考研英语阅读真题2017

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

考研英语非常重要的一部分就是阅读，大家在掌握英语阅读技巧的情况下， 还要从历年来的考点来看看其规律性，下面带着大家盘点下近六年的考题。2018年考研阅读如下内容：第一篇：人工智能　　第二篇：媒体技能　　第三篇：数据利用　　第四篇：美国邮政2017考研阅读如下内容：第一篇：安检措施　　第二篇：选址之争　　第三篇：GDP缺陷　　第四篇：美国法律2016年阅读：第一篇：时尚立法　　第二篇：英国乡村　　第三篇：社会责任　　第四篇：媒体变革2015年阅读：第一篇：欧洲王室　　第二篇：美国法律　　第三篇：科学期刊　　第四篇：媒体道德2014年阅读：第一篇：英国福利　　第二篇：美国律师　　第三篇：科学奖励　　第四篇：自由教育2013年阅读：第一篇：快时尚业　　第二篇：数据保护　　第三篇：人类未来　　第四篇：美国法律从近六年出的内容来看， 话题考查重复率很高，相似度也很高。建议各位小伙伴把这几年的真题反复研读，大部分考点可能会重复的。

题材标签:教育难度等级: ★★★☆☆出题思路: 模拟2017年考研阅读Text 1短文出处:www.washingtonpost.com/opinions, 2018/5/16Text 11 When you are a writer who learns a beloved author has a dark side, you experience waves of disillusionment. When you teach that author’s work, you feel an additional stab of concern: What about my syllabus? As intellectual property goes, a great syllabus is a gold mine. Or perhaps a better metaphor would be a Jenga Game. Take away too many supporting pieces and the whole thing will topple.2 Do we continue to teach the work of people we now suspect of behaving unethically or abusively? News stories have suggested prominent writer Díaz may have acted in predatory ways. The Pulitzer Prize Board has launched an investigation of past Pulitzer winner Díaz regarding allegations that include forcibly kissing one author and verbally bullying another. As a reader, I’m devastated. As a teacher, I’ve got decisions to make.3 “Writers in Print and Person,” my class at American University, where I often adjunct, invites undergraates to alternate sustained analysis of a book with the opportunity to meet and question the author. Most of our craft learning is subsequently channeled through eight to 10 books assigned for annotation, a selection tailored to students indivially. Because of the particular scope of my responsibilities, and these modes of student learning, I have always emphasized the writer as a fully dimensioned being. What do I do when those dimensional flaws are revealed?4 Here’s what I can’t do: pretend that this is not happening. Much of the economy surrounding a contemporary writing career rests not just in what that author does on the page but what the person says at the microphone and in the classroom. I’ve never been a full-time academic. Yet I’ve served as a writer-in-residence four times. In other words, I cross paths with thousands of students, many of whom tell me about theiraspirations of becoming writers.5 These are students who wait in line afterward, sometimes for hours, so that the author can sign their copy of the book we put on the syllabus. These are the students who nervously apply for a faraway workshop, and then hustle to cover