40004-98986
机械姬2020考研英语一真题及答案「完整版」！
2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题
泉涸2020考研英语（一）真题大作文解析
2019年12月21日下午17时，2020届考生结束了备受关注的英语学科考研，为过去一年甚或更久的辛苦“备战”画上了圆满的句号，着实令人振奋。众所周知，作文作为考研英语五大题型的核心题型之一，一直是考生备考的重点难点，也是议论的热点，那么笔者就以刚刚结束的考研英语一大作文为例，共同揭开大作文的“神秘面纱”，同时也为2021届考生的备考提供方向指南，以期有的放矢，斩获高分。2020考研英语一真题如下：Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below. In your essay, you should1) describe the picture briefly,2) interpret the implied meaning, and3) give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)写作分析1. 考题形式：图画作文图画作文在形式上延续过去十余年，范围上属于大纲明确范围，一直是英语一大作文考生备考的重点，具体而言，考查形式为双图题，虽然和2018，2019的不同，但考研的历史上，最早可以追溯到2003，近几年比如2016，2017出的也是双图题，因此就形式而言难度不大；2. 话题范围： 习惯，自律，时间管理，效率，防范拖延，行动等相关主题就话题范围而言，依然考的是历年真题考频最高的个人修养类，相关话题在历届考研真题中可以说屡见不鲜，如2008 “合作”；2012 “乐观”；2014“孝顺”，2017—“实践”等。同时，北京文都在考前押题班等多次课程中反复强调个人品质类为热点话题，需重点关注。话题内容并不生疏，难度偏易；3. 具体撰写：宏观角度---布局谋篇首段为图画描述段，可用两到三个长句子具体描述图画内容，注意双图题必须两幅图都要描述到位，不能有遗漏，但可以在具体写作时就其中某一幅图有所侧重；主体段为围绕主题的具体论述，可从意义分析或原因分析等多维角度进行论述；尾段为总结段，正面话题可从：总结上文、回应主题、提出希望三个方面作结。微观角度---遣词造句1）词汇、句法：考研英语作为英语阶段的高级测试，对词和句的要求要远远高于四六级等等级测试。从词汇角度来说，要注意少用或不用被历届学生用俗套的词，而多用一些熟词的生僻含义或“高大上”的词汇，于细微处彰显写作功底；从句法角度来说，句子结构的丰富多样性直接与得分正相关，因而要多运用句式解构复杂的句子，比如复合句（名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句）、特殊句型（倒装句、强调句、there be句型）、独立主格、非谓语动词等，以体现自己在句意表达上的优势所在。2）避免常见错误：具体用词上，注意基本语法错误，如名词单复数：动词的时态语态：被动语态的-ed形式，形近词混用等问题；构句上，英语与汉语不同，为形合语言，这就要求考生在写作时不仅要关注内容的契合，也要对前后句形式上的相合，也就是，如前后句语义关系密切，要有意识地使用关联词、分词等形式把二者紧密结合起来，以使行文鲜活生动，助力高分作文。
成春香弘时清华考研｜清美服装艺术设计考研近三年考研真题解析
