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1994年考研英语阅读第一篇全文翻译和解析—本文介绍美国经济结构其理不竭

1994年考研英语阅读第一篇全文翻译和解析—本文介绍美国经济结构

The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be proced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. 美国的经济体制是在基本上由私营企业组成并以市场为导向的经济基础上建立起来的。在这个经济体制里,需要生产什么主要是由消费者在市场上花钱购买他们最需要的商品和服务决定的。Private businessmen, striving to make profits, proce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are proced.为了获取利润,私有企业主之间互相竞争,来生产这些产品和提供这些服务。在竞争的压力下运作,追求利润的动机很大程度上决定了生产商品和提供服务的方式。Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of indivial consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of indivials to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be proced and how resources are used to proce it.因此,在美国的经济体制中,消费者个人的需求、商人对获取最大利润的追求以及消费者渴望最大化自己的收入,所有这些共同决定了应该生产什么和如何利用资源去生产这些产品。An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by procers.在以市场为导向的经济中的一个重要因素是反映消费者需求以及生产者对消费者需求作出反应的机制。In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-procers.在美国经济中,这一机制是由价格体制提供,在价格体系中,价格随消费者的相对需求和出售者及生产者的供应情况而上下浮动。If the proct is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market.如果产品相对供不应求,价格就会抬升,从而使一些消费者从市场上消失。If, on the other hand, procing more of a commodity results in recing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-procers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the proct.另一方面,如果商品的大量生产导致成本的降低,这会促使销售商和生产商供给的增加,从而反过来导致价格下降,致使更多的消费者购买产品。Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.因此,价格是美国经济体制中的调节机制。The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that indivials are allowed to own proctive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and proce goods and services for sale at a profit.私有企业经济的一个重要因素是允许个人拥有生产资料(私有财产),允许他们雇用劳动力,控制自然资源,以及生产产品、提供服务以获取利润。In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of proctive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a proct or to make a free contract with another private indivial.在美国经济中,私人财产的概念不仅仅包含对生产资料的所有权,还包含某些其他权利,其中包括确定产品的价格或与另一私营者签订自由合同。11.[答案]D[解析]本题考核的知识点是:句题题。先定位到第一段末句。解题的关键是看对maximize的理解。原文所在句“coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of indivials to maximize their incomes”将生产者和消费者的愿望对照来说。句中的两个maximize平衡并列,作用、意义完全相同。因此知道maximize在第一处的意义即可知道第二处之意。众所周知,商人总是想用最少的投入取得最大的利润,这就是maximize的意义。由此可知,消费者希望使一定的收入取得最大限度的效益,即用现有收入买到更多更好的商品。而[D]选项恰是此意。[A]和[B]选项未在原文提及。[C]选项反映的是劳资双方的关系,而不是生产者与消费者之间的关系。12.[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:事实细节题。[D]选项就是该段第二句“prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-procers”的概括,为正确答案。[A]选项在这两句中并未涉及。注意文中第一句的mechanism意为“机制”,而该选项中的mechanized意为“机械化”,二者含义不同。误选[B]选项的考生是对该段首句的语法成分分析错误。它是一个省略句,补全后应该是“An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and (by which consumer demands can be) responded to by procers”。由此可知,消费者通过这一机制表达他们的需求,而生产者则通过这一机制对他们的需求作出反应。[B]选项理解成consumer demands can be expressed…by procers。[C]选项与第二句“供求关系决定价格”不符,也应该排除。此题亦可通过经济常识解答。注意:干扰选项经常使用原文中出现的词语或类似的结构伪造,所以对那些出现了原词的选项一定要仔细辨认真伪。13.[答案]A[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:段落主旨题。题干要求考生回答私营企业经济的特点,即第三段的主题。该段只有两句。第一句强调的是私营企业最重要的因素是个人拥有生产资料(私人财产)、允许个人雇用劳动力和控制自然资源。第二句是指私人财产的概念还包含某些其他权利,如:产品价格的决定权或与其他私有个体的自由签约权。尤其第二句的not only… but also…更表明了此段主旨。[A]选项是对上述内容的概括,为正确答案。而[B]、[C]和[D]选项虽然都在第三段述及,但是都是[A]选项下的具体内容,缺乏概括性,不应该入选。命题意图要求考生区分段落细节与段落中心是局部与整体的关系。14.[答案]C[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:文章主旨题。解此题需要了解文章各段的主旨。第一段论述美国经济体制的构成;第二段介绍市场经济的运行方式;第三段介绍私营经济的特点。后两段是对第一段的进一步论述。由此可见,美国经济体制的构成和运作是本文论述的中心。[C]选项正反映了这一主题。[A]、[B]和[D]选项都在文中有所涉及,但都是具体细节,比较片面,应该排除。此题还可以通过直接对选项进行比较排除来解题。[A]、[B]和[D]都在文中述及,分属于三个独立的、不同的概念。其中任意一个可代表其他两个,而[C]选项概括性强,可以包括[A]、[B]和[D],故[C]为正确答案。

