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1999年考研英语阅读理解第四篇答案和全文翻译逆其俗者

1999年考研英语阅读理解第四篇答案和全文翻译

原文+译文:When a Scottish research team startled the world by revealing 3 months ago that it had cloned an alt sheep, President Clinton moved swiftly. 三个月前,当一个苏格兰研究小组宣布他们克隆了一只成年绵羊时,世界为之震惊,克林顿总统迅速做出反应。Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment -- although no one had proposed to do so -- and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.他宣称反对利用这种非同寻常的畜牧业技术去克隆人,并下令禁止联邦资金用于此类实验——尽管还没有人提议要那样做——并要求一个由普林斯顿大学校长哈罗德·夏皮罗为首的独立专家小组,在九十天内拿出有关克隆人的国家政策的建议,向白宫汇报。That group -- the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) -- has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17 May, members agreed on a near-final draft of their recommendations.这个名为“全国生物伦理道德顾问委员会”(NBAC)的小组一直在非常积极地工作,集思广益,并诉诸笔端;在5月17日的一次会议上,委员们就接近定稿的意见书取得了一致意见。NBAC will ask that Clinton’s 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law.NBAC将要求克林顿总统禁止联邦资金用于克隆人的九十天禁令无限期地延长,并且还可能要求将之立法。But NBAC members are planning to word the recommendation narrowly to avoid new restrictions on research that involves the cloning of human DNA or cells -- routine in molecular biology.但是,NBAC成员们正计划在建议的措辞上更为严谨,以避免给克隆人体DNA或细胞等研究带来更多的限制——(这属于)分子生物研究中的常规课题。The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.然而,该小组尚未在一个关键问题上达成一致,即是否建议立法机关将私人资金用于克隆人的行为法定为犯罪。In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be “morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by alt nuclear cloning.”在5月17日会议上讨论的建议序言草案中,夏皮罗表示,专家组已取得广泛的共识,认为“试图利用成人细胞核去克隆婴儿将是违背道德伦理的”。Shapiro explained ring the meeting that the moral doubt stems mainly from fears about the risk to the health of the child. The panel then informally accepted several general conclusions, although some details have not been settled.夏皮罗解释说在与会期间,道德上的怀疑主要源于对婴儿健康的担忧。随后,该小组非正式地接受了几项概括性的结论,尽管有些细节尚无定论。NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei to create a child. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo’s life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.NBAC计划呼吁继续禁止为任何企图利用人体细胞核去制造婴孩的做法提供联邦政府基金资助。因为现行的联邦法律已经禁止联邦基金用于制造研究用的胚胎(人类后代出生前的最早阶段)或有意识地危及胚胎的生命,所以NBAC在胚胎研究这一问题上将保持沉默。NBAC members also indicated that they will appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer. NBAC的成员明确表示,他们将呼吁受私人基金资助的研究人员和诊所不要尝试通过人体细胞核转移来克隆人。But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning. Shapiro and most members favored an appeal for such legislation, but in a phone interview, he said this issue was still “up in the air.”但他们在是否进一步要求联邦立法强令完全禁止克隆人这一问题上存在分歧。夏皮罗和大多数委员赞成将此立法,但在电话采访中,他透露这一议题仍“悬而未决”。试题:51. We can learn from the first paragraph that.[A] federal funds have been used in a project to clone humans[B] the White House responded strongly to the news of cloning[C] NBAC was authorized to control the misuse of cloning technique[D] the White House has got the panel’s recommendations on cloning52. The panel agreed on all of the following except that.[A] the ban on federal funds for human cloning should be made a law[B] the cloning of human DNA is not to be put under more control[C] it is criminal to use private funding for human cloning[D] it would be against ethical values to clone a human being53. NBAC will leave the issue of embryo research undiscussed because_.[A] embryo research is just a current development of cloning[B] the health of the child is not the main concern of embryo research[C] an embryo’s life will not be endangered in embryo research[D] the issue is explicitly stated and settled in the law54. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that.[A] some NBAC members hesitate to ban human cloning completely[B] a law banning human cloning is to be passed in no time[C] privately funded researchers will respond positively to NBAC’s appeal[D] the issue of human cloning will soon be settled答案:B C D A