the expenses, so that they can work with a celebrated writer. These are the students who trust in both that writer’s aesthetic expertise and best intentions.6 I look back with deep regret at times I’ve recommended someone as a mentor, editor or visiting writer, unaware of a history of abusive attitudes.1. The well-known writer Díaz is mentioned to _____.A. stress he is a Pulitzer winnerB. reveal he fought an authorC. illustrate some writers have unethical behaviorsD. explain why I moved his works out of my syllabus.2. Which of the following is “my teaching method”?A. I ask my students to meet the writer to analyze his book.B. I want my students to understand the writer from different dimensions.C. Students are required to read eight to 10 books to find indivial taste.D. One of my responsibilities is to help students find the writer’s flaws.3. The word “aspiration” (Para. 4) is closest in meaning to _____.A. hateB. cheatingC. sadnessD. ambition4. What kind of students is mentioned here?A. The students who are eager to get the writer’s signature whose book on the syllabus.B. The students who want to join in a workshop.C. The students who have the same aesthetic expertise as the writer.D. The students who can publish an expensive book.5. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Teach an Abusive Writer’s Work?B. Writer in Print and PersonC. How to Prepare a SyllabusD. My Regret答案：CBDAA出题思路：【1】The well-known writer Díaz is mentioned to .A. stress he is a Pulitzer winnerB. reveal he fought an authorC. illustrate some writers have unethical behaviorsD. explain why I moved his works out of my syllabus.这里想出一道 “论证型推理题”，也就是“论据A是为了说明论点B”这样的题目。该题的论据是由题干“the well-known writer Díaz”指向文中所述“Diaz是一个行为有问题的人”，论点则是四个选项。首先，确定正确选项：C：illustrate some writers have unethical behaviors（举例说明某些作家有不道德行为）。原文第2段开头说Do we continue to teach the work of people we now suspect of behaving unethically or abusively?（那些让我们现在怀疑行为粗暴、不道德的作家，我们是否继续教授他们的作品呢？）第2句话，作者并没有急于回答这个问题，而是举例什么人是那些不道德的作家。就提到News stories have suggested prominent writer Díaz may have acted in predatory ways.（新闻报道已经暗示著名作家迪亚兹可能有强暴式行为。）所以，Diaz就是前文提到的那些unethically or abusively中的一员。作者提到Diaz就是想举例说明的确有作家行为不道德，而不是作者自己的臆测。其次，设计干扰选项：选项A利用原文中Pulitzer winner一词，让那些没读懂文章，想蒙对答案的人上当。选项B的fought an author是对原文中bullying another的近义转写，让那些迷信“同义转述”的人上当。选项D利用第1段的syllabus迷惑考生。【2】Which of the following is “my teaching method”?A. I ask my students to meet the writer to analyze his book.B. I want my students to understand the writer from different dimensions.C. Students are required to read eight to 10 books to find indivial taste.D. One of my responsibilities is to help students find the writer’s flaws.这里想考第3段。