慧明

「干货」考研英语阅读理解之例证题02

考研英语阅读第二讲:例证题0021.例证题标志:题干中有:example;case;by citing···; is mentioned to···;to····;2.做题原则:排除例子本身(就事论事的选项);例子本身不重要,重要的是其支撑的观点。3.例证题类型:开篇例;段中例上一讲完成了开篇例,今日再讲第二类段中例。(1)段中例:除了文章首段首句就开始举例之外,剩下的都叫做段中例;【回顾:开篇例答案位置:一般在例子结束后的第一句。】难点:如何判断例子开始与结束?(1)看前后句子主语是否一致,若一致,则仍为例子本身,不读;(2)若主语不同,则为例子结束。4.做题步骤【1】划出题干中的定位词(以句子为最小单位);【2】定位到句,圈出例证题中的举例对象;【3】找出例子开头与结尾;【4】答案位置:80%向例子前找答案(答案在例子前一句或本段第一句);20%向例子后找答案(答案在例子结束的第一句);代词指代应当高度重视。5.段中例真题再现:01-2-57.The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of ________.[A] providing financial support overseas[B] preventing foreign capital’s control[C] building instrial infrastructure[D] accepting foreign investmentTo take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its instrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure -- including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on -- were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn’t mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.解析:首先定位题干举例对象the United States,发现在文章第二句Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. 80%往例子前找答案,例子前一句与本段第一句重合,证明为答案。精读本句:To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment.一些贫穷国家必须克服他们对外资的偏见,也即“应当接受外资”,答案选择 have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment.同意替换答案:[D] accepting foreign investment.6.段中例真题练习(评论区给出答案):99-5-67.The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that ________.[A] inquiring minds are more important than scientific experiments[B] science advances when fruitful researches are concted[C] scientists seldom forget the essential nature of research[D] unpredictability weighs less than prediction in scientific researchScience, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple. Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets. What kept them in place? Why didn’t they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.

解心释神

盘点近几年考研英语阅读的内容

考研英语非常重要的一部分就是阅读,大家在掌握英语阅读技巧的情况下, 还要从历年来的考点来看看其规律性,下面带着大家盘点下近六年的考题。2018年考研阅读如下内容:第一篇:人工智能  第二篇:媒体技能  第三篇:数据利用  第四篇:美国邮政2017考研阅读如下内容:第一篇:安检措施  第二篇:选址之争  第三篇:GDP缺陷  第四篇:美国法律2016年阅读:第一篇:时尚立法  第二篇:英国乡村  第三篇:社会责任  第四篇:媒体变革2015年阅读:第一篇:欧洲王室  第二篇:美国法律  第三篇:科学期刊  第四篇:媒体道德2014年阅读:第一篇:英国福利  第二篇:美国律师  第三篇:科学奖励  第四篇:自由教育2013年阅读:第一篇:快时尚业  第二篇:数据保护  第三篇:人类未来  第四篇:美国法律从近六年出的内容来看, 话题考查重复率很高,相似度也很高。建议各位小伙伴把这几年的真题反复研读,大部分考点可能会重复的。

