2015考研英语真题pdf

考研就像上战场，没有一件适合自己的兵器怎么行呢？但是市面上的参考书太多了，尤其英语这种老大难的公共课，到底什么样的书才是适合自己的？下面就来给大家列出，考研英语真题排行榜，帮你找到适合自己的参考书~TOP6《考研英语真题100篇》1这本书的内容讲解很丰富，100篇中的前50篇都是一字一句地讲解，而且所有的句子都有句子图解。2书中文章讲解的间隙有单词注释，本意是方便同学们理解文章，但是字号有点小了，看起来比较费功夫。3各个题型也没有特别系统的解题方法，仅对试题选项进行了分析，讲解稍稍有些繁琐。4真题不是很全，仅挑了100篇作讲解，考研肯定是要把真题都过一遍的，所以这本显得有点鸡肋。TOP5《真题真练》1全真考场排版，字号，字边距，页面布局都是严格按照考试要求来的，还配备了答题卡。虽然很多书也说自己是仿真排版，但考过就会发现，多少有些出入，这个就完全不会。2价格便宜。四十多块钱，真的太便宜了！3答案讲解也很详细，每道题都有详细的选项分析，告诉你选什么，为什么，讲的还是很有条理的，很易懂的。4文章没有讲解，只有译文。这个书主要是为了刷题，所以文章讲解方面比较粗糙，如果想要认真梳理文章，积累语法和单词就不太够用了。5单色印刷，看起来不是很清晰。TOP4《考研英语（一）真题超精读》1书中对真题文章的每一句都进行了解析，对必考词汇进行了注释。但句子讲解不是特别详细，语法讲解较简单，且均为文字讲解，稍显枯燥。2试题讲解比较详细，可以不断修正自己的做题思路。3双色印刷，中英对照双栏排版，清晰好查。4句子是文字讲解，稍显枯燥，看起来不够直观。5解题技巧中规中矩，没啥亮点。6试题里有一些小的印刷错误，比如“breed”写成“bred”，不过没啥大影响。TOP3《考研大趋势(历年英语真题细解与复习指导》1同样是讲解真题，这本亮点是标注了真题文章来源，能帮我们全面了解真题选材的背景。2书里配有和词汇相关的“考研英语词汇考点逐词精讲”视频，也是免费的。帮助同学们梳理词汇，巩固记忆。3采用双色印刷，清晰直观。4相比于其他书籍，单词注释较简单，仅注释了单词词义和用法；句子只挑重难点的长句分析。5试题解析比较简单，更适合有一定基础的学生。TOP2《历年考研英语真题解析及复习思路》（黄皮书）1这本书的亮点是书里的“语篇分析和总结”版块，对文章的行文思路和句子间的逻辑关系讲得很详细深入，如果大家仔细研究的话对我们把握解题的关键点很有帮助。2.全书双色印刷，排版比较清晰。3对真题文章中的重点词汇集中做了注释（包括词义和经典搭配），方便直接积累单词。4句子讲解是挑选了文章中一些较复杂的长难句进行详细解析。讲解比较简洁直观，适合英语有一定的基础且理解这力较好的同学用，基础不好的人接受起来比较困难（曾经的我不愿意接受自己基础不好的人设，所以被虐了一遭）。5语篇分析虽是亮点，但是使用效果因人而异。在完全理解文章的前提下，我们能很快识别各个试题的命题陷阱，掌握解题的重点。不能完全理解文章的话，可能会干扰到你现有的解题习惯。TOP1《考研真相》1讲解详细！！！最详细！前面提到的书要么只精细的分析长难句，要么分析每个句子，但用的方法是文字讲解。只有这本做了结合，对最新20年真题文章的每一句都进行了比较全面详细的图解分析，一层层分析句子的主干和修饰成分。2对每个句子中出现的重点词汇也进行了详细注释（包括词性、词义、熟词僻义、词根词缀、例句等）。而且一大亮点是，它还标注了单词的重要程度，方便大家在复习的时候有侧重点的掌握。3它的解题方法比较系统，提出了一套完整的解题思路，路径一从题干出发，回原文找答案；路径二从选项出发，回文定位排除干扰项。所有题目都能用这两个方法搞定，简单粗暴，但是有效。4配有同步的名师视频课程讲解和真题录音。报辅导班什么的都比较贵，但这个配套讲解视频是完全免费的，基础不好、看不懂书的童鞋可以配合视频来消化知识点，学习效果会更好。每本书各有特点，适合不同人群，不同复习阶段使用，大家只需要根据自己的情况，选择适合自己的就好。

