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若愚若昏2020考研英语一真题及答案「完整版」！
2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题
红南京2021考研英语一真题及答案解析（完整版）
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体性抱神考研真题：2013年考研英语真题阅读理解Text 2 翻译和答案解析
本文是2013年考研英语试卷阅读理解Part A的Text 2部分。本文主要讲述了网络隐私问题，就“在线行为广告”引发的争议展开论述，随后追溯了争议的相关解决方案。An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half.老话说的好，广告费的一半是浪费了的——问题是，没人知道哪一半浪费掉的。In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reced.在互联网时代，至少在理论上，这一浪费的部分能够减少。By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.通过观察人们搜索什么，点击什么，在网络上说什么，公司能够瞄准那些更容易购买的客户投放“行为”广告。26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:第一段表明，“行为”广告帮助广告商：[A] ease competition among themselves缓和他们之间的竞争[B] lower their operational costs降低运营成本[C] avoid complaints from consumers避免消费者的抱怨[D] provide better online services提供更好的网络服务答案：B。解析：第一句就指出了，广告费花费了有一半被浪费掉了。后面指出互联网时代广告费用大幅减少，因为公司（广告商）能够将“行为”广告投放给最有可能购买的人群。由此可知，“行为广告”能帮助广告商“降低运营成本”这句话最符合题意。In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?在过去几周，一场争论表明这些精准信息对于广告商的价值：广告商应该假定用户乐于被追踪并且收到这些广告吗？或者应该获得用户明确的准许？In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .在2010年12月，美国联邦贸易委员会建议提出一个“禁止追踪”的选项加入到网络浏览器中，以便用户能告诉广告商他们不想被“追踪”。Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is e to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the instry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.微软的IE浏览器和苹果的Safari浏览器提供了“禁止追踪”选项；谷歌的Chrome浏览器在今年准备提供这样的功能。2月，联邦贸易委员会和数字广告联盟同意该行业尽快对“禁止追踪”这一请求作出回应。27. “The instry” (Line 6, Para.3) refers to:“该行业”指的是：[A] online advertisers在线广告商[B] e-commerce conctors电子商务运营[C] digital information analysis数字信息分析者[D] internet browser developers网络浏览器开发商答案：D。解析：FTC和DAA一致认为the instry会对DNT要求迅速做出回应。前面又指出FTC提议在浏览器上添加DNT选项，可见这个提议的动作执行者在浏览器开发商。可见FTC和DAA提议的the instry就是浏览器开发商。On May 31st Microsoft set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version e to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.微软在五月31日率先发起讨论，它表明随windows8一起发布的IE 10，将把“禁止追踪”选项设为默认状态。Advertisers are horrified .广告商慌神了。Human nature being what it is,most people stick with default settings.人性本质上是，大多数人还是坚持默认设置的。Few switch DNT on now,but if tracking is off it will stay off.很少人会打开DNT选项，但是如果“追踪”是关闭的那么它就一直关闭了。Bob Liodice,the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers,says consumers will be worse off if the instry cannot collect information about their preferences.国家广告协会会长Bob Liodice 表示，如果这个行业不能收集消费者们的偏好信息，消费者的情况将会更糟。People will not get fewer ads,he says.“They’ll get less meaningful,less targeted ads.人们看到的广告不会更少，他们会得到更多的“无意义的”、更不精确的目标广告。28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a defaultBob Liodice坚称设置“禁止追踪”为默认选项[A] may cut the number of junk ads可能减少垃圾广告[B] fails to affect the ad instry对这个行业没有影响[C] will not benefit consumers对消费者不利[D] goes against human nature违反人性答案：C。解析：Bob Liodice指出了消费者的情况会更糟糕，收到的广告不会变少，反而会出现更多无意义的广告。所以C正确。It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond.还不清楚广告商怎么回应。Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so.收到“DNT”信号并不能迫使企业去停止追踪，尽管一些企业承诺会这么做。Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.由于不能分辨出用户是拒绝“行为”广告还是他们只是坚持微软的默认选项，一些企业可能忽略“禁止追踪”的信号并且继续追踪。29. which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?根据第六段，下面哪一个是正确的？[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose“禁止追踪”可能不能取得预期目标[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT广告商更希望执行“禁止追踪”选项[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers“禁止追踪”在消费者之中并不流行[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads广告商有责任提供“行为”广告答案：A。解析：公司收到DNT信号并不意味着一定要求停止追踪，而且由于他们不清楚消费者心理，可能也会对DNT默认信号加以忽略。由此，DNT并不能达到限制公司获取用户在线行为信息的目的。所以A合适。Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.并且也不清楚为什么微软一意孤行的发起行动。After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how.毕竟，它也有商业广告业务。据称这些业务也遵守“禁止追踪”选项设定。不过还在具体怎样实施还在研究当中。If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising，it has chosen an indirect method: there is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm.如果它是想让谷歌不高兴，谷歌的业务几乎全靠广告支持。它选择了一个不太直接的方式，没有保证说能将“‘禁止追踪’设为默认状态”成为行业规范。DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other procts favorably with Google's on that count before.“禁止追踪”看起来也不能成为Windows 8的巨大卖点，尽管此前这个公司将旗下一些产品与谷歌的进行了有利对比。Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged:" we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?Brendon Lynch，微软首席隐私官，在博客中写道：我们相信消费者将有更多的控制权。真的那么简单吗？30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:作者对Brendon Lynch在博客中所说的态度是：[A] inlgence纵容[B] understanding理解[C] appreciation欣赏[D] skepticism怀疑答案：D。解析：Brendon Lynch说消费者应该拥有更多控制权，但是作者后面又反问：真的那么简单吗？可见，作者对Brendon Lynch的观点是怀疑的。
诚考研英语真题词汇及常见类型词汇总
1. tendency[tendnsi]n趋势，趋向；倾向2. trend[trend]n倾向vi伸向3. attitude[ttju:d]n态度4. attribute[trbju:t]v归属于n属性5. thrive[θrav]v兴旺,繁荣6. contribute[kntrbju:t]v(to)贡献,捐助;投稿7. distribute[dstrbju:t]v分发;分配;(over)散布8. augment[:gment]n/v增大，增强9. authority[:θrti]n权威10. systematic[sstmtk]a(systematical)系统的,有组织的11. available[velbl]a可用到的12. occur[k:(r)]v出现;存在;想起13. occurrence[krns]n发生;事件,14. damage[dmd]v/n损害,毁坏n(pl)损害赔偿费15. dash[d]v/n突进n破折号16. dazzle[dzl]v使惊奇n耀眼的光17. decade[deked]n十年18. dedicate[dedket]vt奉献;献身于19. profit[prft]n利润v(by,from)得利20. generate[denret]vt产生,发生;生殖21. delight[dlat]n快乐v(使)高兴22. enlighten[nlatn]v启发,启蒙,教导23. deny[dna]v否认,否定;拒绝24. negative[negtv]a消极的n负数25. density[densti]n密集,密度,浓度26. dependent[dpendnt]a依靠的,依赖的,从属的27. deprive[dprav]vt剥夺,夺去,使丧失28. privacy[prvsi]n(不受干扰的)独处，自由，隐私29. private[pravt]a私人的,个人的,秘密的30. privilege[prvld]n特权