考研预测英语

考研是面向几百万考生的选拔性考试，其难度一般是有规律的。通过往年统计数据，我们可以从中预测考研的难度趋势，让自己在接下来的复习中更有针对性，也更有底气。教育部考试中心9月出版了2021考研政治、英语、数学及部分统考专业课的《考试分析》，考试要考察的各项能力要求在《考试分析》里都有说明及题型示例。除此之外，《考试分析》中也有对试题难度数据的分析和近年考试原题的答案及详细解析。今天，我们根据《考试分析》给大家整理了一篇2020考研英语、政治、数学的平均分分析，我们来预测一下21/22考研初试成绩得达到多少分，才能上岸不愁吧~英语：难度可能会有所增加根据《2021高教版 全国硕士研究生招生考试 英语（一）、英语（二）考试分析（非英语专业）》，18考研-20考研的英语平均分数已公布。1.英语一平均分及题型难度比较英语一近3年的平均分分别为48.61，48.59，49.15，变动不大。难度也基本维持在0.48上下，标准差、α信度变动不大。在各题型的难度比较上，完形填空略有提升，阅读理解和写作难度基本没有变化。【21/22趋势预测】2020考研英语一平均分比2019略高，按照这个情况，21/22考研英语应该是要稍微难一点点，把平均分拉回48分附近。今年大家备考英语还是要提高警惕，做好心理准备。②英语二平均分及题型难度比较英语二的平均分能够很明显的看出最近三年的波动情况，2019年题目相对偏难，造成了平均分只有52.66，然而2018年和2020年，平均分都是在55分多。【21/22趋势预测】可以预见的是2021考研英语二难度会增加，平均分会下降。总体来说2021年考英语二的同学压力应该还是挺大的，不过大家也不要太紧张，按部就班好好学就行了。数学：变数依旧很大大家都说2020数学真题难，那么教育部的评价是什么样的呢？20数学难出新高度，官方考试分析中明确指出：考生对概念和性质的掌握流于形式，并没有掌握实质。考点还是原来的考点，只是表现形式较为新颖，导致绝大部分考生看不出考点。紧接着，官方给出了对于难度比较客观的评价：对于得分率低的分析，教育部给出两个方向，一方面可能是题目有问题，这样的话会调整命题思路，另一方面是说学生没有达到要求。【21/22趋势预测】按照出题一般是一年简单一年难的情况，2021考研应该是难度会下降，但是伴随着题型变化，而且又是疫情年，今年依然是变数很大的一年，我们只能寄希望于自己的努力付出也能遇到合适的题目，现在只能说，还有时间，大家继续努力。政治：平均分在57-60之间政治18年-20年数据官方并未公布，考试分析中也没有具有参考价值的内容，18年之前考研政治数据大家也可以看看：从近几年的数据来看，政治的平均分在57-60分之间。政治是一门回报率很高的学科，只要花了时间（找对方法），拿高分并不难。你要保证马原拿到15分、毛中特拿到25分、史纲10分、思修法基12分、时政及当代8分以上，你就能有一个非常不错的政治分数了。所以，从10月中旬到11月中旬，可以一边过选择题知识点，一边刷冲刺试卷检查自己的不足哦~21考研初试倒计时69天，仅剩两个多月时间，一起加油、努力鸭！【END】关注我们，考研之路，不负梦想，不负星光，不负前行！

考研还有几天，大家应该比我记得清楚吧因为大家都数着日子过来的，真的是日日都辛苦啊再坚持下，马上就是胜利了今天给大家带来十篇星火英语的押题预测作文，大家一定要背下来，坚持住，因为眼前就是胜利了。答应我，一定要背下来~预祝大家都能披荆斩棘，金榜题名！考研英语分为大作文和小作文，这些都是英语必考的内容。所以以下是5篇大作文和5片小作文。大作文预测1Directions： Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) point out the possible effect, and3) give your comments.【审题谋篇】 本题为提纲图画式作文。因此，图画、文字和提供的提纲都是不可忽视的审题要素。从题目要求看，需要写一篇160词~200词的短文。这幅图画比较容易描述：在一场考试中，一个男孩遇到自己不会的题，就回头抄袭同学的试卷。画面的表层含义是考试中有些学生为取得好成绩抄袭他人的答案。考试作弊会给社会带来哪些负面影响呢？首先，考试作弊会导致不公平竞争。其次，考试成绩不能客观公正地反映每个学生的真实水平，使考试失去了应有的作用,极大地影响了教学质量的提高。进一步发挥的话，考生可以联想到近几年来，随着社会上“文凭热”的升温，考试成绩成了衡量学生的唯一标准。为了在关乎人生前途的考试中取得好成绩，许多学生铤而走险，不惜挑战自己的道德底线，甚至触犯法律，这是当代教育的一大悲哀。按照题目给出的提纲，第一段需要对图画内容进行简要描述，以描写为主；第二段揭示图画反映的深刻内涵，并从三方面分析考试作弊的负面影响；第三段给出该问题的解决方法。【参考范文】Cheating on ExaminationsThe picture presented above shows us the problem of cheating on examinations. A boy cannot answer some questions in an examination, so he chooses to copy the answers of others in order to get a high score.What is conveyed in the drawing is thought-provoking and should arouse wide social concern. Cheating on examinations has negative impacts on the society. Firstly, it will result in unfair competition. Secondly, it will make students lazier and lazier. If they can get a high grade easily by cheating, they won't take pains to study ring the regular class. Thirdly, the students who graate from school by means of cheating won't be qualified for the future jobs.As far as I am concerned, effective measures should be taken in order to stop cheating on examinations. For one thing, severe punishments should be concted to prevent students from cheating. For another, students should understand the purpose and significance of examinations. Only in this way can we create a reasonable examination system and cultivate really qualified talents.【参考译文】考试作弊上面的图片向我们反映的是考试作弊问题。一个男孩在一次考试中有几道题不会，所以他为了得高分就选择抄袭其他同学的答案。图片反映的问题发人深省，应当引起广泛的社会关注。考试作弊对社会有负面影响。首先，它会导致不公平竞争。其次，考试作弊会使学生越来越懒。如果学生通过作弊就可以轻松取得好成绩，他们平时上课就不会努力学习。第三，那些以作弊为手段得以毕业的学生不会胜任将来的工作。就我而言，我们应该采取有效措施来阻止考试作弊。一方面，我们应该实行严厉的惩罚以阻止考生作弊。另一方面，考生应该明白考试的目的和重要性。只有这样，我们才能建立一个合理的考试制度，才能培育出真正合格的人才。大作文预测2Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.【审题谋篇】 本题为提纲图画式作文。因此，图画和提供的提纲都是不可忽视的审题要素。从题目要求看，需要写一篇160词~200词的短文。图片中白发苍苍的老人与电脑屏幕上打开的网页相映成趣，操作着电脑并浏览网页的老人露出了笑容。图片很直观，但是引起的思考却是多方面的。例如：老年人乐于接受新鲜事物、勇于挑战自我。有人认为老年人故步自封、害怕改变、不喜欢接受新鲜事物，然而，图中的画面否定了他们的看法，老年人不仅勇于接受新事物，而且乐在其中。这一点很值得我们年轻人学习。按照题目给出的提纲，第一段需要对图画内容进行简要描述，以描写为主；第二段需要揭示图画反映的深刻内涵：老年人不仅愿意接受新事物，而且还从中获得了快乐；第三段给出个人的评论：全社会要采取有效措施来满足老年人的需求。【参考范文】Senior People Surfing OnlineThe picture presents us a very interesting scene, in which two senior citizens are surfing online with a smile of contentment. Contrary to them, the unsatisfactory and anxious look on the third senior citizen, waiting for her turn, catches more attention and arouses laughter among the viewers.However, what the picture conveys goes far beyond a fashion trend that the senior citizens are keen on surfing on the Internet which is supposed to be too complicated and advanced for the senior. A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that the senior stick stubbornly to the old fashion and are reluctant to engage in learning new things. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that the senior are not only open to new things but also deriving delight from them, as is shown in the picture. The pioneer spirit exhibited by the senior vividly embodies the old yet righteous saying, “One is never too old to learn.”Realizing their interest in surfing online, the whole society should take effective measures to cater to their needs, such as ensuring their access to computers, providing lessons about basic knowledge or developing software suitable for senior citizens. Only when the senior are satisfied with their life materially and mentally can a conclusion be reached that we are on the right track to build a harmonious society.【参考译文】老年人上网冲浪图片给我们展示了一幅十分有趣的画面：两位老年人正在上网冲浪，脸上露出心满意足的微笑。与她们相反，另一位老人排队等着上网，脸上不满、焦急的表情更引人注意，不禁让人失笑。然而，图片所要表现的不仅仅是老年人热衷于上网冲浪的时尚潮流。人们一般认为上网对老年人来说太复杂、太先进。很多人存在这样的误解，认为老年人固守陈规、不愿意学习新事物。显然，他们似乎没有考虑到这一基本事实：正如图片中表现的，老年人不仅愿意接受新事物，而且还从中获得了快乐。这些老年人身上展现出来的先锋精神生动地体现了那句很有道理的古老谚语：“活到老，学到老。”认识到了老年人对上网冲浪的兴趣，全社会应该采取有效措施满足他们的需求。例如：保证他们能用得上电脑，开办课程教授基本的电脑知识或者开发适合老年人的软件等。只有当老年人的生活在物质上和精神上都得到满足，才可以说我们走在建设和谐社会的正轨上。大作文预测3Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following table. In your essay, you should1) describe the table briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.各类院校毕业生初次求职成功的渠道求职渠道【审题谋篇】 本题为提纲图表式作文。图表展现了各类院校毕业生初次求职成功的渠道。图表中，211院校的学生通过校园招聘会求职成功的较多，而非211院校和高职高专的学生则更多是通过朋友亲戚提供的信息求职成功的。由图表分析的结果可以看出，211院校的毕业生在就业市场享有更大的优先权。这种情况主要是由企业对名校毕业生的盲目追求造成的，也就是用人单位在招聘时存在偏见。按照题目给出的提纲，第一段需要对图表展示的内容进行描述并分析；第二段揭示图表的内涵，并对产生这种现象的原因进行分析；第三段总结全文，并适当提出建议。【参考范文】Channels of Graates to Get the First Job OfferAs we can see in the table, 30% graates from 211 Project colleges get their first job offers from the recruitment meeting sponsored by the college. While for non-211 Project college graates, the principal channel of obtaining their first job offers is the information provided by their friends and relatives, accounting for 20%.The data in the table can be interpreted as follows: Graates from 211 Project colleges have more priority in job market over graates from non-211 Project colleges. As a matter of fact, this has long been a distinguishing feature in China's college graates recruitment. There are two reasons for this phenomenon. First of all, most Chinese companies specially have an interest in graates from famous colleges, so they often go to recruitment meeting organized by these colleges to seek talents. That is why many students from these colleges could get their first job offers there. Moreover, many employers clearly declare that they will never consider graates from schools other than 211 Project colleges, so the students from non-211 Project colleges actually have been eliminated at the very beginning. This makes these students discriminated against and even offended. They have no solution but to seek help from their friends and relatives in job hunting. On the whole, there are biased opinions of employers when they recruiting college graates.Taking into account all of these factors, the current situation of college graates recruitment does not comply with the consist talent policies of our country. To solve the problem, the employers should abandon their preconceptions and make feasible employment standards.【参考译文】大学毕业生得到第一份工作的渠道从表格中可以看出，211院校的毕业生中有30%的人在学校招聘会上初次求职成功。然而，非211院校的学生获得第一份工作的主要渠道是朋友和亲戚提供的信息，占20%。我们可以这样理解表格中的数据：和非211院校的毕业生相比，211院校的毕业生在就业市场享有更大的优先权。实际上，这一直是中国大学生就业市场的一个特色。有两点原因可以解释这一现象。首先，大部分中国公司都对名校毕业生感兴趣，所以他们往往会直接去这些院校组织的招聘会上寻求人才。这也是为什么很多这些学校的学生可以在那里获得第一份工作的原因。再者，很多用人单位明确表示不会考虑非211院校的毕业生，因此这些非名校毕业生从一开始就被排除了。这种做法让这些学生颇受歧视甚至冒犯。他们没有办法，找工作的时候只能求助于朋友和亲属。总的来说，用人单位在招毕业生的时候是有偏见的。　　考虑到上述原因，大学生招聘市场的现状并不符合我国一贯的人才政策。要解决这个问题，用人单位应该摒弃成见，制订可行的用人标准。大作文预测4Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.【审题谋篇】 本题为提纲图画式作文。审题时我们需要注意图画、文字和提供的提纲。从题目要求看，需要写一篇160词~200词的短文。图画中有两个年轻人，一个书包上插着“科班”旗子的年轻人在爬梯子，一步步地爬到塔顶，拿到了自己想要的“文凭”，成材了；另外一个书包上插着“自学”旗子的年轻人没有梯子，只能靠绳子一步步地往上爬，最后也到达了塔顶，成材了。图画深层次的内涵是：自学完全可以成才。需要注意的是，并不能因为自学可以成才就完全否认大学的作用，所以可以适当地提一下大学教育的好处，然后再将话题转回到自学上，指出自学也是成才的途径之一。最好的论证方式就是举出实例来，这方面的实例很多，文字中提到的比尔·盖茨就是最好的例子之一。按照题目给出的提纲，第一段需要对图画和文字内容进行简要描述；第二段揭示图画深层次的内涵：大学教育并非成功的唯一途径，通过自学也可以成功，并实例论证；第三段重申观点，对全文进行总结。