发现第3段教学方法讲的很详细，就出一道多细节题，即每个选项对应一个细节，但错误选项在细节描述上不准确。首先，确定正确选项： B: I want my students to understand the writer from different dimensions.（我想让我的学生从不同角度理解作者）对应于原文I have always emphasized the writer as a fully dimensioned being.（我一直强调作者是一个全方位的存在）。出题技巧是paraphrase（同义转述）。其次，设计干扰选项：选项A利用meet来迷惑考生。在选项A中，因为没有上下文语境，所以meet the writer就是真正和writer“面对面”的见面。而原文中invites undergraates to alternate sustained analysis of a book with the opportunityto meet and question the author. （邀请本科生对一本书进行交替持续的分析，让他们有机会去认识和质疑作者）。原文中meet是学生和作者在“书中”见面，学生通过分析作品，了解作者。这种迷惑选项叫“去语境化”，也就是说原文中的词一定是“带语境”的词义，而选项中的词是“去语境”的词义，这两个词义不一样。选项C的设计是考虑到原文中与C对应的是一个难句，考察学生是否真的读懂了这个句子。读懂了，就不会选C。没读懂，因为数字10很醒目，就很可能选C。原文Most of our craft learningissubsequently channeledthrough eight to 10 books assigned for annotation, a selectiontailored to students indivially. 这句话的主要部分是Most of our craft learning is channeled (我们大部分写作技巧的学习被引导)。后面是through…books…, selection…（通过书和选集被引导）。什么样的书和选集呢？由被动的assigned, tailored修饰（被布置作业要求写注释的书引导，被针对学生个性化定制的选集引导）整个句子的翻译是：然后，让学生读八到十本书并做注释。我们大部分写作技巧的学习是通过这八到十本书的引导进行，这些书构成的选集是针对学生个性化定制选择的。选项D是用flaws做干扰，迷惑考生。【3】The word “aspiration” (Para. 4) is closest in meaning to _____.A. hate B. cheating C. sadness D. ambition这里出一道猜词题。对于出题老师来说，出这样的题比较轻松。词的意义一般要从上下文猜。这道题aspiration虽然出现在第4段，但它的意义要从第5段对那些学生的描写得出，知道学生们多么渴望成为作家，才能猜出ambition（雄心）这个含义。干扰项在这里没有太多设计。【4】What kind of students are mentioned here?A. The students who are eager to get the writer’s signature whose book on the syllabus.B. The students who want to join in a workshop.C. The students who have the same aesthetic expertise as the writer.D. The students who can publish an expensive book.这里又是一道多细节题，因为第5段提到学生们的多种经历。首先，确定正确选项：A: The students who are eager to get the writer’ssignature whose book on the syllabus.（学生渴望获得那些大纲上列出的书的作者的签名）因为原文：These are students who wait in line afterward, sometimes for hours, so that the author can sign their copy of the bookwe put on the syllabus. （这些学生是有时排队等候几个小时，只为了让教学大纲上的某本书的作者能够在书上签名。）其次，设计干扰选项：选项B用workshop迷惑考生，原文的重点不是学生参加workshop，而是“想和作者一起”参与workshop。选项C用aesthetic expertise迷惑，但意思和原文无关。选项D用expensive和expenses词形相似迷惑，意思和原文也无关。【5】Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Teach an Abusive Writer’s Work?B. Writer in Print and PersonC. How to Prepare a SyllabusD. My Regret这里想出一道主旨题。这种题比较难出，主要是错误选项要有迷惑性，但又要与正确答案有区别，还要反映出读者一些错误的主旨总结习惯，所以比较难出。正确选项要出得大家都没有异议也有一定难度。首先，确定正确选项：A：Teach an Abusive Writer’s Work?（要教授行为粗鲁的作者的作品吗？） 因为第1段，第2段作者都提出了这个问题，但后面也没有答案。说明这就是作者文章的中心：提出一个这样的困惑。这篇文章的关键词是“writer”，这个词一定会包含在正确答案中。其次，设计干扰选项：所有干扰项设计采用了同一个策略，就是从段首句找醒目词。选项B是第3段的开头，但Writer in Print and Person只是作者开设的一门课程的名称。选项C利用Syllabus一次将考生目光引向第1段，但第1段作者提出Syllabus（大纲）的问题，只是作为引言，引起大家想象，如果大纲里很多作品的作者都有问题，那么大纲岂不要重写了吗？