v给予特权31. desirable[dzarbl]a值得做的;合意的;期望得到的32. desperate[desprt]a不顾一切的；绝望的33. amuse[mju:z]v使娱乐，使消遣34. analyze['nlaz]v分解；分析35. synthetic[snθetk]a合成的,人造的;综合的36. apart[pɑ:t]a分开的37. department[dpɑ:tmnt]n部门;系38. departure[dpɑ:t(r)]n离开,起程39. partial[pɑ:l]a部分的;偏袒的,偏爱的40. participate[pɑ:tspet]v(in)参与;分享;含有41. appeal[pi:l]v恳求，上诉；吸引42. plead[pli:d]v恳求;为…辩护;提出…为理由43. competitive[kmpetitiv]a竞争的；好竞争的；(价格等的)有竞争的44. application[plken]n申请；应用45. appraisal[prezl]n评价，估量46. appreciate[pri:iet]v欣赏，鉴赏；感激47. precious[pres]a珍贵的,贵重的48. approach[prt]v接近n途径，方法49. pursue[psju:]v追赶;继续,从事50. pursuit[psju:t]n追赶,追求;职业51. radical[rdkl]a基本的,重要的;激进的52. random[rndm]a随机的n随机53. range[rend]n范围v排列成行54. rank[rk]n社会阶层v分等级55. rate[ret]n速率v估价56. rational[rnl]a理性的,合理的57. reason[ri:zn]n原因v说服58. realm[relm]n国土;领域59. royal[rl]a王室的;第一流的,高贵的60. reckless[rekls]a,大意的,卤莽的,不顾后果的61. recruit[rkru:t]v补充n新成员62. reflect[rflekt]v反射,反映,表现63. reign[ren]n/v统治n统治时期64. reluctant[rlktnt]a不愿的,勉强的65. render[rend(r)]v使得,致使;提出66. represent[reprzent]v描述,代表;阐明67. request[rkwest]v/n请求,要求68. require[rkwa(r)]v需要;(of)要求,命令69. resemble[rzembl]v像,类似70. respond[rspnd]v回答,响应,作出反应71. restore[rst:(r)]v恢复;归还;修复72. reward[rw:d]n(for)报酬,赏金v(for)酬劳;酬谢73. rigid[rdd]a刚性的;刻板的;严厉的74. vigorous[vgrs]a朝气蓬勃的,精力旺盛的75. ritual[rtul]a宗教仪式的n(宗教)仪式76. robust[rbst]a强健的,雄壮的,精力充沛的77. root[ru:t]n根v(使)生根78. ruin[ru:n]v毁灭n毁灭79. sacred[sekrd]a神圣的;宗教的;庄严的80. chemical[kemkl]a化学的n(pl)化学制品81. circulate[s:kjlet]v(使)循环,(使)流通82. classic[klsk]n(pl)杰作a第一流的83. climate[klamt]n气候;风气,社会思潮84. decline[dklan]v下降;拒绝n下降;斜面85. cognitive[kgntv]a认知的，认识能力的86. collaborate[klbret]vi协作，合作；(与敌人)勾结87. corporation[k:pren]n市镇自治机关；法人；公司88. operate[pret]v操作,起作用,动手术89. operational[prenl]a操作的,运转的,起作用的90. collapse[klps]v/n倒塌；崩溃；(价格)暴跌91. combine[kmn]v联合；结合；化合n集团；联合企业92. comment[kment]n注释v(on)注释93. mental[mentl]a精神的,思想的,心理的94. material[mtril]n材料a物质的95. commerce[km:s]n商业，贸易；交际96. commercial[km:l]a商业的n广告节目97. commit[kmit]v把…交托给;犯(错误),干(坏事)98. transmit[trnsmt]vt发射vi发射信号99. commodity[kmditi]n(pl)日用品；商品；农/矿产品100. communicate[kmju:nikeit]v传达;交流;通讯101. immune[mju:n]a免疫的;有受影响的;豁免的102. comparable[kmprbl]a(with,to)可比较的,比得上的103. compare[kmp]vt(to，with)比较；(to)把…比作vi相比104. impair[mpe(r)]v损害,损伤;削弱105. complicate[kmplket]v使复杂；使难懂；使（病）恶化106. plicate[dju:plket]n复制品v复写107. explicit[ksplst]a详述的,明确的;坦率的108. implicit[mplst]a含蓄的;(in)固有的;无疑问的109. compromise[kmprmaiz]n妥协vi妥协110. promising[prms]a有希望的,有前途的111. reputation[repjuten]n名誉,名声,声望112. reveal[rvi:l]v展现,显示,揭示113. revelation[revlen]n揭示,揭露,显示114. conceive[knsi:v]v(of)设想;以为;怀胎115. concept[knsept]n概念，观念，设想116. precise[prsas]a精确的,准确的117. condemn[kndem]v谴责,指责;判刑118. contempt[kntempt]n轻视，藐视；受辱119. conct[kndkt]n行为v引导120. introce[ntrdju:s]vt介绍；引进，传入121. reproce[ri:prdju:s]v生殖;翻版;复制122. offer[f(r)]v提供n提议123. refer[rf:(r)]v参考;提到;提交124. reference[refrns]n提及,涉及;参考书目125. suffer[sf(r)]v(from)受痛苦;受损失126. transfer[trnsf:(r)]vt/n转移；转换；转让127. profession[prfen]n职业,专业,表白128. faith[feθ]n信任;信仰,信条129. definite[defnt]a明确的;一定的;意志坚强的130. conflict[knflkt]n战斗v(with)抵触131. format[f:mt]n格式vt设计132. perform[pf:m]v履行,执行;表演133. performance[pf:mns]n履行;表演;性能134. transform[trnsf:m]vt改变,变换;变压;转化;改造,改造135. confront[knfrnt]v使面临,使遭遇;面对(危险等)136. gratitude[grttju:d]n感激,感谢137. conscious[kns]a(of)意识到的,自觉的;神志清醒的138. consequence[knskwns]n结果,后果;重要性139. sequence[si:kwns]n句子;判决v宣判140. subsequent[sbskwnt]a随后的,后来的141. consensus[knsenss]n(意见等的)一致，一致同意，共识142. sensible[sensbl]a明智的;可觉察的,明显的143. sensitive[senstv]a(to)敏感的,易受伤害的;灵敏的144. deserve[dz:v]v应受,值得145. observe[bz:v]v观察,观测,注意到146. preserve[prz:v]v保护,维持;保存147. considerable[knsdrbl]a相当大(或多)的,可观的;值得考虑的148. prospect[prspekt]n景色;前景,前途149. retrospect[retrspekt]v/n回顾，回想，追溯[反]foresee150. suspect[sspekt]v猜想a可疑的151. conspiracy[knsprsi]n阴谋，密谋，共谋152. spirit[sprt]n精神;(pl)情绪;(pl)酒精153. constant[knstnt]a固定的n常数154. constituent[knsttjunt]n选民a组成的155. constitute[knsttju:t]vt组成；设立，建立156. institution[nsttju:n]n公共机构;协会;学校157. substitute[sbsttju:t]n代替者v(for)代替158. statute[sttu:t]n法令，法规；章程159. constrain[knstren]vt限制；克制，抑制160. restrain[rstren]v(from)抑制,制止161. consume[knsju:m]vt消耗(with)使着迷162. contact[kntkt]v/n(使)接触,联系,交往163. integrity[ntegrti]n正直,诚实;完整,完全164. temporary[temprri]a暂时的,临时的165. contradict[kntrdkt]v反驳;同…矛盾,同…抵触166. dictate[dktet]v口授;(使)听写;指令167. predict[prdkt]v预言,预测,预告168. verify[verfa]vt证实,查证;证明169. contrary[kntrri]a(to)相反的n反对170. counterpart[kantpɑ:t]n对应的人(或物)171. convey[knve]v运送;传达,传播172. coordinate[k':dnet]a同等的n同等者173. relevant[relvnt]a有关的,中肯的,相应的174. correspond[krspnd]v通信,(with)符合;(to)相当于175. criterion[kratrin]n(plcriteria或criterions)标准，尺度176. critical[krtkl]a批评的,紧要的;临界的177. criticize[krtsaz]v(criticise)批评,评论178. crucial[kru:l]a至关重要的,决定性的179. cultivate[kltvet]v耕作,栽培,养殖180. abide[bad]v遵守181. capacity[kpsti]n容量;能力;接受力182. norm[n:m]n准则,规范,准则183. normal[n:ml]a普通的;正规的,标准的184. establish[stbl]v建立;安置,使定居185. establishment[stblmnt]n建立,设立,建立的机构186. stability[stblti]n稳定,安定187. abound[band]a丰富，大量存在188. abundant[bndnt]a丰富的，充裕的189. abroad[br:d]adv宽广；在国外190. abrupt[brpt]a唐突的191. disrupt[dsrpt]vt使混乱，使崩溃，使分裂192. absent[bsnt]a缺席的193. absence[bsns]n缺席194. extract[ekstrkt]v/n拔出;摘录n抽取物195. property[prpti]n财产;性质,特性196. address[dres]n地址，演讲v处理，解决197. adequate[dkwt]a足够的，相当的198. equipment[kwpmnt]n设备,装置;才能199. equivalent[kwvlnta(to)相等的n相等物200. adhere[dh(r)]v黏贴；坚持201. coherent[khrnt]a一致的，协调的；(话语等)条理清楚的202. conjunction[kndkn]n接合，连接；连(接)词203. subject[sbdkt]n主题a隶属的204. objective[bdektv]n目标a客观的205. adjust[dst]v调整，使适应，校正206. administration[dmnstren]n管理207. admission[dmn]n承认208. adopt[dpt]v采纳，收养