2014考研英语阅读真题

导语众多周知，英语考试“得阅读者得天下”,现在你还在为考研英语阅读题发愁吗？但事实上，80％的阅读理解真题都来源于西方权威报刊杂志，现在了解还来得及!资料我都给你整理好了，快来看看叭~1.The Guardian 《卫报》《卫报》，英国主流报纸，全国性综合内容日报。该报注重报道国际新闻，擅长发表评论和分析性专题文章。一般公众视《卫报》的政治观点为中间偏左。2.The Scientist 《经济学人》《经济学人》，英国著名财经杂志，是考研英语阅读真题来源较多的杂志之一。该杂志主要关注政治和商业方面的新闻，但是每期也有一两篇针对科技和艺术的报导，以及一些书评，杂志中所有文章都不署名，而且往往带有鲜明的立场，但又处处用事实说话。3.The Atlantic《大西洋月刊》《大西洋月刊》，美国最受尊敬的杂志之一，是一本有关文学、政治、科学与艺术的杂志。坚持无党派、无偏见原则，对于任何事物采取一种超然、充满智力性、幽默的、有艺术感的态度。4.The New York Times 《纽约时报》《纽约时报》，有时简称为“时报”（The Times），是一份在美国纽约出版的日报，在全世界发行，有相当高的影响力，美国高级报纸、严肃刊物的代表，长期以来拥有良好的公信力和权威性。由于风格古典严肃，它有时也被戏称为“灰色女士”（The Gray Lady）。它最初的名字是《纽约每日时报》（The New-York Daily Times），创始人是亨利·贾维斯·雷蒙德和乔治·琼斯。5. Scientific American 《科学美国人》《科学美国人》，美国著名科普杂志，始于1845年8月28日。作为《自然》的姐妹出版物，《科学美国人》涵盖的受众包括企业主、高级经理人、决策者和意见领袖，与《自然》的学术受众形成互补。虽然被认为是大众化的高水平学术期刊，但这本杂志并不采用类似《自然》杂志同行评审的方式审查稿件，而是提供一个论坛来呈现科学理论和科学新发现。6. Business Week 《商业周刊》《商业周刊》，是美国著名的财政企业杂志，也是全球最大的商业杂志。《商业周刊》是最熟悉美国商业和经济情况的刊物，常发表一些美国商业和经济活动的资料。7. Newsweek 《新闻周刊》《新闻周刊》，美国主要时事周刊之一，内容广泛。长于报道和评论国际时事和美国国内政治动态。在美国，它是仅次于《时代》的周刊。在发行量上，它超过了《美国新闻和世界报道》。在这三份期刊中，《新闻周刊》通常被视作观点比《时代》更自由而比《美国新闻和世界报道》更保守。8.Time 《时代周刊》《时代周刊》，又称《时代》，创刊于1923年，是近一个世纪以来最先出现的新闻周刊之一，特为新的日益增长的国际读者群开设一个了解全球新闻的窗口。《时代》是美国三大时事性周刊之一，内容广泛，对国际问题发表主张和对国际重大事件进行跟踪报道。9.Nature《自然》《自然》，世界上最早的国际性科技期刊。自从1869年创刊以来，始终如一地报道和评论全球科技领域里最重要的突破。《自然》杂志也是一份在学术界享有盛誉的国际综合性科学周刊。杂志以报道科学世界中的重大发现、重要突破为使命，要求科研成果新颖。话不多说，先来看看历年考研阅读题都来源于哪些报刊英语(一)历年真题阅读理解文章来源年份（同种字体颜色表示来自同一报刊杂志）英语（二）历年真题阅读理解文章来源年份（同种字体颜色表示来自同一报刊杂志）是不是有点眼花缭乱的感觉没事小编都给你总结了近十年高频期刊前四名给我锁住第一名：The Guardian《卫报》 14篇第二名：The Christian science monitor《基督教科学箴言报》 8篇The Economist《经济学人》 8篇第三名：The Atlantic《大西洋月刊》7篇第四名：The Wshington Post《华盛顿邮报》 5篇The New York Times 《纽约时报》 5篇

考研就像上战场，没有一件适合自己的兵器怎么行呢？但是市面上的参考书太多了，尤其英语这种老大难的公共课，到底什么样的书才是适合自己的？下面就来给大家列出，考研英语真题排行榜，帮你找到适合自己的参考书~TOP6《考研英语真题100篇》1这本书的内容讲解很丰富，100篇中的前50篇都是一字一句地讲解，而且所有的句子都有句子图解。2书中文章讲解的间隙有单词注释，本意是方便同学们理解文章，但是字号有点小了，看起来比较费功夫。3各个题型也没有特别系统的解题方法，仅对试题选项进行了分析，讲解稍稍有些繁琐。4真题不是很全，仅挑了100篇作讲解，考研肯定是要把真题都过一遍的，所以这本显得有点鸡肋。TOP5《真题真练》1全真考场排版，字号，字边距，页面布局都是严格按照考试要求来的，还配备了答题卡。虽然很多书也说自己是仿真排版，但考过就会发现，多少有些出入，这个就完全不会。2价格便宜。四十多块钱，真的太便宜了！3答案讲解也很详细，每道题都有详细的选项分析，告诉你选什么，为什么，讲的还是很有条理的，很易懂的。4文章没有讲解，只有译文。这个书主要是为了刷题，所以文章讲解方面比较粗糙，如果想要认真梳理文章，积累语法和单词就不太够用了。5单色印刷，看起来不是很清晰。TOP4《考研英语（一）真题超精读》1书中对真题文章的每一句都进行了解析，对必考词汇进行了注释。但句子讲解不是特别详细，语法讲解较简单，且均为文字讲解，稍显枯燥。2试题讲解比较详细，可以不断修正自己的做题思路。3双色印刷，中英对照双栏排版，清晰好查。4句子是文字讲解，稍显枯燥，看起来不够直观。5解题技巧中规中矩，没啥亮点。6试题里有一些小的印刷错误，比如“breed”写成“bred”，不过没啥大影响。TOP3《考研大趋势(历年英语真题细解与复习指导》1同样是讲解真题，这本亮点是标注了真题文章来源，能帮我们全面了解真题选材的背景。2书里配有和词汇相关的“考研英语词汇考点逐词精讲”视频，也是免费的。帮助同学们梳理词汇，巩固记忆。3采用双色印刷，清晰直观。4相比于其他书籍，单词注释较简单，仅注释了单词词义和用法；句子只挑重难点的长句分析。5试题解析比较简单，更适合有一定基础的学生。TOP2《历年考研英语真题解析及复习思路》（黄皮书）1这本书的亮点是书里的“语篇分析和总结”版块，对文章的行文思路和句子间的逻辑关系讲得很详细深入，如果大家仔细研究的话对我们把握解题的关键点很有帮助。2.全书双色印刷，排版比较清晰。3对真题文章中的重点词汇集中做了注释（包括词义和经典搭配），方便直接积累单词。4句子讲解是挑选了文章中一些较复杂的长难句进行详细解析。讲解比较简洁直观，适合英语有一定的基础且理解这力较好的同学用，基础不好的人接受起来比较困难（曾经的我不愿意接受自己基础不好的人设，所以被虐了一遭）。5语篇分析虽是亮点，但是使用效果因人而异。在完全理解文章的前提下，我们能很快识别各个试题的命题陷阱，掌握解题的重点。不能完全理解文章的话，可能会干扰到你现有的解题习惯。TOP1《考研真相》1讲解详细！！！最详细！前面提到的书要么只精细的分析长难句，要么分析每个句子，但用的方法是文字讲解。只有这本做了结合，对最新20年真题文章的每一句都进行了比较全面详细的图解分析，一层层分析句子的主干和修饰成分。2对每个句子中出现的重点词汇也进行了详细注释（包括词性、词义、熟词僻义、词根词缀、例句等）。而且一大亮点是，它还标注了单词的重要程度，方便大家在复习的时候有侧重点的掌握。3它的解题方法比较系统，提出了一套完整的解题思路，路径一从题干出发，回原文找答案；路径二从选项出发，回文定位排除干扰项。所有题目都能用这两个方法搞定，简单粗暴，但是有效。4配有同步的名师视频课程讲解和真题录音。报辅导班什么的都比较贵，但这个配套讲解视频是完全免费的，基础不好、看不懂书的童鞋可以配合视频来消化知识点，学习效果会更好。每本书各有特点，适合不同人群，不同复习阶段使用，大家只需要根据自己的情况，选择适合自己的就好。