【参考范文】Be a Self-Taught TalentThe college called the ivory tower is a place full of dream and hope, but climbing this tower is not an easy job, as there is only one ladder. What if one didn't get the chance to touch the ladder? Would he be deprived of the chance to realize his dream? We can see from the picture that in addition to the ladder, rope can also help the climber fulfill his dream.College ecation is thought to be crucial in the path to success, so the famous universities with top teachers and research resources are more admired by applicants. Though important, college ecation is not indispensable to success. I believe that one can also be well-learned outside the college. Bill Gates didn't finish his ecation in Harvard, but nobody would now judge him by his lack of college diploma. Edison also told us that without the assistance of college, life itself can also become an advanced institution of learning. We can become professional through self-ecation.I'm sure the college ecation is not the only way to success and most of the useful knowledge comes from the great source outside the college. The key to success lies in whether you want to improve yourself through continuous learning.【参考译文】自学成才被称作象牙塔的大学是一个充满着梦想和希望的地方，但是要爬上这座塔并不简单，因为梯子只有一个。如果一个人连接近梯子的机会都没有将会怎样？他是否就被剥夺了实现梦想的机会？从图片我们可以看出，除了梯子，绳子也能助攀爬者实现梦想。人们认为大学教育是走向成功的重要因素，所以拥有优秀师资和研究资源的名牌大学更受申请者的青睐。尽管大学教育很重要，但并不意味着没有它就不能成功。我认为不上大学也能成为博学的人。比尔·盖茨不曾完成他在哈佛的学业，但是现在绝不会有人用没有大学文凭来评价他。爱迪生也告诉我们，就算没有大学的帮助，生活自身也能成为一所学习的高等院校。我们可以通过自学成为专业的人才。我确信，大学教育不是通往成功的唯一途径，大多数有用的知识来源于大学之外的丰富资源。成功的关键就在于你是否愿意通过不断学习来提升自己。大作文预测5Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.【审题谋篇】 本题为提纲图画式作文，审题时要注意图画、图画中的文字和提供的提纲。从题目要求看，需要写一篇160词~200词的短文。图片中，一个身上写满“人”字的怪兽正用“人”字型的大口对着我们的地球，时刻准备着要把它吞下。图片所传达的信息一目了然：人口大爆炸是全世界人民将要面临的巨大问题。写作时，可以首先分析其原因，即医学的发展、科技的进步和生活条件的提高延长了人类的寿命，但这同时也带来了危机：地球资源的消耗加快、许多物种面临灭绝，甚至人类也无法逃脱最终的厄运。分析了问题及其会产生的后果以后，提出解决问题的办法也是文中需要提到的。按照题目给出的提纲，第一段要简要描述图画内容；第二段分析人口增长的趋势、原因及其危害；第三段客观总结全文并提出可能的解决方法。【参考范文】The Explosion of PopulationThe earth we live on is very vulnerable, and it is under the threat of ozone hole, energy depletion and so on. The picture shows us the explosion of population is also a monster that is ready to swallow the earth at any time.The world population hit 7 billion several years ago. To make things worse, the number still keeps growing and may reach 8 billion before 2040, according to a new estimate. Now we are in an era of population explosion. Progress in science, the emergence of modern medicine and the improvement of living conditions lead to the rapid growth of the world population. The population explosion also brings many problems, such as insufficient housing, food shortage, and the environmental deterioration. Human beings are not the only victim of these problems. Wild species are becoming extinct 50 to 100 times faster than they naturally would because of the impact of rapid population growth and increased population density in many countries. Though population growth is slowing worldwide, more than 90 percent of current growth occurs in the developing world where needs are great but resources are scarce.The problem of population explosion is the trigger for many other disasters, so we should pay great attention to it. Campaigns should be launched to raise the awareness of family planning, environment safeguarding and population control.【参考译文】　人口爆炸我们生存的地球非常脆弱，它还饱受诸如臭氧空洞、能源枯竭等各种问题的威胁。图片所展示的是人口爆炸也会像一只怪兽，准备随时吞下我们的地球。几年前，地球的总人口就突破了70亿。更糟糕的是，据最新估测,这个数字还在不断增长，并且可能在2040年之前达到80亿。我们现在处在一个人口爆炸的时代。造成全球人口快速增长的原因有科技的进步、现代医学的出现和生活条件的改善等。人口大爆炸也带来了很多问题，如住房不足、食物短缺和环境恶化。人类并不是这些问题的唯一受害者。由于人口的快速增长和不少国家人口密度增加，野生动物的灭绝速度是自然情况下的50至100倍。虽然全球范围内人口增长正在减速，但是目前超过90%的增长是在需求极大但资源匮乏的发展中国家。人口爆炸问题是其他很多灾难的导火索，所以我们一定要高度重视。我们应开展各种活动增强人们对于计划生育、保护环境和控制人口增长的认识。小作文预测1Directions: Write a letter of about 100 words to Professor Smith, inviting him to give a speech in your university from December 27 to December 30.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)【审题谋篇】 从本题所给的信息可以判断，这里要求考生写一封邀请信。邀请信的内容为邀请史密斯教授来校做一次演讲。本题给出的信息是：写信的对象（Mr. Smith）、写信的内容（inviting him to give a speech in your university）以及写信人（Li Ming）。根据题目要求，首先要点明写信目的，即邀请史密斯教授来校做一次演讲；接着具体介绍关于演讲的相关事宜，包括时间、地点以及演讲主题；最后指出期待对方的尽快答复。【参考范文】Dear Professor Smith,On behalf of Peking University, I take great pleasure to invite you to visit our university from December 27 to December 30, 2018. During your visit to our university, we look forward to your academic presentations and the exchanges of ideas about ecation and science. Furthermore, we can discuss the possibility of establishing a cooperative relationship between our two universities.Please inform us at your earliest convenience so that we can make appropriate arrangements for your visit.We are looking forward to hearing from you. Sincerely yours，Li Ming小作文预测2Directions: You missed meeting your friends John and Tina yesterday. Write John a letter to1）make an apology, and2) suggest a solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)【审题谋篇】从本题所给的信息可以判断，本次小作文要求考生写一封道歉信。