烽火台

考研真题:2013年考研英语真题阅读理解Text 2 翻译和答案解析

本文是2013年考研英语试卷阅读理解Part A的Text 2部分。本文主要讲述了网络隐私问题,就“在线行为广告”引发的争议展开论述,随后追溯了争议的相关解决方案。An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half.老话说的好,广告费的一半是浪费了的——问题是,没人知道哪一半浪费掉的。In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reced.在互联网时代,至少在理论上,这一浪费的部分能够减少。By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.通过观察人们搜索什么,点击什么,在网络上说什么,公司能够瞄准那些更容易购买的客户投放“行为”广告。26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:第一段表明,“行为”广告帮助广告商:[A] ease competition among themselves缓和他们之间的竞争[B] lower their operational costs降低运营成本[C] avoid complaints from consumers避免消费者的抱怨[D] provide better online services提供更好的网络服务答案:B。解析:第一句就指出了,广告费花费了有一半被浪费掉了。后面指出互联网时代广告费用大幅减少,因为公司(广告商)能够将“行为”广告投放给最有可能购买的人群。由此可知,“行为广告”能帮助广告商“降低运营成本”这句话最符合题意。In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?在过去几周,一场争论表明这些精准信息对于广告商的价值:广告商应该假定用户乐于被追踪并且收到这些广告吗?或者应该获得用户明确的准许?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .在2010年12月,美国联邦贸易委员会建议提出一个“禁止追踪”的选项加入到网络浏览器中,以便用户能告诉广告商他们不想被“追踪”。Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is e to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the instry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.微软的IE浏览器和苹果的Safari浏览器提供了“禁止追踪”选项;谷歌的Chrome浏览器在今年准备提供这样的功能。2月,联邦贸易委员会和数字广告联盟同意该行业尽快对“禁止追踪”这一请求作出回应。27. “The instry” (Line 6, Para.3) refers to:“该行业”指的是:[A] online advertisers在线广告商[B] e-commerce conctors电子商务运营[C] digital information analysis数字信息分析者[D] internet browser developers网络浏览器开发商答案:D。解析:FTC和DAA一致认为the instry会对DNT要求迅速做出回应。前面又指出FTC提议在浏览器上添加DNT选项,可见这个提议的动作执行者在浏览器开发商。可见FTC和DAA提议的the instry就是浏览器开发商。On May 31st Microsoft set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version e to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.微软在五月31日率先发起讨论,它表明随windows8一起发布的IE 10,将把“禁止追踪”选项设为默认状态。Advertisers are horrified .广告商慌神了。Human nature being what it is,most people stick with default settings.人性本质上是,大多数人还是坚持默认设置的。Few switch DNT on now,but if tracking is off it will stay off.很少人会打开DNT选项,但是如果“追踪”是关闭的那么它就一直关闭了。Bob Liodice,the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers,says consumers will be worse off if the instry cannot collect information about their preferences.国家广告协会会长Bob Liodice 表示,如果这个行业不能收集消费者们的偏好信息,消费者的情况将会更糟。People will not get fewer ads,he says.“They’ll get less meaningful,less targeted ads.人们看到的广告不会更少,他们会得到更多的“无意义的”、更不精确的目标广告。28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a defaultBob Liodice坚称设置“禁止追踪”为默认选项[A] may cut the number of junk ads可能减少垃圾广告[B] fails to affect the ad instry对这个行业没有影响[C] will not benefit consumers对消费者不利[D] goes against human nature违反人性答案:C。解析:Bob Liodice指出了消费者的情况会更糟糕,收到的广告不会变少,反而会出现更多无意义的广告。所以C正确。It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond.还不清楚广告商怎么回应。Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so.收到“DNT”信号并不能迫使企业去停止追踪,尽管一些企业承诺会这么做。Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.由于不能分辨出用户是拒绝“行为”广告还是他们只是坚持微软的默认选项,一些企业可能忽略“禁止追踪”的信号并且继续追踪。29. which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?根据第六段,下面哪一个是正确的?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose“禁止追踪”可能不能取得预期目标[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT广告商更希望执行“禁止追踪”选项[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers“禁止追踪”在消费者之中并不流行[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads广告商有责任提供“行为”广告答案:A。解析:公司收到DNT信号并不意味着一定要求停止追踪,而且由于他们不清楚消费者心理,可能也会对DNT默认信号加以忽略。由此,DNT并不能达到限制公司获取用户在线行为信息的目的。所以A合适。Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.并且也不清楚为什么微软一意孤行的发起行动。After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how.毕竟,它也有商业广告业务。据称这些业务也遵守“禁止追踪”选项设定。不过还在具体怎样实施还在研究当中。If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising,it has chosen an indirect method: there is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm.如果它是想让谷歌不高兴,谷歌的业务几乎全靠广告支持。它选择了一个不太直接的方式,没有保证说能将“‘禁止追踪’设为默认状态”成为行业规范。DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other procts favorably with Google's on that count before.“禁止追踪”看起来也不能成为Windows 8的巨大卖点,尽管此前这个公司将旗下一些产品与谷歌的进行了有利对比。Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged:" we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?Brendon Lynch,微软首席隐私官,在博客中写道:我们相信消费者将有更多的控制权。真的那么简单吗?30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:作者对Brendon Lynch在博客中所说的态度是:[A] inlgence纵容[B] understanding理解[C] appreciation欣赏[D] skepticism怀疑答案:D。解析:Brendon Lynch说消费者应该拥有更多控制权,但是作者后面又反问:真的那么简单吗?可见,作者对Brendon Lynch的观点是怀疑的。