01清华美院服装设计考研简介清华大学美术学院服装设计专业本科、研究生已开设多年，师资力量，国际合作资源、影响力、就业水平皆处于国内顶尖水平。同时服装设计目前是清华美院研究生专业中招生专业最多的一个大专业，近几年招生人数稳定在13人左右，不含染织方向，比那些招生人数仅1-3人的专业相比，名额多到简直是让人眼红。关键是说，其中95%以上都录取的是外校的同学。当然录取人数多，报考人数也自然不少，在报考人数众多，竞争如此之大的情况下，如何能拿到高分，脱颖而出，是很最最重要的事情。 研究生入学后第一年，多数同学（专硕）前往清华大学深圳研究生院进行为期1年的深度设计实践学习，与企业进行对接，进行落地设计实践。坦白讲，南方的服装品牌企业更多，更接近市场前沿，产业资源丰富，供应链极其发达，是服装设计学习的好地方。在入学第二年和第三年，每位研究生会具体选定细分专业导师，跟随各自导师进行专业细分学习，在自己的导师悉心指导下，完成自己的学业。大部分同学会回到北京。并且清华大学米兰艺术设计学院在意大利米兰正式挂牌。清华大学米兰艺术设计学院是清华大学全球化战略的重要组成部分，也是清华大学在欧洲最重要的海外教育基地。给在校的同学们提供了更多申请出国交换的机会。除此之外还有英国皇家艺术学院、意大利米兰理工大学、伦敦艺术学院、东京艺术大学、帕森斯学院，中央圣马丁学院等国外顶级院校的交换资源，利于开拓同学们的眼界，提升自我。想比如自己单独申请海外留学，这些资源确实是清华独有的。清华美院内外环境02清华美院服装设计考研导师及研究方向刘亚助教 设计学双硕士 研究方向2016 - 2018 英国皇家艺术学院 ( Royal College of Art, UK) /硕士2012 - 2015 清华大学美术学院染织服装艺术设计系/硕士2008 - 2012 清华大学美术学院染织服装艺术设计系/学士 服饰设计、现代纺织品设计综合交叉研究、装饰材料研究等教学主张如今，在强调跨学科、协同创新的时代背景下，现代纺织品设计立足于本学科的专业知识、技术、艺术，已经成为涉及时尚设计、工业设计、室内设计、材料设计、纯艺术等诸多领域的专业，其探讨的边界正在被不断扩大。立足于清华美院染织学科装饰图案学、工艺美术学的优良传统，未来将探讨内容分为：工艺（Graft）、身体（Body）、CMF（色彩材料研究）、纯艺术（Gallery）、空间（Space）、未来材料（Futures）6个研究方向。由此，现代纺织品设计的研究内容也将从原来单一的纺织品设计范畴变成现在多元的、整体的思维过程和设计研究。 贾京生教授 文学硕士 硕士生导师 博士生导师研究方向中国流行色协会理事、色彩教育委员会委员中国家纺艺术文化专业委员会委员、家纺用品流行趋势研究员劳动部家纺设计师职业考评员教育部高校文科计算机教指委艺术类委员会委员中国纺织协会工艺美术中级职务资格评审委员全国纺织品设计大赛暨理论研讨会评委中国大学生文科计算机设计大赛决赛评委北京服装学院民族服饰博物馆客座教授染织艺术设计、理论与历史研究教学主张对于染织艺术设计、理论与历史研究，必须以自然为本、以人为中心、以创造为重点、以审美为基础、以适用为最终目，为人们生活方式营造诗意、适意的栖息环境。以自然为本的设计研究，是可持续发展的、天人共存的、绿色设计研究；以人为中心的设计研究，是充分满足人性与人本需求的设计研究；以创造为重点的设计研究，是为人们创建新的生活方式的设计研究；以审美为基础的设计研究，是为人们生活营建审美意境的设计研究；以适用为最终目的设计研究，是紧密结合人们实际适用的设计研究。张红娟副教授 硕士研究生 研究方向室内纺织品文化及设计研究数码纺织品设计研究（机织、刺绣）教学主张室内纺织品是人们生活空间中不可或缺的实用品与装饰品，它集功能性、装饰性、文化性等多重特点于一身。对室内纺织品的文化及设计研究，意义在于满足社会需求，促进纺织行业的发展；梳理历史文脉，传承中国优秀的纺织文化；完善知识体系，充实、丰富中国室内纺织品设计及理论体系。 数码纺织品设计是随着科技不断发展出现的纺织设计中的新工艺技术，体现了时代发展的特色。对数码纺织品设计的研究主要是研究现代工艺技术在纺织设计中的运用，以及传统工艺与现代技术的相互影响。如：传统刺绣工艺与现代刺绣技术的相互借鉴、结合的方法。 梳理历史，重视当代，设计未来!