道歉信的内容为向朋友道歉。本题给出的信息是：写信的对象（John）、写信的内容（to make an apology and suggest a solution）以及写信人（Li Ming）。根据题目要求，首先要点明写信目的，即因为自己昨天没有按时赴约道歉；接着具体介绍没有赴约的原因并提出补救措施；最后指出期待对方的尽快答复。【参考范文】Dear John,I am writing to apologize for my missing meeting you and Tina yesterday. I know that you must be very disappointed. The fact is that my manager at the last moment asked me to attend a meeting so I could not get to a phone to call you and yesterday I worked late until about 8:30 p.m. I am terribly sorry.However, I would like to ask you two out this weekend for another get-together to make up for my fault. How about 3:00 p.m. this Saturday at Jenny's Coffee?I am waiting for your early reply.Yours,Li Ming小作文预测3Directions: You are a college student in Peking University. You want to get more information of the internship program of ***Company. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them more about the internship. You should specify what information you want to get.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)【审题谋篇】从本题所给的信息可以判断，本次小作文要求考生写一封询问信。询问信的内容为向某公司相关部门询问有关一个实习项目的更多信息。本题给出的信息是：写信的对象（the department concerned）、写信的内容（asking them more about an internship program）以及写信人（Li Ming）。根据题目要求，首先要点明写信目的，即询问该公司一个实习项目的相关信息；接着进行简洁的自我介绍并具体指出想知道哪些方面的信息，如申请步骤、实习期有多长、实习期有没有工资以及如果表现优秀能否转正；最后指出期待对方的尽快答复并表示感谢。【参考范文】Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing this letter in the hope that you can provide me with some information about the internship program of your company.I am presently majoring in Marketing in Peking University and wish to seek an opportunity to take part in the internship program of your company. Please inform me of the application proceres for admission. In addition, I should be very obliged to you if you would kindly furnish me with the details concerning how long the internship program will last and whether an intern will get paid and be granted the opportunity to be a formal employee if he performs excellently.I am looking forward to a reply at your early convenience. Thank you!Yours sincerely,Li Ming小作文预测4Directions: You have worked in a Non-Governmental Organization for several years, but now you have to quit the job because you are moving to another city with your family. Write a letter to your boss Mr. Smith to tell him your decision and reasons.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)【审题谋篇】从本题所给的信息可以判断，本次小作文要求考生写一封辞职信。辞职信的内容为向老板提出辞职并解释原因。本题给出的信息是：写信的对象（Mr. Smith）、写信的内容（to tell your boss you have to quit your job because you are moving to another city with your family）以及写信人（Li Ming）。根据题目要求，首先要点明写信目的，即遗憾地向老板提出下个月即将离开单位；接着解释离职的主要原因是自己将要和家人一起去另一个城市，并指出在工作期间自己得到了很多帮助，收获很多；最后表达自己的感激和遗憾。【参考范文】Dear Mr. Smith,I am sorry to inform you by this letter that I plan to resign my present job next month. The main reason is that I will move to Qing to live permanently with my family, as Qing is my hometown.Looking back upon my five-year experience in this organization, I have had a very happy and enjoyable time working with you and other colleagues, from whom I have received lots of help and have learnt much.Please accept my sincere gratitude as well as my regret for not being able to serve here any longer.Yours faithfully,Li Ming小作文预测5Directions: You are supposed to write for the Postgraates' Association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization. The notice should include the basic qualifications for applicants and other information which you think is necessary.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use “Postgraates' Association” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)【审题谋篇】 从本题所给的信息可以判断，这里要求考生写一则通知。该通知的目的是招募关于全球化问题的国际会议的志愿者。本题给出的信息是：通知的发出单位（the Postgraates' Association）、通知的目的（to recruit volunteers for an international conference）和通知的内容（the basic qualifications for applicants and other information which you think is necessary）。本则通知可以分三部分展开：开篇点明通知的主题；接下来强调该会议的重要性并阐述志愿者应具备的基本素质；最后说明应征的方式，并表示对应征者的欢迎。【参考范文】Volunteers WantedTen volunteers are currently needed for an international conference to be held in the coming winter vacation. This conference is about the “double impacts” imposed by globalization, and great importance is attached to the conference by the government.The applicants are required to speak English fluently. Those who can speak another foreign language such as French or Japanese are preferable. Besides, the applicants are expected to be collaborative and ready to give a helping hand whenever needed. The volunteers will be provided with free meals and accommodation.If you are interested, please send your resume and application letter to the e-mail address: postgraatesassociation@sina.com.We are looking forward to your participation.Postgraates' Association大家可以打印下来加油，各位，你的将来一定会感谢，你今天的拼命。