就像叠叠高游戏一样，很多支撑木块都抽掉后，叠叠高的塔就倒掉了。选项D利用regret一词将考生目光引向最后一段，但这一段只是作者的感慨。英汉对照：1 When you are a writer who learns a beloved author has a dark side, you experience(v.) waves of disillusionment. When you teach that author’s work, you feel an additional stab of concern: What about my syllabus? As intellectual propertygoes, a great syllabus is a gold mine. Or perhaps a better metaphor would be a Jenga Game. Take away too many supporting pieces and the whole thing will topple.当你是一位作家，知道了某位受人爱戴的作家有黑暗的一面，你会经历一波幻灭的浪潮。当你讲授这位作家的作品时，你会感到额外的担忧：我的教学大纲怎么办？随着知识产权的发展，优秀的教学大纲就是金矿。也许更好的暗喻是一种叠叠高游戏。拿走太多的支撑物，整个塔就会倒塌。2 Do we continue to teach the work of people we now suspectof behaving unethically or abusively? News stories have suggested prominent writer Díaz may have acted in predatory ways. The Pulitzer Prize Board has launched an investigation of past Pulitzer winner Díaz regarding allegations that include forcibly kissing one author and verbally bullying another. As a reader, I’m devastated. As a teacher, I’ve got decisions to make.我们继续讲授那些人的作品，那些让我们现在怀疑行为不道德、粗暴的人的作品吗？新闻报道已经暗示著名作家迪亚兹可能有强暴式行为。普利策奖委员会展开了调查对曾经的普利策奖得主迪亚兹，调查关于某些指控，包括强吻一名作者和口头辱骂另一位作者的指控。作为一名读者，我非常震惊。作为一位教师，我必须做出决定。3 “Writers in Print and Person,” my class at American University,where I often adjunct, invites undergraates to alternate sustained analysis of a book with the opportunity to meet and question the author. Most of our craft learning is subsequently channeled through eight to 10 books assigned for annotation, a selection tailored to students indivially. Because of the particular scope of my responsibilities, and these modes of student learning, I have always emphasized the writer as a fully dimensioned being. What do I do when those dimensional flaws are revealed?“作品中的作者和真正的作者”是我在美国大学上的一门课，在那里我经常兼职，并邀请本科生对一本书进行交替持续的分析，让他们有机会去认识和质疑作者。然后，让学生读八到十本书并做注释，我们大部分写作技巧的学习是通过这八到十本书的引导进行，这些书形成的选集是针对学生个性化定制选择的。由于我的职责的特定范围，以及学生学习的这种模式，我一直强调作者是一个全方位的存在。当那些有瑕疵的维度被揭露时，我该做什么？4 Here’s what I can’t do: pretend that this is not happening. Much of the economy surrounding a contemporary writing career rests not just in what that author does on the page but what the person says at the microphone and in the classroom. I’ve never been a full-time academic. Yet I’ve served as a writer-in-residence four times. In other words, I cross paths with thousands of students, many of whom tell me about their aspirations of becoming writers.我知道我不能做什么：假装这一切都没有发生。围绕着当代写作生涯的许多经济效益不仅仅在于作者在书上写了什么，而且在于他在麦克风和教室里说的话。我从来不是全职的学术型学者。然而，我曾四次作为住校作家。换句话说，我和成千上万的学生不期而遇，他们中的许多人告诉我他们有想成为作家的志向。