杨建军副教授 文学硕士 研究方向传统装饰图案艺术研究天然染色材料与工艺研究教学主张1、为全面弘扬敦煌璀璨的传统装饰图案艺术，拟分门别类地按照历代的文化变迁将其纹样、色彩用途等所形成的特色和演变系统地加以分析、整理、展示，通过装饰图案再现历代风格特征。全面的为适应现代生活的环境艺术、室内装饰、染织服饰、轻工产品等艺术设计创新的需要，提供重要的具有中国传统文化含量的参考资料，为进一步发扬民族优秀传统文化和提高审美意识的艺术设计教学，提供重要的形象教材。2、研究的主要内容：古代文献及染色理论的研究；传统天然染料原材料的调研、发掘及收集；传统天然染色技术的寻访、记录和实验；传统染色图案的搜集、临摹、整理；新型天然材料及染色技术的尝试和开发；染色图案的创新设计。即本着以研究中国古代天然染色理论和技术、继承和发展优秀传统为宗旨，一方面大量研究文献，并参考和借鉴国内外同领域最新研究成果，从理论上进行广泛研究。另一方面，深入广大民间，实地寻访民间艺人和传统染色技术，搜集整理图案，并以文字、照片、绘制等形式详细记录、归纳，实际操作、实验，掌握不同天然染料的特点和染色技术。同时，结合现代纺织品生产和国际染色标准以及现代审美流行趋势，运用传统天然染色技术，实现创新的图案设计。王悦副教授 博士研究生导师研究方向清华大学美术学院哥本哈根皮草实验室主任北京市高等教育自学考试考试委员北京高等院校人物造型设计专业教学联盟委员IFTF国际皮草协会青年委员会理事中国服装设计师协会学术委员会会员 材料与服装设计及可持续发展研究服装艺术设计与传统手工艺教学主张在表现现代社会文明的同时，积极探寻传统造物思想与当代设计多元文化的有机结合，以对人和自然的关怀为艺术设计的目的和出发点，推崇和提倡一种可持续发展的生态文化观和价值观。研究中以服装作为媒介，探索以低耗高效的设计去创造服装的形态之美、公用之需、生态之效。这里所“设计”的不仅是服装与材料本身，更包括其“生命周期”的每一个环节与人、自然和社会的和谐共存之道。 李迎军副教授 硕士研究方向中国服装设计师协会学术委员会会员民族文化与服装设计研究教学主张中国悠久的历史与灿烂的文明不仅为当代设计师提供了取之不尽、用之不竭的灵感来源，也成为中国设计师在内心守候的精神家园。在当今高速运行的信息化社会，服装设计的发展又必须关注国际流行。民族、民间服饰文化与国际时尚是服装设计专业的两个端点。本研究方向正是以这两个关键点为基础，通过实践探索民族文化传统与国际流行的辩证关系。研究成果既为民族文化的传承与发展提供思路，也为世界服饰文化的丰富多样做出探索。贾玺增准聘副教授 硕士生导师 博士后研究方向中国服装设计师协会学术委员会委员中国博物馆协会服装专业委员会理事委员中国流行色协会会员全国考办艺术类专业规范和审定专家国家精品课程“中国服装史”主讲教师清华大学精品课程“中国服装史”主讲教师国际知名慕课EDX平台清华大学学堂在线“中国服装史”主讲教师《服装设计师》编委《东华大学学报（社科版）》编委《服装学报》审稿专家1、基于中国传统文化的服饰创新设计；2、服装品牌产品运营与企划管理；3、国际流行趋势与符号系统。教学主张以人为本、关注现实生活，汲取传统文化内涵、服装形制和审美范式，多元融合当代艺术造型语言，洞悉大众审美与消费习惯，利用国际流行时尚系统推动品牌传播和商业价值转化，探索时装设计风格的独特性与多样化。朱小珊副教授 文学学士 硕士生导师研究方向中国服装协会会员技术工作委员会执行委员；北京服装纺织行业协会设计师分会会员女装结构设计教学主张服装结构设计为服装设计专业重要的研究内容之一，它是由内至外解决服装造型问题的关键,研究结构设计的合理性,不仅是解决服装外部造型轮廓问题,同时,其内部空间与人体的关系,以及它们之间的协调关系,也都是值得深入研究和探讨的。无论是通过平面裁剪,还是立体裁剪来体现服装结构,都只是手段,而以艺术的角度通过结构来表达造型的完整性,以科学的角度通过结构来表达人体与服装关系的合理性,是服装造型设计中艺术与科学相交融的特点。