【英语一大作文预测】1.传统美德：诚信（credibility），宽容（tolerance），乐于助人（accommodation），节俭（frugality），孝道（filial piety），外表美与心灵美（physical and spiritual beauty），利与义（interest and righteousness），和谐相处（harmonious coexistence）2.环境保护：雾霾（haze），低碳生活（low-carbon life style），人与自然和谐相处（harmonious relationship betweenman and nature）， 生态平衡（ecological balance），生态友好的（eco-friendly）3.科技与生活：人工智能（artificial intelligence），互联网（Internet），汽车与生活（vehicle and life），真实与虚拟（Cyber and reality）4.青（少）年成长与发展：梦想或者理想（dream/ideal），创业（build a business或者 the establishment of career），压力（pressure或者stress），奋斗不息（hard struggle without cease）5. 文化：文化融合（cultural integration），文化传承（cultural inheritance），文化传播（cultural transmission），文化冲突（cultural conflict）大作文可以分为三个主题方向，即正面主题（表达“主题重要”）、负面主题（表达“主题有害”）和争议主题（表达“主题是把双刃剑”，最后表明自己立场）。上面的所有预测都可以归为这三类中的某一类。重要提醒：作文主题词的预测无法保证100%预测准确，因此建议大家多关注各个老师的预测，并且多多掌握主题词。

2020年考研英语一到底有多难？通过考研英语能够上热搜，就可以知道，难度应该不低，有一个单词，就难倒了很多考生，这个单词就是renaissance（文艺复兴）。有同学居然将其当作人名，直接就给翻译了，很是好奇，不知道她翻译成了那个名字？有一位去年就考过的同学说：“很明显要比去年难很多，去年英语一我考了71分，提前半个小时就做完了，今年可能还需要多半个小时，才能够完美地做完这张卷子。估计，今年只能考65分。”英语一难，其中一个原因就是阅读理解四篇都是紧密结合热点，这让很多考生直呼受不了，新题型也不简单，可能最难的就是翻译吧，一个单词renaissance就难倒了很多考生。这两天，很多机构都公布了考研英语参考答案，不知道大家是否对了答案，进行了估分，如果有估分，我们可以参考最近10年分数线，看看能否过线？为了回答这个问题，首先需要了解考研国家线与单科线，国家线比较容易理解，类比高考分数线，就是进复试必须要达到的考研分数线。下面简单介绍下考研单科线。考研单科线考研单科线，分为两个，一个是满分=100分，另外一个是满分>100分的单科线。所以，很明显，满分=100分的考研科目只有英语和政治，所以，所谓的单科线（满分=100分），就是指英语与政治的最低分数线。具体如何划分，不得而知，但是，我们可以推测，应该是按照英语平均成绩来划分的，因为，与政治相比，英语要更难考一些，并且其平均分一般也要低于政治，所以，既然是划线，当然是以更难考的为准。不过，如果那一年，政治成绩比英语成绩普遍还低，那肯定又以政治为准来划线。总之，无论是以哪个科目为准划线，只要这个单科线被划分出来，对政治、英语同时起作用，任何一门达不到国家线，都意味着考研失败。那么，我们究竟能不能预测下2020年的英语单科线呢？如果想要预测2020年英语考多少分可以过线，首先要知道最近几年的英语（政治）单科线，所以，我们将2008年到2019年的考研A区学硕英语（政治）单科线进行了统计，统计结果如下表所示。通过统计表，我们发现，即使是同样100分满分的英语，不同专业的单科线差别还是比较大的，比如文学专业，单科线可以达到50多分，最近十年只有2014年是低于50分，只有45分，而2019年是51分，所以，2020年较2019年难一些，单科线再一次跌破50分，可能性还是比较大的。我们将以上表格中的数据，做一个统计直方图，我们就会发现，部分专业的分数线波动较大，比如文学、管理学等，而少部分专业分数线其实变化很小，比如工学、理学等。我们再从整体上来看，各个专业的单科分数线是否有什么规律可循？我们选择最近的2016年-2017年，2017年-2018年，2018年-2019年，将各个专业的分数线变化进行统计。统计结果见下表所示：通过以上统计，我们不难发现：即使是同一年，不同专业的分数线变化完全是不同的，有些增长，有些反而下降，没有什么规律可循，因为，影响考研分数线的因素较多，比如报考人数、招生计划、考试难度等因素。所以说，如果仅凭英语考试难度来预测国家单科线走势，其实，难度比较大，最起码对于某些专业来说，是这样。但是，我们也发现，分数线波动是有一个范围的，比如，2016年-2017年，最大的波动是2分，2-17年-2018年波动也是2分，只有去年波动范围较大，最大5分（除了照顾专业）。所以，我们可以预测，2019-2020年单科线，大部分专业变化依旧不会很大，不会有超过5分。并且，总体上，分数线可能保持不变或者呈现下降趋势，即使有个别专业会有所增加，但是，总体来说，大部分专业可能会下降0-5分，所以说，如果大家的估分成绩能够在去年的基础上，少0-5分，应该是可以过线的。主要有三个原因：我们已经知道，2020年英语一比较难，可以肯定的是要比2019年难。2018年-2019年分数线总体呈上升趋势，并且变化幅度较大，这主要是考研人数增加最多的原因。但是，这种变化不可能连续两年上升，这会让考生吃不消。2020年考研人数增加虽然没有2019年多，但是，依旧不少，所以对于单科线也会有影响，这个因素会导致分数线增加。所以说，基于以上三个原因，大部分专业的英语单科线可能会保持2019年分数线不变，或者在此基础上有所下降，但是，上升的可能性很小。最后，我们看看考研人数较多的工学专业的情况，将其单独做统计，我们可以发现，连续好几年都在下降，只有去年增长幅度较大，原因依然是考研人数大幅增加。2019年英语单科线是39分，所以说，基于以上三个原因，我们可以大胆预测下2020年工学专业的英语单科线会不会是35分呢？也就是说，会下降4分。那么，你对完答案估分在35分以上，那过线的可能性很大。以上，就是关于国家线以及英语单科线的一些简单介绍，同时也对英语单科线进行了粗略地预测，以上内容仅代表个人看法，仅供参考。最后，希望每一位同学英语都能够过线！

马上就要临近考试了，小伙伴们要不要准备几篇考研英语作文来准备一下呢??文都网校小编特意为各位考研er准备了2020考研英语一大作文的预测题目，有需要的可以来看一下，本次主要准备的是话题类的，希望能帮到大家哦!!第一篇:环境话题第二篇:教育话题--因材施教第三篇:文化交流话题，传统文化自信第四篇: 理解和宽容第五篇:关于节约、资源浪费的话题第一篇：环境话题Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning, and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)第二篇：教育话题--因材施教Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning, and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)第三篇：文化交流话题，传统文化自信Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning, and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)第四篇：关于“理解和宽容”的话题;注意友谊话题，人际关系话题Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning, and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)第五篇：关于节约、资源浪费的话题Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning, and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)以上是文都网校小编为各位考生准备的关于2020考研英语一大作文预测题目，2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试初试时间为2019年12月21日至12月22日。大家可以提前多准备一些英语作文素材哦!