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. 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关注，分享更多法考、考研资料一、原文赏析Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the proctivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, proctivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average ring the previous decade. And since 1991, proctivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978-1987 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is e to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a "disjunction" between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in proctivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace — all that re-engineering and downsizing — are only one contribution to the overall proctivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in ecation and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing proctivity: switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much.Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose.Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much "re-engineering" has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the rections in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability. BBDO's Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as mere rubbish — "the worst sort of ambulance-chasing".二、译文赏析人们说，不劳就无获。但是，如果有劳却无获又会怎样呢？在美国，无论你走到哪里都会听到企业复苏的故事。商人们自认为的他们所领导的生产力革命是否确有其事，这一点更加难以确定。官方的统计数字却有点不让人乐观。这些数据表明，如果把制造业和服务业合起来算，1987年以来生产力平均增长1.2％。这比前10年的平均增长速度略快。自1991年来，生产力每年约增长2％。这比1978年—1987年的平均增长速度高两倍以上。问题在于，近年发生的生产力快速增长部分是由于商业周期通常到了这时候就会出现的反弹造成的，因而它不是经济复苏已经是潜在趋势的结论性证据。正如财政部长罗伯特鲁宾所说的，生产力发生飞跃的商业传奇与统计数字所反映的情况之间存在着一种“脱节”。这其中的一些原因很容易解释。企业重组的新方法——所有那些重新设计和缩小规模的做法——只是对一个经济的整体生产力做出了一方面的贡献，而这种经济的发展还收到许多其他因素的驱动，如设备、机械上的联合投资，新技术，以及教育和培训上的投资。另外，公司的大部分改革是为了赢利，而达到赢利的目的不一定非要提高生产力：转入新的市场或改善产品质量也会有同样的功效。其他两种解释带有很大的猜测性。一种解释是近年来所进行的公司重组也许并未奏效。另一种则说，即使有所成效，效果也不像人们所设想的那样广泛。哈佛学者，快速增长的面包连锁店Au Bon Pain的前任总裁莱昂纳多施莱辛格说，许多“重组”是粗糙的。他认为很多情况下，企业收益的损失超出了成本的降低。他的同事迈克比尔说，太多的公司已用机械的方式进行重组，在没有充分考虑到长期赢利能力的情况下降低了成本。BBDO的艾尔罗森夏恩更加直率。他把许多重组咨询专家所做的工作视为垃圾——“典型的劳而无获”。三、题目赏析1. According to the author, the American economic situation is ________.[A] not as good as it seems[B] at its turning point[C] much better than it seems[D] near to complete recovery正确答案为： [A] 意为：并不像表面看上去那样好。第一段第三、四句指出，美国到处都在谈论所谓公司的振兴(tales of corporate revival)，但是，商界自认为正在进行的所谓生产率革命究竟是否名符其实(for real)，这一点却很难确定。该句实际上是全文的主旨，从反面提出了下文旨在回答的问题，所谓生产率革命根本不存在，官方的统计数字也并不怎么乐观；该段第四句指出，问题是；最近显示出的增长部分是由商业领域里此时出现的正常的反弹(rebound)造成的，因此，不能将它看作是更深层的（当指生产率）振兴的证据。由题目能够定位到第一段的这一句：What is harder to establish is whether the proctivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.其意思是：商人们自认为的他们所领导的生产力革命是否确有其事，这一点更加难以确定。因此可以看出作者觉得美国经济形式并不像商人们说的那样好，因此联系到了A选项。最后一段引用了几个专家的评价，对目前进行的促进生产率发展的措施进行了否定，特别是罗森伯格的评价，在他看来，目前负责调整经济的顾问们所做的工作，多数都是垃圾（没有成效），是典型的“于事无补”(ambulance-chasing)。B意为：处于转折阶段。文章中只是说经济发展并不乐观，但是还没有达到转折的地步，因此该选项属于夸张类干扰项。C意为：比现状要好得多。这个和原文意思恰恰相反，同作者的中心思想相违背。换句话说，这个是作者要批驳的观点。D意为；几乎要实现全面复苏了。此选项同C选项，都是与作者思想相违背的，更何况，复苏这个词根本无从谈起。2. The official statistics on proctivity growth ________.[A] exclude the usual rebound in a business cycle[B] fall short of businessmen's anticipation[C] meet the expectation of business people[D] fail to reflect the true state of economy正确答案为：[B] 意为：与商人的预想不符。或：不像商人预想的那样好。第二段指出，官方的统计数字也并不怎么乐观，如果将制造业和服务业算在一起(lump... together)，1989年以来生产率平均增长了1.2％，比前十年的平均指数略有增长；1991年后，生产率每年增长约2％，是1978年至1987年这十年平均指数的一倍多。然而问题是：最近显示出的增长部分是由商业领域里此时出现的正常的反弹造成的，因此，不能将它看作是更深层的（当指生产率）振兴的证据。