问题：考研英语真题谁的好用？考研真相or黄皮书？这题我觉得我还挺适合的，因为我是二战。第一次用的张剑的黄皮书，第二次用的《考研真相》。以前觉得二战丢人，现在觉得没啥，因为我考上了哈哈哈。其实二战压力挺大的。因为我身边真的没有那种考研失败的，要么直接就考上了，要么早早就找好了工作，想哭都找不到人。考研失利后，我也尝试过找工作，但像我这种二本院校、专业一般、性格内向的，确实很难在高校云集的西安找到合适的工作。别人一听，本科生？给你3000算高的。之后我干了1个多月教小学生语文的工作。工作地方远，一月只能拿2000多，我还招架不了那些小孩，一个比一个皮。没办法，及时止损，递了辞呈，教完小孩的最后一批课程，我就正式开始我的二战之路了，想通过提升学历来提升工资待遇。————————————开启二战———————————首先当然是选资料了，你问考研英语真题谁的好用？就只说说你关注的英语。单词书我沿用了之前的，但是真题被我画得乱七八糟的，所以只能重买一本了。原先用的是张剑黄皮书，其实整体问题也不大，但我想换本新的，重新开始，就也是在知乎上看人推荐了《考研真相》，所以就买了。下面我从我印象比较深刻的几个方面，给你对比一下这两本真题书，只是我的个人使用感受啊，不喜勿喷。1、考研英语真题谁的好用？——从解析的详细程度上个人观点，在答案的详细程度上，《考研真相》更胜一筹。像我之前用黄皮书时，它里面的句子就是挑着讲的，讲的也确实都是难理解的句子。但是有些黄皮书认为简单的句子，对我这种基础差的，还是有一定挑战性的。但是《考研真相》对英语渣就比较友好了，它是每个句子都有解析，长难句还有图解，重点单词也单独注释。我觉得更适合基础弱的考研党，那些英语特别好的同学，可能会觉得有点儿鸡肋。p.s.黄皮书大学毕业寄书那次就丢了，占地方，也破了没法再用了。所以现在没有照片，大家谅解一下哈。2、考研英语真题谁的好用？——从文章结构的整体把控上这点黄皮书做得更好。黄皮书比较看重阅读的整体理解，它不会像《考研真相》那样，给你一句句分析句子结构，而更重视文章结构解题思路。看了黄皮书的解析，你能很好地把控句子之间的联系和上下文结构关系。简单来说，就是你在基本理解文意的基础上，黄皮书会教你做题套路。你要是英语基础比较好，可以考虑黄皮书。英语渣就算了，因为你连文章啥意思都没看懂，做题套路摆在你面前你也不会用。3、考研英语真题谁的好用？——从作文范文和后续练习来看我觉得《考研真相》和黄皮书各有千秋。平时练真题，对我来说，最难的一是阅读，二就是作文了。所以我比较关注作文。从给的范文来看，《考研真相》更有亮点，因为它会给2篇范文，一个是比较简单的经典模板，另一个是升级了单词、句式表达的创新范文。方便后期复习时拔高用。再从后续练习看，《黄皮书》后面有自己布置练习，还是参考真题风格来的，有一定的押题可能，你要是复习时间比较多，可以试着练练。→关于考研英语真题谁的好用？，总结一下：《考研真相》更适合基础弱的考研党用。啥叫基础弱，比如你四六级低分过/考了好几次才过、拿到一篇阅读，一半以上的内容都看不懂……《黄皮书》更适合基础比较好的。就是基本能看懂文章，做题时长难句不是阻碍，能看懂文章但就是做不对题，这样的话，你就很适合黄皮书了。上面的分析可能不是很全面，但都是我的亲身感受。你也可以借学长学姐的黄皮书和《考研真相》，自己比较比较。选到适合自己的资料，也有事半功倍的效果哦。————————————回忆结束———————————其实研究生工资可能比本科生也高不了很多，但是二战带给我的，不仅是一个研究生学历，更是重新再来的勇气、不断反思总结自己的自省能力。最关键是，弥补了我高考以及一战时的遗憾。人生很长，希望你有不断追求自己所要的勇气和坚持，老学姐祝你考研成功，离自己想要的生活越来越近，加油！