209. advance[dvɑ:ns]v前进210. advantage[dvɑ:ntd]n优势211. fabulous[fbjls]a极好的；寓言中的212. fade[fed]v褪色;衰减n淡入(出)213. fail[fel]v失败,不及格;衰退214. faint[fent]a微弱的n/v昏倒215. false[f:lsa谬误的,虚伪的,伪造的216. fault[f:lt]n过失,过错;缺点,毛病217. feature[fi:t(r)]n特征v以为特色218. figure[fg(r)]n数字v描绘219. fertilizer[f:tlaz(r)]n(fertiliser)肥料220. fetch[fet]v取来;接来;引出n取得221. fierce[fs]a凶猛的,残忍的;狂热的222. finance[fanns]n财政,金融v为…提供资金223. fine[fan]a美好的v/n罚金,罚款224. flaw[fl:]n裂缝;缺陷v使破裂;使有缺陷225. forecast[f:kɑ:st]v/n预测,预报226. formidable[f:mdbl]a强大的;令人敬畏的;可怕的227. frown[fran]v皱眉228. fulfill[fl'fl]v(fulfil)完成,履行,实践229. fundamental[fndmentl]a基础的n(pl)基本原则230. profound[prfand]a深刻的,意义深远的;渊博的231. generous[denrs]a宽宏大量的,慷慨的232. genetic[dnetk]a遗传(学)的n[-s]遗传学233. glamour[glm(r)]n(glamour)魅力vt迷惑234. glowing[gl]adj灼热的v发光235. gorgeous[g:ds]a华丽的；灿烂的；美丽的236. grant[grɑ:nt]v同意n授予物237. guarantee[grnti:]n保证v保证238. warrant[wrnt]v穿着，戴着n穿，戴239. safeguard[sefgɑ:d]v维护n安全装置240. guilty[glti]a(of)有罪的,内疚的241. harmony[hɑ:mni]n协调,和谐;融洽242. attract[trkt]v吸引243. attractive[trktv]a有吸引力的244. academic[kdemk]a学院的；学术的245. academy[kdmi]n学院246. excel[ksel]vi擅长vt胜过247. acceptance[kseptns]n接受248. susceptible[sseptbl]a易受影响的;易受感动的;易受感染的249. access[kses]n入口；享用权v接近250. excessive[ksesv]a过多的;过分的;额外251. predecessor[pri:dses(r)]n前辈，前任252. process[prses]n过程v加工,处理253. succession[sksen]n连续,系列;继任254. proceed[prsi:d]v进行,继续下去;发生255. succeed[sksi:d]vi成功vt接替256. precede[prsi:d]v领先(于),在(…之前);优先257. accident[ksdnt]n事故258. acclaim[klem]v欢呼，喝彩259. claim[klem]v要求n要求;断言260. accompany[kmpni]v陪伴261. accomplish[kmpl]v完成，达到目的262. accord[k:d]v一致，符合263. accordingto[k:dt]按照264. account[kant]n账目v报账；解释265. accumulate[kju:mjlet]v积累266. curious[kjris]a好奇的,求知的,古怪的267. secure[skj(r)]a(from,against)安全的v得到268. security[skjrti]n安全(感),防御(物),保证(人)269. accuse[kju:z]v谴责270. accustomed[kstmd]a习惯的271. used[ju:st]a用旧了的，习惯于…；过去惯/经常272. achieve[ti:v]v成就，成功273. acknowledge[knld]v承认274. acquire[kwa(r)]v获得，学到275. acquaintance[kwentns]n熟人，熟事276. acquisition[kwzn]n获得；获得物277. active[ktv]a积极的，活跃的278. transaction[trnzkn]n办理,处理;交易279. agenda[dend]n议事日程，待办事项280. adapt[dpt]v使适应，改编281. satire[sta(r)]n讽刺,讽刺文学,讽刺作品282. scarf[skɑ:f]n围巾,头巾,领巾283. scatter[skt(r)]v散开,驱散;散布284. scheme[ski:m]n计划,v,策划285. scrutiny[skru:tni]n周密的调查；仔细看；监视286. shame[em]n羞耻v使羞愧287. shelter[elt(r)]n庇护；避难所v保护，使掩蔽288. sincere[sns(r)]a诚挚的,真实的,诚恳的289. stuff[stf]n原料v填满290. sponsor[spns(r)]n发起人v发起291. spur[sp:(r)]n刺激v刺激292. steep[sti:p]a陡峭的vt浸泡293. stern[st:n]a严厉的n船尾294. strengthen[streθn]v加强,巩固295. strike[strak]n击v抚摸296. subsidy[sbsdi]n补助金；津贴费297. subtle[stl]a精巧的,巧妙的;细微的298. urban[:bn]a城市的,市内的299. suffice[sfas]v充足；vt(食物等)使(某人)满足300. superficial[su:pfl]a表面的;肤浅的,浅薄的301. supreme[su:pri:m]a极度的,最重要的;至高的302. tackle[tkl]n滑车；工具v解决303. vehicle[vi:kl]n交通工具;媒介,载体304. terrify[terfa]v使害怕,使惊恐305. tolerance[tlrns]n宽容；容忍；耐药力306. despite[dspat]prep不管,不顾307. detect[dtekt]v察觉,发觉,侦察308. determine[dt:mn]v决心,决定;确定309. develop[dvelp]v发展;显现;发育310. trivial[trvil]a琐碎的;无足轻重的311. previous[pri:vis]a先前的,以前的312. devote[dvt]v(to)奉献,致力313. vote[vt]n投票v表决314. indifferent[ndfrnt]a冷漠的,不关心的,不积极的315. dilemma[dlem]n(进退两难的)窘境,困境316. intelligence[nteldns]n智力;情报317. intellectual[ntlektul]n知识分子a智力的318. discern[ds:n]v发现;辨别319. disgrace[dsgres]n失宠v使失宠320. disposal[dspzl]n处理,处置;布置321. oppose[pz]v反对,使对立,使对抗322. positive[pztv]a肯定的,积极的,绝对的323. possess[pzes]v占有,拥有324. possession[pzen]n持有;所有权;(pl)财产325. obsession[bsen]n迷住,困扰326. traffic[trfk]n交通,交通327. translation[trnslen]n翻译;译文,译本328. tremendous[trmends]a巨大的,极大的329. ultimate[ltmt]a最后的,最终的;根本的330. undergraate[ndgrt]n大学生,大学肆业生331. underline[ndlan]vt在…下划线;强调332. undermine[ndman]v暗中破坏,逐渐削弱;侵蚀…的基础333. unfold[nfld]vt打开;显露;展示vi呈现;显示;展示334. union[ju:nin]n制服a相同的335. unique[juni:k]a唯一的,独一无二的336. update[pdet]v更新,使现代化337. urge[:d]vt催促n强烈欲望,338. urgent[:dnt]a急迫的，紧要的，紧急的339. vanish[vn]vi突然不见;消失340. vanity[vnti]n虚荣心,浮华341. violate[valet]vt违背;冒犯;妨碍342. virtue[v:tu:]n德行;贞操;优点343. vital[vatl]a生死攸关的,重大的;生命的,生机的344. volume[vlju:m]n容积,体积;音量345. voluntary[vlntri]a自愿的,志愿的346. volunteer[vlnt(r)]n/v自愿(者,兵);自愿(提供)347. whisper[wsp(r)]v私下说n耳语;传闻348. wisdom[wzdm]n智慧,明智;名言349. withhold[whld]vt使停止;vi忍住350. worldwide[w:ldwad]a全世界的ad遍及全世界351. yield[ji:ld]v出产;(to)屈服n产量352. zeal[zi:l]n热心，热忱，热情353. anticipate[ntspet]v预见，期望354. advent[dvent]n到来，来临355. convention[knvenn]n大会;惯例;公约356. conversely[knv:sli]ad相反地357. reverse[rv:s]n相反a相反的358. version[v:n]n版本;译本;说法359. affect[fekt]v影响360. affirm[f:m]v断言，确认361. confirm[knf:m]v使更坚固;(进一步)证实;确认362. fluctuate[flktuetv(使)波动;(使)起伏363. influential[nfluenl]a有影响的;有权势的364. afford[f:d]v负担得起365. aggravate[grvet]v加重366. alleviate[li:viet]v减轻367. congress[kgres]n(代表)大会;(美国等国的)国会,议会368. evaluate[vljuet]v估价,评价;求…的值369. value[vlju:]n价值v评价370. avoid[vd]v避免371. bear[be(r)]n熊v忍受，支撑372. benign[bnan]a良性的373. bewilder[bwld(r)]v使迷惑，使手足无措374. bizarre[bzɑ:(r)]a奇特的，怪异的375. flourish[flr]n/v繁荣,茂盛,兴旺376. obscure[bskj(r)]a暗的,朦胧的;模糊的377. boost[bu:st]v推进，促进，提高378. bother[b(r)]v烦扰，打搅379. brief[bri:f]a短的380. browse[braz]v吃嫩枝；浏览381. budget[bdt]n预算382. bureaucracy[bjrkrsi]n官僚主义383. democracy[dmkrsi]n民主,民主制,民主国家384. democratic[demkrtk]a民主的385. demonstrate[demnstret]v论证;演示,说明386. epidemic[epdemk]a流行性的n流行病387. passion[pn]n热情,激情;激怒388. passive[psv]a被动的,消极的389. speculate[spekjulet]vi思索vt思索390. campaign[kmpen]n战役;运动391. champion[tmpin]n冠军,得胜者;拥护者392. campus[kmps]n(大学)校园393. candidate[knddt]n候选人,候补者;报考者394. career[kr(r)]n(个人的)事业；生涯，职业395. case[kes]n箱,盒;情况;病例396. category[ktgri]n种类；范畴，类型397. cater[ket(r)]vi(for/to)满足;(for)提供饮食及服务398. cause[k:z]n原因v引起399. cautious[k:s]