妄作孝弟

2019考研英语阅读翻译4步走

每年四月都会写一篇关于如何正确做阅读精翻的文章给当年考研的小伙伴们看,以确保大家都能正确做精翻,不浪费时间,高效的复习,快速提高英语基本功。今年也不例外,下面我们就来看看考研英语阅读精翻的正确打开方式吧。所谓精翻,顾名思义,就是精确仔细的翻译,对于所有考研的学生来说,大量精翻历年的阅读理解真题文章是有效并快速提升英语基本功及阅读能力的途径。因为可以在精翻过程中巩固词汇,语法知识,练习翻译方法和技巧,提高语言组织和表达能力,更深入的理解文章的内容,丰富不同方面的背景知识,把握篇章整体结构,从而整体提升阅读的能力。所以,精翻绝对是提高英语水平、考研英语拿高分的必经之路。下面老毙就为大家介绍下正确做精翻的四个步骤:第一遍翻译不要查单词,不要翻语法书,就根据自己认识的词,自己的理解翻译,遇到生词就根据语境和上下文去推理和引申,争取推出单词和短语的含义,遇到长而难的复杂句子,要划分下句子结构,找出主从句,分清修饰成分,老毙告诉大家,尽量做到精细化分,然后再一点点的翻译,切忌这一步不要查参考书,一定要自己动手写到纸上,不能仅仅在头脑里想象,那不是做翻译,是在看翻译。第二遍翻译这一遍可以查单词了,把第一遍翻译时不认识的词和短语都查查,看看自己第一遍猜对了没有。如果猜对了,一定记住思路,以后遇到生词时就可以这样猜词义了。如果没猜对,那就从这个单词在词典中的几个意思里选择一个最符合上下文的意思放在文章中去理解。或者是根据语境,在单词基本含义的基础上,对单词的意思进行最符合上下文的推理引申。再就是第一遍分析长难句时如果有不懂的语法现象,翻翻语法书,再重新看看那个长句子到底怎么理解,也就是说在有参考书查阅的情况下再次翻译和修改,应该比第一次翻译的要好了。第三遍翻译这一次可以拿着参考答案的译文来对照了,包括答案中一些对长难句的解析都要看,看看自己欠缺在哪里,是没能根据单词的基本释义推出具体语境的意思,还是长难句理解有问题,没搞清句子结构,主从修饰关系,还是语序没有调整好,语言组织和表达的不够完美等等问题,然后一一改正并记录下来,把该背的单词短语都背下来,然后反思自己的不足,避免下次犯同样的错误,当然,在对照的时候不需要逐字逐句必须和答案完全一致,只要大致意思相同即可。但是语序调整的问题一定要注意。第四遍翻译有了前三遍的基础,相信你一定对文章内容有了很深刻的印象了,对大多数单词和句子以及翻译也都了解了,那么,忘记参考译文,重新再翻译一遍,凭自己对文章内容的理解,用自己的语言再好好翻译润色下自己译文。通常情况下,一篇文章经过这样四遍的翻译,无论是单词,短语,还是句子,你都会有很深刻的认识了,然后把该背下来的都背下来,如果一篇文章能够实打实的做到这四遍,经过一段时间的练习,阅读能力一定有很大的提高和质的飞跃。老毙有一点要提醒小伙伴们,四遍的翻译过程中,思考是最重要的,总结自己做的好的地方,思考自己的不足,不能心急,考研英语本就是个靠点滴积累,慢慢进步不能一蹴而就的科目,只有这样做精翻才是正确的打开方式,才不会浪费时间做无用功。考研使用毙考题,不用再报培训班。