张树新副教授 文学学士 硕士研究生导师研究方向北京工艺美术学会理事中国工艺美术学会纤维艺术专业委员会理事传统染织艺术研究 染织艺术设计与应用研究教学主张1、传统染织艺术研究：从中国传统染织工艺中具有实际应用意义的编织艺术、地毯艺术、天然染色艺术等工艺角度入手，对传统的染织工艺进行挖掘整理与开发应用。继承与发展传统染织技艺，将传统的染织工艺用于当下的社会建设中，对于今天的染织艺术事业的发展至关重要。 传统染织艺术的研究方法，是通过研究传统的编织艺术、地毯艺术的构成形式，及织物组织结构，材料特征，配色方法等工艺技艺，并结合人们的生活起居，设计出具有实用意义及审美意义的染织艺术品。 2、染织艺术设计与应用研究：从具有实际应用意义的室内纺织品艺术、服饰艺术等艺术形式入手，进行系统的设计研究与产品的开发应用研究。该研究对于今天的社会与生活具有现实意义。 染织艺术设计与应用研究的研究方法，是通过研究染织艺术的设计形式、材料结构及色彩规律等艺术特征，结合人们的生活方式，将艺术设计应用于现实生活的一种方法。张宝华副教授 硕士 系副主任 硕士研究生导师研究方向中国家用纺织品行业协会家纺艺术文化专业委员会委员中国家用纺织品行业协会设计师协会副会长中华全国工商业联合会纺织服装商会专家委员会委员 中国流行色协会第八届理事会理事（2009-2014）、色彩教育委员会委员NCS(Natural Color System)中国地区特约色彩专家印花纺织品设计研究教学主张纺织品印花设计是一门古老而又时尚的艺术设计形式。从东方到西方；从古老的民间传统印花工艺到现代的数码印花技术，跨越几千年的历史长河。从服装到家居，印花纺织品作为一种装饰艺术与人类紧密联系，同时印花纺织品作为传承历史、文化的符号之一，有着自身特殊的语言方式，具有重要的意义。 当今资讯的全球化带来了经济的全球化，因经济和产品消费带来了人文精神和生活价值的一体化。在这样一个全球化的背景下，人与人之间，设计与设计之间走得更近。同时，伴随着印花科技的发展，印花纺织品设计呈现出多学科交叉相容的趋势，应用领域不断延展。世界文化的不断交流，相互的文化“间隔”变得越来越小，但彼此各自的设计语言个性更加重要。通过研究印花纺织品设计，探索不同文化背景下印花纺织品的差异，通过调研、比较、分析等方式进而探求印花纺织品与艺术、科技、技术、历史、环境等方面之间的关系，进一步认知印花纺织品对当今社会和人的影响。臧迎春教授 博士 硕士研究生导师研究方向染织服装设计系主任清华米兰艺术设计学院执行院长英国东伦敦大学客座教授英国伯明翰城市大学博士生导师英国中央圣马丁艺术设计学院时装研究员香港理工大学博士答辩组导师全球化条件下的服装艺术设计教育研究、可持续发展与服装设计研究教学主张全球化市场的形成，使学习艺术设计的学生越来越多地跨越了国界，也对艺术设计教育提出了新的要求。当代的艺术设计教育者，要具有国际化的视野及引领国际艺术设计教育的理念，关注全球化市场的变化和对于人才的需求，了解并善于运用信息社会人文、科学技术的前沿成果，正视人类面临的挑战，研究人们生活方式的改变，掌握适应时代的新的教学方法。本人目前的研究，主要集中于全球化条件下的服装艺术设计教育领域，与诸多国际艺术设计教育界的专家合作，通过学术研讨、课程合作等方式进行信息交流与沟通，探讨前沿性的艺术设计教育观念和方法，并在国内外艺术设计高等院校的教学实践中加以验证和总结。可持续发展与服装设计研究主要是从服装设计的角度对于人类的生活方式进行思考和探讨，并在实践中寻找符合可持续发展理念的服装设计方式。杨静副教授 学士学位研究方向曾任清华大学艺术与设计实验教学中心常务副主任 曾任美院教务办副主任教育部高校文科计算机基础教学指导委员会美术类教学指导分委会委员北京高校艺术教育研究会理事北京高等教育自学考试服装材料学、服装CAD专家委员A:材料与服装应用及可持续发展研究; B:艺术与设计实验教学平台建设与管理教学主张材料是实现服装设计与穿着的“基本要素”，是科技与服装的联结点，是设计的艺术性与穿着的功能性融合体现于服装的载体，服装的创新发展越来越依靠材料的特性、风格、塑造力与变化性等，材料在很大程度上为服装的设计与穿着拓展了空间。