近日，不少地区官宣阅卷已经完成，很多同学开始期待成绩！绝大部分学生，都会等待国家线的公布，那么，国家线是否会降？小编查了一下某考研英语名师对国家线的预测，他预测考研国家线将会下降，2021考研同学可以参考一下。第一，众多因素使得2020年扩招达到18.9万人。2021年应该还有一定比例的增加。第二，虽然教育部公布有377万人报考人数，这377万人是缴费了的。但是，真正现场确认的人数绝对低于377万人，而真正走进考场的人，又得减少几十万。第三，英语难度大，很多学生抱怨英语栽了大跟头，很可能过不了国家线！因此，英语过不了线，不能调剂，不能复试，这其中又减少部分人。最后，真正过了国家线的人，可能也就200来万，招100多万人，你还有什么担心的呢？放心大胆的复习复试，放心大胆的进复试，加油，考研人！我是小圆老师，关注考研和复试，关注小圆老师说教育！

考研英语作文考前预测来啦，赶紧收藏住熟记，你就是考研上岸组！还没上考场，一切还未成定局！抓住最后一天，也能够快速抢分，赢下考试！根据近几年#考研# 写作话题考察的趋势，为大家预测了今年最有可能考的四大话题：科技、文化、教育、个人品质。每类话题都整理好能用到的话题词，详见附图。赶紧收藏背诵吧！预祝2021考研er顺利上岸～英语一和英语二都有话题和主题短语推荐，大家一定要牢记哦！祝愿大家都能够考上理想的学校！

图片来源，中国新闻漫画网，如有侵权，主动删除The cartoon depicts a vivid scene in which two men labeled “good habit” and “bad habit” respectively are furiously dashing head on against each other. The caption indicates that you never can kill a habit but replace it. It is apparent that the cartoonist aims at reminding us of the importance of good habit. Nothing is more important than a good habit in our daily life. In that, a good habit is the basic requirement for a person to realize his dream, achieve success and make big contribution to the society. What’s more, the people who have a good habit also cope better in high stress situations and are better able to maintain high levels of well-being ring times of hardship. In my view, whatever difficulty or situation we are confronted with, those who have a good habit are more likely to have a high happiness index and more chances to succeed. In sum, it is no exaggeration to say that placing a high value on cultivating good habit will yield huge returns.2019考研英语一对一作文专属模板班本群是针对2019年考研的学生所设置的作文模板一对一专属群，入群学员都将享受作文一对一专属模板服务。我会为报名的学员提供英语一或英语二大小作文的专属模板资料。请报名的同学把自己的报考省份，所考专业以及英语考英语一还是英语二等基本信息给我，我会尽快为你创作出一篇你的独一无二的专属模板。由于一对一专属模板不同于大众模板，需要考虑的东西很多，还要规避模板作文的相似性，所以耗时较多，一般3-5天左右才能创作完毕，再加上邮寄快递的时间，差不多一个星期才能送到你们手中。有需要的同学请提前报名，给我留出更多时间方便我的创作，也方便你们提前背诵。https://www.cctalk.com/m/group/84599981/?xh_preshareid=3e35cf2c-3610-4107-93f3-00ce5a0f9f4d&xh_fshareuid=9293793&channel=copy&platform=pc

2020考研初试这周六开始，班长整理了一些名师对考研作文考试方向的预测，希望大家能学习一下，增加考试内容的覆盖，有备无患。【结尾附：文都网校名师何凯文老师考研英语预测】考研英语作文一、个人品质类1、没有行动，梦想只是空想The picture aims at revealing a simple truth: without action, any goal is just a fantasy.没有行动，梦想只是空想No one can deny the fact that taking action is extremely essential to achieving your goals.没有人能否认采取行动对于实现目标是极其重要的。Only by turning your dream into action, can you really realize it.只有把梦想变成行动，你才能真正实现它。“The journey of a thousand miles starts with a single step. "千里之行，始于足下The more action we take, the more likely we are to accumulate experience, master skills and get close to our destination.我们采取的行动越多，我们就越有可能积累经验、掌握技能并接近我们的目标。2、“逆境造人才”There is no denying the fact that it is rough times that make us grow faster.不可否认的事实是，困难使我们成长得更快。The home is our comfort zone, and the longer we stay there, the less likely we would be able to deal with life's storms.家是我们的舒适区，我们在那里呆得越久，就越不能应对生活中的风暴。Just as a saying goes, greenhouse flowers cannot survive the unpleasant weather outdoors.温室的花朵经不起外面的风雨We should not be content with a life of ease，instead，we should be brave enough to take on new challenges to bring out the best in us.我们不应该满足于安逸的生活，而应勇于接受挑战，成就最好的自己。二、职业道德类1、诚信What's more, when we have integrity, we gain the trust of others. We're dependable, and we become role models for others to follow when we hold ourselves accountable for our actions.更重要的是当我们诚信时，我们会获得别人的信任。我们是可靠的，当我们对自己的行为负责时，就会成为别人学习的榜样。Every time we do what we think is the right thing even though no one else sees us do it, we have taken a big step toward strengthening our integrity.即使没有人看到，我们也能每次都做自己认为是正确的事情，就是向加强诚信迈出了一大步。2、信任危机First and foremost, people will be deprived of（被剥夺） much since they become over-cautions and feel insecure all the time. Besides, a lack of trust is detrimental to personal relationships since “Trust is the glue of life. It’s the most essential ingredient in effective communication.It’s the foundation principle that holds all relationships.” Last but not least, people’s loss of trust in the government could intensify social contradictions（加剧社会矛盾）.首先，人们时刻小心谨慎，没有安全，因此被剥夺了许多乐趣。此外，缺乏信任对人际关系有害，因为“信任是生活的粘合剂。它是有效沟通的最重要的因素。它是维系所有关系的基本原则。”最后应特别指出的是，人们对政府失去信任会加剧社会矛盾。Therefore, it is high time that （正是......的时候）we called on all sides to deal with the trust crisis. For one thing, the government should make great efforts to promote a credibility system. For another, the mass media should also play a positive role in restoring mutual trust among people.