正如财政部长鲁宾所说的那样，一方面，大量的商业神话似乎表明生产率的激增(leap)，另一方面，（官方的）统计数字又是另一番景象，二者之间存在着一个“差距”(disjunction)。定位到第二段的这几句：There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a "disjunction" between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in proctivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.其意思是：正如财政部长罗伯特鲁宾所说的，生产力发生飞跃的商业传奇与统计数字所反映的情况之间存在着一种“脱节”。商业传奇即是说大量的商业神话似乎表明生产率的激增(leap)。因此，可以得出结论，经济发展的实际情况和商人们所塑造的神话有脱节，即联系到了B选项。A意为：排除了商业领域里出现的正常的反弹。此选项定位到了原文第二段中的The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is e to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle，意思是：近年发生的生产力快速增长部分是由于商业周期通常到了这时候就会出现的反弹造成的。但是官方统计时并未排除此反弹，在原文中没有根据。原文只是说这个反弹是个trouble，但是并未说找个trouble被排除了。C意为：与商人预想的一致。这个与B选项正好矛盾，参考B选项的解释。D意为：没有准确地反映经济的状况。该选项的说法太笼统了，虽然由原文得出了“脱节”的结论，但是请注意，是生产力发生飞跃的商业传奇与统计数字所反映的情况之间存在着一种“脱节”，而不是该官方统计与经济情况存在脱节。至少，原文并未说该统计不准确，而只是说该统计与商人们预料的不符。3. The author raises the question "what about pain without gain?" because ________.[A] he questions the truth of "no gain without pain"[B] he does not think the proctivity revolution works[C] he wonders if the official statistics are misleading[D] he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses正确答案为：[B] 意为：他认为所谓的生产率革命并未奏效。第一段指出，人们常说：不劳则无所获，但是，要是劳而无获呢？美国到处都在谈论所谓公司的振兴，但是，商界自认为正在进行的所谓生产率革命究竟是否名符其实，这一点却很难确定。作者的观点在此其实已表达得很清楚。另外，从第三段来看，所谓的生产率革命包括了改组企业(business restructuring, reengineering)等一系列措施，正如第四段所指出的，近年所进行的一些重组措施也许并未奏效，而且，即使有所成效，效果也没有人们想像的那样广泛。在最后一段，作者引用了几个专家的评价，这几位专家对目前进行的促进生产率发展的措施更是持否定态度。作者的引用当然带有很大的倾向性，用以支持自己的观点。第一段指出，人们常说：不劳则无所获，但是，要是劳而无获呢？美国到处都在谈论所谓公司的振兴，但是，商界自认为正在进行的所谓生产率革命究竟是否名符其实，这一点却很难确定。作者的观点在此其实已表达得很清楚，就是说所谓的生产率革命并没起多大作用。而且由其他段也可看出，现实的数据与商人们所想的存在脱节，因此他们所鼓吹的革命并不奏效。因此联系到了B选项另请参考第55、56题题解。A意为：他对“不劳则无所获”的真实性提出质疑。该选择项过于局限于字面意思。该选择项过于局限于字面意思，而与作者的真正用意无关。这是一个用字面意思来迷惑考生的干扰项。C意为：他认为官方的统计数宁可能有错。正好相反，他们认为所谓的商业振兴仅仅是假象。联系上一道题，作者并未说官方的统计数据不符合实际。如果上道题明白的话，就会第一个排除此选项的。D意为：他获得了商业振兴的确凿证据。这个选项有两个大错误。首先作者压根没说商业振兴，反而在说经济情况不如想象中的好。第二个错误是所谓的确凿证据无从说起。文章中所有的例证都是在说明“脱节”这个问题，而不是在说什么商业振兴。4. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?[A] Radical reforms are essential for the increase of proctivity.[B] New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase proctivity.[C] The rection of costs is not a sure way to gain long-term profitability.[D] The consultants are a bunch of good-for-nothings.正确答案为：[A] 意为：激进的改革对生产率的提高极其重要。首先要看清楚题目，是说文章未提到的，大家一定不要犯这种低级错误，选了文章提到过的选项。，作者只指出促进生产率革命的措施并未奏效，未达到人们想象的效果，而并末提到应该如何才对。这属于过度引申的干扰项。B意为：用新方法改变工作场所可以提高生产率。第三段第二句指出，重新改变工作场所仅是加快一个国家的国民经济综合生产率水平(overall proctivity of an economy)的一种措施，促进生产率发展的因素还有许多，如：设备和机器投资、新技术、教育和培训投资等都会带来生产率的提高。C意为：降低成本并不能保证带来长期利润。根据第五段第三句，在比尔看来，许多公司机械地(in a mechanistic fashion)应用改革措施，降低了成本，但对长期盈利却考虑不够。可见，降低成本和长期盈利并非总是成正比。D意为：顾问们是一伙饭桶。不要以为这种骂人句肯定不会出现在原文中，那你就犯了主观主义错误了。文章最后一段指出，在罗森伯格看来，目前负责经济调整的顾问们所做的工作，多数都是垃圾（没有成效），是典型的“于事无补”。欢迎在下方评论区留言分享。

题材标签:教育难度等级: ★★★☆☆出题思路: 模拟2017年考研阅读Text 1短文出处:www.washingtonpost.com/opinions, 2018/5/16Text 11 When you are a writer who learns a beloved author has a dark side, you experience waves of disillusionment. When you teach that author’s work, you feel an additional stab of concern: What about my syllabus? As intellectual property goes, a great syllabus is a gold mine. Or perhaps a better metaphor would be a Jenga Game. Take away too many supporting pieces and the whole thing will topple.2 Do we continue to teach the work of people we now suspect of behaving unethically or abusively? News stories have suggested prominent writer Díaz may have acted in predatory