a(of)小心的,谨慎的400. caution[k:n]n谨慎vt劝…小心401. celebrate[selbret]vt庆祝vi庆祝402. celebrity[slebrti]n名人；著名，名声403. challenge[tlnd]n挑战(书)v向…挑战404. chaos[kes]n混乱,紊乱405. characterize[krktraz]v表示…的特性;描述…特性406. charter[tɑ:t(r)]v租船,租车n宪章407. solution[slu:n]n解答,解决办法;溶解408. distinct[dstkt]a清楚的,明显的;(from)截然不同的409. disturb[dst:b]v扰乱,妨碍,使不安410. turbulent[t:bjlnt]a狂暴的,无秩序的411. doctrine[dktrn]n教条，教义；法律原则412. domain[dmen]n(活动,思想等)领域,范围;领地413. dominate[dmnet]v支配,统治;占优势414. prominent[prmnnt]a突起的,凸出的;突出的415. masterpiecen杰作,名著416. dramatic[drmtk]a戏剧的,戏剧性的;剧烈的417. rough[rf]a粗糙的,大致的;粗野的418. tough[tf]a坚韧的,棘手的;强健的419. dwell[dwel]v住,居留420. dynamic[danmk]a动力的,电动的;有生气的421. status[stets]n地位,身份;情形422. obstacle[bstkl]n障碍(物),妨碍,阻碍423. economic[i:knmk]a经济(上)的,经济学的424. eligible[eldbl]a符合条件的;(尤指婚姻等)合适(意)的425. eloquent[elkwnt]a雄辩的,有说服力的;善辩的426. embark[mbɑ:k]v(使)上船(或飞机,汽车等);着手,从事427. embarrass[mbrs]vt使困窘,使局促不安;阻碍428. embody[mbdi]vt具体表达;包含,收录429. emotion[mn]n情绪,情感,感情430. mood[mu:d]n心情,情绪;语气431. motivate[mtvet]vt促动；激励，作为…的动机432. emphasis[emfss]n强调,重点433. empirical[mprkl]a凭经验(或观察)的,经验主义的434. theoretical[θretkl]a理论(上)的435. employ[mpl]n/v雇用;用,使用436. endeavor[n'dev]v/n(endeavour)努力,尽力,力图437. enrance[indjurns]n忍耐(力),持久(力),耐久(性)438. enre[indju]v忍受,持久,持续439. enhance[inhɑ:ns]v实施;强制;支持’440. entail[ntel]vt使承担;需要;把(疾病等)遗传给441. enthusiasm[nθju:zizm]n热情;狂热;积极性(for)442. enthusiastic[nθju:zistk]a热情的,热心的443. entitle[ntatl]v给以权利(或资格);给…称号(题名);授权444. envisage[nvzd]v想象，设想，展望445. revise[rvaz]v修订,校订;修正446. survey[s:ve]v/n眺望;调查;测量图447. visible[vzbl]a看得见的,明显的,显著的448. vision[vn]n视力;远见;幻想449. prudent[pru:dnt]a谨慎的,智慧的,稳健的450. escape[skep]n逃跑v逃跑451. essay[ese]n文章,短文452. essence[esns]n本质,实质453. essential[senl]a本质的n本质454. statistical[st'tstkl]a统计的,统计学的455. estimate[estmt]v/n估计;评估456. ethnic[eθnk]a种族的；人种学的457. evade[ved]vt逃避，回避；避开458. inevitable[nevtbl]a不可避免的,必然发生的459. revolve[rvlv]v(使)旋转;考虑;【天】公转,循环460. exclusive[ksklu:sv]a独占的;排他的;孤高的461. executive[gzekjtv]n总经理a执行的462. expertise[eksp:ti:z]n专门知识(或技能等),专长463. explode[kspld]v(使)爆炸,(使)爆发464. exploit[ksplt]v开发n功绩465. explore[kspl:(r)]v勘探,探测;探究466. routine[ru:ti:n]n常规a常规的467. approve[pru:v]v批准468. argue[ɑ:gju:]v争论；主张469. arouse[raz]v唤起470. arrest[rest]v逮捕，拘捕471. arrogant[rgnt]a傲慢的，自大的472. articulate[ɑ:tkjulet]a有关节的；发音清晰的473. artistic[ɑ:tstk]a艺术的474. descend[dsend]v下来,下降;遗传(指财产,气质,权利)475. transcend[trnsend]vt超出,超越(经验、知识、能力的范围)476. insult[nslt]vt/n侮辱,凌辱477. assert[s:t]v断言，声称478. assess[ses]v评估，评价479. asset[set]n资产480. similar[sml(r)]a(to)相似的,类似的481. eliminate[lmnet]vt除去;淘汰;排(删,消)除482. assist[sst]v协助483. resistant[rzstnt]a(to)抵抗的,有抵抗力的484. associate[siet]v使发生联系485. assure[(r)]v保证486. insure[n(r)]vt保险,给…保险;保证487. detach[dtt]vt分开,分遣,派遣(军队)488. contain[knten]v包含；容忍；可被除尽489. content['kntent]n容量a(with)满足的490. entertain[entten]n事业,企(事)业单位;事业心491. maintain[menten]v维修,保养,维持492. obtain[bten]v获得,得到493. retain[rten]v保持,保留494. sustain[ssten]vt支撑;维持,经受495. attempt[tempt]v试图，尝试496. tempt[tempt]v诱惑,引诱;吸引497. exempt[gzempt]a免除的v免除498. attend[tend]v出席，参加；注意499. contend[kntend]v竞争,斗争;坚决主张500. airline[elan]n航线，航空公司501. alert[l:t]a警惕的502. alien[elin]a外国的，相异的503. allege[led]v宣称，断言504. linguistic[lgwstk]a语言的，语言学的505. alliance[lans]n结盟，同盟506. allowance[lans]n津贴，补贴；默许507. alter[:lt(r)]v变更508. amiable[emibl]a和蔼的509. amaze[mez]v使大吃一惊510. ambiguous[mbgjus]a模棱两可的，含糊的511. vague[veg]a不明确的,含糊的,暧昧的512. extravagant[kstrvgnt]a奢侈的;过分的;(言行等)放肆的513. amend[mend]v修改514. nuclear[nju:kli(r)]a核心的,中心的;原子核的515. nuisance[nju:sns]n讨厌的人(或东西);麻烦事516. oblige[blad]v强迫;责成;(使)感激517. occupy[kjupa]v占用;占据;使忙碌518. odd[d]a奇数的;奇怪的;单只的519. odds[dz]n不平等,差异;机会520. upset[pset]v使…心烦意乱a难过的521. opponent[pnnt]n对手a对立的522. suppress[spres]v镇压;抑制,忍住523. stress[stres]n压力vt强调524. organic[:gnk]a器官的;有机的;有机体的525. paradox[prdks]n似非而是的话,自相矛盾的话,反论526. outrage[atred]n暴行v凌辱527. overall[vr:l]a全面的n(pl)(套头)工作服528. overseas[vsi:z]a外国的ad在海外529. overturn[vt:n]n倾覆v推翻530. palm[pɑ:m]n手掌vt与…握手,藏…于掌中531. parallel[prlel]a相同的n类似532. parcel[pɑ:sl]n包裹v打包533. pocket[pkt]n衣袋a袖珍的534. pattern[ptn]n模式;图案v仿制535. payment[pemnt]n支付536. peace[pi:s]n和平;平静,安宁537. pebble[pebl]n卵石538. specialize[spelaz]v(specialise)(in)专攻,专门研究,专业化539. specific[spsfk]a明确的,具体的;特定的540. specify[spesfa]v指定,详细说明541. permanent[p:mnnt]a永久的,持久的542. persuade[pswed]v说服,劝说;(of)使相信543. philosophy[flsfi]n哲学,哲理,人生观544. physical[fzkl]a物质的;身体的;物理的545. physician[fzn]n内科医生546. pilgrim[plgrm]n(在国外)旅游者;朝圣者,最初的移民547. plague[pleg]n瘟疫vt折磨548. political[pltkl]a政治的549. politician[pltn]n政治家,政客550. politics[pltks]n政治,政治学;政纲551. wonder[wnd(r)]n惊奇,v(at)想知道552. portray[p:tre]v描写，描述；画(人物、景象等)553. trait[tret]n特征,特点,特性554. potential[ptenl]a潜在的n潜能555. primary[pramri]a最初的,初级的;首要的556. prime[pram]a首要的n青春,全盛期557. prohibit[prhbt]v禁止,不准;阻止558. prone[prn]a倾向于,俯伏的,倾斜的559. prosper[prsp(r)]v成功,兴隆,昌盛560. protest[prtest]v/n主张,断言,抗议561. psychology[sakldi]n心理,心理学,心理状态562. purchase[p:ts]v买,购买n购买的物品563. inherit[nhert]vt继承(金钱等)，经遗传而得(性格、特征)564. hierarchy[harɑ:ki]n等级制度；统治集团，领导层565. hijack[hadk]v劫持，劫机，拦路抢劫566. honor['n(r)]n(honour)尊敬;荣誉v尊敬567. horizon[hrazn]n地平线;眼界,见识568. orient[:rient]n亚洲v为…定位569. original[rdnl]a最初的n原文570. originate[rdnet]v(in,from)起源;首创,创造571. ideology[adildi]n意识形态，(政治或社会的)思想意识572. illegal[li:gl]a不合法的,非法的573. legislation[ledslen]n法律(规)；立法，法律的制定(或通过)574. legitimate[ldtmt]a合法的vt使合法575. license[lasns]n(licence)许可证v准许,认可576. illusion[lu:n]n幻想，错误的观念；错觉，幻觉，假象577. illustrate[lstret]v举例说明,阐明;图解578. image[md]n形象；形象的描述，比喻579. imagine[mdn]v想象,设想,料想580. imitate[mtetv模仿,仿效;伪造581. imperative[mpertv]n命令a强制的582. indispensable[ndspensbl]a(to,for)