“材料与服装”的研究更是科学与艺术相交叉的学科，是纺织材料、纺织工艺及染织设计与服装专业交叉、结合之点，对纺织、服装行业发展起着重要的作用。“材料与服装”是专业理论与实践应用紧密联系的研究方向，在学术研究、课程设计与课堂教学中注重“理论”的“应用”性，系统而全面地将材料的种类、结构、性能、风格等与服装的设计、工艺、穿着、使用等实际效果相关联，实现理论对应用的指导。服装设计已进入以材料取胜的时代，对材料的驾驭成为服装设计的焦点。材料的选择与运用本身就是一种设计，有时甚至是实现设计与创新的突破点。肖文陵教授 硕士生导师 硕士研究方向曾任染织服装艺术设计系主任 中国美术家协会服装设计艺术委员会秘书长中国服装设计师协会学术委员会主任委员北京市服装纺织行业协会设计师分会副会长深圳大学艺术设计学院客座教授西安工程大学服装与艺术设计学院 客座教授国际商业美术设计师协会中国地区专家委员会委员（ICAD）服装设计的程序和方法研究教学主张本课题的研究拒绝搬用一切先验的知识和方法论。研究的基本内容：基于特定的社会语境，厘清需求与造物、认知与设计、设计方法与被造物本质的内在联系。以本体为中心，剖析认知与设计的基本结构及特征，明确服装设计的相关知识内容及服装设计的逻辑和程序。在以上研究的基础上，进一步解析设计概念与被造物本质的关系，同时，探究在特定的社会背景下，建立有价值概念以及视觉化概念的基本结构、途径和方法。本课题的研究旨在建立一个可持续发展的服装设计创新体系。该体系的纵向结构能够充分体现需求与造物的闭合性和循环性关系，同时，其横向结构能够解释纵向结构的基本特征，并且，这种解释具有鲜明的指向性和唯一性。因此，其纵向结构相对稳定，而横向结构是动态的。横向结构解释的话语即是本课题研究的核心。吴波副教授 文学硕士研究方向北京市高等教育自学考试委员会 课程考试委员服装设计发展趋势 服饰配件设计教学主张目前我主要进行服装设计发展趋势和服饰配件设计的研究。通过研究、比较中外服装的设计规律、结构特点、穿着方式、制作方法、装饰手法等，对服装设计发展趋势进行总结。从服装与人体的内在联系，设计者与穿着者之间的互动关系等方面进行分析，探索非固定结构的着装模式，从而拓宽服装设计的思路。通过对服装的功能与形态的解析，探讨设计对人生活方式的影响与作用，拓展新的设计观念，并对服装设计的发展趋势作出一定的预测。从哲学、心理学等学科对服装设计的影响进行研究，于人们的日常行为、文化现象与社会现象中找寻服装设计发展的节点，使设计不流于表面形式，而是切中人们对服装的深层需要，在物质与精神两方面满足于人，服务于人。服饰配件设计主要研究设计包、鞋、首饰等的材质、造型、及其搭配方式等。从服装设计的审美规律出发，将服装和服饰作为一有机整体定义，从材料的绿色设计、再利用、材料再造、立体装饰手法、服装DIY等方面对服饰配件设计进行深入研究，使服饰配件和服装搭配的整体效果更趋完善，延长服饰配件的使用时间，倡导绿色时尚。鲁闽教授 硕士生导师研究方向文化部形象设计专家委员北京市城市形象设计专家委员北京市服装协会理事服装产品设计与品牌策划教学主张“市场第一”是服装设计的宗旨，服装产品不能脱离消费群和市场需求，这是设计的本质和关键所在。产品设计与品牌策划是服装企业发展的命脉，设计师只有依据市场的需求，结合企业产品文化进行有目的设计，才能取得市场和经济效益。根据不同品牌产品的定位进行市场调研，区分产品的消费人群以及企业产品结构，研发市场所需的产品。同时对品牌进行视觉形象和品牌风格的设计，逐步系统的完善品牌的整体风格，使企业产品在市场竞争中凸显优势。教学与学术活动必须结合社会实践，学生在课程所学知识应该在设计实践中，以此验证专业知识的可行性，为教学开拓更广阔的空间。艺术设计的训练是培养设计师的关键环节，但不是终极目标。设计与现实结合，在实际操作中培养设计创新意识和动手能力，形成设计产品的市场化和人才的实用性，这是我们这个时代必须重视的方向。