ways. The Pulitzer Prize Board has launched an investigation of past Pulitzer winner Díaz regarding allegations that include forcibly kissing one author and verbally bullying another. As a reader, I’m devastated. As a teacher, I’ve got decisions to make.3 “Writers in Print and Person,” my class at American University, where I often adjunct, invites undergraates to alternate sustained analysis of a book with the opportunity to meet and question the author. Most of our craft learning is subsequently channeled through eight to 10 books assigned for annotation, a selection tailored to students indivially. Because of the particular scope of my responsibilities, and these modes of student learning, I have always emphasized the writer as a fully dimensioned being. What do I do when those dimensional flaws are revealed?4 Here’s what I can’t do: pretend that this is not happening. Much of the economy surrounding a contemporary writing career rests not just in what that author does on the page but what the person says at the microphone and in the classroom. I’ve never been a full-time academic. Yet I’ve served as a writer-in-residence four times. In other words, I cross paths with thousands of students, many of whom tell me about theiraspirations of becoming writers.5 These are students who wait in line afterward, sometimes for hours, so that the author can sign their copy of the book we put on the syllabus. These are the students who nervously apply for a faraway workshop, and then hustle to cover the expenses, so that they can work with a celebrated writer. These are the students who trust in both that writer’s aesthetic expertise and best intentions.6 I look back with deep regret at times I’ve recommended someone as a mentor, editor or visiting writer, unaware of a history of abusive attitudes.1. The well-known writer Díaz is mentioned to _____.A. stress he is a Pulitzer winnerB. reveal he fought an authorC. illustrate some writers have unethical behaviorsD. explain why I moved his works out of my syllabus.2. Which of the following is “my teaching method”?A. I ask my students to meet the writer to analyze his book.B. I want my students to understand the writer from different dimensions.C. Students are required to read eight to 10 books to find indivial taste.D. One of my responsibilities is to help students find the writer’s flaws.3. The word “aspiration” (Para. 4) is closest in meaning to _____.A. hateB. cheatingC. sadnessD. ambition4. What kind of students is mentioned here?A. The students who are eager to get the writer’s signature whose book on the syllabus.B. The students who want to join in a workshop.C. The students who have the same aesthetic expertise as the writer.D. The students who can publish an expensive book.5. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Teach an Abusive Writer’s Work?B. Writer in Print and PersonC. How to Prepare a SyllabusD. My Regret答案：CBDAA出题思路：【1】The well-known writer Díaz is mentioned to .A. stress he is a Pulitzer winnerB. reveal he fought an authorC. illustrate some writers have unethical behaviorsD. explain why I moved his works out of my syllabus.这里想出一道 “论证型推理题”，也就是“论据A是为了说明论点B”这样的题目。该题的论据是由题干“the well-known writer Díaz”指向文中所述“Diaz是一个行为有问题的人”，论点则是四个选项。首先，确定正确选项：C：illustrate some writers have unethical behaviors（举例说明某些作家有不道德行为）。原文第2段开头说Do we continue to teach the work of people we now suspect of behaving unethically or abusively?