因此，现在汇聚各方力量应对信任危机正当其时。一方面，政府应当着力推荐诚信体系建设。另一方面，大众媒体也应该在恢复人与人之间的相互信任方面发挥积极作用。三、社会热点类1、“共享”类话题It can be clearly seen from the drawing that there are several kinds of shared activities（共享活动） that urban citizens are enjoying much. On a closer look, a boy is using his mobile phone to unlock a shared bike that is parked in right order.Moreover, there is a traveler-looking young man recharging his mobile phone at a shared charging station, and there are several readers focusing on books in a shared library.从图中可以清楚的看到城市居民正在享受几种共享活动。仔细看，一个男孩正在用他的手机解锁一辆按正确顺序停放的共享单车。此外，还有一个像在旅游的年轻人在共享充电站给手机充电，还有几个读者在共享图书馆看书。Commercial and non-profitable shared activities make the metropolitan life more convenient. Furthermore, the limited resources(有限的资源) in highly populated areas（人口密集的地区） can be reallocated （重新分配） and then utilized more efficiently. In effect, with human society evolving, the proportion of private property may graally decrease to escape the heavy dependence on environment.商业性和非营利性的共享活动使都市生活更加便利。此外,有限的资源在高度密集的地区可以被重新分配,使利用更有效率。事实上，随着人类社会的发展，私人财产的比例可能会逐渐下降，以摆脱对环境的严重依赖。2、师德问题Unfolded before us is a cartoon simply drawn yet profoundly meaningful.+图片描述展现在我们面前的是一幅简单却意义深远的漫画。Actually，teachers' ethics is essential in the ecational process.教师的道德在教育过程中是至关重要的。We can identify the significance of teachers' ethics from the following perspectives. To begin with, it will help students to acquire the basic personal qualities for their future life. Furthermore, teachers' ethics is a code of conct that must be followed in the teaching process. Last but not least, teachers' ethics is also critical for a progressive and healthy development.我们可以从以下几个方面来认识师德的重要性。首先，它将帮助学生为他们未来的生活获得基本的个人素质。此外，师德是教师在教学过程中必须遵守的行为准则。最后但并非最不重要的是，教师道德也是进步和健康发展的关键。If a teacher is honest, reliable and responsible and hence respected by all the people, the students will follow his or her suit and develop into such a person.如果老师诚实，可靠，负责任，受到大家的尊重，学生就会以老师为榜样，也成为这样的人。Based on the analysis above, we may safely conclude that teachers should possess teachers' ethics（师德）, respecting and caring for their students so that students can learn to respect others.基于以上分析,我们可以得出结论:教师应具备师德，尊重和爱护他们的学生，这样学生才能学会尊重他人。3、“低头族““手机病”Widespread use of smart phone and social media has changed in no small measure our way of communication, of shopping and of learning.智能手机和社交媒体的广泛使用在很大程度上改变了我们的交流、购物和学习方式。We used to be vocal about the benefits that new technologies brought: they will lead to unprecedented job growth, support the economy and improve the quality of our lives.我们过去常常直言不讳地谈论新技术带来的好处：它们将带来前所未有的就业增长、支持经济并改善我们的生活质量。But it’s hard to ignore the growing public apathy in chatting with our friends in person.但是，当我们谈论到面对面地和朋友聊天时，很难忽视公众日益增长的冷漠情绪。Regardless of the enormous amount of photos shared on Face book, modern city dwellers grow detached from their immediate surroundings and fail to realize that codes and digits can never provide the human touch that we yearn for.尽管脸书上有大量的照片，但现代城市居民越来越远离周围的环境，没有意识到代码和数字永远无法提供我们所渴望的人情味。4、"年轻人熬夜"问题We, specially the teenagers, should develop good living habits.（养成良好的生活习惯） Having a good rest is the fundamental need, which ensures us a strong healthy body and a good mood. We should go to bed early and get up early.我们，尤其是青少年，应该养成良好的生活习惯。好的休息是保证我们身体健康和好心情的最基本的需要。我们应该早睡早起。Staying up late（熬夜） is bad for our health.Besides, healthy eating habits（健康的饮食习惯）are of great importance, which leads to both physical and mental health.除此之外，健康的饮食习惯是非常重要的，它可以保证我们身体和精神的健康。We should eat more fruits and vegetables instead of biscuit,hamburgers and meat. Junk food is a fatal killer of our health, so we should stay away from it.我们应该多吃水果和蔬菜，而不是饼干、汉堡包和肉类。垃圾食品是我们健康的致命杀手，所以我们应该远离它。四、环保类1、垃圾分类Worse still, in many places, waste is disposed of（被处理） by burning, and burning the recyclable waste（可回收垃圾） like plastics will give off toxic（有毒的） smoke which pollutes the air.更糟糕的是，在很多地方，垃圾是通过焚烧来处理的，而焚烧诸如塑料之类的可回收垃圾会释放有毒气体，污染空气。2、城市病The unprecedented （空前的）expansion of cities undoubtedly leads to the excessive concentration of population, which in turn brings about a series of problems, such as environmental pollution, traffic jam, increased crimes and high housing prices.城市空前的扩张无疑造成人口的过度集中,这反过来又会产生一系列问题，如环境污染、交通堵塞、犯罪增多及高房价等。Therefore, the focus of urban authorities（市政部门） should be on consolidation and upgrading of urban infrastructure. Great attention should also be paid to develop a mechanism to monitor the carrying capacity（承受能力） of both resources and environment of cities to achieve urban layout optimization（布局优化）.