5 These are students who wait in line afterward, sometimes for hours, so that the author can sign their copy of the book we put on the syllabus. These are the students who nervously apply fora faraway workshop, and then hustle to cover the expenses, so that they can work with a celebrated writer. These are the students who trust in both that writer’s aesthetic expertise and best intentions.这些学生是有时排队等候几个小时，只为了让教学大纲上的某本书的作者能够签上名字。这些学生紧张地申请一个远在外地的工作坊，然后赶紧支付费用，以便能跟一位著名作家学习。这些学生既相信作家的美学知识，又相信他们的最佳意图。6 I look back with deep regretat times I’ve recommended someone as a mentor, editor or visiting writer, unaware of a history of abusive attitudes.我回头想想，深感遗憾的是，有时我推荐某人做导师、编辑或访问作家，并没有意识到他态度粗鲁的过去。

我们的考研英语当中，阅读无疑是最重要的一部分。备考到这个阶段，大家都对考研阅读有了一定的了解，每年的二十道题当中，考察的方面可以分为几大题型。其中一个题型就是考察对于文章中作者观点态度倾向的理解，针对这个题型，我们今天来详细讲解一下。首先，考研阅读文章大部分选自发表在西方核心期刊的学术性议论文，根据这个特点我们就可以了解考研英语阅读文章当中的态度倾向。作为核心期刊，宣传的是一个国家的精神，不会出现引发争端争议的内容，发表文章的态度也是如此。我们可以简单把这些态度分为五种：第一种，歧视、偏见、不平等。第二种，冷漠、不关心及关心。第三种，迷惑、不清楚。第四种，情感过于强烈。第五种，容忍、沉溺、放纵。我们为什么要了解这些不可以的态度呢，因为解题的时候我们可以首先进行排除选项，提升题目作答的准确率。如何选出正确选项就需要我们进一步了解考研阅读中可以表达的态度，可以表达的态度可以分为三种，分别是“正”态度，“负”态度，“中”态度。这三种态度如何理解我们可以简单举个例子，比如前段时间讨论度很高的上海垃圾分类问题，讨论的人当中会有人非常支持，这种就是“正”态度，表示正向的积极的。面对这个问题有人可能会反对，认为加重了生活当中的烦恼，这种就是“负”态度。而理智客观的人会从全面的角度出发，既认可这种规则的合理也认为还需要一定改进，这种就是“中”态度。态度我们都了解了，那么该如何运用到解题中呢，解题的前提是我们要识别出这种题型。态度题的识别非常容易，英语中表示态度的单词是attitude，这就是识别态度题的一大标志，当题干当中出现attitude时，我们就知道这是一道态度题。当题干中并没有attitude，我们也可以从选项入手，当发现选项中的单词都是表示态度的，通过这一特点，我们也可以判断出题目是否是态度题。态度题的解题是非常具有技巧性的，我们通过这道例题来了解一下态度题的解题方法，解题首先要进行的就是排除选项，我们可以依据前面提过的五种不可以表达的态度进行排除。例1 The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.(2017年text 4)　　The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is _____.　　[A] sarcastic [B] tolerant [C] skeptical [D] supportive这道题当中我们可以发现选项A提到的sarcastic 刻薄的，这种态度过于否定，属于不可以表达的态度，选项B提到的tolerant 容忍的，也属于我们说的不可以表达的态度，选项C skeptical 怀疑的，是可以表达的态度，属于“负”态度，选项D supportive 支持的，是可以表达的态度，属于“正”态度。我们可以首先排除A和B，接下来到文章中看作者是如何描述题干中提到的 the court’s ruling, 作者用了一个短语 a step forward, 向前的一步，这是一种积极的描述，因此我们可以判断本题应该选D。这就是态度题的解题方法，首先排除干扰选项，再到文章中找到作者的描述体会其中的态度倾向解题。希望以上内容对于同学们的备考有所益处。

阅读理解做题方法：做阅读理解的时候应该先看一遍问题和选项，拿铅笔把问题和选项的意思都标注在题目上。这个工作做完之后，再去略读文章，找出五个问题在文中大概的位置大概用铅笔勾画一下（重点看每一段的第一句）。然后再去细读原文，分析五个选项的意思。一般来说，阅读理解的答案都是ABCD四个选项各占四分之一的，就算有偏差也不会很大。如果遇到实在做不出来的题目，可以按照这种方法排除选择，可能比自己乱蒙要准确一些。利用方法：阅读理解是需要穿插在整个英语复习阶段的题型，阅读理解的特殊性可以让我们在做题的同时兼顾到单词、语法、翻译和长难句的解析。所以我们一定要利用好阅读理解这个题型，没做完一篇阅读理解，纠错之后（搞懂每个选项错误的原因和偷换概念的手法），翻译全文，最好把很难懂的长难句摘抄在笔记本上，一字一词的仔细分析。尤其是要把全文的陌生单词摘抄下来，一边是英语单词，一边是考研真题常考的僻意翻译。并且需要定期抽出时间来复习巩固。PPPS: 给大家说一下2017年和2018年的英语真题在前面复习的时候不要触碰，放在后期冲刺的时候来检测，因为18年的英语真题很难，这个可以检测你最少英语能考多少分，而17年的英语真题很简单，能检测你英语最高得多少分。笔记本也需要准备两个，一个记录长难句的本子，一个记录单词的本子。作文作文的复习千万不能晚，我建议大家从现在就开始复习作文。虽然作文好拿分，提分快，但是阅卷老师对考研作文的要求并不像四六级那样你贴上一份万能句子或者模板就行。甚至超过四句万能句子都会被判为零分。所以在作文的复习上一定要总结归纳自己的作文模板，而不是通用的模板。作文范文是一定要背的，而且是需要贯穿整个英语复习阶段的。