（那些让我们现在怀疑行为粗暴、不道德的作家，我们是否继续教授他们的作品呢？）第2句话，作者并没有急于回答这个问题，而是举例什么人是那些不道德的作家。就提到News stories have suggested prominent writer Díaz may have acted in predatory ways.（新闻报道已经暗示著名作家迪亚兹可能有强暴式行为。）所以，Diaz就是前文提到的那些unethically or abusively中的一员。作者提到Diaz就是想举例说明的确有作家行为不道德，而不是作者自己的臆测。其次，设计干扰选项：选项A利用原文中Pulitzer winner一词，让那些没读懂文章，想蒙对答案的人上当。选项B的fought an author是对原文中bullying another的近义转写，让那些迷信“同义转述”的人上当。选项D利用第1段的syllabus迷惑考生。【2】Which of the following is “my teaching method”?A. I ask my students to meet the writer to analyze his book.B. I want my students to understand the writer from different dimensions.C. Students are required to read eight to 10 books to find indivial taste.D. One of my responsibilities is to help students find the writer’s flaws.这里想考第3段。发现第3段教学方法讲的很详细，就出一道多细节题，即每个选项对应一个细节，但错误选项在细节描述上不准确。首先，确定正确选项： B: I want my students to understand the writer from different dimensions.（我想让我的学生从不同角度理解作者）对应于原文I have always emphasized the writer as a fully dimensioned being.（我一直强调作者是一个全方位的存在）。出题技巧是paraphrase（同义转述）。其次，设计干扰选项：选项A利用meet来迷惑考生。在选项A中，因为没有上下文语境，所以meet the writer就是真正和writer“面对面”的见面。而原文中invites undergraates to alternate sustained analysis of a book with the opportunityto meet and question the author. （邀请本科生对一本书进行交替持续的分析，让他们有机会去认识和质疑作者）。原文中meet是学生和作者在“书中”见面，学生通过分析作品，了解作者。这种迷惑选项叫“去语境化”，也就是说原文中的词一定是“带语境”的词义，而选项中的词是“去语境”的词义，这两个词义不一样。选项C的设计是考虑到原文中与C对应的是一个难句，考察学生是否真的读懂了这个句子。读懂了，就不会选C。没读懂，因为数字10很醒目，就很可能选C。原文Most of our craft learningissubsequently channeledthrough eight to 10 books assigned for annotation, a selectiontailored to students indivially. 这句话的主要部分是Most of our craft learning is channeled (我们大部分写作技巧的学习被引导)。后面是through…books…, selection…（通过书和选集被引导）。什么样的书和选集呢？由被动的assigned, tailored修饰（被布置作业要求写注释的书引导，被针对学生个性化定制的选集引导）整个句子的翻译是：然后，让学生读八到十本书并做注释。我们大部分写作技巧的学习是通过这八到十本书的引导进行，这些书构成的选集是针对学生个性化定制选择的。选项D是用flaws做干扰，迷惑考生。【3】The word “aspiration” (Para. 4) is closest in meaning to _____.A. hate B. cheating C. sadness D. ambition这里出一道猜词题。对于出题老师来说，出这样的题比较轻松。词的意义一般要从上下文猜。这道题aspiration虽然出现在第4段，但它的意义要从第5段对那些学生的描写得出，知道学生们多么渴望成为作家，才能猜出ambition（雄心）这个含义。干扰项在这里没有太多设计。【4】What kind of students are mentioned here?A. The students who are eager to get the writer’s signature whose book on the syllabus.B. The students who want to join in a workshop.C. The students who have the same aesthetic expertise as the writer.D. The students who can publish an expensive book.这里又是一道多细节题，因为第5段提到学生们的多种经历。首先，确定正确选项：A: The students who are eager to get the writer’ssignature whose book on the syllabus.（学生渴望获得那些大纲上列出的书的作者的签名）因为原文：These are students who wait in line afterward, sometimes for hours, so that the author can sign their copy of the bookwe put on the syllabus. （这些学生是有时排队等候几个小时，只为了让教学大纲上的某本书的作者能够在书上签名。）其次，设计干扰选项：选项B用workshop迷惑考生，原文的重点不是学生参加workshop，而是“想和作者一起”参与workshop。选项C用aesthetic expertise迷惑，但意思和原文无关。选项D用expensive和expenses词形相似迷惑，意思和原文也无关。【5】Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Teach an Abusive Writer’s Work?B. Writer in Print and PersonC. How to Prepare a SyllabusD. My Regret这里想出一道主旨题。这种题比较难出，主要是错误选项要有迷惑性，但又要与正确答案有区别，还要反映出读者一些错误的主旨总结习惯，所以比较难出。正确选项要出得大家都没有异议也有一定难度。首先，确定正确选项：A：Teach an Abusive Writer’s Work?（要教授行为粗鲁的作者的作品吗？） 因为第1段，第2段作者都提出了这个问题，但后面也没有答案。说明这就是作者文章的中心：提出一个这样的困惑。这篇文章的关键词是“writer”，这个词一定会包含在正确答案中。其次，设计干扰选项：所有干扰项设计采用了同一个策略，就是从段首句找醒目词。选项B是第3段的开头，但Writer in Print and Person只是作者开设的一门课程的名称。选项C利用Syllabus一次将考生目光引向第1段，但第1段作者提出Syllabus（大纲）的问题，只是作为引言，引起大家想象，如果大纲里很多作品的作者都有问题，那么大纲岂不要重写了吗？