第五街

2020考研英语(一)真题翻译考点解析

2020考研英语刚刚结束,英语一整体难度适中,与近几年的真题思路接近一致,关于翻译部分,五个长难句依旧各有难度,文章背景主要讨论文艺复兴时期的思维变化,整体词汇有一定难度,今天文都考研英语将为同学们总结翻译考点,并和同学们分享翻译相关的复习方法。考点一:With引导的随从状语与被动关于with的状语翻译,真题中:With the Church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance,直接可以译为:随着...,与主句进行连接;本句中状语还有被动结构,被动处理的两种方法:变为主动和保持被动,在本句可以译为主动:在文艺复兴时期黯然失色。考点二:同位语从句的翻译关于同位语从句的翻译,今年在真题中为:including the geo-centric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe. 可以看出同从修饰名词view,同学们要注意区分同从和定从的区别,后面从句的内容进一步解释说明前面观点,译文可以用“即”或者冒号连接两句话,译为:其中包括地球中心说的观点,即:地球是宇宙中心。考点三:修饰成分的翻译翻译的一个难点就是处理好句中的修饰,并且能还原成正常的中文语序,在这个过程中可以适当更改单词词性和语义,在真题中:attempts by the Church to suppress this generation of logicians and rationalists,名词attempts由两个介词短语进行修饰,在翻译时,根据语义进行调整:尽管教会试图镇压这一代逻辑学家和理性主义者。考点四:状语从句的翻译除了修饰的处理,有些长难句难点在于整个句式结构上,尤其是状语从句的考察,今年的真题中,出现了as引导的状从:As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world,as在句中引导的时间状语从句,意为:当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时。考点五:长难句主干的识别五个翻译句子中,对长难句主干的识别尤为重要,在今年真题中:Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what the information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase 'sapere aude' or 'dare to know'. 整个句子为一句话没有明显的断句标志,在找主干时,可以先找出核心谓语动词were captured,前面部分为主语,后面为状语,整理后主干为:such actions were captured by...。以上为今年的翻译重点解析,关于翻译复习上,建议同学们平时除了积累词汇,还需要进行长难句的断句识主干练习,每星期练习30个句子,并且在练习过程中将修饰成分全部标出,经过练习一定能在翻译模块取得不错的进步。

今吾来也

揭秘历年考研英语阅读文章来源!