英语一的真题书有很多，我复习买书时，身边很多人推荐《考研真相》和黄皮书给我，为了今早复习，所以我就花费了几天时间，集中精力琢磨这两本书的区别和联系。我把自己找到的一些资料整理出来，希望可以帮助到更多和我一样，面临资料选择难题的人。一、外在因素对比1.书籍封皮：考研真相的封皮设计师黄白红三色，红色所占比例较大，三色搭配的还算可以，个人挺喜欢的；黄皮书之所以叫黄皮书，是因为全书通体黄色，这两本书在茫茫书海之中，算是比较容易辨别出来的。2.分册装订：两本书都是分册装订得，采用的均是双色印刷，这种设计相对来说是比较好的。有利于零取零看，便于随身携带，而且次重点相对突出，能够很快找到想要复习的重点知识，节约不少复习时间。3.书籍价格：这个是我在天猫上搜索的啦！《考研真相》的价格是40多元，黄皮书的价格在67元钱左右。二、书籍定位我是基础不怎么好的，单词语法差的不行，我感觉自己已经快无药可救了。所以就想找一本解析详细的书，当我看到真相中写的是基础薄弱者专用，我就想着是不是这本书更适合我，又因给我推荐黄皮书的人很多，所以我还是仔细研究了黄皮书。我发现黄皮书主要是讲解命题思路的，会稍微偏向于基础较好的人，拿到题目，对着解析看了一篇文章，仍旧没有多大感觉，基本上都不太会（估计是我基础太差了）。我害怕选择这本书我可能会比较吃亏，到头来复习效果会不理想，这也是我最后没买这本书的最大的原因了。三、内在精华对比我还会继续从两本书的内容具体来说，当然如果你不想了解，那就算了。1.基础知识《考研真相》的基础知识解析很详细，从词汇注释和语法解析详系解析。词汇注释的详细度可以媲美字典注释，字典中注释单词也就从音标、词性、词义、近反义词、相关词组和例句来讲的，书中的注释也详细到了如此，我学习遇到生单词，基本上没太查字典。语法知识把文章每句话的语法都进行详解，简单句是用简洁的语言来讲的，分析的还算透彻；长难句的解析是个图解，感觉会比较直观和清晰。黄皮书中对于基础知识也用的是词汇注释和语法解析，书中对于单词注释了音标、词性、词义，句子解析是把文章的长难句拿出来讲了，基本上和大多数书一样。我想这应该是归结于这本书的适用人群不同，主要是比较适合基础较好的人。我去知乎上找资料时，发现很多人似乎和我存在的好多问题是一样的，他们也存在对黄皮书文章看不懂，做题做不对的情况，估计是和我一样，基础不好吧！2.答案解析再就是两本书的答案解析啦！真相中的答案解析挺详细的，分了四个版块来讲，有选项表析、答案考点、定位分析和干扰项分析。选项表析可以帮助我们整体把握各个选项，有出处、特征和具体的翻译；在答案考点的帮助下，可以快速掌握命题方向和命题规律；定位分析主要是对正确选项回文定位，可以学会“回文法”做题；干扰项分析是用“排除法”进行做题，很不错的哦！黄皮书的答案解析同样给的也是表析、快速解题、正确项设置和干扰项设置，选项表析没有选项的出处和特征分析；其它的几个点也比较简单了。（原谅宝宝写的有点累，就不一一写了，大家自己看图哇~~）3.书籍的赠品资料还是说一下我的购物体验吧！我买书的时候是比较喜欢店家送小礼物的，尤其是比较实用的东西。《考研真相》中送了很多的电子资料，包含了词汇、语法、翻译点拨的PDF资料，还有“零元课”的免费视频赠送，有词汇、语法和技巧点拨等很多资料，可以下载到手机上，随时进行学习。黄皮书中送的资料有词汇背诵宝典和8年真题资料，都是文本资料，电子资料也有很多的啦！也还不错的，只是不是很适合像我这种基础不好的人学习。

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

好多21考研的小伙伴问基础不好，考研英语真题书怎么选。作为一个曾经四级考了3次才勉强过线的英语渣，真的太有发言权了。先说下如果基础不好英语真题是什么感觉：阅读里的句子太长，一句就是一段，冗长到分不清主谓宾；每句话的单词太迷，明明每个都认识，连起来???做题就更惊悚了，四个选项瞅着都对是怎么回事！英语渣想搞定考研英语，那就要从补基础开始，该背单词背单词，该学语法学语法，把真题里每个知识点都搞懂就没问题。顺着这个思路去选真题书，我自己用的是《考研真相》，讲解超级详细，很适合补基础。考研英语真题书很重要，但用好更重要，下面我会结合自己的一些使用感受，说说英语应该怎么复习。从文章出发，看懂每个句子做阅读看懂文章是第一步，这一步真的没啥技巧，不会的单词就查，不会的语法就学，别想着偷懒。《考研真相》比较好的就是它会把每个句子都拿出来图解分析，主干和修饰成分清清楚楚。每个句子里的重点单词也会标出来，可以省掉查单词书的时间。其他考研英语真题书都只是图解长难句，注释单词也是以段为单位，相比较还是这本更适合基础弱的。分析文章的时候我会先自己动手翻译，把主干，成分，结构都画出来，然后再翻译成中文，影响自己理解句子的单词也圈出来。自己分析完再对照考研真相的讲解，看看自己的理解对不对，这样才能发现问题，才有提高。从题目出发，学会解题方法其实对基础不好的人来说，直接从题目找到答案是比较费劲的，所以考研真相上用的干扰项排除法更适合些。先定位，在看上下句，看主旨，排除掉错的就能很快选出对的。我之前做题感觉就是蒙，自己也说不出个原因，顺着书上系统的解题思路就好很多，正确率也上来了。其他考研英语真题书都没有一个完整清晰的解题思路，基础不好的话去看真的挺吃力。建议大家做阅读一定要注意整理总结，主要有以下几个方面：①定位点。考研阅读有套路，出题顺序往往跟行文顺序一致，严格按照题目给的定位信息去定位。比如第一题的答案肯定在前两段，你找到后面段落肯定是错的。②干扰项设置方式。干扰项无非这几种：原文信息拼凑、无中生有、曲解原文，多总结就能发现他们的特点，比如原文信息拼凑往往几个关键词离得特别远，无中生有不用说，曲解原文会用有强烈情感色彩的词……这样做久了，干扰项很容易就排除了。③最后一题多是主旨题或者态度题，需要从原文出发把握，所以描述某一细节的肯定不选，中立态度的肯定不选……这些做题套路都需要我们不断总结。关于考研英语真题书就说这么多，书买对很重要，正确使用也很重要，一定要多尝试，找到适合自己的复习方法。

