf, however, permits another gas -- water vapor -- to be lost from it.这些允许二氧化碳进入叶子的小口却让另一种气体——水蒸气散失。Since carbon dioxide is present in the air only in trace quantities (3 to 4 parts in 10,000 parts of air) and water vapor is near saturation in the air spaces within the leaf (at 80℉, saturated air would contain about 186 parts of water vapor in 10,000 parts of air), the total amount of water vapor lost is many times the carbon dioxide intake.由于二氧化碳在空气中的含量非常少(3-4‰),且叶子内部空气空间的水蒸气含量接近饱和状态(80F时,饱和状态下的每10000份空气中含186份水汽),所以,植物失去的水蒸气的量是吸收的二氧化碳量的许多倍。Actually, because of wind and other factors, the loss of water in proportion to carbon dioxide intake may be even greater than the relative concentrations of the two gases.实际上,因为风和其他因素的影响,损失掉的水和吸入二氧化碳的比甚至可能大于这两种气体的相对浓度。Also, not all of the carbon dioxide that enters the leaf is synthesized into carbohydrates (碳水化合物).另外,并非所有进入叶子的二氧化碳都可以被合成碳水化合物。19. A growing plant needs water for all of the following except .[A] forming sugars[B] sustaining woody stems[C] keeping green[D] procing carbon dioxide[分析] 本题考核知识点:事实细节题。第一段第六句(the carbon dioxide…mainly built)和第二段第二句说明:二氧化碳可以直接从空气中进入植物的叶子里,所以不需要水。[D]选项正确。同时这两句还说明:生成糖的过程需要二氧化碳先溶于水,然后和水结合,所以[A]不是正确选项。第一段最后一句说明:(尽管木质茎比活跃组织需要的水少得多),但还是需要一定量的水。所以,[B]非正确选项。[C]文中未提及。20. The essential function of photosynthesis in terms of plant needs is .[A] to form sugars[B] to derive energy from light[C] to preserve water[D] to combine carbon dioxide with water[分析]本题考核知识点:文中细节推理题。第一段第五句说明:二氧化的作用主要是生成植物体最需要的材料——单糖。第二段第二句说明:植物的光合作用(二氧化碳和水结合)形成单糖。所以,光合作用能够提供植物需要的(单)糖。[A]为正确选项。[B]的干扰来自于第二段第二句,但该句提到的是从光中获取能量是光合作用的条件之一,而不是反过来通过光合作用去获取能量。[C]文中未提及。[D]是光合作用的过程,而不是作用。21. The second paragraph uses facts to develop the essential idea that.[A] a plant efficiently utilizes most of the water it absorbs[B] carbon dioxide is the essential substance needed for plant development[C] a plant needs more water than is found in its composition[D] the stronger the wind, the more the water vapor loss[分析] 本题考核知识点:段落主旨题。解此题需要分析第二段的结构。本段第一句为段落主题句:植物的含水量只是其需水量很小的一部分。然后用事实说明为什么会出现这种情况(植物叶子允许二氧化碳进入,却让水蒸气散失。再加上风和其他因素的作用,大部分的水都损失掉了)。所以,[C]为正确选项。[A]“有效利用水”不是本文涉及的内容;[B]只在第一段有所提及。第二段提到风等因素造成水的损失,但并未提到风的大小与损失的水蒸汽的量相关。所以,[D]排除。22. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?[A] The mineral elements will not be absorbed by the plant unless they are dissolved in its root.[B] The woody stems contain more water than the leaves.[C] Air existing around the leaf is found to be saturated.[D] Only part of the carbon dioxide in the plants is synthesized.[分析] 本题考核知识点:文中多处细节理解题。文章第二段最后一句指出:并非所有进入叶子的二氧化碳都被合成了碳水化合物。这说明[D]选项正确。[A]的干扰来自于第一段第四句。该句说明,来自于土壤中的矿物质元素只有先溶于“土壤溶液”才能被“根部”吸收,而非溶解于“根部”。[B]与原文内容相反:从第一段最后一句可知,生长不活跃的木质茎含水量可能远远小于生长活跃的叶子。[C]与文中内容不符:第二段第五句给出的信息是:“叶子内部”空气中的水蒸气含量“接近”饱和状态,而非“叶子周围”的空气“处于”饱和状态。23. This passage is mainly about.[A] the functions of carbon dioxide and water[B] the role of water in a growing plant[C] the process of simple sugar formation[D] the synthesis of water with carbon dioxide[分析] 本题考核知识点:文章主旨题。本文第一段首先通过类比开门见山地说明水对于生长中植物的重要作用。然后通过水对植物生长的各种功能(溶解矿物质元素、溶解二氧化碳并和二氧化碳结合生成单糖)说明植物生长中的一切重要过程都离不开水。第二段用事实说明:(尽管植物含水量相当高),但植物生长所需要的水远远大于其本身所所含有的水。所以,整篇文章说围绕的中心是:水对于植物生长的重要作用。[B]为正确选项。考生误选[A]、[C]、[D]都是因为对光合作用在全文中作用的理解错误:文中提到关于二氧化碳(光合作用)是为了用事实说明水对植物生长的重要作用,而并非为了说明二氧化碳本身或光合作用(生成单糖)的作用,所以[A]、[C]都不正确;同样也不是为了说明光合作用的过程,所以[D]错误。