鬼打墙

1999年考研英语阅读理解第五篇答案和全文翻译

原文+译文:Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments.实际上,科学的进步依赖于做实验,但更依赖于实验的观察者(即做实验的人)有所准备的头脑。Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple.据说艾萨克·牛顿爵士是从苹果落地现象中发现了万有引力。Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets.多少个世纪以来,许多地方一直都有苹果落到地面,成千上万的人也都看过苹果落地。但多年来只有牛顿一直对月球和行星沿轨道运行的起因感到好奇。What kept them in place? Why didn’t they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.是什么使它们保持在现在的位置?它们为什么不从天上掉下来?苹果向下落到地面而不向上飞到树上,这一事实回答了他长期以来一直对天空中更大的“果实”——月球和行星所存有的疑问。How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree?多少人会考虑过苹果向上飞到树上的可能性呢?Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. His mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research.牛顿这样做了,因为他不想对任何事情进行预测。他只是怀有好奇心。他的头脑在准备思考不可预测的事。不可预测性是科学研究的一个基本特征。If you don’t have unpredictable things, you don’t have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals, but history is filled with examples of it.如果没有不可预测现象的产生就无所谓科学研究了。科学家们在为学术刊物撰写呆板的例行报告时往往会忘记这一点,而历史上这样的例子却比比皆是。In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the “scientific method” a substitute for imaginative thought.在和一些科学家,特别是年轻科学家交谈时,你可能会有这样一种印象:他们认为“科学方法”可以代替创造性思维。I’ve attended research conferences where a scientist has been asked what he thinks about the advisability of continuing a certain experiment.我出席过一些科研会议,会上有人问一位科学家继续某项实验是否是明智之举。The scientist has frowned, looked at the graphs, and said “the data are still inconclusive.”那位科学家皱了皱眉,又看了看图表,然后说:“数据还是不够确定。”“We know that,” the men from the budget office have said, “but what do you think? Is it worthwhile going on? What do you think we might expect?” The scientist has been shocked at having even been asked to speculate.预算部门的人说:“这点我们知道,但你的意见如何?你觉得值得做下去吗?你觉得我们可以期待什么呢?”这位科学家感到很震惊,他没有料到人们会让他做出预测。What this amounts to, of course, is that the scientist has become the victim of his own writings.当然,这几乎等于说:这位科学家成了自己所写报告的受害者。He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced instrial and business management that they are true.他所提出的种种论断是如此不容置疑、如此一致,以至于不仅他自己相信了,而且也说服了工商界的管理者相信其正确性。If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to proce results measurable in dollars and cents.假如科学实验像科学杂志报告显示的那样完全按事先的计划去规划和实施,那么,对管理层来说,期待研究能够产生可用美元、美分衡量的结果是完全合理的。It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.审计人员也完全有理由相信,确切知道自己的目标并知道如何实现这一目标的科学家们根本没必要分心:用一只眼盯着现金计数器的同时,用另一只眼睛盯着显微镜。Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team.”如果像他们的论文所反映的那样,科学家渴望规律性和与某种标准模式的一致性,那么管理人员歧视研究人员中的“标新立异者”,而赞赏“善于合作”的具有传统思维模式的人,也就是无可指摘的。试题:51. The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that.[A] inquiring minds are more important than scientific experiments[B] science advances when fruitful researches are concted[C] scientists seldom forget the essential nature of research[D] unpredictability weighs less than prediction in scientific research52. The author asserts that scientists.[A] shouldn’t replace “scientific method” with imaginative thought[B] shouldn’t neglect to speculate on unpredictable things[C] should write more concise reports for technical journals[D] should be confident about their research findings53. It seems that some young scientists.[A] have a keen interest in prediction[B] often speculate on the future[C] think highly of creative thinking[D] stick to “scientific method”54. The author implies that the results of scientific research.[A] may not be as profitable as they are expected[B] can be measured in dollars and cents[C] rely on conformity to a standard pattern[D] are mostly underestimated by management答案:A B D A

大决赛

考研英语翻译练习8——2021考研人快看!