考研英语一真题及答案【完型填空】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast.1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15 Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up关于2020考研英语一完型填空的真题及答案就分享到这里啦。回过头来看，考研是一场孤独的战斗，可能这一年都是自己一个去图书馆，一个人去食堂，一个人回宿舍……虽然过程很辛苦，但你全心全意为自己拼的样子真的很棒，不负梦想，不负自己，加油！现在2021考研的小伙伴也开始准备了，作为考研过来人，学姐给你分享一些考研英语专用书单。单词书：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》，里面单词很全，还有重点，按考频划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词和超纲词，你可以根据自己的情况记，先背频考词，再背基础词和其它词，记起来很省时间。真题书：英一真题推荐《考研真相》，英二真题推荐《考研圣经》，里面真题都是逐句图示分析，重点单词和句子语法都有分析，很适合英语基础弱的考研er用，完全不用担心看不懂真题~~作文书：英语一《写作160篇》英语二《写作宝中宝》，你要是英语底子比较弱，不会写作文的话，真的建议你用这个。从常用的词汇、句型、模板都给你总结了，不会写那就直接背！再用思路定律和句式方法，让你从会写作文到会写高分作文。

2020考研政治、英语、数学、金融、经济学、管综等专业课真题及答案解析如下：

上面是考研英语中历年考过超10次的词汇，最多的甚至达25次之多，所以童鞋们可以重点看看这些单词哦！ 人家反复在考，说明再考的机率还是很大的，所以一定要把上面的这些词汇做到没有一个生词。记单词这个事情是一个比较长期的过程，从你决定开始考研开始，要一直记单词到你考研初试之前，这也是考研英语最基础的一个过程。所以单词很重要，像这种常考词汇那就更不要说了，经常考你觉得之后再考的机率大不大？考研英语也是应试考试，所以是有规律的，童鞋们！搞起来啊！

关于考研英语备考，第一步就是选资料！一本好的真题资料可以帮你的复习开个好头，所以真题书对于考研党来说真的很重要。很多人在复习前，都会纠结自己要选哪一本？今天学姐就来帮你克服终极选择困难症——真题书就选《考研真相》！推荐指数：★★★★★适用人群：基础薄弱与基础好的小伙伴都可以使用，尤其推荐基础弱的同学用。内容包括：基础研读版+基础加强版（2001-2007）+高分突破版（2008-2014）+考前冲刺版（2015-2010）优点：1、针对句子看不懂，《考研真相》对每个句子都做了详细的图示解析，把复杂的句子分解为简单句，可以帮你分清句子主干，更容易看懂长难句；2、解析部分有箭头指示非常清楚，关键信息进行了加粗，重点信息一眼就能看到；3、每一个重难点词汇都做了讲解，有真题语境的话，更容易理解和掌握单词的具体用法。4、配有逐句翻译+全文翻译，想看哪个就看哪个，可以满足你的不同需要哦：①逐句解析不光一句一句图解语法、一句一句注释词汇，而且在英文原句后直接给出每个句子的翻译，帮助考生扫清阅读障碍、真正读懂文章。②全文翻译一方面有助于大家梳理行文思路、总结篇章结构，从整体上把握文章；一方面可以帮我们在研究解析时，快速定位到原文，然后找到与答案出处相关的上下文内容，更快找到正确答案。总结：不管是基础弱还是基础好的考研党都可以无压力使用《考研真相》，比如你英语四六级没过、六级500分以下、英语六级500+但做题过程中，不认识的句子超过3句的话都可以用这本，尤其是基础弱的考研小白，学姐墙裂安利你用《考研真相》备考哦！