必不可少的,必需的583. pension[penn]n养老金,年金584. indivial[ndvl]a个人的n个人,个体585. inferior[nfri(r)]a下等的n下级586. superior[su:pri(r)]a卓越的n上级587. prior[pra(r)]a优先的,在前的;(to)在…之前588. priority[prarti]n先,前;优先,重点589. initiative[ntv]a创始的n第一步590. innocent[nsnt]a(of)清白的,无罪的;单纯的591. innovation[nven]n改革，革新；新观念592. novel[nvl]n(长篇)小说a新奇的593. novelty[nvlti]n新奇,新颖,新奇的事物594. preside[przad]v(at,over)主持595. interpret[nt:prt]vt解释,说明;口译596. invalid[nvld]n伤残人a伤残的;无效的597. valid[vld]a有效的;有根据的;正当的598. prevail[prvel]v(over,against)取胜,占优势;流行599. variable[veribl]a可变的n变量600. variety[vrati]n种种,多种多样;种类601. various[veris]a各种各样的;不同的602. vary[veri]vt改变,变化;使多样化603. invent[nvent]v发明,创造;捏造604. journalist[d:nlst]n记者,新闻工作者605. justify[dstfa]v证明正当(或有理、正确)，为辩护606. senate[sent]n参议院,上院607. later[let(r)]ad后来,过后608. launch[l:nt]v发射n发射609. leading[li:d]a领导的,指导的;第一位的610. release[rli:s]v释放n释放611. reliance[rlans]n信任,信心,依靠612. religious[rlds]a宗教的,信教的,虔诚的613. liberal[lbrl]a慷慨的;富足的;自由的614. literacy[ltrsi]n有文化,有教养,有读写能力615. loyalty[llti]n忠诚,忠心616. magnificent[mgnfsnt]a华丽的,高尚的,宏伟的617. margin[mɑ:dn]n页边空白;边缘;余地618. mass[ms]n众多;(pl)群众;质量619. massive[msv]a厚实的,粗大的;大规模的620. optimistic[ptmstk]a乐观主义的621. pessimistic[pesmstk]a悲观(主义)的622. mechanism[meknzm]n机械装置,机构;机制623. metal[metl]n金属,金属制品624. miserable[mzrbl]a痛苦的,悲惨的625. misery[mzri]n痛苦,悲惨,不幸626. mobile[mbal]a可动的,活动的,运动的627. monopoly[mnpli]n垄断,专卖,专利权628. youngster[jst(r)]n小伙子，年轻人；少年629. moral[mrl]a道德(上)的n寓意,教育意义630. mount[mant]v登上n支架631. neat[ni:t]a整洁的,干净的,优美的632. nightmare[natme(r)]n恶梦；可怕的事物，无法摆脱的恐惧常见类型词1.经济：economic globalization（经济全球化）, sustainable development（可持续发展），unfair competition（不正当竞争），crack down on fake commodities （打假）， boom（繁荣）， fierce competition（激烈竞争）， credit crisis（信用危机）， stabilize prices （稳定物价），virtual economy（虚拟经济）2.文化： great and profound （博大精深的），integration and interaction（融合交汇），crash（碰撞），charming（极具魅力的），splendid（壮丽辉煌的），English fever（英语热） 3.环保：environment- friendly（生态型的，环保的），threat of global warming（全球变暖的威胁）, promote fundamental shifts in the economic system and mode of economic growth（促进经济体制和经济增长方式的转变），curb environmental pollution/ bring the pollution under control（治理环境污染），develop renewable resources （开发可再生资源），a low-carbon economy （低碳经济） 4.科技：science and technology（科学技术），web-addiction（沉迷网络）， computer crime（电脑犯罪）， e-commerce（电子商务）， virtual life （虚拟生活），information era（信息时代），cyber romance（网恋），surf the Internet（网上冲浪），因特网 the Internet (一定要由冠词，字母I 大写)，artificial intelligence(人工智能）5.就业：applicant（申请人）， position available/ vacant position（空缺职位）， competent（能胜任的）, be qualified for（合格的）, proficiency（熟练程度），job arrangement and benefit（工作待遇和福利）， promotion (晋升), gender-biased（性别歧视的）， appearance-biased（相貌歧视的），提供就业机会 offer job opportunities 6.大学生活/教育：cultivate（培养）， further one’s study （深造），quality ecation（素质教育），foster abilities（培养能力），relieve the burden on students（减轻学生负担），be occupied with so much schoolwork（忙于功课）place emphasis on（以…为重心），comprehensive（全面的，广泛的），practical capability（实际能力），ck-stuffing（填鸭式） 7.社会现象：enlightening（富有启发的），cause alarm and attention（引起了警惕和重视），set good example for（为…树立榜样），dedicate（做贡献）, take action （采取行动），ensure implementing activities（确保执行）， vulnerable（易诱惑的，易受影响的），be supposed to（应该） 8.人物特征、情感描写：strong-minded（坚强的），instrious（勤奋的）， promising（有前途的），dynamic（有生气的），responsible（有责任心的）, influential（有影响力的）， profound（渊博精深的），devoted（忠实的，投入的），warm-hearted（热心的）
兵工厂2019年考研管综真题完整版来了，今年初数难度有所增加
相较于大家比较关心的政治英语等题目，小编早早发出来了之外，接下来的试题小编也会慢慢整理到给大家，让2020的考生有所准备，能够利用好历年的题目！今天是冬至，虽然都广东这种满27度起送的天气算得上是夏至了，但是还是别忘了吃汤圆（北方是吃饺子对吧(*^▽^*)）管综的朋友可以继续玩了，但是对于有其他专业的考研同学来说，还是务必要记住，考完一科丢一科，千万不要相信任何机构草草做出来的所谓的参考答案而影响自己的考试发挥，包括小编的！管综初数部分下面小编把题目公布出来，今年的试题相对去年来说灵活度和难度有所增加，计算量也较去年偏大一些。重点考查了学生们的逻辑能力和知识的运用能力。初数特殊符号不好阅读，所以小编放截图了！三、逻辑推理：第26～30小题，每小题2分。下列每题给出的A、B、C、D、E五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。26．新常态下，消费需求发生深刻变化，消费拉开档次，个性化、多样化消费渐成主流。在相当一部分消费者那里，对产品质量的追求，压倒了对价格的考虑。供给侧结构性改革，说到底是满足需求。低质量的产能必然会过剩，而顺应市场需求不断更新换代的产能不会过剩。根据以上信息，可以推出以下哪项？A．顺应市场需求不断更新换代的产能不是低质量的产能。B．低质量的产能不能满足个性化需求。C．新常态下必须进行供给侧结构性改革。D．只有不断更新换代的产品才能满足个性化、多样化消费的需求。E．只有优质高价的产品才能满足需求。【参考答案】A27．据碳十四检测，卡皮瓦拉山岩画的创作时间最早追溯到3万年前，在文字尚未出现的时代，岩画是人类沟通交流传递信息，记录日常生活的主要方式，于是今天的我们可以在这些岩画中看到：一位母亲将孩子举起嬉戏，一家人在仰望并试图碰触头上的星空……动物是岩画的另一个主角，比如巨型犰狳、马鹿、螃蟹等。在许多画面中，人们手持长矛，追逐着前方的猎物，由此可以推断，此时的人类已经居于食物链的顶端。以下哪项如果为真，最能支持上述推断？A．能够使用工具使人类可以猎杀其他动物，而不是相反。B．对星空的敬畏是人类脱离动物，产生宗教的动因之一。C．岩画中出现的动物一般是当时人类捕猎的对象。D．3万年前人类需要避免自己被虎豹等大型食肉动物猎杀。E．有了岩画，人类可以将生活经验保留下来，供后代学习，这被极大地提高了人类的生存能力。【参考答案】A28．李诗、王悦、杜舒、刘默是唐诗宋词的爱好者，在唐朝诗人李白、杜甫、王维、刘禹锡中4人各喜欢其中一位，且每人喜爱的唐诗作者不与自己同姓，关于他们4人，已知：（1）如果爱好王维的诗，那么也爱好辛弃疾的词；（2）如果爱好刘禹锡的诗，那么也爱好岳飞的词；（3）如果爱好杜甫的诗，那么也爱好苏轼的词。如果李诗不爱好苏轼和辛弃疾的词，则可以得出以下哪项？A．王悦爱好苏轼的词。B．刘默爱好苏轼的词。C．杜舒爱好岳飞的词。D．杜舒爱好辛弃疾的词。E．李诗爱好岳飞的词。【参考答案】E29．人们一直在争论猫与狗谁更聪明。最近，有些科学家不仅研究了动物脑容量的大小，还研究其大脑皮层神经细胞的数量，发现猫平常似乎总摆出一副智力占优的神态，但猫的大脑皮层神经细胞的数量只有普通金毛犬的一半。由此，他们得出结论:狗比猫更聪明。以下哪项最可能是上述科学家得出结论的假设？A．狗可能继承了狼结群捕猎的特点，为了互相配合，它们需要做出一些复杂行为。B．狗善于与人类合作，可以充当导盲犬、陪护犬、搜救犬、警犬等，就对人类的贡献而言，狗能做的似乎比猫多。C．动物大脑皮层神经细胞的数量与动物的聪明程度呈正相关。D．棕熊的脑容量是金毛犬的3倍，但其脑神经细胞的数量却少于金毛犬，与猫很接近，而棕熊的脑容量却是猫的10倍。E．猫的脑神经细胞数量比狗少，是因为猫不像狗那样“爱交际”。【参考答案】C30～31题基于以下题干某单位拟派遣3名德才兼备的干部到西部地区进行精准扶贫。报名者踊跃，经过考察，最终确定了陈甲、傅乙、赵丙、邓丁、刘戊、张己6名候选人。根据工作需要，派遣还需满足以下条件：（1）若派遣陈甲，则派遣邓丁但不派遣张己；（2）若傅乙、赵丙至少派遣1人，则不派遣刘戊。30．以下哪项的派遣人选和上述条件不矛盾？A．赵丙、邓丁、刘戊。B．陈甲、傅乙、赵丙。C．傅乙、邓丁、刘戊。D．邓丁、刘戊、张己。E．陈甲、赵丙、刘戊。【参考答案】D31．如果陈甲、刘戊至少派遣1人，则可以得出以下哪项？A．派遣刘戊。B．派遣邓丁。C．派遣赵丙。D．派遣傅乙。E．派遣陈甲。【参考答案】B32．近年来，手机电脑的使用，导致工作与生活界限日益模糊，人们的平均睡眠时间一直在减少，熬夜已成为现代人生活的常态。科学研究表明，熬夜有损身体健康，睡眠不足不仅仅是多打几个哈欠那么简单。有科学家据此建议，人们应该遵守作息规律。以下哪项如果为真，最能支持上述科学家所作的建议？A．缺乏睡眠会降低体内脂肪，调节瘦素激素的水平，同时增加饥饿激素，容易导致暴饮暴食，体重增加。B．熬夜会让人的反应变慢，认知退步，思维能力下降，还会引发情绪失控，影响与他人的交流。