#考研英语#图片来源:网络考研英语翻译练习8:By the date of his birth, Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.句子结构分析-在他出生的年代,欧洲正经历着宗教戏剧的消亡,以及在古典悲剧和喜剧刺激下新形式创作的产生。在翻译的时候,要注意:1.under 后面的部分修饰 forms,翻译时往往放在其前面。图片来源:网络单词、短语:by —— 在……之前;在……期间;由于;经过;靠近;通过date —— 日期;年代witnessing —— 目睹;经历passing —— (事物的)结束,消亡incentive —— 刺激[原创作品,欢迎关注、分享、点赞、评论,请勿转载]

解之也悲

考研英语翻译练习6——2021考研人快看!

#考研英语#图片来源:网络考研英语翻译练习6:As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.句子结构分析-当许多人承担着试图将推理和科学哲理融入到世界的责任时,文艺复兴时期结束了,一个理性的新时代该到来了。在翻译的时候,有几点要注意:1.as可以翻译为:随着、当……时。2.介宾短语作后置定语,翻译时放在前面。即 of 后的内容修饰的是前面的 ty。图片来源:网络单词、短语:integrate —— 成为一体;(使)加入,融入reasoning —— 推理;论证;理性的观点era —— 时代;年代;纪元take on the ty —— 承担责任[原创作品,欢迎关注、分享、点赞、评论,请勿转载]

考研英语翻译练习11——2021考研人快看!

#考研英语#图片来源:网络考研英语翻译练习11:A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouse established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.-一种本土的文学戏剧已经创立,并且与公共剧院建立起了联盟,至少它的一些优秀传统开始被传承了。在翻译的时候,要注意:1.被动语态,翻译时可以转换成主动。2.最后一个小句子翻译成汉语不通顺,翻译时把句子意思补充完整。图片来源:网络单词、短语:alliance —— 结盟团体;联盟playhouse —— (用于剧场名称)剧院literary —— 文学的[原创作品,欢迎关注、分享、点赞、评论,请勿转载]

古子君子

考研英语翻译练习13——2021考研人快看!

#考研#图片来源:网络考研英语翻译练习13:The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to the UK's providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader ecation business sectors.句子结构分析-大卫格拉多尔所发现的这些变化,都给教授他国人士英语的英国机构,以及广大教育行业带来了一些明确而巨大的挑战。在翻译的时候,要注意:1.identified by David Graddol 修饰前面的changes,翻译时放在changes 前面。图片来源:网络单词、短语:identify —— 鉴定;确认;发现;找到*define —— 界定;明确;阐明;下定义present —— 出现;提出;显示;提交major —— 严重;主要的;重要的;大的broad —— 广大;宽阔的;普遍的[原创作品,欢迎关注、分享、点赞、评论,请勿转载]