原文+译文:When a Scottish research team startled the world by revealing 3 months ago that it had cloned an alt sheep, President Clinton moved swiftly. 三个月前,当一个苏格兰研究小组宣布他们克隆了一只成年绵羊时,世界为之震惊,克林顿总统迅速做出反应。Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment -- although no one had proposed to do so -- and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.他宣称反对利用这种非同寻常的畜牧业技术去克隆人,并下令禁止联邦资金用于此类实验——尽管还没有人提议要那样做——并要求一个由普林斯顿大学校长哈罗德·夏皮罗为首的独立专家小组,在九十天内拿出有关克隆人的国家政策的建议,向白宫汇报。That group -- the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) -- has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17 May, members agreed on a near-final draft of their recommendations.这个名为“全国生物伦理道德顾问委员会”(NBAC)的小组一直在非常积极地工作,集思广益,并诉诸笔端;在5月17日的一次会议上,委员们就接近定稿的意见书取得了一致意见。NBAC will ask that Clinton’s 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law.NBAC将要求克林顿总统禁止联邦资金用于克隆人的九十天禁令无限期地延长,并且还可能要求将之立法。But NBAC members are planning to word the recommendation narrowly to avoid new restrictions on research that involves the cloning of human DNA or cells -- routine in molecular biology.但是,NBAC成员们正计划在建议的措辞上更为严谨,以避免给克隆人体DNA或细胞等研究带来更多的限制——(这属于)分子生物研究中的常规课题。The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.然而,该小组尚未在一个关键问题上达成一致,即是否建议立法机关将私人资金用于克隆人的行为法定为犯罪。In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be “morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by alt nuclear cloning.”在5月17日会议上讨论的建议序言草案中,夏皮罗表示,专家组已取得广泛的共识,认为“试图利用成人细胞核去克隆婴儿将是违背道德伦理的”。Shapiro explained ring the meeting that the moral doubt stems mainly from fears about the risk to the health of the child. The panel then informally accepted several general conclusions, although some details have not been settled.夏皮罗解释说在与会期间,道德上的怀疑主要源于对婴儿健康的担忧。随后,该小组非正式地接受了几项概括性的结论,尽管有些细节尚无定论。NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei to create a child. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo’s life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.NBAC计划呼吁继续禁止为任何企图利用人体细胞核去制造婴孩的做法提供联邦政府基金资助。因为现行的联邦法律已经禁止联邦基金用于制造研究用的胚胎(人类后代出生前的最早阶段)或有意识地危及胚胎的生命,所以NBAC在胚胎研究这一问题上将保持沉默。NBAC members also indicated that they will appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer. NBAC的成员明确表示,他们将呼吁受私人基金资助的研究人员和诊所不要尝试通过人体细胞核转移来克隆人。But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning. Shapiro and most members favored an appeal for such legislation, but in a phone interview, he said this issue was still “up in the air.”但他们在是否进一步要求联邦立法强令完全禁止克隆人这一问题上存在分歧。夏皮罗和大多数委员赞成将此立法,但在电话采访中,他透露这一议题仍“悬而未决”。