想必很多同学都听过考研英语阅读的文章大都是摘自外国的学术期刊或者报纸那,具体是哪些外刊?应该选择哪些中奖概率比较高呢?来,我们先从20年英语一的文章来源开说↓(20考研英语二的题源我在网上还没搜到,哭唧唧)阅读理解首篇选自:《卫报》2018年12月31日文章《The Guardian view on Yvette Cooper’s ‘town of culture’proposai:a fine idea》第二篇选自:《卫报》2019年3月5日文章《The Guardian view on academic publishing:disastrous capitalism》第三篇选自:《波士顿环球报》2019年8月5日文章《Corporate gender quotas reinforce privilege》第四篇选自:《纽约日报》2019年7月15日文章《Beware.Other Nations Will Follow France With Their Own Digital Tax》由上可见,卫报的出场率很高,但仅从20年的数据我们不能就此下定论下面再来看一份2015-2019年真题文章的来源统计英语一英语二在上面这份英语一、二年15-20考研阅读真题阅读文章来源总结中不难看出《卫报》《经济学人》《基督教箴言》出场率极高像《时代周刊》《自然杂志》、《新闻周刊》、《科学美国人》也有不少分布。其他则包括有:《新科学家》、《社评杂志》、《福布斯》、《哈佛经济评价》、《麦肯锡季刊》、《科学探索》、《科学》、《观察家报》、《哈佛杂志》、《美国学校董事会杂志》、《星报在线》、《Big Think》、《华盛顿邮报》近两年《基督教科学箴言报》上镜率有提高,可以多关注下。我们再就以上数据做个总结1、 经济类文章主要来源:The Economist (经济学人),Business Week (商业周刊),Wall Street Journal(华尔街杂志);2、 科学技术类文章主要来源:Nature (自然),Discovery (探索),Science (科学),National Geographic (国家地理),Scientific American (科学美国人),New Scientists (新科学家);3、 社会生活以及文化类文章主要来源:Newsweek (新闻周刊),Times (时代周刊),U.S News and World Report (美国新闻与世界报道),The Washington Post (华盛顿邮报),USA Today (今日美国),The Times (泰晤士报),The Guardian (卫报);4、 其它来源:Independent (独立日报), International New York Times(国际纽约时报), Telegraph (英国电信日报)。