浮业镇

2019考研英语:阅读入门指导

在考研英语复习的基础阶段,该如何复习阅读这个重要板块,对各位考研er来说显得尤其重要,今天要分享给你们的就是考研英语阅读的入门指导,希望可以帮到你。看点1基础阶段考研阅读:培养适合自己的方法和习惯阅读理解是考研英语中的重点,因其占据的分值最大,也是相对很难的一项。在考研英语复习中要以阅读理解为龙头带动其他各项。阅读理解其实在整个考试试卷中具有承上启下的作用,何以见得呢?首先,在阅读过程中根据上下文的逻辑联系来理解词汇的词义,这实际上带动了完形填空的复习。其次,在做阅读理解练习时,注意分析段落结构和语篇结构,这大大有助于选择搭配题的复习。第三,做阅读理解时把文章中的长难句拿出来分析其语法结构再把它们译成汉语,这就等于复习英译汉。最后,做阅读理解时把文章中常用的句型和成语抄录下来背记、造句。这肯定有助于短文写作的复习准备。可见,通过阅读理解练习可以做到一举多得,大大提高整体的复习效率。阅读能力其实可以归结为包括五方面的能力,分别为:大纲词汇、长难句、逻辑思维能力、篇章分析能力和题型分析能力。就基础阶段而言,前三项能力是非常重要的。一定要在备考初级阶段,把前三项能力真正把握好了,否则会非常影响之后的强化与冲刺阶段的备考。那如何备考呢?看点2考研英语阅读一般分为三大类,共有九大题型:(1)第一类包括细节题、词汇题、句子理解题和指代题,这类题型主要考察文章的细节;(2)第二类包括判断题和推理题,这类题归结到文章的段落,句子与句子的关系;(3)第三类包括例证题、主旨题和态度题,这是考察文章宏观和整体内容。看点3对于考研英语阅读基础阶段的复习建议:(1)要以真题为纲,前期一定要用精读的、剖析的角度来复习真题中的阅读文章。怎么算是精读呢?有三个标准:一是把文章中涉及到的每个单词用本子抄下来,翻译;二是挑选出自己认为比较难的句子亲自翻译和透彻分析,背诵句子;三是把文章后面每一道题都要进行回炉,进行透彻分析,把每一个选项为什么对、为什么错分析清楚。如果我们把用在阅读上的精力算为100%的话,那么用在精读应该为70%的精力,做题反而是次要的。(2)同时我们也要进行一些泛读。那么何为泛读呢?选取好的素材,像国外报刊杂志,比如Economist(经济学人)、Newsweek(新闻周刊)、Time(时代周刊)等,因为历年真题阅读文章绝大部分取材于此。还有新概念也是一套不错的英语泛读材料。看点4虽然基础阶段还是以精读为主,但做题也是水到渠成的事情,那么我们就要了解一下该怎么做阅读理解,一般分为四步:(1)扫描题干、划出关键词。拿到阅读的第一步先看题干,这样可以建立目标感,对文章主要内容和脉络有个大致了解。(2)通读全文、抓住中心。通读时要把握两个重点,一是文章首段;二是其余各段的转折和首尾句。另外通读时要思考三个问题:文章叙述的主要内容、文章有无提到核心概念、作者大致态度。(3)仔细审题,返回原文:关键词定位法,由题干出发,寻找关键信息。(4)重叠选项,得出答案:遇到难的文章可采用看一题读一段的解题方式。最后还是要提醒大家一点,不管什么技巧与方法,最好能自己去总结一下,别人说的如果只是看看不去实践一下,那么终究是别人的,与自身无关,对己无益。

