2018考研英语长难句

长难句是考研英语的一大特色，是重要考察点，但还是有很多考研er看到长难句就头疼，难以理解句意，更别提翻译了，下面我们一起来看看如何快速理解英语长难句。考研英语长难句在大家复习中，占据大部分比重，怎么样在最短的时间内，拿下长难句分值，首先是找到句子主干，然后去翻译各类修饰词，整体把握句子意思，省略该省略的，以此来节省时间，提高效率具体如何解决长难句的问题我们可以遵从以下的步骤。 1.首先，我们要明确长句究竟在哪里断开，找到有用的，抛弃无用的。先来看看下面这个句子：Even in the best of circumstances， fierce competition from larger， more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases： when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor， they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success. 2.在阅读时要注意辨别这些复杂修饰成分，找出真正的主语和谓语。很显然，这句话应该在冒号处断开，冒号后是对前半句的解释，所以在读在这句话时，我们不必把太多精力放在前半句上，而要着重理解后半句，这才是与文章内容相关的部分。整句话的复杂修饰成分包括介词短语in the best of circumstances，from larger，more established companies，以及不定式to broaden their customer bases，和现在分词arising from their current success.再来看一个复杂修饰成分为从句的例子：Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks， Hispanics， and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. 3.原句中的定语从句、宾语从句对句意表达的作用不大，可以略过不读。通过对复杂修饰成分的加工处理，这个句子变得十分简单：One of the principal reasons is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts.考研阅读的复杂修饰成分往往放在一个比较复杂的句子框架中，例如下面这句话：Although the samurais had been reced to idleness by years of peace， encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time， it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive. 4.先明确句子大体框架再剥离复杂修饰成分。整个句子是镶嵌在although…it is not surprising这个框架中的，但是由于中间插入成分多，容易打断考生思路，导致无法准确把握句意，同时运用了介词短语by years of peace，定语从句tasks that….以及过去分词encouraged to…通过分析，我们可以看出长难句不是不能攻克，干扰阻碍我们解题的无非就是以上几种常见的形式，在这里提醒各位考生，辨别并适当处理其复杂修饰成分能帮助考生快速领会文章实质，轻松应对考题。

长难句It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.句子分析1.本句为but连接的并列句。2.前句主干为：it may be said that +主语从句；其中it为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。该从句的主干为：the measure… is its effect…; 其中of the worth of any social institution 修饰the measure; in enlarging and improving experience修饰its effect。3. 第二个分句为主系表结构：this effect is not part …; 其中介词短语of its original motive 修饰part.词的处理it may be said that … 或许可以说、我们可以说measure n. (衡量、估价的)标准、尺度worth n. 价值social institution 社会机构enlarging and improving experience 直译为：扩大和改进经验，也可意译为：丰富和完善人生经验original adj. 最初的motive n. 动机参考译文It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.虽然我们可以说衡量任何社会机构价值的标准是其在丰富和完善人生经验方面所起的作用，但这种作用并非其最初动机的一个部分。欢迎加入高联考研交流群免费答疑、领取最新考研资料19管理类学硕考研交流：141296273

Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable.主干：Anyone can see（that）宾语从句：（that）this trend is unsustainable。做can see的宾语。翻译：任何人都明白这个趋势不可持续下去。2019考研英语基础阅读扫码免费听课2003—2007考研阅读真题

长难句On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.句子分析1. 本句主干为主谓宾宾补结构，即：he /did not accept/ the charge/ as well founded. 但是由于the charge后面的修饰成分太长，所以本句as well founded作为宾补就前置了。2. made by some of his critics 为后置定语修饰the charge; that引导同位语从句解释说明the charge 的内容。3.that while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. 同位语从句中由while引导的让步状语从句，译为：尽管他善于观察，但不具备推理能力。4. 当修饰成分较长时，可单独处理成句子。词的处理On the other hand 另一方面as well founded 译为：“就像那些有根有据的指控一样”。well founded adj. 很有基础的charge 指控，控诉critics 批评家，评论家observer 观测者，观察员no power of reasoning 缺乏推理的能力参考译文On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.另一方面，一些他的批评者指责他虽然善于观察，但不具备推理能力，他不接受/承认这种指控是有根据的。欢迎加入高联考研交流群免费答疑、领取最新考研资料19管理类学硕考研交流：141296273

The sensible place to build new housesfactories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns whereinfrastructure is in place.主干：The sensible place is where表语从句：wherepeople are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. where引导的表语从句，做主句的表语。定语从句：whereinfrastructure is in place. where 引导的定语从句修饰citiesand towns。(注：incities and towns 解释说明wherepeople are)翻译：人群聚居的地方，也就是基础设施完善的地方，通常是适合建造新住房、工厂和办公室的场所。

长难句Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed ring the preceding twenty or thirty years.句子分析1. 句子主干为主谓宾，即：he expressed the opinion2. writing in the last year of his life, 为非谓语动词（ving形式）充当状语。3. that 引导同位语从句，其主干为主谓结构：his mind had changed；in two or three respects 和ring the preceding twenty or thirty years 为介词短语充当状语。词的处理in two or three respects 在两三个方面preceding adj. 在前的；前述的参考译文Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed ring the preceding twenty or thirty years.（复杂句翻译原则：切忌逐字翻译）在他去世之前的最后一年所写的文章中，他发表了一种看法，即：在过去的二三十年中，他的思想在两三个方面有变化。欢迎加入高联考研交流群免费答疑、领取最新考研资料19管理类学硕考研交流：141296273

They could still invalidate FourthAmendment protections when facing severe, urgentcircumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure thatphone data are not erased or altered while waiting for a warrant。主干：They could still invalidate...and theycould take reasonable measures...。翻译：但在遭遇严重、紧急的情况时，他们依然会使第四修订案失效，而在等待搜查令的时候，他们可以采取恰当的手段来确保手机中的数据不删除或修改。

Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment.主干：the health research community should actively recruit to its causenot only...but...状语从句：because the ultimate stakeholders are patients,because引导原因状语从句。非限定性定语从句：who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,修饰Stephen Cooper。后置定语：about the value of animal research, 介词短语做后置定语修饰statements。定性定语从句：who receive medical treatment.修饰all。翻译：最后，因为最有发言权的是病人，医疗研究机构不仅应该积极争取斯蒂芬·库柏这样的名人的支持——他对动物实验的价值勇敢地进行了肯定——而且应该争取所有接受治疗的病人的支持。2019考研英语基础阅读扫码免费听课2003—2007考研阅读真题

Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost rections and better coordinated service. 主干：Supporters argue that 宾语从句：that these mergers will allow for substantial cost rections and better coordinated service.that引导宾语从句做argue的宾语。翻译：支持组建超大型铁路集团的人士认为，合并将导致运输成本的大幅降低，铁路公司更协调地提供服务。2019考研英语基础阅读扫码免费听课2003—2007考研阅读真题