李莉婷教授 硕士学位硕士研究生导师研究方向中国流行色协会第八届专家委员会委员中国流行色协会第八届理事会理事中国流行色协会色彩教育专业委员会副总干事文化部艺术人才中心专家委员中国轻工业联合会专家委员服饰色彩 色彩设计教学主张1、提出：服装色彩“级别”的概念论文《服装色彩的‘级别’》是在调查的基础上产生的。正式场合的服装色彩选择多为：藏蓝、黑、浅驼、深棕、浅灰等；非正式场合的服装色彩选择为：浅黄、橘、浅紫、粉红等；而介于二者之间的选择为深灰、铁锈红、橄榄绿等。这里我们不妨将它们划分为等级（“级别”仅是一个中性概念，并无褒贬之意）：适合正式场合穿着的色彩为“高级色”，适合非正式场合穿着的色彩为“非高级色”，二者之间的色彩为“次高级色”。在今天看来，这种服装色彩的级别现象和认识还依然存在。2、提出：“服装设计从色彩开始”在本人的硕士论文《服装设计从色彩开始——分析与比较色彩在服装设计中的意义》中，将“从色彩开始设计”作为一种设计方法来提出，并与服装设计“从形入手”、“从面料入手”进行了比较与分析。将色彩的意义作为一种具体的方法加以提倡，是本人研究中的一个创新点。这一观点的论文（英文、中文）在国际和国内发表。田青教授 文学学士博士生导师研究方向中国家纺协会理事中国家纺协会设计师分会副会长；中国流行色协会理事；中国纺织服装教育学会理事传统染织艺术教学主张传统染织艺术是时代的象征、民族的象征，而非陈腐的包袱、博物馆里的唯一，与时俱进，生生不息地发展，是其生命的永恒的生命。传统与现代、传统与科技、传统与未来，是人类研究的永恒主题，特别是中国传统染织艺术有着辉煌的历史、璀璨的文化及可持续发展的理论观念，都是我们今天要研究、传承、创新、发展的，是使命也是责任。将教学与弘扬民族文化相结合，继承、创新，培养具有民族性又有国际性的复合人才，培养具有综合实力的原创型的设计人才。从我做起。李薇教授 硕士生导师留法访问学者研究方向中国服装设计师协会理论委员会理事中国民族服饰协会理事北京服装学院民族服饰博物馆艺术委员会顾问中国传统文化促进会服饰委员会主任委员服装艺术设计及理论研究（民族民间服饰及国际服装流行趋势研究，服装创新设计及理论研究）教学主张从传统文化入手，对传统服饰文化及服饰之外的载体和国际服装流行趋势等领域进行研究，形成多元素融合的服装创新设计观念及理论。李当岐教授 博士生导师研究方向曾任清华大学学位委员会副主任、艺术学分委员会主席亚洲时尚联合会中国委员会主席团主席中国服装设计师协会主席中国美术家协会服装设计艺术委员会主任中国工艺美术学会副理事长中国流行色协会常务理事北京市纺织服装协会常务理事中西方服饰文化比较研究教学主张从传统文化入手，对传统服饰文化及服饰之外的载体和国际服装流行趋势等领域进行研究，形成多元素融合的服装创新设计观念及理论。03清华美院服装设计考研报考分析SCHEDULE清美考研重要时间点&流程PS：以上信息参考历年美院官网通知，如有变动，我们将第一时间汇总告知大家2015-2020清华美院服装设计专业报考人数及录取数据2016-2020清华美院服装设计考研历年分数线清华美院服装设计专业考研总成绩计算办法计算公式计算公式：初试总分（满分500分）÷5×40%+专业设计或创作或工业设计项目策划（满分100分）×45%+面试（满分100分）×15%=最终分数ps：这套公式体现的一个特点是，即使初始分数高于对方几十分的差距，一套计算下来，初始部分的优势也会被缩小至几分差距，所以，复试才是重中之重，请大家重视起来从上面的公式可以得知，清华美院考研总成绩的计算方式就是一种导向，在初试过线的基础上，重视复试专业设计创作和面试，考察的方面涉及更多专业的知识和考生本人的出色设计素养。初试相当于是海选资格赛，卧虎藏龙的复试才是我们奋斗已久翘首以望的最后关卡。邹佳睿指导教师：张树新SUBJECT 清华美院服装设计考研考试科目考试过程分为两部分：即初始和复试初试：1.思想政治理论2.