C．所有的生命形式，都需要休息与睡眠。在人类进化过程中，睡眠这个让人短暂失去自我意识，变得极其脆弱的过程并未被大自然淘汰。D．睡眠是身体的自然美容师，与那些睡眠充足的人相比，睡眠不足的人看上去面容憔悴，缺乏魅力。E．长期睡眠不足会导致高血压、糖尿病、肥胖症、抑郁症等多种疾病，严重时更会造成意外伤害或死亡。【参考答案】E33．有一论证（相关语句用序号表示）如下：①今天，我们仍然要提倡勤俭节约。②节约可以增加社会保障资源。③我国尚有不少地区的人民生活贫困，亟需更多社会保障资源，但也有一些人浪费严重。④节约可以减少资源消耗。⑤因为被浪费的任何粮食或者物品都是消耗一定的资源得来的。如果用“甲→乙”表示甲支持（或证明）乙，则以下哪项对上述论证基本结构的表示最为准确？【参考答案】D34．研究人员用脑电图技术研究了母亲给婴儿唱童谣时两人的大脑活动发现：当母亲与婴儿对视时，双方脑电波趋于同步，此时婴儿也会发出更多的声音尝试与母亲交流。他们据此认为母亲与婴儿对视有助于婴儿的学习与交流。以下哪项如果为真，最能支持上述研究人员的观点？A．在两个成年人交流时，如果把他们的脑电波同步，交流就会更顺畅。B．当父母与孩子互动时，双方的情绪与心率可能也会同步。C．当部分学生对某学科感兴趣时，他们的脑电波会趋于同步，学习效果也会随之提升。D．当母亲与婴儿对视时，他们都在发出信号表明自己可以且愿意与对方交流。E．脑电波同步可优化双方对话状态，使交流更加默契，增进彼此了解。【参考答案】E35．本保险柜密码都是由4个阿拉伯数字和4个英文字母组成。已知：（1）若4个英文字母不连续排列，则密码组合中的数字之和大于15。（2）若4个英文字母连续排列，则密码组合中的数字之和等于15。（3）密码组合中的数字之和或者等于18，或者小于15。根据上述信息以下哪项是可能的密码组合？A．1adbe356。B．37ab26dc。C．2acgf716。D．58bcde32。E．18ac42de。【参考答案】B36.有一个6x6的方阵，它所包含的每个小方格中可填入一个汉字。已有部分汉字填入。现要求该方阵中的每行均含有礼、乐、射、御、书、数6个汉字，不能重复，不能遗漏。根据上述要求，以下哪项是方阵底行5个空格从左至右应填入的汉字？A．数、礼、乐、射、御。B．乐、数、御、射、礼。C．数、礼、乐、御、射。D．乐、礼、射、数、御。E．数、御、乐、射、礼。【参考答案】A37．某市青年节设立了流行、民谣、摇滚、民族、电音、说唱、爵士这7类的奖项评选。在入围名单中，已知：（1）至少有6类入围；（2）流行、民谣、摇滚中至多有2类入围；（3）如果摇滚和民族类都入围，则电音和说唱中至少有1类没有入围。根据上述信息，可以得出以下哪项？A．流行类没有入围。B．民谣类没有入围。C．摇滚类没有入围。D．爵士类没有入围。E．电音类没有入围。【参考答案】C38.某大学有位女教师默默资助一偏远山区的贫困家庭长达15年。记者多方打听，发现做好事的都是该大学传媒学院甲、乙、丙、丁、戊5位老师中的一位。在接受采访时，5位老师都很谦虚，他们对记者这么说的：甲：这件事是乙做的；乙：我没有做，是丙做了这件事；丙：我没有做这件事；丁：我也没有做这件事，是甲做的；戊：如果甲没有做，则丁也不会做。记者后来得知，上述5位老师，只有1人说的话符合真实情况。根据上述信息，可以得出做这件好事的人是：A．甲。B．乙。C．丙。D．丁。E．戊。【参考答案】D39.作为一名环保爱好者，赵博士提倡低碳生活，积极宣传节能减排。但我不赞同他的做法，因为，作为一名大学老师，他这样做，占用了大量科研时间，到现在连副教授都没评上。他的观点怎么能令人信服呢？以下哪项论证中的错误和上述最为相似？A．张某提出要同工同酬，主张在质量相同的情况下，不分年龄、级别，一律按件计酬，他这样说话不就是因为她年轻、级别低吗？其实，她是在为自己谋利益。B．公司的绩效奖励制度是为了充分调动广大员工的积极性，它对所有员工都是公平的。如果有人对此有不同意见，则说明他反对公平。C．最近听说你对单位的管理制度提了不少意见，这真是令人难以置信！单位领导对你差吗？这么做分明是和单位领导过不去。D．单位任命李某担任信息科科长，听说你对此有意见。大家都没有提意见，只有你一个人有意见，看来你是有问题的。E．有一种观点认为，只有直接看到的事物才能确信其存在。但是没有人可以看到质子、电子。而这些都被科学证明是客观存在的。所以该观点是错误的。【参考答案】A40．下面6张卡片，一面印的是汉字（动物或者花卉），一面印的是数字（奇数或偶数）。对于上述6张卡片，如果要验证“每张至少有一面印的是偶数或者花卉”，至少需要翻看几张卡片？A．2。B．3。C．4。D．5。E．6。【参考答案】B41．某地人才市场招聘保洁、物业、网管、销售等4种岗位的从业者，有甲、乙、丙、丁4位年轻人前来应聘。事后所知，每人只选择一种岗位应聘，且每种岗位都有其中一人应聘。另外，还知道：（1）如果丁应聘网管，那么甲应聘物业；（2）如果乙不应聘保洁，那么甲应聘保洁且丙应聘销售；（3）如果乙应聘保洁，那么丙应聘销售，丁也应聘保洁。根据以上陈述，可以得出以下哪项？A．甲应聘物业岗位。B．丁应聘销售岗位。C．丙应聘保洁岗位。D．甲应聘网管岗位。E．乙应聘网管岗位。【参考答案】E42．旅游是一种独特的文化体验。游客可以跟团游，也可以自由行。自由行游客虽避免了跟团游的集体束缚，但也放弃了人工导游的全程讲解，而近年来他们了解旅游景点的文化需求却有增无减。为适应这一市场需求，基于手机平台的多款智能导游APP被开发出来。它们可定位用户位置，自动提供景点讲解、游览问答等功能。有专家就此提出，未来智能导游必然会取代人工导游，传统的导游职业行将消亡。以下哪项如果为真，最能质疑上述专家的论断？A．目前发展较好的智能导游APP用户量在百万级左右，这与当前中国旅游人数总量相比还只是一个很小的比例，市场还没有培养出用户的普遍消费习惯。B．旅行中才会使用的智能导游APP，如何保持用户黏性、未来又如何取得商业价值等都是待解问题。C．好的人工导游可以根据游客需求进行不同类型的讲解，不仅关注景点，还可表达观点，个性化很强，这是智能导游APP难以企及的。D．国内景区配备的人工导游需要收费，大部分导游讲解的内容都是事先背好的标准化内容。但是，即便人工导游没有特色，其退出市场也需要一定的时间。E．至少有95%的国外景点所配备的导游讲解器没有中文语音，中国出境游客因为语言和文化上的差异，对智能导游APP的需求比较强烈。【参考答案】C43．甲：上周去医院，给我看病的医生竟然还在抽烟。乙：所有抽烟的医生都不关心自己的健康，而不关心自己健康的人也不会关心他人的健康。甲：是的，不关心他人健康的医生没有医德。我今后再也不会让没有医德的医生给我看病了。根据上述信息，以下除了哪项，其余各项均可得出？A．乙认为上周给甲看病的医生不会关心乙的健康。B．甲认为他不会再找抽烟的医生看病。C．甲认为上周给他看病的医生不会关心甲的健康。D．甲认为上周给他看病的医生不会关心医生自己的健康。E．乙认为上周给甲看病的医生没有医德。【参考答案】E44．得道者多助，失道者寡助。寡助之至，亲戚畔之；多助之至，天下顺之。以天下之所顺，攻亲戚之所畔，故君子有不战，战必胜矣。以下哪项是上述论证所隐含的前提？A．得道者必胜失道者。B．失道者必定得不到帮助。C．君子是得道者。D．失道者亲戚畔之。E．得道者多，则天下太平。【参考答案】C45．如今，孩子写作业不仅仅是他们自己的事，大多数中小学生的家长都要面临陪孩子写作业的任务，包括给孩子听写、检查作业、签字等。根据一项针对3000余名家长进行的调查显示，84%的家长每天都会陪孩子写作业，而67%的受访家长会因陪孩子写作业而烦恼。有专家对此指出，家长陪孩子写作业，相当于充当学校老师的助理，让家庭成为课堂的延伸，会对孩子的成长产生不利影响。以下哪项如果为真，最能支持上述论证？A．大多数家长在孩子教育上并不是行家，他们或者早已遗忘了自己曾经学过的知识，或者根本不知道如何将自己拥有的知识传授给孩子。B．家长陪孩子写作业，会使得孩子在学习中缺乏独立性和主动性，整天处于老师和家长的双重压力下，既难生发学习兴趣，又难养成独立人格。C．家长是最好的老师，家长辅导孩子获得各种知识本来就是家庭教育的应有之义，对于中低年级的孩子，学习过程中的父母陪伴尤为重要。D．家长通常有自己的本职工作，有的晚上要加班，有的即使晚上回家也需要研究工作，操持家务，一般难有精力认真完成学校老师布置的“家长作业”。E．家长辅导孩子，不应围绕老师布置的作业，而应着重激发孩子的学习兴趣，培养孩子良好的学习习惯，让孩子在成长中感到新奇、快乐。【参考答案】B46．我国天山是垂直地带性的典范。已知天山的植被形态分布具有如下特点：（1）从低到高有荒漠、森林带、冰雪带等；（2）只有经过山地草原，荒漠才能演变成森林带；（3）如果不经过森林带，山地草原就不会过渡到山地草甸；（4）山地草甸的海拔不比山地草甸草原的低，也不比高寒草甸高。根据以上信息，关于天山植被形态，按照由低到高排列，以下哪项是不可能的？A．荒漠、山地草原、山地草甸草原、森林带、山地草甸、高寒草甸、冰雪带。B．荒漠、山地草原、山地草甸草原、高寒草甸、森林带、山地草甸、冰雪带。C．荒漠、山地草甸草原、山地草原、森林带、山地草甸、高寒草甸、冰雪带。D．荒漠、山地草原、山地草甸草原、森林带、山地草甸、冰雪带、高寒草甸。E．荒漠、山地草原、森林带、山地草甸草原、山地草甸、高寒草甸、冰雪带。【参考答案】B47．某大学读书会开展“一月一书”活动。读书会成员甲、乙、丙、丁、戊5人在《论语》《史记》《唐诗三百首》《奥德赛》《资本论》中各选一种阅读，互不重复。已知：（1）甲爱读历史，会在《史记》和《奥德赛》中挑一本；（2）乙和丁只爱读中国古代经典，但现在都没有读诗的心情；（3）如果乙选《论语》，则戊选《史记》。事实上，各人都选了自己喜爱的书目。根据上述信息，可以得出以下哪项？A．乙选《奥德赛》。B．戊选《资本论》。C．丙选《唐诗三百首》。D．甲选《史记》。E．丁选《论语》。【参考答案】E48．如果一个人只为自己劳动，他也许能够成为著名学者、大哲人、卓越诗人，然而他永远不能成为完美无暇的伟大人物。如果我们选择了最能为人类福利而劳动的职业，那么，重担就不能把我们压倒,因为这是为大家而献身；那时我们所感到的就不是可怜的、有限的、自私的乐趣,我们的幸福将属于千百万人，我们的事业将默默地、但是永恒发挥作用地存在下去，而面对我们的骨灰，高尚的人们将洒下热泪。根据以上陈述,可以得出以下哪项？A．如果我们只为自己劳动，我们的事业就不会默默地、但是永恒发挥作用地存在下去。B．如果我们为大家而献身，我们的幸福将属于千百万人，面对我们的骨灰，高尚的人们将洒下热泪。C．如果我们没有选择最能为人类福利而劳动的职业,我们所感到的就是可怜的、有限的、自私的乐趣。D．如果一个人只为自己劳动，不是为大家而献身，那么重担就能将他压倒。E．如果选择了最能为人类福利而劳动的职业,我们就不但能够成为著名学者、大哲人、卓越诗人,而且还能够成为完美无瑕的伟大人物。【参考答案】B49～50基于以下题干：某食堂采购4类(各种蔬菜名称的后一个字相同，即为一类)共12种蔬菜：芹菜、菠菜、韭菜、青椒、红椒、黄椒、黄瓜、冬瓜、丝瓜、扁豆、毛豆、豇豆，并根据若干条件将其分成3组，准备在早、中、晚三餐中分别使用。已知条件如下：（1）同一类别的蔬菜不在一组；（2）芹菜不能在黄椒那一组，冬瓜不能在扁豆那一组；（3）毛豆必须与红椒或韭菜同一组；（4）黄椒必须与豇豆同一组。49．根据以上信息，可以得出以下哪项？A．冬瓜与青椒不在同一组。B．丝瓜与韭菜不在同一组。C．芹菜与毛豆不在同一组。D．芹菜与豇豆不在同一组。E．菠菜与扁豆不在同一组。【参考答案】D50．如果韭菜、青椒与黄瓜在同一组，则可以得出以下哪项？A．菠菜、冬瓜与豇豆在同一组。B．韭菜、黄瓜与毛豆在同一组。C．芹菜、红椒与丝瓜在同一组。D．菠菜、黄椒与豇豆在同一组。E．芹菜、红椒与扁豆在同一组。【参考答案】D51．《淮南子·齐俗训》中有曰：“今屠牛而烹其肉，或以为酸，或以为甘，煎熬燎炙，齐味万方，其本一牛之体。”其中的“熬”便是熬牛制汤的意思。这是考证牛肉汤做法的最早文献资料，某民俗专家由此推测，牛肉汤的起源不会晚于春秋战国时期。以下哪项如果为真，最能支持上述推测？A．《淮南子》的作者中有来自齐国故地的人。B．早在春秋战国时期，我国已经开始使用耕牛。C．《淮南子·齐俗训》记述的是春秋张国时期齐国的风俗习惯。D．《淮南子·齐俗训》完成与西汉时期。E．春秋战国时期我国已经有熬汤的鼎器。【参考答案】C52．某研究机构以约2万名65岁以上的老人为对象，调查了笑的频率与健康的关系。结果显示，在不苟言笑的老人中，认为自身现在的健康状态“不怎么好”和“不好”的比例分别是几乎每天都笑的老人的1．5倍和1．8倍。爱笑的老人对自我健康状态的评价往往较高。他们由此认为，爱笑的老人更健康。