试题:51. We can learn from the first paragraph that.[A] federal funds have been used in a project to clone humans[B] the White House responded strongly to the news of cloning[C] NBAC was authorized to control the misuse of cloning technique[D] the White House has got the panel’s recommendations on cloning52. The panel agreed on all of the following except that.[A] the ban on federal funds for human cloning should be made a law[B] the cloning of human DNA is not to be put under more control[C] it is criminal to use private funding for human cloning[D] it would be against ethical values to clone a human being53. NBAC will leave the issue of embryo research undiscussed because_.[A] embryo research is just a current development of cloning[B] the health of the child is not the main concern of embryo research[C] an embryo’s life will not be endangered in embryo research[D] the issue is explicitly stated and settled in the law54. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that.[A] some NBAC members hesitate to ban human cloning completely[B] a law banning human cloning is to be passed in no time[C] privately funded researchers will respond positively to NBAC’s appeal[D] the issue of human cloning will soon be settled答案:B C D A
英语,一直是考研学子们最先接触的一门学科,毕竟考研英语的难度比四六级和我们平时接触的英语要难很多,所以笨鸟先飞,提早接触来增加自己的胜算。小编建议同学们可以将英语分为三个板块:阅读、作文和翻译,分成三个板块之后进行针对性的练习,这样就可以让自己的复习更加有节奏。英语阅读阅读作为考研英语的重头戏,阅读部分的成败,决定了我们英语成绩的高低,更严重的也许会影响我们考研的最终结果。我们做题的时候,第一步先要辨认出哪些题目是细节题,然后就要套用专用于解决细节题的答题套路了。我们要做的第一步是定位。我们首先要根据题干所提示的信息,把每道题目对应到文章的相应位置中去,然后通读全句,找到我们在辨析的过程中找到的细节,包括因果关系、转折关系在内,以及作者的观点态度,进行分析,找到答案。小伙伴们在找到答案之后,一定要记得把选出来的答案重新带入到文章中去读一下,看看是不是符合原文章上下文的语境,在表达方式上可能有出入,但是表达的北荣不能与原文内容相左。作文对于作文,主要是靠做阅读考研试题进行一些积累,同时在复习时,每周写一篇考研作文考研试题,不要在乎时间,写的时候可以参考自己积累的表达素材,写完后反复进行修改,看有没有可以写得更好、更地道的地方,或者想想同样的意思能不能换个表达方式,名词、形容词、动词能不能用地更准确、恰当。小作文它对写作的语句要求不是很高,并不需要多么高的写作水准和过于华丽的词语,只要意思表达清楚和格式规范就可以了。英语是一个积累的过程,并不是考前临时背几个句子,多记几个高级词汇就可以准备好的。并且,即便是脑子记住几个好的句子,但是句意不对题目的话,还是有可能“哑”在考研英语写作上。考研写作既是良言美句的堆砌,也需要连贯的逻辑和设计文章整体架构的意识。翻译在考研英语中,翻译所占得分值虽然很小,但是它考核的方面还是很全面的,它要求你灵活的运用单词、语法和长难句。在考试的时候,不要怕麻烦,现在草稿纸上誊抄一份,第一遍翻译之后,先检查有没有单词和语病的错误,及时修改并根据文章意义和汉语结构进行调整。调整之后再誊抄在句子上,这样还保持了卷面的美观和整洁。
考研英语总分100分,阅读部分分传统阅读理解和新题型,前者共4篇文章,每篇5道题,共计40分;后者5道题,总计10分。真可谓考研英语得阅读者得天下。因此,掌握合理的学习方法和技巧,对于我们的考研英语复习是非常重要的。我的考研英语阅读做法真题资料:考研真相 英语阅读视频资料:何凯文英语阅读我英语考的是英语一,我用的真题资料是考研真相,据说考英语二的话,有同系列的资料,叫考研圣经。我的阅读做题方法是通过看何凯文老师的视频资料学习的。他的方法是,拿到一篇英语阅读之后,做下面的工作:标题型:对一篇阅读的5道题辨别题型,区分是细节题、例证题还是推论题等等;标段落、定句数、定出处:对一篇文章标段落,统计每个段落有几句话,然后查看每道题的出处(所在的段落,题型中的关键词定位题型的来源句),比如咱们拿一篇真题阅读的题型设置来看一下具体的做法,这篇阅读共有4个段落:1.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____2.The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____3.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____4.According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species in______5.