至少十天背一篇范文，刚开始背完一篇后就开始仿写，仿写范文的逻辑、段落间隔和用词用法。后面随着背范文的数量增加，就需要自己写自己的作文模板，养成一套自己的作文书写模式和逻辑思维。千万不要专门的去背万能的句子，例如英二常考的图表作文，不能一上去就来“这张图表展现了现代中国常见的生活问题”等等类似的万能句子，一般老师看着这样的开头，分数都不会高到哪里去。作文是一定要从现在开始就需要下功夫的一个题型，这是个日积月累的过程，范文背得多了，自然而然心里会有自己的一套作文模板，随时都可以用上，且别人都不同，这就是你的作文竞争率。有一点需要注意的是，一般出题人的作文选题都不会选择当下最热或者很冷门的话题，一般都是次热门，或者老生常谈的话题，一来补充普遍性，二来给大家更多的思考和空间。所以大家不用担心作文的话题是自己不熟悉的，你只需要扎扎实实的背范文，写自己作文模板就好。翻译考研翻译其实也算是从头到尾都会进行的，做阅读理解的时候，我们进行的全文翻译也是对翻译题型的一种练习。最好的翻译方法是把句子里的所有单词意思逐字标注清楚，包括“of、the、to”这些介词和连接词也要标注清楚意思。然后把中文连接在一起，理顺逻辑和句子，再进行句子的具体翻译。完形填空完形填空是很多考研生会放弃的一个题型，觉得分值不大，可能自己乱选的答案都比认真做的得分多。但是英语想得高分，你还真不能就这么放弃完形填空。有心的同学可能已经注意到了，我之前在很多回答中都说到了英一和英二的完形填空是穿插考察。有时间的同学可以把英一英二的完形填空都熟悉一下，尤其是考前一个月抽时间把英一英二历年的完型过上两遍，可能当年都能押中某一道完形填空。

嗨，这是小恬的第二篇文章。上一篇有几个评论，因时间和精力所限，就在这里回复一下啦，之前的没有看到也不要紧，就当我在碎碎念。一，关于要不要学英语。首先，考研初试满分500，英语100分，占比五分之一，自然要学；其次，语言作为一种交流媒介，可以超越空间与时间界限，即便不出国不重生也可以通过它与国外的大师、去世的哲人交流、学习；最后，日常生活中如果看外文书、外国电影，对英语多少了解的话也更容易理解，即便是娱乐活动也能得到更深入的体验，拓展时间的厚度。二，备考进度无需与他人比较，适合自己的才是最好。小恬自己也只是记录学习过程，相当于打卡。最近似乎有点懈怠了，不好意思在熟人面前刷存在感，于是跑到没人认识的地方发文章，为的是那种有人在监督我的错觉，给自己施加小小的压力。三，谢谢陌生人的鼓励，祝你生活愉快、万事顺遂——也送给正看这篇文章的你。第二部分 阅读理解A部分阅读以下四篇文章。选择A、B、C或者D回答每篇文章下的问题。将答案标记在答题卡上。（40分）文本一一群工党议员，他们之中有伊薇特·库珀，准备用成立一个英国文化之镇奖项的呼吁迎来新年。提案说，这一奖项应该比肩现有的文化之城称号，在2017年由赫尔举办，并被授予给考文垂。库珀和她的同事们认为，赫尔的成功，在那里带来了两亿两千万欧元的投资和艺术的雪崩，不会局限于城市。英国的小镇，确实没有被阻止申请，但它们一般缺少资源抱团打败更强大的竞争对手。一个文化之镇可以，提案认为，成为一大年度盛事，吸引资金并创造就业机会。有些人也许将这个提议视为笑柄，因为事实上英国不再能够申请更有声望的头衔，即欧洲文化之都，一个1990年被格拉斯哥、2008年被利物浦收割的广受欢迎的奖项。一个愤世嫉俗的人也许推断，在英国脱欧后的世界，出于对重塑自我的失望，英国沉迷于无尽的自我庆祝的狂热之中，正处于迷失的边缘。继文化之镇之后，谁知道后面会有什么——文化之村，文化之郊，文化小村？使人们知道这些头衔不是万灵丹也是明智的。一个经营不善的文化之年对一个地方里里外外的冲洗就像潮水，带来一段时间的名望，却不能给社会留下持久的利益。这些头衔真正成功的持有者是那些做大事的，而不是在一年之内塞满旅馆、高调的艺术活动和媒体的赞誉。他们改变当地居民的愿望；他们推动城市的自我形象向更大胆、更乐观的方向。做好很难，且需要非凡的视野，以及城市当局、私营部门、社区组织和文化团体之间的合作。但这可以做到：作为欧洲文化之都的格拉斯哥年，完全可以看到是这个城市至今依然留存着艺术、音乐和戏剧力量的一系列复杂的因素之一。一个文化之镇不应该仅仅关乎艺术，而应该尊敬它的特性，帮助支撑它的商业街、支持本地设施，并且最重要的，使那里的人民欢乐，最后把它变为行动。21.库珀和她的同事认为一个“文化之镇”奖可以——A、巩固英国的城镇关系 B、促进英国小镇之间的合作C、增强英国小镇的经济实力 D、将英国有限的资源集中于文化活动22.根据第二段，提议也许会被某些人视为——A、一个理智的妥协 B、一个自欺的尝试C、一个吸睛的红利 D、一个难以达成的目标23.作者暗示一个头衔拥有者只会在——情况下成功A、竭力维持它的形象 B、满足它人民的意愿C、使当地艺术崛起 D、投身于长期增长24.格拉斯哥在第三段中是作为——被提及A、一个相反的案例 B、一个支持的例证C、一个背景故事 D、一个相关的话题25.作者对这一提议的态度是什么？A、怀疑的 B、客观的 C、赞成的 D、批评的

通过历年考试考研调查数据发现，翻译题是考研英语各题型中得分率较低的一道题。为什么翻译是考研人的普遍弱项？主要原因是词组和单词量不够，语法障碍，缺乏翻译技巧，翻译速度过慢，阅读速度过慢等几大因素。为针对词组和单词量薄弱的情况，小编为大家整理了《历年翻译真题中考察过的351个高频词组（1990-2017）》，这些词组复考率超高，还能帮你有效地把握命题规律！希望大家好好背熟，考研翻译一定可以有一些突破，提高得分率！