就像叠叠高游戏一样，很多支撑木块都抽掉后，叠叠高的塔就倒掉了。选项D利用regret一词将考生目光引向最后一段，但这一段只是作者的感慨。英汉对照：1 When you are a writer who learns a beloved author has a dark side, you experience(v.) waves of disillusionment. When you teach that author’s work, you feel an additional stab of concern: What about my syllabus? As intellectual propertygoes, a great syllabus is a gold mine. Or perhaps a better metaphor would be a Jenga Game. Take away too many supporting pieces and the whole thing will topple.当你是一位作家，知道了某位受人爱戴的作家有黑暗的一面，你会经历一波幻灭的浪潮。当你讲授这位作家的作品时，你会感到额外的担忧：我的教学大纲怎么办？随着知识产权的发展，优秀的教学大纲就是金矿。也许更好的暗喻是一种叠叠高游戏。拿走太多的支撑物，整个塔就会倒塌。2 Do we continue to teach the work of people we now suspectof behaving unethically or abusively? News stories have suggested prominent writer Díaz may have acted in predatory ways. The Pulitzer Prize Board has launched an investigation of past Pulitzer winner Díaz regarding allegations that include forcibly kissing one author and verbally bullying another. As a reader, I’m devastated. As a teacher, I’ve got decisions to make.我们继续讲授那些人的作品，那些让我们现在怀疑行为不道德、粗暴的人的作品吗？新闻报道已经暗示著名作家迪亚兹可能有强暴式行为。普利策奖委员会展开了调查对曾经的普利策奖得主迪亚兹，调查关于某些指控，包括强吻一名作者和口头辱骂另一位作者的指控。作为一名读者，我非常震惊。作为一位教师，我必须做出决定。3 “Writers in Print and Person,” my class at American University,where I often adjunct, invites undergraates to alternate sustained analysis of a book with the opportunity to meet and question the author. Most of our craft learning is subsequently channeled through eight to 10 books assigned for annotation, a selection tailored to students indivially. Because of the particular scope of my responsibilities, and these modes of student learning, I have always emphasized the writer as a fully dimensioned being. What do I do when those dimensional flaws are revealed?“作品中的作者和真正的作者”是我在美国大学上的一门课，在那里我经常兼职，并邀请本科生对一本书进行交替持续的分析，让他们有机会去认识和质疑作者。然后，让学生读八到十本书并做注释，我们大部分写作技巧的学习是通过这八到十本书的引导进行，这些书形成的选集是针对学生个性化定制选择的。由于我的职责的特定范围，以及学生学习的这种模式，我一直强调作者是一个全方位的存在。当那些有瑕疵的维度被揭露时，我该做什么？4 Here’s what I can’t do: pretend that this is not happening. Much of the economy surrounding a contemporary writing career rests not just in what that author does on the page but what the person says at the microphone and in the classroom. I’ve never been a full-time academic. Yet I’ve served as a writer-in-residence four times. In other words, I cross paths with thousands of students, many of whom tell me about their aspirations of becoming writers.我知道我不能做什么：假装这一切都没有发生。围绕着当代写作生涯的许多经济效益不仅仅在于作者在书上写了什么，而且在于他在麦克风和教室里说的话。我从来不是全职的学术型学者。然而，我曾四次作为住校作家。换句话说，我和成千上万的学生不期而遇，他们中的许多人告诉我他们有想成为作家的志向。5 These are students who wait in line afterward, sometimes for hours, so that the author can sign their copy of the book we put on the syllabus. These are the students who nervously apply fora faraway workshop, and then hustle to cover the expenses, so that they can work with a celebrated writer. These are the students who trust in both that writer’s aesthetic expertise and best intentions.这些学生是有时排队等候几个小时，只为了让教学大纲上的某本书的作者能够签上名字。这些学生紧张地申请一个远在外地的工作坊，然后赶紧支付费用，以便能跟一位著名作家学习。这些学生既相信作家的美学知识，又相信他们的最佳意图。6 I look back with deep regretat times I’ve recommended someone as a mentor, editor or visiting writer, unaware of a history of abusive attitudes.我回头想想，深感遗憾的是，有时我推荐某人做导师、编辑或访问作家，并没有意识到他态度粗鲁的过去。