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______注:关键词我已画了下划线首先,通过第3个题,提示你这道题来自第三段,这样我们再通过关键词(画横线部分)来确定这道题来自于第三段具体的那一句;既然第三题来自第三段,我们可以估计第1、2题应该来自第一、二段,第4、5题应该来自第三、四段,之后就可以通过每一题的关键词来确定具体是哪一段的第几句话——这样做的好处是缩小做题搜索答案的范围。图片来自网络因题制宜:根据不同的题型,采取不同的做题方法来做题(下述)。在看了何老师的阅读题视频之后,我就开始用考研真相做题了,结果发现考研真相的阅读题解析方式和何老师的如出一辙,之后就没在看视频,专心按照考研真相的解析模式来边做边理解了。考研英语阅读的题型及解决办法例证题:例子定位,找到例子支持的论点或者主题句,读懂主题句词汇题:定位词汇题在第几句,然后将几个选项带入语句,确定最终答案细节题:定位细节题所在的具体段落、具体句数,仔细阅读确定答案推理题:需要结合整段甚至是几个段落联合得出答案。图片源自网络除了以上的题型还有观点题、态度题、判断题和指代题等题型。我现在只能按照自己的记忆说出一些大概,具体大家可以参考何老师的阅读视频或者考研真相的资料来学习。个人感觉这种方法还是很不错的,可能刚开始比较难把握,但只要勤应用会慢慢掌握的。通过这个方法我的英语阅读水平现在得到了很大的提升除了阅读方法之外,词汇量也是很重要的一步,因此也需要掌握科学的方法来提高自己的单词量,记单词的过程重点在于重复。
#考研英语#图片来源:网络考研英语翻译练习4:Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.句子结构分析-在每个启示之前,当时的许多思想家还是沿用了古老的思维方式,包括以地球是宇宙中心的地心说观点。 -在每个真理揭示之前,当时的许多思想家还是沿用了古老的思维方式,包括以地球是宇宙中心的地心说观点。在翻译的时候,有几点要注意:状语前置。即翻译时,at the time 放到前面。分词作后置定语,比较长,可以顺译。图片来源:网络单词、短语:revelation —— 天启,圣经,(圣经中的)《启示录》;暴露真相;泄露消息;揭发;意外的发现(新事、新经验)*revolution —— 革命;大变革;巨变sustain —— 支持;支撑;遭受;证实;使保持;使稳定持续geocentric —— 以地球为中心的[原创作品,欢迎分享、点赞、评论,请勿转载]
原文+译文:Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments.实际上,科学的进步依赖于做实验,但更依赖于实验的观察者(即做实验的人)有所准备的头脑。Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple.据说艾萨克·牛顿爵士是从苹果落地现象中发现了万有引力。Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets.多少个世纪以来,许多地方一直都有苹果落到地面,成千上万的人也都看过苹果落地。但多年来只有牛顿一直对月球和行星沿轨道运行的起因感到好奇。What kept them in place? Why didn’t they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.是什么使它们保持在现在的位置?它们为什么不从天上掉下来?苹果向下落到地面而不向上飞到树上,这一事实回答了他长期以来一直对天空中更大的“果实”——月球和行星所存有的疑问。How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree?多少人会考虑过苹果向上飞到树上的可能性呢?Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. His mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research.牛顿这样做了,因为他不想对任何事情进行预测。他只是怀有好奇心。他的头脑在准备思考不可预测的事。不可预测性是科学研究的一个基本特征。If you don’t have unpredictable things, you don’t have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals, but history is filled with examples of it.如果没有不可预测现象的产生就无所谓科学研究了。科学家们在为学术刊物撰写呆板的例行报告时往往会忘记这一点,而历史上这样的例子却比比皆是。In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the “scientific method” a substitute for imaginative thought.在和一些科学家,特别是年轻科学家交谈时,你可能会有这样一种印象:他们认为“科学方法”可以代替创造性思维。I’ve attended research conferences where a scientist has been asked what he thinks about the advisability of continuing a certain experiment.我出席过一些科研会议,会上有人问一位科学家继续某项实验是否是明智之举。The scientist has frowned, looked at the graphs, and said “the data are still inconclusive.”那位科学家皱了皱眉,又看了看图表,然后说:“数据还是不够确定。”“We know that,” the men from the budget office have said, “but what do you think? Is it worthwhile going on? What do you think we might expect?” The scientist has been shocked at having even been asked to speculate.预算部门的人说:“这点我们知道,但你的意见如何?你觉得值得做下去吗?你觉得我们可以期待什么呢?”这位科学家感到很震惊,他没有料到人们会让他做出预测。What this amounts to, of course, is that the scientist has become the victim of his own writings.当然,这几乎等于说:这位科学家成了自己所写报告的受害者。