以下哪项如果为真，最能质疑上述调查者的观点？A．病痛的折磨使得部分老人对自我健康状态的评价不高。B．良好的家庭氛围使得老年人生活更乐观，身体更健康。C．身体健康的老年人中，女性爱笑的比例比男性高10个百分点。D．老年人的自我健康评价往往和他们实际的健康状况之间存在一定的差距。E．乐观的老年人比悲观的老年人更长寿。【参考答案】D53．阔叶树的降尘优势明显，吸附PM2.5的效果最好。一棵阔叶树一年的平均滞尘量达3.16公斤。针叶树叶面积小，吸附PM2.5功能较弱。全年平均下来，阔叶林的吸尘效果要比针叶林强不少，阔叶林也比灌木和草的吸尘效果好得多。以北京常见的针叶树国槐为例，成片的国槐吸尘效果比同等面积的普通草地约高30%。有些人据此认为，为了降尘，北京应大力推广阔叶林，并尽量减少针叶林面积。以下哪项如果为真，最能削弱上述有关人员的观点？A．植树造林既要治理PM2.5，也要治理其他污染物，需要合理布局。B．阔叶林与针叶林比例失调，不仅极易暴发病虫害、火灾等，还会影响林木的生长和健康。C．建造通风走廊，能把城市和郊区的森林连接起来，让清新的空气吹入，降低城区的PM2.5。D．阔叶树冬天落叶在寒冷的冬季，其养护成本远高于针叶树。E．针叶树冬天虽然不落叶，但基本处于“休眠”状态，生物活性差。【参考答案】B54～55题基于以下题干：某园艺公司打算在如下形状的花圃中栽种玫瑰、兰花、菊花三个品种的花卉，该花圃的形状如下所示:拟栽种的玫瑰有紫、红、白3种颜色，兰花有红、白、黄3种颜色，菊花有白、黄、蓝三种颜色，栽种需满足如下要求：（1）每个六边形格子中仅栽种一个品种、一个颜色的花；（2）每个品种只栽种两种颜色的花；（3）相邻格子的花，其品种与颜色均不相同。54．若格子5中是红色的花，则以下哪项是不可能的？A．格子2中是紫色的玫瑰。B．格子1中是白色的兰花。C．格子1中是白色的菊花。D．格子4中是白色的兰花。E．格子6中是蓝色的菊花。【参考答案】C55．若格子5中是红色的玫瑰，且格子3中是黄色的花，则可以得出以下哪项？A．格子1中是紫色的玫瑰。B．格子4中是白色的菊花。C．格子2中是白色的菊花。D．格子4中是白色的兰花。【参考答案】D四、写作：第56～57小题，共65分。其中论证有效性分析30分，论说文35分。56．论证有效性分析：分析下述论证中存在的缺陷和漏润，选择若干要点，写一篇600字左右的文章，对论证的有效性进行分析和评论。（论证有效性分析的一般要点是：概念特别是核心概念的界定和使用是否准确并前后一致，有无各种明显的逻辑错误，论证的论据是否成立并支持结论，结论成立的条件是否充分等等）有人认为选择越多快乐，其理由：．。常言道：“知足常乐。”一个人．．造成的。主要逻辑谬误：（1）事物是无穷的推不出选择是无穷的。因为世界万物确实是多样的，但是选择却是需要对象的，在没确定选择对象是什么的情况下无法得知其是无穷的。（2）“选择越多越快乐”并不意味着只有无穷的选择才能使人感到最快乐，因为使人感到快乐也有其他的途径，没了无穷的选择也能快乐。何况快乐的程度还需界定清楚，在没比较的情况下难以得出最快乐。（3）非黑即白。不会感到快乐推不出就只会感到痛苦。快乐和痛苦不是仅有的两种情感形式，可能仅是平常的心态。（4）做选择时不一定先对各个选项进行分析再决策。当有一定目标时，纵使有很多其余选择可能也无需一一分析，直接做出选择。（5）付出精力多未必带来烦恼。很可能在分析选项时排除掉不可行的方案，或许不仅不会烦还可能会提高自己的成就感。（6）选择越多失误的概率不一定会越高，失误的概率增加不仅是看选择量的多少，还需要看错误选项是否难以区分。（7）飞机晚点而后悔没坐高铁的原因归结于可选交通工．具多有些牵强，真正的原因很可能是对自己的选择错误而后悔，与交通工具多少无关。（8）选择没有绝对的对错不一定就有优劣之分，很可能存在同好同坏的平行选项。（9）懊悔的概率大不代表就越苦。概率是一种可能性，但痛苦是一个确定结果，由一个不知道是否会发生的概率如何能确定人是否苦呢？（10）懊悔股票未赚到更多钱而痛苦的原因归结于可选购的股票多也很牵强。真正原因很可能是对自己决策错误而懊悔苦57．论说文：根据下述材料，写一篇700字左右的论说文，题目自拟。知识的真理性只有经过检验才能得到证明。论辩．．发现真理。参考立意：思想碰撤迸发真理火花／论辩出真知
异日揭秘考场试卷的大坑，每年坑害无数人！（附：备考神器）
对于英语复习，真题是块宝，整个初试阶段的考研英语复习都要围绕真题展开。But，你知道关于英语真题的一个隐藏大bug么?!今天小白就先给大家悄咪咪透露下，并且给大家推荐一些英语刷真题、整理生词的神器，不说废话，马上开车！1让人气炸的考场真题排版考场真题是16K纸张，8纸（正反双面），共16页。其中封面占据1张纸，剩下7张纸是题目，共14页。第1页（正面）是完形填空材料，第2页（反面）是完形填空的20个选项。第3页（正面）是Text1的阅读材料，第4页（反面）是Text1的5道题…关于考场试卷的排版，两个字：任性！四个字：任性到炸！往年给大家说的时候，有可耐滴小小白评论说「撕开不就行了~」……1、考场试卷不能撕2、一张纸的正反面，怎么撕?!而且完形和四篇阅读的题目和选项都是这样的。考场做题的时候，需要大家把试卷来回翻，考场上，会听到很多唰唰唰翻试卷的声音。很多人平时刷题刷得好好的，结果上了考场，因为不习惯它的排版，结果GG了，以下是一位小小白的血泪史：去年我第一次考研，英语试卷刚拿到手，我就懵了！一看排版，我不知道别人是什么感觉，反正我是欲哭无泪。第一题：完形填空，正面是文章，反面是选项。第二题，正面是阅读材料，反面是5个题目……跟我平常练习做题的试卷完全不一样好么？以为「刷真题」重在做题，没想到却被真题排版给坑了！「正面阅读材料，反面试题及选项」，这样的考研英语真题排版，你还能再坑一点吗？严重影响了做题的效率啊~不说了，说多了真的全是泪啊！这种问题也很好解决，把完形的题目，直接印在封面反面的空白页上就可以了。比较欣慰的是，19考研er已经有一些省份的考生表示完善过来了，比如：辽宁、黑龙江、山东等。但仍旧有不少省份的考生表示没有改过来，依旧反人类，比如：湖北、河北、山西等。求人不如求己，不管怎样，我们在平时刷真题的时候就开始注意总归是好的。2刷题背生词神器，考研必备！大家刷真题一般都是用市面上的真题解析书籍，比如《黄皮书》等等。但除了这个，不少小小白也想要『英语真题的电子版』，因为真题要反复刷，有了电子版就可以随便打印啦~除此之外，真题电子版之所有深受喜爱，重要的一点就是电子版可以在电脑上刷，配合一些软件的「屏幕取词」功能，碰到生词直接把鼠标放在生词上就可全方位学习生词~刷题效率蹭蹭蹭有木有!!!屏幕取词的软件有很多，比如「有道词典」「欧陆词典」「灵格斯」等，下面再给大家演示欧路词典（用其他软件也可以）：欧路词典具有划词翻译及屏幕取词功能，点击首页右上角“工具”可进行功能选择：可设置划词翻译及屏幕取词（也可只选其一），设置如下：划词翻译：利用快捷键进行划词，鼠标点击蓝色图标，即可看到单词页面，运行如下：屏幕取词：将鼠标悬停于生词旁，即可进行屏幕取词：然后点击右上角“详细”，会出现以下页面：大家可以对重点生词进行拓展学习，比如查看同近义词，常用例句，添加单词笔记，对单词做重点标记等等。大家可以注册一个账号，同样可以将生词，笔记等同步到手机APP哦~我们可以「按真题年份整理」生词，也可「按题型整理」。比如把所有阅读生词设置一个分组，把翻译生词设置一个分组，这样形成专属生词本。然后有针对性地背诵，有助于复习一轮后的查漏补缺！
激者21考研英语一基础差也能过国家线？
是不是很多同学都因为四六级没过而放弃考研？！！四六级成绩不理想确实能体现出英语基础不够扎实，但它和考研的考核标准以及考核方式并不完全一致。只要找对学习方法，再以比竞争对手多双倍甚至更多倍的恒心和毅力去坚持执行复习规划，英语过线并不是遥不可及。首先需要立足实际情况，基础薄弱但又要考英语一确实是一个很大的挑战，想拿到一个漂亮的分数就必须先明确考试内容，都说英语一比英语二难，到底难在何处呢？先来看看大纲对两者的词汇要求：表中用下划线标注出来的是英一比英二更加注重的考点，也就是说，你不仅要能记住单词，还要将单词的来源、衍生以及关系都融会贯通，将本来零碎的单词构建出专属于你自己的词汇网。在语法要求上，两者区别如下：英二考纲详尽地列举出了关于词性、时态和从句等语法要求，这就像期末考试一样，老师重点一划瞬间觉得稳了！英一没有具体语法要求，这也侧面说明考查涵盖面很广，但是先不用慌，别立马找本语法书从头啃，说功利一点，对于短期备考的应用型考试来说，最宝贵的参考资料还是来源于真题，只有把真题吃得透透的，你才能更清晰地掌握考点以及出题风格和思路。那么，如何把真题利用到极致呢？Part 1：单词推荐资料：真题+红宝书/恋练有词单词是一天都不能落下的，关于什么谐音记忆、分类记忆以及艾斯浩宾记忆线都只是辅助手段，需要根据具体情况来结合使用。最笨也是最有用的方法就是不断地让单词出现在你眼前，可以早中晚三次进行记忆背诵，哪怕是默读一遍也能加深一层记忆。非常推荐从真题里记单词，毕竟考研阅读的来源都是国外周刊，并不是按着考纲词汇给你现写一篇出来。具体记忆步骤如下：①准备好真题：最好上网找电子文档给打印下来，至于买的黄皮书或者考研圣经这些留着后期模拟考试氛围的时候做，现阶段只需用到答案解析；②通读全文并标记生词：只要是你不认识的单词，无论是文章、问题还是选项都必须勾画出来，查出中文意思后粗翻全文，理顺文章逻辑即可；③摘抄生词并记忆：把勾画出来的单词摘抄到笔记本上，每天不断地回顾单词和文章直到记住单词为止，这个过程中是可以借助单词书或者单词APP拓宽词汇量并不断复盘的。Part 2：阅读理解推荐资料：张剑黄皮书为方便总结，暂且把完形填空归类到阅读理解，这一part包括了完形填空、传统阅读理解、新题型以及翻译四个部分。完形填空即英语知识运用，不仅考查是否掌握不同语境中规范的语言要素，对连贯性和一致性等语段特征的辨识能力也要求颇高，体裁多以记叙文为主，说明文、议论文为辅。做题过程大致如下：①快速浏览选项：了解选项词性之后在阅读正文②阅读文章，找中心句：辨析文章类型及大意，把握文章时态③分析具体考点：辨析题型是否为短语搭配、词义复现还是需要结合上下文找出正确选项，需要对症下药④再次通读全文：检查答案是否合理，注意上下文的对仗关系和逻辑关系，联系实际作出分析判断传统阅读理解作为经典题型，传统阅读理解大家都很熟悉，考研英语更注重长难句的理解。其攻克方法如下：①提取主干：一般包括主谓宾，句子的主干是信息传递的主要载体，修饰成分无论多么复杂都只起到辅助作用②断句：拿到长难句先找出连词或标点符号等区分清主从部分，把它分解为若干个简单句③分析句子成分：根据谓语动词判断时态和语气，接着看看是否有插入语、同位语或者是省略部分等④挖掘句子深意：联系上下文，结合语境分析出句子真正表达的含义阅读专项训练一定要按时按质完成，如果效率不高，可以试试这样做：①先读题、再读文：通过审题把握文章脉络和主旨大意，快速定位线索句以便提高速度和正确率②精翻全文：仔细分析线索句的句子结构和成分，一时难以理解的句子可做摘抄和背诵注意：①正反混淆：选项的内容和作者在原文中提到的信息相反②偷换概念：提到了原文的内容，但是却将原文对应部分中的另一个关键词或短语换成了意思不同的其他词汇，要注意辨别③因果倒置：选项中涉及的两部分之间的因果关系与原文正好相反，将原文的因换成了果或者将原文的果换成了因，要看清楚④扩大范围：将原文的特指（只适用于部分）变为泛指（即适用于全部）。例如，在选项中出现表示泛指的复数名词作主语时要注意该名词在原文的范围，如果选项中所说的情况只适用于主语所指的一部分，那么这一选项就是干扰选项新题型新题型比较简单，主要考核方式有七选五、选标题以及段落排序，但都意在考查逻辑思维、信息提取以及文章结构理解等能力，练题时须注意语段特征并保持文章连贯性和一致性。翻译（英译汉）英一需要翻译概念或结构较复杂的文字材料（画线句子），平均分较低。要注重提升英语基本功以及如何转换出通顺流畅的中文表达，注意提高语言组织能力。具体方法如下：①通读全文：了解文章的整体内容，准确把握作者所要表达的主题思想和重要事实②层层剥茧：英译汉的句子一般比较长，而且结构也比较复杂，要分析清楚句子层次，翻译时做到有的放矢③斟酌句意：注意固定表达、特殊含义和代词的指代意义等④灵活表达，审校润色：复查译文的一些漏洞和不足之处,如人名、地名、日期、数字、时间等细节是否有遗漏和错译的地方、指代关系是否明确一致等，使语言表达更简明扼要。Part 3：写作推荐资料：王江涛考研高分写作先来看看大纲对写作模块的要求：这也就是说，考研英语的写作并不要求你才华横溢，写出一篇辞藻华丽还惊天地泣鬼神的大作出来，只要你格式和拼写正确并且逻辑通顺言之有理就能拿到一个不错的分数。写作有A、B两部分，通常称为小作文和大作文，日常练笔之后，比对答案总结一下写作框架以及段首段末的套话，在第二遍刷真题的时候就用进去加深印象，从而避免死记硬背。小作文：要求撰写私人或公务信函、告示以及备忘录等等，通常是“232”，即第一段2句话，第二段3句话，第三段2句话。应用文的格式要求很重要，要熟记各种信函的格式以免丢分。大作文：根据图画信息展开写作，话题一般是社会热点、人生哲理和环境保护等。段落模板通常为“343”（可随机应变），首段描述图片详情，第二段引入个人观点，末段总结或提供解决方案。答题步骤一般如下：①审题：小作文2分钟，大作文3分钟，从刚开始练习就养成习惯②拟定大纲：根据写作方向和内容，大致梳理出写作框架③检查语法和拼写：错误的地方不要画墨团，轻轻划一道斜线就可以了，争取给阅卷老师留下好印象完成上述各部分练习后，在10月左右就需要掐时训练真题了，整张卷子一次性做完。具体的时间分配可参考下表：此外，还可以借助答题卡来营造考试氛围，既能规范答题（把涂答题卡的时间算进去），又不至于上了考场手忙脚乱，答题纸可以网上买，也可以自己打印。特此说明：上述方法主要针对考研英语，真正掌握一门语言还是需要在听说读写上多下功夫知道方法就赶快去学吧欲戴皇冠，必承其重，考研难是肯定的迎难而上才能笑到最后