因此，市政部门应关注城市基础设施的整合和升级。还应该重点建立一种机制来监督城市资源和环境的承受能力，以达到城市布局最优化。五、网络科技类1、纸质书与电子书In recent years, with the popularity of （随着……的普及）electronic procts such as iPad and smart phones, people’s reading habits have changed drastically（巨大的）.近年来，随着平板电脑、智能手机等电子产品的普及，人们的阅读习惯发生了巨变。After all（毕竟）, compared with paper books, e-books are not only more portable（便携式的、轻便的）, but also much cheaper.毕竟，与纸质书相比，电子书不仅方便携带，而且价格更加便宜。Moreover, a research shows that readers are easily distracted（分心） when they are reading e-books. Readers would find it more difficult to concentrate especially when the device is equipped with（设备被……占用） other apps like game apps.此外，还有研究表明，电子书很容易让读者分心，尤其是当阅读设备上还装有其他软件如游戏软件时，阅读者更加难以集中精力。2、信息安全Every year, thousands of people lose money e to（因为） telephone scams from a few bucks（美元） to their life’s savings（毕生积蓄）. Phone scammers devise（想出，图谋） many different types of detailed phone scams to establish trust or instill （灌输）fear or both.每年，成千上万的人因为电话诈骗而失去金钱——从几块钱到他们的毕生积蓄。电话诈骗者设计了许多不同类型的详细的电话骗局来建立信任或向其灌输恐惧，或两者兼有。Hence, it is important to equip yourself with the tools to identify if the unwanted call you've received is a scam.因此，我们要识别接到的电话是不是骗局。此外，大家在参加完2020考研初试后，记得要去看文都网校的2020考研初试考后真题解析峰会，对大家的估分和后续的复试都有很好的指导作用，入口可以去文都大班长微博查看或者直接去文都网校的网站去查看。【附：文都网校何凯文老师考研英语一、二考试作文内容方向整理】英语一：1.自律时间管理的能力包括科技对生活的影响;（self-discipline; self-control）2.合作诚信共赢；理想和信念；3.加强环保意识和社会公德意识；4.文化自信和保护传统文化；英语二：1.大学生使用手机时间的变化和比例；（包括身心健康，熬夜等，阅读习惯变化）2.员工跳槽的原因调查以及大学生活花销和毕业生薪酬调查；3.支付方式的变化以及网络直播或网络教育的情况；观影人数；4.交通出行方式的变化和情况（环保入手）一些重点词汇：The ability to start from the small 从小事做起的能力To be a man of action 一个有执行力的人Being attentive to details 关注细节seizing the opportunity 抓住机会perseverance 坚持to combine the theory with the practice 理论联系实际the number of foreign friends learning Chinese 学中文的外国人人数the number of oversea students coming back home 归国留学生人数the mobile payment / online payment 移动支付Alipay/Wechat pay/apple payonline live show/ online live video steaming 网络直播to stay late 熬夜The addiction to online games 沉迷网络游戏（The Battleground）（The Glory of Kings）mental health 心理健康job hopping 跳槽出行方式：Means of travellingMeans of transportation支付习惯：Paying methodsPaying by cashSwiping credit cardsMobile payment大学生日常花销：The daily spending of college students毕业生预期收入：The salary anticipation of graate students理想：1.The ideal/personal goal/personal ambition理想的个人/目标/个人的野心2.The pursuit of noble ideal…追求崇高的理想…3.The strong faith in the future…对未来的坚定信念…4.The search of true meaning of life…寻找生命的真谛…5.The Chinese dream…中国梦…6.The lofty ambition…远大的抱负…7.The faith and confidence…信念和信心…8.The desire to pursue the better life…追求美好生活的愿望…9.The ardent love of life…热爱生活…10.The pursuit of happiness…追求幸福…11.To find the meaningful role for oneself in the growth of society…在社会的发展中为自己找到有意义的角色…合作：1.The cooperation…合作…2.The teamwork…团队合作…3.The team spirit…团队精神…4.To cooperate with others…与他人合作…5.To the spirit of sharing…分享精神6.To share with others…与他人分享…7.The spirit of participation /competition / cooperation参与/竞争/合作精神8.The merit of sharing…分享的优点…9.The mutual trust…/respect相互信任……10.The mutual understanding…相互理解…11.The equality and common interests…平等和共同利益…诚信的例子：1. keeping promise and honoring the commitment2.observing the rules and laws3.protecting the interest of consumers4.online cheating and misleading information in advertisement5.dishonoring the promise6.fake news7.mutual trust8.the credibility in the business operation文化的例子：1.protecting the precious cultural heritage2.guarding the invaluable cultural traditions.3.maintaining the independent cultural identity.环保的具体例子:1. the waste of food, water and energy.2. overpackaging in the delivery3.the frequent ordering of delivery4.observing the code of trash sorting5. adhering to the civil rule of walking dogs6. saving water, food and energy7.employing green means of transportation8.recing the use of disposable items公德：1. offering seats to the people in the need of help2. helping the old cross the street3.returning the lost item to the owner4.the righteous act of being brave5.respecting the old and caring the young英语二必背原因：1. the change of attitude 态度的改变2.the enhancement of efficiency 效率的提升3. the increase of variety 种类的增加4.the cost control 成本的控制5. the research and development input 研发的投入6.the expanding market and increasing demand市场的扩大和需求的增加7.the governmental involvement 政府的参与8.the growing awareness 意识的增强9.the push of social trend 趋势的推动