考研英语的真题多做几套，发现阅读题的内容涵盖题材十分丰富，主要都是来自英美国家一些享有较高声誉的权威报刊杂志，文章题材具备时效性，文章内容包罗万象，主要针对当年的热门话题，包括了社会、自然、人文、科学等各大领域。那到底都来源于哪些期刊呢？新与成商学院小编今天就给大家盘点一下吧！1、《经济学人》（The Economist）《经济学人》是一份由伦敦经济学人报纸有限公司出版的杂志，在全球发行。《经济学人》的文章一般没有署名，而且往往带有鲜明的立场。杂志的写作风格十分有特色，注重于如何在最小的篇幅内告诉读者最多的信息。一般人把《经济学人》看作是一份杂志，因为它每周出刊一次，而且采用杂志专用的光面纸印刷。但是《经济学人》认为自己是一份报纸，因为它每一期除了提供分析与意见外，还试图报导整周发生的所有重要政经新闻。2、《时代周刊》（Times）《时代周刊》又称《时代》，是在1923年正式创立，美国三大时事性周刊之一，创办的的宗旨是要在忙碌也有余力接触世界大事，该刊的特色是将一周的新闻加以综合组织、有条理的分类，并提供背景材料，进行分析。作为美国第一份用叙述体报道时事，打破传统垄断的大众性期刊，经常会大量使用各类相关性的图片和精确数据制成的图表穿插在文章之中，这种编排风格深受广为国内外新闻杂志的喜欢，并纷纷为之效仿。3、《纽约时报》（New York Times）纽约时报传统的版面风格高贵、严肃，但拘谨保守，版面上一片灰色，被称为“灰贵妇”。在新闻报道方面《纽约时报》将自己看作是一份“报纸记录”，但假如它真的首先报道一个事件的话，那么这个报道的可靠性是非常高的，因此往往被世界上其它报纸和新闻社直接作为新闻来源。《纽约时报》的社论在业界都是被认为相对开通的，但是实际上它的社论是由许多观点迥然的作者撰写的，所以整体的观点并不统一。《纽约时报》在美国拥有相当大的影响力，它是美国人生活中不可或缺的一部分。每天早晨在上班前，从地铁站花2美元买一份《纽约时报》已经成为许多美国人生活中的一部分。4、《新闻周刊》（News week）《新闻周刊》（Newsweek），创立于1933年2月17日。《新闻周刊》是美国时政杂志中因评论优秀而获得荣誉最多的周刊，与《时代周刊》、《美国新闻与世界报道》并称为美国三大新闻周刊。它在美国大众的心目中的地位是仅次于《时代》周刊的。《新闻周刊》曾在克林顿性丑闻、“911事件”等负面报道中一马当先，让政府下不来台。考虑到近年来美国保守主义思潮强劲复兴的大背景，《新闻周刊》在派系斗争中光荣挂彩也显得顺理成章。对于我们考研人来说，了解这些国外大环境的整体背景，掌握一定的专业词汇，对于正确理解文章内容，把握全局思想非常有用。从体裁上看，大纲要求考生能够顺利读懂四类文章，分别为议论文、说明文、记叙文和应用文。不过，考研英语阅读理解的文章大多为说明文或者议论文。针对这两类文章，大家应该研究出有不同的阅读重点和策略。另近年来文章的趋势，时效性越来越明显，所以我们阅读的范围也就小了很多。多了解这些杂志期刊，你会发现英语阅读其实是有规律可循的。

备考的童鞋们，考研英语阅读真题都做过一遍了吗？那么，你需要试一下新的阅读方式——“老干部”式看报！相信很多同学应该都知道，考研英语真题几乎都是摘自英美主流权威报刊杂志，入选的文章经常出现外国广泛关注的话题。如果你有精力在复习英语时，挤出一些阅读题源报纸的时间，培养阅读思维和语感，会在英语考试中更有把握。搜索网上关于题源刊物的归纳，主要集中在Newsweek《新闻周刊》，New York Times《纽约时报》，U.S.News and World Report《美国新闻与世界报道》，Times《时代周刊》这几本名声响当当的报纸杂志。但是，通过分析对比近几年考研阅读真题的题源，不难发现，出题人早已另有所爱。先来看看近几年都有哪些刊物向考研英语输送了真题文章。2020年英语（一）、英语（二）的阅读题文章中三篇来自The Guardian《卫报》，其余文章分别来自Newsweek《新闻周刊》、Times《时代周刊》、New York Times《纽约时报》。2019年英语（一）、英语（二）的阅读题文章中两篇来自The Christian science monitor《基督教科学箴言报》，两篇来自The Atlantic《大西洋月刊》，两篇来自网站Bloomberg“彭博网”。2018年英语（一）、英语（二）的阅读题文章中三篇来自The Christian science monitor《基督教科学箴言报》，两篇来自The Guardian《卫报》，一篇来自网站Bloomberg“彭博网”等。……小编在这里就不一一列举了，直接上干货！近八年出题人PICK最多的“选手”刊物都在这了——并附上官方网站。1.The Guardian《卫报》八年间，《卫报》一共有13篇文章被考研英语选中，足以见得，C位非它莫属，你的目光也一定要紧紧跟随C位的文章，阅读报纸的首选。2.The Christian science monitor《基督教科学箴言报》第二顺位的《基督教科学箴言报》，从2016年起，每年至少有一篇阅读文章来自这个报纸，稳定的命题率让它毫无悬念的“高位出道”。3.The Atlantic《大西洋月刊》《大西洋月刊》以其深刻的内容和优美的文字，成为题源刊物的“潜力股”。这本关于文学、政治、科学与艺术的杂志，不仅是美国最受尊敬的杂志之一，也是政治人物必读刊物。4.The Economist《经济学人》《经济学人》在题源刊物中可谓是“常青树”般的存在，过去十年，频频入选考研英语真题。这本看似是主讲经济的杂志其实是个“大杂烩”，包括政治、经济、文化、科技、历史等诸多话题。追求用最小的篇幅传达更多的信息，机智幽默的同时，又不失严肃。除此之外，有精力的同学也可以涉猎阅读《时代周刊》、《自然杂志》、《新闻周刊》、《华盛顿邮报》等刊物。考研的时间这么紧迫，看报当然也要讲究效率，不能盲目阅读。一个小技巧教会你如何筛选文章：1.挑选接近真题长度的文章，大致在3-6个段落，字数控制在400-500之间。2.挑选近三年关于经济、社会生活和文化、科技教育等话题文章。小编提醒，题源刊物一定程度上会对阅读有所帮助，但仍要根据自身情况，谨慎选择！英语基础薄弱的同学要先以历年真题为主，切不可因小失大。

本文是2013年考研英语试卷阅读理解Part A的Text 2部分。本文主要讲述了网络隐私问题，就“在线行为广告”引发的争议展开论述，随后追溯了争议的相关解决方案。An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half.老话说的好，广告费的一半是浪费了的——问题是，没人知道哪一半浪费掉的。In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reced.在互联网时代，至少在理论上，这一浪费的部分能够减少。By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.通过观察人们搜索什么，点击什么，在网络上说什么，公司能够瞄准那些更容易购买的客户投放“行为”广告。26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:第一段表明，“行为”广告帮助广告商：[A] ease competition among themselves缓和他们之间的竞争[B] lower their operational costs降低运营成本[C] avoid complaints from consumers避免消费者的抱怨[D] provide better online services提供更好的网络服务答案：B。解析：第一句就指出了，广告费花费了有一半被浪费掉了。后面指出互联网时代广告费用大幅减少，因为公司（广告商）能够将“行为”广告投放给最有可能购买的人群。由此可知，“行为广告”能帮助广告商“降低运营成本”这句话最符合题意。In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?在过去几周，一场争论表明这些精准信息对于广告商的价值：广告商应该假定用户乐于被追踪并且收到这些广告吗？或者应该获得用户明确的准许？In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .在2010年12月，美国联邦贸易委员会建议提出一个“禁止追踪”的选项加入到网络浏览器中，以便用户能告诉广告商他们不想被“追踪”。Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is e to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the instry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.微软的IE浏览器和苹果的Safari浏览器提供了“禁止追踪”选项；谷歌的Chrome浏览器在今年准备提供这样的功能。2月，联邦贸易委员会和数字广告联盟同意该行业尽快对“禁止追踪”这一请求作出回应。27. “The instry” (Line 6, Para.3) refers to:“该行业”指的是：[A] online advertisers在线广告商[B] e-commerce conctors电子商务运营[C] digital information analysis数字信息分析者[D] internet browser developers网络浏览器开发商答案：D。解析：FTC和DAA一致认为the instry会对DNT要求迅速做出回应。前面又指出FTC提议在浏览器上添加DNT选项，可见这个提议的动作执行者在浏览器开发商。可见FTC和DAA提议的the instry就是浏览器开发商。On May 31st Microsoft set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version e to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.微软在五月31日率先发起讨论，它表明随windows8一起发布的IE 10，将把“禁止追踪”选项设为默认状态。Advertisers are horrified .广告商慌神了。Human nature being what it is,most people stick with default settings.人性本质上是，大多数人还是坚持默认设置的。Few switch DNT on now,but if tracking is off it will stay off.很少人会打开DNT选项，但是如果“追踪”是关闭的那么它就一直关闭了。Bob Liodice,the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers,says consumers will be worse off if the instry cannot collect information about their preferences.国家广告协会会长Bob Liodice 表示，如果这个行业不能收集消费者们的偏好信息，消费者的情况将会更糟。People will not get fewer ads,he says.“They’ll get less meaningful,less targeted ads.人们看到的广告不会更少，他们会得到更多的“无意义的”、更不精确的目标广告。28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a defaultBob Liodice坚称设置“禁止追踪”为默认选项[A] may cut the number of junk ads可能减少垃圾广告[B] fails to affect the ad instry对这个行业没有影响[C] will not benefit consumers对消费者不利[D] goes against human nature违反人性答案：C。解析：Bob Liodice指出了消费者的情况会更糟糕，收到的广告不会变少，反而会出现更多无意义的广告。所以C正确。It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond.还不清楚广告商怎么回应。Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so.收到“DNT”信号并不能迫使企业去停止追踪，尽管一些企业承诺会这么做。Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.由于不能分辨出用户是拒绝“行为”广告还是他们只是坚持微软的默认选项，一些企业可能忽略“禁止追踪”的信号并且继续追踪。29. which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?根据第六段，下面哪一个是正确的？[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose“禁止追踪”可能不能取得预期目标[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT广告商更希望执行“禁止追踪”选项[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers“禁止追踪”在消费者之中并不流行[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads广告商有责任提供“行为”广告答案：A。解析：公司收到DNT信号并不意味着一定要求停止追踪，而且由于他们不清楚消费者心理，可能也会对DNT默认信号加以忽略。由此，DNT并不能达到限制公司获取用户在线行为信息的目的。所以A合适。Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.并且也不清楚为什么微软一意孤行的发起行动。After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how.毕竟，它也有商业广告业务。据称这些业务也遵守“禁止追踪”选项设定。不过还在具体怎样实施还在研究当中。If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising，it has chosen an indirect method: there is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm.如果它是想让谷歌不高兴，谷歌的业务几乎全靠广告支持。它选择了一个不太直接的方式，没有保证说能将“‘禁止追踪’设为默认状态”成为行业规范。DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other procts favorably with Google's on that count before.“禁止追踪”看起来也不能成为Windows 8的巨大卖点，尽管此前这个公司将旗下一些产品与谷歌的进行了有利对比。Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged:" we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?Brendon Lynch，微软首席隐私官，在博客中写道：我们相信消费者将有更多的控制权。真的那么简单吗？30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:作者对Brendon Lynch在博客中所说的态度是：[A] inlgence纵容[B] understanding理解[C] appreciation欣赏[D] skepticism怀疑答案：D。解析：Brendon Lynch说消费者应该拥有更多控制权，但是作者后面又反问：真的那么简单吗？可见，作者对Brendon Lynch的观点是怀疑的。

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