闻诗考研英语难上热搜，作文题目里两个单词看懵一圈人！范文和解析来了
12月22日，2019年研究生考试开考，全国290万考生报名，创下10年来最高记录。第一天英语考试就难哭，“考研英语一难”，“debate是什么意思”连着两个考研英语相关话题上了微博热搜。 看到热搜话题，网友们纷纷表示：“看到大家都不会，我就放心了。”有监考老师看到卷子后都果断放弃了：不少人表示，根本没看懂，今年的题似乎不能按套路来……“感觉今年英语难出新高度，新题型半天选不出来，翻译题做得狗屁不通……和往年真题比也太难了。”到底是什么题目难倒了广大考生呢？根据考生回忆，英语一的小作文题目是，我为一个援助乡村小学（aiding rural primary school）工作，一个国际志愿者要求我写新告诉他项目的细节。许多网友表示，“只认识school”，“rural”什么意思?英语一的大作文是一幅图，两个爬山的人，一个想要放弃，另一个劝他坚持。根据图片写文章，要求简单描述图片内容，阐述图片表达的含义，并给出你的评价。考研二的小作文是一个教授让学生设计一个关于城市交通的辩论(debate)主题。很多考生不认识debate这个单词，拿到题目一脸懵。大作文是根据图表写文章，主题是大学生毕业去向。图表是中文的，描绘了2013年-2018年毕业生的几个选择，很多考生看到“创业”就懵了，不知道用英语怎么表达。那么，今年的考研英语真的有那么难吗？看看专家的解读。2019考研英语一真题小作文参考范文【参考范文】Dear friend,I am greatly pleased to receive your letter and I am writing to you to express my sincere hope that I can offer you some details about the project of Aiding Rural Primary School. The details are as follows.In the first place, the aim of this project is to help rural children in a poor financial condition to improve their English, which needs you make an English teaching plan in advance. In the second place, this project will be held at June, lasting about 15days, therefore it is essential for you to prepare some clothes and daily necessities.In the last place, importance should be attached to the role played by the language e to the fact that there is a few people understanding English, which needs you are capable of speaking basic Chinese.I wish my introction could satisfy your requirement, and look forward to discussing more details with you.Yours Sincerely,Li Ming【参考译文】亲爱的朋友：我很开心收到你的来信，我写这封信主要是为你详细介绍一下关于“援助乡村小学”项目的信息，细节如下：首先，这个项目是为了帮助乡村家庭条件不好的孩子提高他们的英文水平，需要你提前做一份英语教学计划，其次这个项目将在6月进行并将持续15天，因此你需要准备一些衣物和日用品。最后，由于当地的人基本不懂英语，所以你最好学习一些汉语的基本表达。我希望我的介绍回答了你想知道的问题，期待和你讨论更多的细节。你最真挚的，李明【解题思路】今年的小作文考得主要是关于一个项目的介绍，并给这位志愿者回信，那么这篇小作文可以写介绍信，在之前的考试中也有类似的话题，所以构思上还是很容易的。第一段主要表达一下自己收到来信的心情并表达一下自己这封回信的目的，第二段可以展开对项目进行介绍，比如项目的目标、背景、时间或者地点等，也可以拓展一些自己会写的内容，第三段就是常规的客套，希望这封回信能帮到对方或者在未来能与对方进行进一步的讨论。只要你有作文框架和思路，这篇作文还是很容易拿高分的。2019考研英语(二)真题大作文：毕业生去向【题目要求】48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)【参考范文】This bar chart depicts the changes of college students’ different choices after graation from 2013 to 2018. According to the data given above, the percentage of hunting for a job has decreased from 68.1% to 60.7% while the percentage of pursuing a further study in postgraate schools increased from 26.3% to 34.0%. By contrast, the change of the percentage of starting a business is not obvious.There are several possible factors which account for this phenomenon and the followings are the typical ones. On the one hand, e to the increasing emphasis on ecation, pursuing a further study has become much more popular for college students. On the other, it is the stress from fierce employment competition that makes college students realize the significance of enhancing their academic level and practical skills, which explains the reason why the percentage of hunting for a job has decreased obviously.From what has been mentioned above, we can easily come to the conclusion that this established trend is acceptable. And it is wise for postgraate students to broaden their horizons and to improve their practical skills ring postgraate study. Only in this way, can they be qualified for the future position.【参考范文】该柱状图描述了2013年至2018年间毕业大学生选择的变化。根据以上数据，找工作的比例从68.1%下降到了60.7%；选择继续深造的比例从26.3%上升到了34.0%。相比之下，创业的比例变化并不明显。导致上述现象的原因可能有多个，但接下来我要说的是最为典型的两个。一方面，由于对教育的重视程度越来越高，继续深造已经成为越来越多的大学生的选择。另一方面，激烈的就业竞争压力使大学生意识到了提高学术水平和实践技能的重要性，这也就说明了为什么找工作的比例会明显下降。综上所述，可以得出如下结论：上述所反映的既定趋势是可以接受的。但是，在读研期间拓宽视野并提高实践能力才是明智的。只有这样，他们才能胜任未来的工作。考研英语（二）题目如下：Directions: Suppose professor Smith asks you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic, write an email to him. 1）Suggest a topic and with your reasons; 2）And your arrangements.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Don’t use your own name, use “Zhang Wei” instead. Don’t write your address. (10 points)首先，从形式来讲，2019考研英语（二）小作文的出题形式基本和历年真题保持一致，给出一个简要的指导，且依旧延续了历年小作文两点提纲的风格。但是，不变中蕴含的却是变化，参加过考试的考生肯定在考场上就发现，2019考研英语（二）小作文的署名发生了变化，由“李明”换回了“张伟”。这又缘何说起呢？简要回顾2010年到2018年考研英语（二）小作文的署名，我们发现，从2010年到2012年，署名均以“张伟”的形式出现；之后从2012年到2018年，除却2015年的通知，均要求以“李明”署名结束。然而，2019再次换回“张伟”，这就提醒广大考生，考场上一定要仔细审题，不能放过题目中的任何信息，否则都会造成失分。其次，从难易程度上来看，2019考研英语（二）基本也和历年真题持平。题目是围绕一个有关城市交通的辩论展开的话题，具体来说就是一位史密斯教授让“你”制定一个有关城市交通主题辩论的计划，并写出你对整场辩论的安排。“城市交通”是贴近考生生活的话题，所以，针对这一话题，广大考生不用担心缺乏行文思路，导致难以落笔。其次，有关辩论的安排，仔细分析，跟2013年以及2015年考研英语（二）小作文有相似之处。2013年是关于慈善义卖活动的电子邮件，2015年是招募志愿者的夏令营的通知，涉及活动必然要求写明活动起止时间、持续时间以及活动地点，所以，认真备考过的考生在写第二点提纲时可以借鉴2013年和2015年背过的句式及表达进行写作。不过，从另一方面来看，2019考研英语（二）小作文可能困扰考生的地方在于“debate”一词，该词对基础扎实的考生构不成威胁，但对于基础薄弱的学生可能是致命一击，所以，单词是考研英语备考的基石，文都教育的1575词汇书还得是广大考生备考的必选书目。此外，另一个需要注意的点便是“arrangement”一词，该词是可数名词，通常使用复数，若考生在行文中提出多点安排，必须使用该词的复数形式“arrangements”。（浙江24小时记者 郑琳）大家都爱看动动手指，赢精美礼品！2018浙江十大天气气候事件，你说了算下周“真·冷空气”来了 浙江人的冬至有你的独家记忆吗？“我开得想哭”4天7万元油费，舟山船老大拖着外籍无人游艇回港来源：浙江24小时、新浪微博等责编：侯玮编辑：杨柳看完英语作文的网友，为自己点个赞吧 今天考场上的考生，要继续加油鸭↓↓↓