[A] The first published sketch, "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches, which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.狄更斯发现他的第一部随笔，《白杨庄晚宴》，在每月杂志上刊登的时候，使他热泪盈眶。从那以后他就用笔名博兹发表随笔，刊登在《夜晚记事》上，让他小有名气。sketch文学速写，随笔chronicle编年史modest轻微的，不太多的bring tears to sb’s eyes使某人落泪from then on从那时开始[B] The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.《匹克威克外传》的巨大成功，为狄更斯赢得了名声。有匹克威克大衣和匹克威克雪茄，并且那个胖胖的，戴着眼镜的男主人公，塞缪尔匹克威克成为了一个享誉全国的人物。runaway success巨大的成功spectacled戴眼镜的plump胖胖的secure保证hero男主人公[C] Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt, was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837.《博兹札记》出版后不久，一家出版公司接触狄更斯想让他以每月连载的方式写一个故事，作为当时著名艺术家西摩的木刻画的背景，他最初构想的这个故事。带着特意的自信，狄更斯坚称西摩的版画是为他自己的故事配图。在第一期连载之后，狄更斯给这位艺术家写信让他更改绘画，因为他觉得版画与他的故事不符。西摩做了更改，回到后院，用自杀的方式表达自己的不满。狄更斯和出版商直接换了一个新的艺术家继续工作，这部喜剧小说，《匹克威克俱乐部遗稿》，在1836到1837年以连载的方式出现，并且于1837年首次出版成书。installment分期连载的部分backdrop背景originate初始characteristic独特的，特有的illustrate给…插图做说明prose散文posthumous死后发生的，死后出版的approach…to向…接洽be faithful to sth忠实于press on坚定地继续工作[D] Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer, Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.对于很多人来说，查尔斯狄更斯可能是19世纪最有名最伟大的英国小说家，他是一个道德家，一个讽刺作家，和一个社会改革者。狄更斯精心制作的复杂的故事情节和突出的人物描绘了了英语社会的全景。moralist卫道士satirist讽刺作家craft精心制作plot情节striking吸引人的capture用文章准确表达描述panorama全景，全貌[E]Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him, especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.他父亲从监狱出来后不久，狄更斯获得一个不错的工作——在律师事务所当跑腿，他自学速记，获得了一个更好的工作——在议会当记者和在法庭当速记员，在此时间，狄更斯用记者的眼光记录他身边的生活，尤其是有趣的古怪的事情，投了一些短篇初稿给那些不太出名的杂志。shorthand速记stenographer速记员obscure无名的，模糊的teach oneself自学submit…to…提交[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British Navy Pay office -- a respectable position, but with little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickenslaterconcealedtheirbackground.Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken's birth, his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentleman." His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens's greatest wound and became his deepest secret.He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.狄更斯出生于朴茨茅斯，英国南海岸。他的父亲是一个英国海军出纳室的职员，一个体面的职位，但是没有社会地位，他的爷爷和奶奶，一个是男管家一个是女管家，更没有什么社会地位，都是仆人，狄更斯后来隐藏了他们的身份背景。狄更斯的母亲据说来自一个体面的家庭，然而两年后，狄更斯出生之前，他的母亲的爸爸因为偷盗被抓而逃往欧洲，再也没有回来。家庭的日益贫困使狄更斯12岁辍学在华伦黑鞋油工厂工作，这家鞋油工厂的孩子们嘲笑他是“年轻的绅士”，他的父亲由于债务问题之后被关进监狱，他父亲入狱的耻辱和他在黑鞋油厂的当劳工的痛苦成为他此生最大的伤害也是内心最深处的秘密。他甚至都不对妻子吐露这个秘密，尽管这些经历为他的小说提供了潜在的基础。paternal父亲一方的steward男管家housekeeper女管家blacking黑鞋油imprison关押，监禁humiliation耻辱confide吐露（秘密），倾诉unacknowledged未被承认的pay office 出纳室shoe-polish鞋油be caught doing sth被抓到正在做某事[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, he traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dickens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.在匹克威克外传之后，狄更斯投入到了一个更灰暗的世界，《雾都孤儿》，他追踪了一个孤儿从济贫院到伦敦犯罪贫民窟的历程，《尼古拉斯尼克贝》，融合了雾都孤儿的黑暗和匹克威克的阳光，这些享誉盛名的小说奠定了狄更斯作为国内和国际著名作家的地位。belak阴郁的，凄凉的orphan孤儿workhouse救济院slum贫民窟consolidate巩固，加强combine A with B将A和B结合起来consolidate sb as巩固某人作为…的地位man of letters文人，作家做法：1.通读全文，确定本文是传记，传记就按照时间顺序排列2.从给的已知段落，寻找上下文，使逻辑衔接3.通读检验正确语序：DFEACBG

