These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. 主干:These leaders are living proof that...and that同位语从句:that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems。and并列的两个同位语从句。定语从句:that come naturally with age. 修饰health problems。翻译:这些领导人就是活生生的证据,证明对疾病的防治是有意义的,证明我们能够对付年龄带来的健康问题。
长难句On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.句子分析1. 本句主干为主谓宾宾补结构,即:he /did not accept/ the charge/ as well founded. 但是由于the charge后面的修饰成分太长,所以本句as well founded作为宾补就前置了。2. made by some of his critics 为后置定语修饰the charge; that引导同位语从句解释说明the charge 的内容。3.that while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. 同位语从句中由while引导的让步状语从句,译为:尽管他善于观察,但不具备推理能力。4. 当修饰成分较长时,可单独处理成句子。词的处理On the other hand 另一方面as well founded 译为:“就像那些有根有据的指控一样”。well founded adj. 很有基础的charge 指控,控诉critics 批评家,评论家observer 观测者,观察员no power of reasoning 缺乏推理的能力参考译文On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.另一方面,一些他的批评者指责他虽然善于观察,但不具备推理能力,他不接受/承认这种指控是有根据的。欢迎加入高联考研交流群免费答疑、领取最新考研资料19管理类学硕考研交流:141296273
They could still invalidate FourthAmendment protections when facing severe, urgentcircumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure thatphone data are not erased or altered while waiting for a warrant。主干:They could still invalidate...and theycould take reasonable measures...。翻译:但在遭遇严重、紧急的情况时,他们依然会使第四修订案失效,而在等待搜查令的时候,他们可以采取恰当的手段来确保手机中的数据不删除或修改。
在考研英语的试卷中,经常出现单词多、语法结构难度大的句子,这一类句子在教学中,我们称之为“长难句”。无论是在阅读还是在翻译中,长难句都是一大难点也是一大考点。即使学习了大量语法知识之后,仍然有许多同学无法攻克长难句设置的“关卡”。那么今天小编就来介绍一套行之有效的方法,希望能够给大家一些帮助。首先来看看下面这个真题例句:Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. (2020年Text4)拿到这样一个句子,大部分同学的处理方式都是通读一遍,忽略掉读不懂的地方,把自己能理解的部分拼凑起来,最后凭感觉想出句子的中文翻译。很显然,这样理解出来的意思极大概率是错误的。那么,理解长难句的正确方法到底是什么呢?我们处理的核心思想是“化长为短,化繁为简”。通常,可以分为以下四个步骤:1.寻标志,断长句;2.抓主干,识修饰/抓主句,识从句;3.调语序,定句意;4.依逻辑,组整句。第一步:寻标志,断长句面对一个字数较多的句子,想一步就分析清楚,显然难度很大,所以我们要学会分解任务,把这个长句分成比较短的几个部分,也就是“断长句”。在断句的时候我们不能凭感觉去分解,需要有合理的依据,也就是要“寻标志”。这些标志通常包括句中标点符号、从属连词、并列连词等等。以上面的句子为例,就可以在逗号和that处断句,断句之后句子就可以分成三部分:1) Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax,2) which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals3) that provide digital services to consumers or users in France.第二步:抓主干,识修饰/抓主句,识从句正式开始第二步之前,同学们需要做一个工作,即判断句子中是否存在复合句的情况,如果是复合句,则先抓主句、识从句,在针对较复杂的主句或从句进一步进行抓主干、识修饰;如果判断出来句子是简单句,则直接分析主干和修饰。就此句而言,句子显然是复合句,因此需要先处理主句和从句。此外,从句的复杂程度要高于主句,所以第一步是先识别从句。通过观察可发现,句中有“which”和“that”引导的两个从句,那么我们就需要分别去分析这两个从句。在分析从句的时候,我们需要完成的工作包括:1.找出从句的头尾;2.判断从句的类型;如果是充当修饰成分的从句;3.判断修饰对象。对于这里的which从句,它的开头是which结尾是multinationals(也就是that之前),属于定语从句,而这样“逗号+which”的定语从句通常的修饰对象都是前面一整个句子(也有例外情况,可根据具体情况判断),在本例句中也是这种情况。而that从句则是从that开头到句末结束,做的是前面multinationals的定语从句。分析完从句之后,主句就比较简单了,就是“Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax”。这句话中,主句及两个从句都不算复杂,因此不需要进一步分析,第二步的工作到这里就完成了。第三步:调语序,定句意这一步的任务简单来说,就是把之前断句划分出的几个部分逐一翻译出来,“语序”和“句意”都限于每一部分的内部。首先是结构比较简单,就是句首的时间状语“Last Thursday”,加上主句的主语“the French Senate”,谓语“passed”,再加上宾语“a digital services tax”,翻译直接顺译即可:上周四,法国参议院通过了一项数字服务税。然后主语“which(指前面的句子,可译为:这)”,谓语would impose…on…(把动词固定搭配整体都当作谓语,可以极大简化句子结构的梳理),由于谓语的形式,此处有两个宾语:“an entirely new tax”和“large multinationals”,翻译出来就是:这会给大型跨国企业施加一项新的税费。最后主语“that(指代large multinationals)”,谓语“provide…to…”,宾语“digital services”和“consumers or users”。除了主干成分之外,句子最后还剩一个介词短语“in France”,这部分是后置定语来修饰“consumers or users”,翻译的时候,这种较短的定语需要前置到修饰对象之前。可译为:(大型跨国货业)提供数字服务给法国的消费者和用户。第四部:依逻辑,组整句在第三步的基础上,我们需要判断各部分的逻辑关系,最终分散的译文组合成一个整句。需要注意的地方是做状语和定语的部分,因为英汉在这两个成分上的语序不同。对于状语而言,条件、时间、地点、让步、比较、伴随、方式等类型的状语通常需要前置;对于定语而言,长度较短的定语需要前置,较长的定语一般会直接顺译,并把定语转换为句子。根据以上的规律,此句最终的译文可以是:上周四,法国参议院通过了一项数字服务税,给大型跨国企业施加一项新的税费。征收对象是提供数字服务给法国消费者和用户的大型企业。
Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine.主干:his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits and predicting a crisis.并列谓语:was busy vacuuming up and predicting是由and连接的并列谓语翻译:上周,他的公司正忙于从世界的偏僻角落里收集零散的信息,并预测在乌克兰将发生一场危机。2019考研英语基础阅读扫码免费听课2003—2007考研阅读真题