He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced instrial and business management that they are true.他所提出的种种论断是如此不容置疑、如此一致,以至于不仅他自己相信了,而且也说服了工商界的管理者相信其正确性。If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to proce results measurable in dollars and cents.假如科学实验像科学杂志报告显示的那样完全按事先的计划去规划和实施,那么,对管理层来说,期待研究能够产生可用美元、美分衡量的结果是完全合理的。It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.审计人员也完全有理由相信,确切知道自己的目标并知道如何实现这一目标的科学家们根本没必要分心:用一只眼盯着现金计数器的同时,用另一只眼睛盯着显微镜。Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team.”如果像他们的论文所反映的那样,科学家渴望规律性和与某种标准模式的一致性,那么管理人员歧视研究人员中的“标新立异者”,而赞赏“善于合作”的具有传统思维模式的人,也就是无可指摘的。试题:51. The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that.[A] inquiring minds are more important than scientific experiments[B] science advances when fruitful researches are concted[C] scientists seldom forget the essential nature of research[D] unpredictability weighs less than prediction in scientific research52. The author asserts that scientists.[A] shouldn’t replace “scientific method” with imaginative thought[B] shouldn’t neglect to speculate on unpredictable things[C] should write more concise reports for technical journals[D] should be confident about their research findings53. It seems that some young scientists.[A] have a keen interest in prediction[B] often speculate on the future[C] think highly of creative thinking[D] stick to “scientific method”54. The author implies that the results of scientific research.[A] may not be as profitable as they are expected[B] can be measured in dollars and cents[C] rely on conformity to a standard pattern[D] are mostly underestimated by management答案:A B D A
不知不觉时间过得飞快,现在已经快到6月底了,大家的考研英语都复习到哪个阶段了呢?各位2021考研的同学们都开始做真题了吗?作为考研复习备考战线最长的英语复习,很多同学都非常迷茫,有些不知所措,我们到底该怎么做才能提高英语成绩呢?今天小编就给大家分享一个关于如何使用英语真题这一块的复习方法,如果你也觉得自己刷题没效果,可以看看这篇文章参考一下吧~考研英语阅读错很多,刷真题怎么才算有效?不要一次把四篇阅读题全部写完,这样你会觉得非常吃力的。小编给大家的建议是,不要想着一次吃一个大胖子,对待英语真题,应该是进行分步骤学习的:①每天下午2点开始,拿出一套阅读理解真题其中的一篇,掐表做题,每一篇阅读大概十五分钟做完,写题的时候全神贯注,不能查字典翻生词。把答案用白纸写下来,不要写在试卷上。②写完之后不要立马对答案,拿一个专门的本子,把全文当中,一眼看过去不认识的生词找出来,查出生词的含义。③根据你查的生词含义,2按文章段落,用笔去翻译这篇阅读文章,简单的句子不用翻译,其他不能一下子翻译出来的句子,一定要动笔翻译中文在纸上。④翻译的时候要给句子标上序号,当然,遇到一些比较难的段落、翻译不出来的地方空着,当然为了节省时间,大家不用再去抄写英文原句,只要翻译出中文即可。⑤等翻译完成后,对照试卷上给出的翻译进行对照,自己是否有错误,看看有哪些地方自己没有翻译出来、或者是有不通顺的地方,要赶紧进行修改,把不足的地方标注下来。改正完以后要多读几遍,不断调整语序,力求做到让自己的中文翻译流畅通顺。⑥把自己翻译错误的句子多读几遍,每天多看看。遮盖住中文解析,一段一段进行口译这篇文章,把文章彻底吃透。⑦仔细再做一遍5个选择,翻译完整篇阅读以后,再去修改自己的选项。看看有没有可以纠错的地方。⑧对照答案纠错,看看自己的5个选择题对了几个、错误了几个,看阅读真题解析,正确的解法和思路是怎样的,自己在什么地方上出了错,是因为单词不认识,还是“过度推断”等原因导致自己出错?是什么原因错的?一定要弄清楚。⑨可以根据这个题目或者选项的分类,做上标签,这样后期你会知道自己哪一类型的题目容易出错,利于以后分类进行针对性练习。在做错的题目旁边标注自己做错的原因,这样后期你会发现自己做阅读时的很多共通毛病。⑩根据艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线表格,每隔一段时候回来再看看,这篇文章可以按照半个月后、一个月后等周期来回顾,免得忘记。花费大量时间去翻译,真的有用吗?很多人可能会觉得花费大量时间去翻译原文很浪费时间,如果你这样想就错了。考研英语的阅读、翻译、完形,其实都是一脉相承的,你理解了阅读自然也很容易做对其他题目。而你如果不能做到正确翻译全文,你又怎么能做对选项呢?可能有的同学会说,那阅读技巧不重要吗?大家不要着急,一点一点来,所有的长难句都是由简单句组合而来,等翻译完所有真题文章以后,你的词汇量会有很大的提升,所以掌握每个句子的语法知识,后面碰到长难句才不会懵。那个时候再去攻克阅读的解题技巧,会更利于调配时间。