入曰

考研英语:1991年阅读理解第三篇全文翻译和答案解析

本文说明了水对于生长的植物的重要作用。第一段:Most growing plants contain much more water than all other materials combined.大部分生长的植物,其水的含量超过其他所有物质的含量总和。C. R. Barnes has suggested that it is as proper to term the plant a water structure as to call a house composed mainly of brick a brick building.C·R·巴恩斯认为,把植物叫做水结构就如同把主要用砖盖成的房子叫做砖建筑一样恰当。Certain it is that all essential processes of plant growth and development occur in water.当然,植物生长的一切必要过程都发生于水中。The mineral elements from the soil that are usable by the plant must be dissolved in the soil solution before they can be taken into the root.来自于土壤的矿物质在被植物根茎吸收之前,必须先溶解于水。They are carried to all parts of the growing plant and are built into essential plant materials while in a dissolved state.它们在溶解状态被输送到植物的全身并构成基本的植物材料。The carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air may enter the leaf as a gas but is dissolved in water in the leaf before it is combined with a part of the water to form simple sugars -- the base material from which the plant body is mainly built.空气中的二氧化碳能以气体的形式进入叶子,但在和一部分水结合生成单糖(构成植物体最基本的材料)之前也必须先溶于水。Actively growing plant parts are generally 75 to 90 percent water.植物生长活跃部分的含水量一般高达75-90%。Structural parts of plants, such as woody stems no longer actively growing, may have much less water than growing tissues.植物的结构部分(如生长不活跃的木质茎)的含水量可能大大少于生长活跃的组织。第二段:The actual amount of water in the plant at any one time, however, is only a very small part of what passes through it ring its development.但是,植物任何时候的实际含水量都只是其生长期间通过它全身水量的很小一部分。The processes of photosynthesis, by which carbon dioxide and water are combined -- in the presence of chlorophyll (叶绿素) and with energy derived from light -- to form sugars, require that carbon dioxide from the air enter the plant.借助叶绿素和光能量发生光合作用(二氧化碳和水结合)以形成单糖的过程要求二氧化碳从空气中进入植物。This occurs mainly in the leaves. The leaf surface is not solid but contains great numbers of minute openings, through which the carbon dioxide enters.这一过程主要发生在叶子上。叶子表面并非固体,而是有大量的小口。二氧化碳通过这些小口进入植物。The same structure that permits the one gas to enter the leaf, however, permits another gas -- water vapor -- to be lost from it.这些允许二氧化碳进入叶子的小口却让另一种气体——水蒸气散失。Since carbon dioxide is present in the air only in trace quantities (3 to 4 parts in 10,000 parts of air) and water vapor is near saturation in the air spaces within the leaf (at 80℉, saturated air would contain about 186 parts of water vapor in 10,000 parts of air), the total amount of water vapor lost is many times the carbon dioxide intake.由于二氧化碳在空气中的含量非常少(3-4‰),且叶子内部空气空间的水蒸气含量接近饱和状态(80F时,饱和状态下的每10000份空气中含186份水汽),所以,植物失去的水蒸气的量是吸收的二氧化碳量的许多倍。Actually, because of wind and other factors, the loss of water in proportion to carbon dioxide intake may be even greater than the relative concentrations of the two gases.实际上,因为风和其他因素的影响,损失掉的水和吸入二氧化碳的比甚至可能大于这两种气体的相对浓度。Also, not all of the carbon dioxide that enters the leaf is synthesized into carbohydrates (碳水化合物).另外,并非所有进入叶子的二氧化碳都可以被合成碳水化合物。19. A growing plant needs water for all of the following except .[A] forming sugars[B] sustaining woody stems[C] keeping green[D] procing carbon dioxide[分析] 本题考核知识点:事实细节题。第一段第六句(the carbon dioxide…mainly built)和第二段第二句说明:二氧化碳可以直接从空气中进入植物的叶子里,所以不需要水。[D]选项正确。同时这两句还说明:生成糖的过程需要二氧化碳先溶于水,然后和水结合,所以[A]不是正确选项。第一段最后一句说明:(尽管木质茎比活跃组织需要的水少得多),但还是需要一定量的水。所以,[B]非正确选项。[C]文中未提及。20. The essential function of photosynthesis in terms of plant needs is .[A] to form sugars[B] to derive energy from light[C] to preserve water[D] to combine carbon dioxide with water[分析]本题考核知识点:文中细节推理题。第一段第五句说明:二氧化的作用主要是生成植物体最需要的材料——单糖。第二段第二句说明:植物的光合作用(二氧化碳和水结合)形成单糖。所以,光合作用能够提供植物需要的(单)糖。[A]为正确选项。[B]的干扰来自于第二段第二句,但该句提到的是从光中获取能量是光合作用的条件之一,而不是反过来通过光合作用去获取能量。[C]文中未提及。[D]是光合作用的过程,而不是作用。21. The second paragraph uses facts to develop the essential idea that.[A] a plant efficiently utilizes most of the water it absorbs[B] carbon dioxide is the essential substance needed for plant development[C] a plant needs more water than is found in its composition[D] the stronger the wind, the more the water vapor loss[分析] 本题考核知识点:段落主旨题。解此题需要分析第二段的结构。本段第一句为段落主题句:植物的含水量只是其需水量很小的一部分。然后用事实说明为什么会出现这种情况(植物叶子允许二氧化碳进入,却让水蒸气散失。再加上风和其他因素的作用,大部分的水都损失掉了)。所以,[C]为正确选项。[A]“有效利用水”不是本文涉及的内容;[B]只在第一段有所提及。第二段提到风等因素造成水的损失,但并未提到风的大小与损失的水蒸汽的量相关。所以,[D]排除。22. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?[A] The mineral elements will not be absorbed by the plant unless they are dissolved in its root.[B] The woody stems contain more water than the leaves.[C] Air existing around the leaf is found to be saturated.[D] Only part of the carbon dioxide in the plants is synthesized.[分析] 本题考核知识点:文中多处细节理解题。文章第二段最后一句指出:并非所有进入叶子的二氧化碳都被合成了碳水化合物。这说明[D]选项正确。[A]的干扰来自于第一段第四句。该句说明,来自于土壤中的矿物质元素只有先溶于“土壤溶液”才能被“根部”吸收,而非溶解于“根部”。[B]与原文内容相反:从第一段最后一句可知,生长不活跃的木质茎含水量可能远远小于生长活跃的叶子。[C]与文中内容不符:第二段第五句给出的信息是:“叶子内部”空气中的水蒸气含量“接近”饱和状态,而非“叶子周围”的空气“处于”饱和状态。23. This passage is mainly about.[A] the functions of carbon dioxide and water[B] the role of water in a growing plant[C] the process of simple sugar formation[D] the synthesis of water with carbon dioxide[分析] 本题考核知识点:文章主旨题。本文第一段首先通过类比开门见山地说明水对于生长中植物的重要作用。然后通过水对植物生长的各种功能(溶解矿物质元素、溶解二氧化碳并和二氧化碳结合生成单糖)说明植物生长中的一切重要过程都离不开水。第二段用事实说明:(尽管植物含水量相当高),但植物生长所需要的水远远大于其本身所所含有的水。所以,整篇文章说围绕的中心是:水对于植物生长的重要作用。[B]为正确选项。考生误选[A]、[C]、[D]都是因为对光合作用在全文中作用的理解错误:文中提到关于二氧化碳(光合作用)是为了用事实说明水对植物生长的重要作用,而并非为了说明二氧化碳本身或光合作用(生成单糖)的作用,所以[A]、[C]都不正确;同样也不是为了说明光合作用的过程,所以[D]错误。