未必贵也

2019考研英语阅读:泛读+精读

前言:“得阅读者得天下”,这是每一位考研学子都需要铭记于心的隽语,考研阅读的分值独占40%分值,但阅读分数低也是每年众多学子考研英语败北的一个重要原因。备考阅读是一个艰辛的过程,阅读最能检测考生的功底:词汇辨析、长难句解析、逻辑关系、题型分析能力以及篇章分析能力,所以时间和精力都要有意识地投入到阅读中来。从阅读理解的英文翻译“Reading Comprehension”便可看出“读”在攻克阅读中的重要性。本文针对“泛读”和“精读”给考生提出备考建议。一、 泛读读什么?首先,考生要明确考研英语阅读素材全部来自西方核心杂志期刊,尤以美国最甚,比如:Business Week, The Economists, News Week, Times。考研英语阅读的文章大多是来源于这些期刊,然后经过中国命题组专家经过20%的改编变成考题。这里的“泛读”分为两个维度:核心期刊的泛读和历年英语真题的泛读。前者指的是广大考生在备考英语的过程中可以多阅读、多涉猎这些核心期刊,但考生只需要大致浏览段落行文即可,因为原文中的生词和句子都没必要逐个查阅,泛读的目的在于扩展自己的知识面、感受西方人的思维习惯以及提升自身的语感。后者的“真题泛读”指的是考生能够通过阅读解题技巧比较准确锁定题目的大致出题位置以及整篇文章的脉络结构即可,以2013年英语一Text3为例,全文的脉络是:前两段用现象引出话题,第三段引出文章中心“人类始终光明的前景”,随后开始辩证分析人类能够持续发展的多重原因,尾段下结论:尽管人类未来可能充满挫折,但人类的未来充满希望。二、 精读怎么读?这里的精读聚焦于“历年阅读真题”,因为市场上再好的模拟题也无法和历年真题去比拟。真题最能检测考生将“基础”和“技巧”结合的灵活度。阅读真题一般做两遍即可,第三遍的重心应该是将每篇阅读真题进行精读,基本做到篇章行文脉络清晰、题型判断准确、每个段落论点和论据识别清楚、每段长句子能够拆解清楚、全文以及题干选项均无生词,做到这种程度不仅能够有效积累活跃在真题中的高频词汇、高效破解长难句各成分修饰与搭配关系,同时还能极大地提升语感。结语:阅读是考研英语的一道硬菜,但想烧好这道菜,不仅需要细心和耐心备好原材料,更需要系统掌握阅读解题技巧,这样才能为考研成功准备好一道好菜。

见面礼

考研英语翻译练习3——2021考研人快看!

#考研英语#图片来源:网络考研英语翻译练习3:With the Church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.-随着文艺复兴时期基督教的教义和思考方式不再那么有重要性,中世纪和现代之间的隔阂被消除了,并引领走向了崭新的、未被探知的知识领域。-随着文艺复兴时期教会的教义和思维方式黯然失色,中世纪和现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合,从而带来了崭新的、未被探知的知识领域。图片来源:网络在翻译的时候,有几点要注意:被动句翻译时有两种处理方法:转换为主动语态和保持被动,常常用转换成主动语态,即 being eclipsed 这个地方翻译成主动语态。定语前置。即 between and 这里翻译时放在gap前面。图片来源:网络单词、短语:eclipse —— 遮住……的光;使失色;使丧失重要性;日食;月食;黯然失色Renaissance —— 文艺复兴(人们以古希腊罗马的思想文化来繁荣文学艺术)Medieval —— 中世纪的modern periods —— 现代;近代intellectual —— 知识分子;智力的;理智的territories —— 领土;地区;领域(科学知识、行动等的)bridge the gap (between A and B) —— 消除……隔阂/鸿沟/分歧[原创作品,欢迎分享,请勿转载]

红树林

考研英语翻译练习4——2021考研人快看!

#考研英语#图片来源:网络考研英语翻译练习4:Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.句子结构分析-在每个启示之前,当时的许多思想家还是沿用了古老的思维方式,包括以地球是宇宙中心的地心说观点。 -在每个真理揭示之前,当时的许多思想家还是沿用了古老的思维方式,包括以地球是宇宙中心的地心说观点。在翻译的时候,有几点要注意:状语前置。即翻译时,at the time 放到前面。分词作后置定语,比较长,可以顺译。图片来源:网络单词、短语:revelation —— 天启,圣经,(圣经中的)《启示录》;暴露真相;泄露消息;揭发;意外的发现(新事、新经验)*revolution —— 革命;大变革;巨变sustain —— 支持;支撑;遭受;证实;使保持;使稳定持续geocentric —— 以地球为中心的[原创作品,欢迎分享、点赞、评论,请勿转载]