长难句In the former case the ecation is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.句子分析1.句子是由分号连接的并列句,分号前后位独立的句子,但分号表两句话之间的逻辑关系比句号更紧密。2. 该句需联系上文,the former case 指代 the ecation which everyone gets from living with others;3. “the association” 中 “association” 一词的前面有定冠词“the”,可见,“association”一定指代上文中出现的名词,“association”一词可表“联系”,上文中只有“living with others”与此意接近。因此,“association”意译为:人际交往。词的处理former adj. 从前的,前者的;前任的incidental adj. 附带的;偶然的express adj. 明确的;迅速的;专门的association n.联合;联想; 协会,联盟,社团;参考译文In the former case the ecation is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.前一种情况下教育是附带产生的。它在自然状态下发生,也很重要,但这并不是人际交往的直接原因。欢迎加入高联考研交流群免费答疑、领取最新考研资料19管理类学硕考研交流:141296273
To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to proce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.主干:animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.状语:To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to proce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines,介词短语(介词+名词)做状语。定语从句:who are unaware that animal research was needed to proce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, 修饰those。宾语从句:that animal research was needed to proce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines,that引导的宾语从句,做are unaware的宾语。翻译:对于那些不明白获得这些新的治疗方法和疫苗都必须进行动物实验的人来说,动物实验说得好是浪费,说得不好是残忍2019考研英语基础阅读扫码免费听课2003—2007考研阅读真题
The policy follows similar efforts from otherjournals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis arecontributing to the irreprocibility of many published research findings.主干:Thepolicy follows similar efforts同位语从句:thatbasic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreprocibility ofmany published research findings.解释说明concern。主干:basicmistakes are contributing to the irreprocibility。介词短语做后置定语:介词短语from other journals 做similar efforts的后置定语介词短语in data analysis 做mistakes的后置定语介词短语of many published research findings 做irreprocibility的后置定语。翻译:该政策仿效了其它杂志的类似举措:是基于在基本的数据分析方面的错误导致许多业已发表的研究成果无法复制之后所引起的广泛关注。
长难句Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc.句子分析1.该句词汇较难,句子主干为三个分句的并列。2. 第一个分句为完整的主谓结构,即:religious association /began; in the desire to secure …and to ward off 为目的状语;in the desire to …类似于in order to …3. 第二、三个分句为省略句,省略了谓语动词began,一般而言,当前后句子为相同结构的并列关系且谓语动词相同时,就可以省略后面的谓语部分。因此,第二、三句的完整主干为:family life began … ; systematic labor began ….词的处理religious adj.宗教信仰的;宗教的:association n. 协会;社团;联盟overrule vt. 否定,拒绝,更改决定ward off 防止,避免,evil adj. 恶毒的;邪恶的:gratify vt. 使高兴;使满意:appetite n.强烈欲望perpetuity n. 永远;永久for the most part 在很大程度上enslavement n. 奴役参考译文Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc.比如,宗教社团产生于这样一种愿望:确保反抗强权压迫、阻挡邪恶势力影响;家庭生活产生于满足欲望、确保家庭永续的愿望之下;而系统的劳动在很大程度上始于对他人的奴役等。欢迎加入高联考研交流群免费答疑、领取最新考研资料19管理类学硕考研交流:141296273
考研英语长难句难,主要是因为其结构复杂;什么叫结构复杂?所谓结构复杂,是指句子里包含了很大的信息量,句式嵌套,包括了各种各样的语法,这让句子看上去又长又难。要想搞懂长难句,我们就得破解其复杂结构,化繁为简,将句子一层层剥开。那么,有没有具体的步骤可以帮助我们拆分长难句呢?当然有啦,请各位小伙伴接着往下看。二.真题演练(附解析)建议自己先按上述步骤做一遍哦。Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheanti-,advocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.(ps:句子难点-----that宾语从句的剖析)※词汇:tag标签attach贴上;使依附authority当局;机关;权威;权力advocate提倡;拥护;支持;支持者elimination排除;消灭;淘汰stock库存;储备;smallpoxvirus天花病毒Republicans共和党人;共和派;共和党人士funding基金from···to···从······到······三.句子成分分析及步骤Step1:找标志,断句:Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthat//theanti-,fromauthorities//ksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicans//whoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.上述句子经过断句后,分为以下几个部分:1)Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthat···2)theanti-,3)fromauthorities4)ksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicans5)whoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.Step2:从上述部分找主句,一目了然:Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthat···一项关于1996新闻故事的调查显示······Step4:调整句序,整理语句参考译文:一项关于1996新闻故事的调查显示,反科学的标签也贴在了许多其他群体上,从提倡消灭最后残存的天花病毒库的官方人士到倡议削减基础研究基金的共和党人。趁热打铁,来一个长难句,少年们可以按照上述方法,自行练习一下哦。solidlumberorburnedasbio-.今天的安利就到这里啦,小编想说的是,长难句只不过是咱们学习过程中的一个纸老虎而已,只要大家掌握适合自己的方法,再加上大量的练习,拿下它不是问题哦!