十字架

近20年考研英语真题翻译常考词组

考研英语,翻译是很多考研童鞋们的伤。其主要的原因是,基础没有打牢固,词组和单词量的积累不够或者对意思的理解有偏差。其实翻译是很容易得分的题目,记住下面总结的这些近20年真题中的常考的翻译词组,可以帮我们更加高效地做出翻译题目,有效地把握命题的规律!其实这些词组不仅做翻译很有用,做完型填空的时候也是有用的,完型填空里面就会有很多的固定搭配。自己写作文的时候也可以合理地使用这些词组,让改卷的老师眼前一亮的赶脚。最后,21考研的童鞋要好好加油咯!已经正式步入6月份了!

巴斯德

2020考研英语二翻译真题及答案!速对!

2020考研英语二翻译【真题原题】It's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere. Put simply, they are not really living at all But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up t0 us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as "the end of the world," or as proof of just how inadequate we are. Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something; we can choose to look for the lesson were meant to learn. These lessons are very important; they are how we grow, and how we keep form making that same mistake again Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise. For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.【参考译文】人生中不经历一些失败几乎是不可能的。但是,失败的美妙之处在于,如何看待失败完全取决于我们。我们可以选择把失败看作是 ”世界末日 ”,或者我们可以把失败看作是常有的的极好的学习机会。每当我们在某件事上失败的时候,我们可以选择寻找我们应该吸取的教训。这些教训非常重要,它们是我们成长的方式,也是我们避免再犯同样的错误的方法。只有我们选择放弃的时候失败才能够阻止我们。失败也可以让我们更好地认识自己,如果没有失败我们决不可能认识到这样的自己。比如,失败可以让你发现你有多么强大。在某些事情上的失败可以帮助你发现你最真诚的朋友,或者帮助你找到意想不到的通往成功的动力。-----------------------------------分割线-----------------------------------------------------对完答案,不论结果是好是坏,希望你能放松心态。人生时时都在面对考试,所谓考研,也不过是人生考试的一部分,所以,一定要坚强面对,加油!20考研已经完了,21考研的小伙伴也该准备起来了,这里给大家推荐一些考研英语专用书单:单词书:闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》(按考频划了频考词、基础词、偶考词和超纲词4类单词,重点记频考词和基础词,挺省时间的。)真题书:英一只推荐《考研真相》,英语二就用《考研圣经》(真题文章都是逐句图示细讲的,重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解,不怕你看不懂文章,还有就是排除干扰项,提高做题的正确率,适合基础弱的人用。)写作书:英一《写作160篇》,英二《写作宝中宝》(很适合英语基础不太好的同学,里面有总结高分词汇、基础句型,还有经典模板之类的,可以先从词、句、段、篇开始学会写作文,然后再学习书里话题、句式、模板、思路,写一些有亮点的高分作文。)