外语（英语、德语、法语、日语、俄语）3.中外工艺美术史及现代设计史基础4.专业设计基础复试：专业设计+专业面试（作品集）邱俞皓指导教师：贾京生STRATEGY 1.0清美服装设计专业科目初试攻略史论部分史论试题的试卷结构分为三大部分：1、8至10个基本名词解释，其中涵盖中工史4-6个，外工史和设计史各占2个，要求精确简练地解释专业名词，字数以100-200为准。2、4个简答题，涵盖中工史2个，外工史和设计史各占1个，可以当成是名词解释的字数扩增版，字数以200-300字为准，一般要求的简答在参考书书里会介绍得更为详细，大家不必过于担心。3、最后是论述三选一，会从三本参考书里进行选取，字数以1200-1800字为佳，少了不够看，多了写不完，这里提醒大家一定要重视历年真题。李佳靓指导教师：张宝华STRATEGY 2.0清美服装设计复试攻略清华美院的考研复试，从考试结构来说分为两部分：笔试和面试。从内容来说分为四部分：专业能力、面试、英语口语听力及口语、作品集。复试流程：考前第一天下午：先去清华美院招生办进行资格审查，检查内容包括初试成绩单、大学学生证（本人应届）、本科成绩单等等，官网也会发布通知。复试分为两天：第一天6小时笔试，9点-3点半。时间较长，中间会有半小时的休息用餐时间，大家要合理利用时间，切忌大意失荆州。第二天面试看人数安排时间，建议大家上午就去排队候场。然后复试完安排两次体检时间。复试内容解析：复试笔试内容和初试套路相似，内容和时间是初试的两倍。服装效果图至少要画到两个以上，画出平面款式图，选一个制版，并附上100字以上200字以内的设计说明，从总述、风格、款式、色彩、面料方面进行展开。面试是需要着重准备的，因为面试需要最为重要的东西 —— 作品集。复试面试的流程如下：自述5分钟 → 抽题 → 思考2分钟 → 答题3分钟 → 自由问答+英语口语听力10分钟。抽题采用二选一的模式，一般都是设计风格和当下的设计专业问题，一共10题，接下来会有负责英语问询的老师进行英语听力和口语测试。如果你的序号在后面还可以询问前面面试完同学的问题。最后是教授们进行自由问询，都是根据你的作品集来的，而且老师看了作品集，会对你心里有个数，所以我们必须再次强调，过了初试的同学们一定要对作品集上心。作品集需要我们提前自行排版、打印、装订好，要尽量展现专业优势和工作经验，平常练习的手绘作品若有较为精彩的也可以大量放进去，出色的手绘功底深得老师欢心。准备4-6本供老师传阅，一般60-80页，可以把大创项目或是本科期间帮老师做的项目内容放进去，跨专业的同学还可以适当放一些自己专业的作品，可以起到锦上添花的作用。服装设计方面可以准备4-5个系列（可以用大学作业，但必须有说服力），包括手绘和PS绘制的系列，展现自己对服装设计创作和绘制技法的熟练程度，自己要能阐述出自己系列作品的灵感、创作过程，此外成衣更是必不可少。白鸽指导教师：李莉婷05清华美院服装设计考研真题2018年2019年2020年未来考试趋势分析2019年视传—建筑2020年—动物—朱鹮2021年—植物、纹样？？或者直接考察设计素描、设计色彩、创意思维、快题设计·····贾三川指导教师：李莉婷06清华美院服装设计考研建议针对史论如果设计史与美术史结合，也不是没有可能，国内目前部分院校的史论考试由设计史与艺术史结合，2021年如果清华美院再次改革，将美术史纳入考试范围，也是在情理之中。帮助考生制定全套复习解决方案、把握考试变化趋势、提高专业水平和应试技能、增强应试竞争力和提高成功机率，缩短考试周期和减少精力时间消耗，让你从激烈的竞争中脱颖而出，弘时考研状元笔记，考研抢分必备！在我们的系列视频中，不仅视频有图有分析。相配套的文本材料，跟随着视频内容一一对应详情！针对手绘建议一定要从素描、色彩、速写三大科入手，切勿投机取巧，更不要跨越基础学科直接进入马克笔训练，不积硅步无以至千里，清华美院导师组深谙人才成长之道，他们喜欢基础扎实的孩子，希望大家稳扎稳打！从设计造型，到创意思维，再到快题设计，环环相扣，当然重要的是还是方案设计，希望大家努力提高自身设计素养，达到清华美院考试要求！