在考研英语的题目中，占比最大的就是阅读理解，很多同学在阅读上十分很多，最后拖垮了整个英语成绩。对于复习考研英语，个人认为只要你能把我国的应试教育规律掌握了就可以。因为学习英语和英语考试是截然不同的，而在我们现在备考研究生考试，就是在最短的时间内取得最高的成绩，这就是我们的目的。经过对考研英语历年真题的研究来看，出题都是有一定规律的，只要你在做题时能把这些规律掌握了，最后你的成绩也不会差。平时也听到很多同学说，我把历年考研英语真题都做了好几遍了，并且把大纲词汇也背过了（如：恋练有词、何凯文1575等等都看了）我再看文章时还是看不懂，题目也读不懂，最后做完题一对答案，几乎全错，这到底是啥原因呢？我个人认为，你做了那么多的题，都没有总结过以及分析每个选项的特征，你只是为了做题而做题，希望大家能认真反思一下你自己，是不是这样子的。每道题的四个选项中，对于错误的选项，正确的答案到底有啥特点？出题人到底是如何出题的，经过对历年真题的研究和总结，发现出题人在出题时，我们在考研阅读中14个左右是可以做对的。对于考研的真题中，记叙类的文章是没有出现的，也不会考的，因为很难读懂。接下来，我们就拿真题给大家分析一下：英语一 2014年：第一篇《对英国财政打车奥斯本的失业保障计划的批评》，第二篇《对美国法律服务价格高问题的原因和措施分析》，第三篇《对目前在自然科学界出现的新兴互联网企业设立新奖项这个现象的评价》，第四篇《美国艺术与科学学院所做的增强美国国民人文素质的报告内容进行介绍，并指出其弊大于利》。英语一 2015：年第一篇 《西班牙国王的退位应使英国皇家感到恐慌》，第二篇《最高法院应该为手机隐私制定保护条例》，第三篇《科学杂志决定对论文中的数字准确性进行审查，作者介绍了各方面对这一行为的看法》，第四篇《正如窃听案件所证明的那样，我们的公众生活中的确存在道德目标确实的情况》。我们可以从这些题可以看出：这些文章有一个共同的特征：就是对一个事物加以简单得描述，或者通过描述表达某种或者某些观点、看法和态度。因此这些都可以归结为大类的议论文。而对于考研阅读来说，阅读理解就是考察我们的阅读能力，就是提取文章的有效信息的能力，所以不管阅读的题如何变化，就是看我们能不能在最短的时间内把答案找出来。也许你会发现议论文的有效信息就是通过文章所表达的观点、论点以及作者的情感和态度，这些一般都是考研出题的重点。还有不少同学也许会问，考研中细节性的东西具体是哪些？主要分为以下二点：第一：研究生是选拔性的考试，所以考试对归纳总结能力比较看中，不会考原文中出现的原话，希望大家注意转折处的出题。第二：大部分考研学子不会认真去分析历年真题，再加上受部分老师模拟题的影响。好多老师的出的题答案都是拼凑，所以建议大家英语不要做模拟题，只做真题就可以。最后对正确选项的分析，我们可以得出以下二个特征：一，表述上必须具有相对的抽象性概括性宏观性。二，表述上不能太绝对且较模糊，不能带有过于强烈的感情色彩和倾向。一个过于具体的概括不能成为论点，而一个表述上极端的论点是站不住脚的，很容易受到攻击，这是议论文的常识。阅读理解命题选项话题范围的区分。有三个选项在谈论同一类别或者范围内的话题，而第四个正确选项的话题离这个范围要远一些，这样答案出现争议的可能性就相对减小。比如:2017年英二22.which of the following contributionsto long waits at major airport?[A]New restrictions on carry-on bags新的手提行李限制[B]The declining efficiency of the TSA下降的 TSA 效率[C]An increase in the number oftravelers游客的数量增加[D]Frequent unexpected secret checks频繁的意外秘密检查【解析】[A][B][D]讨论的都是通关过程具体的事物，[C]讨论的是人的流量，话题范围明显不同。2016年 英二22. Indelivering lessons forhigh-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their____[A]experience 经历[B]interest 兴趣[C]career prospects 职业前景[D]academic backgrounds 学术背景【解析】[A][C][D]都是外部、相对客观的评价要素。[B]兴趣则相对主观，话题范围不同。2016年 英二27.Radesky’sfood-testing exercise shows that mothers’use ofdevices ______[A]takes away babies’ appetite 影响婴儿的食欲[B]distracts children’s attention 分散孩子的注意力[C]slows down babies’ verbal development减缓婴儿的言语发展[D]reces mother-child communication 减少母婴交流【解析】[A][B][C]都是立足于孩子自身进行论述，[D]论述的其他主体和孩子的关系，话题范围明显不同。最后简单介绍下阅读技巧：第一：先对文章得进行段落标记，在看阅读理解的题干，弄清5个小题的题干问的是什么，把相关的人名、段落、题干的类型什么一一留意，以便阅读的过程中做标记。第二：勾画关键词句。这里我们在第一次阅读的时候需要对题干里面出现的相关信息做简略的标记以便下一次来找这个信息的时候能够快速反应过来是这个地方。第三：翻译关机词句的意思。如果你的翻译水平比较好，可以全部翻译出来，这样与便于对全文意思的理解和对问题的判断。第四：采用跳跃式的快速阅读方式开始第一次阅读。这第一次阅读需要注意的就是题干的信息和关键词句的信息，阅读的时候伴随着对关键词句的翻译。速度一定要快。第五：开始二次阅读，也就是第二遍的精读过程，这一次你依次看问题的选项，然后立刻找到对应的文段对题目做出最准确的判断。（部分内容整理自网络，侵删）