罪或罚21长春师范大学学科英语考研考试情况独家解析
很多21学科英语考研的小伙伴们都对考研这件事抱着很大的憧憬，尤其是在择校上。择校是考研人踏上考研之旅的第一步，可能直接关系到你能否考研成功。所以，很多同学都一直徘徊在几个院校之间，迟迟下不了决定。择校确实得要考虑清楚才行，要多方面地进行权衡。下面，优加考研小编就给大家讲讲长春师范大学学科英语考研的考试情况，看看它是否是你心中的理想院校哦。 一、院校介绍一、院校介绍长春师范大学坐落在美丽的北国春城——长春，是吉林省重要的基础教育、学前教育师资及应用型高级专门人才培养基地，是具有博士学位授权点的省属师范大学，更是一所拥有悠久办学历史和光荣革命传统的高等学府。学校前身为1906年(光绪三十二年)创建的官立长春师范传习所，是吉林省师范教育的发祥地。百余年来，在不同的历史时期，学校先后易名为长春府学堂、长春县立师范学校、吉长道立师范学校、吉林省立第二师范学校(简称二师)、长春师范学校。1958年市政府在长春师范学校基础上建立长春师范专科学校，1981年学校获批为长春师范学院，2013年更名为长春师范大学。总之，长春师范大学是吉林省属师范大学，而且长春师范大学的学科英语是不排斥跨考的，非英语专业的同学也可以报考长春师范大学。二、历年招生情况大家应该会比较关注招生的情况，那这里我给大家详细列一下!1、招生方向及计划招生人数长春师范大学学科教学(英语)招生单位是外国语学院，2020年长春师范大学学科教学(英语)分为全日制和非全日制招生，全日制学科教学(英语)拟招生人数为7人(其中全日制“农村学校教育硕士师资培养计划”拟招生人数为3人)，非全日制学科教学(英语)拟招生人数为2人，具体的招生目录如下：2、历年分数线及录取情况三、考试科目及参考书目1、考试科目1)初试科目长春师范大学学科教学(英语)全日制和非全日制初试科目都为【101】思想政治理论;【204】英语二或【202】俄语或【203】日语;【333】教育综合;【844】英语教学专业基础。2)复试科目长春师范大学学科教学(英语)的复试科目为英语教学论和基础英语，同等学力加试科目为英美文化和英汉互译与写作。A、复试复习资料：《英语语言学导论》(第二版)，杨忠，中国人民大学出版社，2012年版。《英语教学法教程》(第二版)，王蔷，高等教育出版社，2006年版。英语专业八级或相当水平的试题。B、同等学力加试的复习资料：《实用翻译教程(英汉互译)》(第三版)，冯庆华，上海外语教育出版社，2010年版。《英美文化基础教程》，朱永涛，外语教学与研究出版社，1991年版。《英语教学法教程》(第二版)，王蔷，高等教育出版社，2006年版。2、专业课参考书单四、收费标准及奖助学金政策1、学制及学费长春师范大学学科教学(英语)专硕全日制学制为2年，学费10000元/年;“农村学校教育硕士师资培养计划”研究生学制4年，学费共计22000元(前三年4000元/人/年，第四年10000元/人);非全日制学制为3年，学费7000元/年。2、奖助体系长春师范大学硕士研究生奖助学金体系主要包括国家奖学金、学业奖学金、国家助学金、校级奖学金、研究生“三助一辅”岗位津贴等等。1)国家助学金：全日制硕士生6000元/年.生2)国家奖学金：全日制硕士生20000元/年.生3)学业奖学金：每生6000元4)全日制研究生校级奖学金：最高额度为每生3000元5)助研、助教、助管岗位津贴：每生每年5000元，按十个月支付五、就业情况近三年长春师范大学硕士研究生就业率一直保持在90%以上，大部分毕业研究生的就业集中在高等教育单位、中初教学单位、事业单位、企业单位等，部分硕士研究生考取国内、外知名院校的博士研究生。
孰为文采2021年长沙理工大学金融硕士考研真题及2022年考研参考书
【2022年金融硕士考研教辅图书】《金融硕士大纲解析》，首都师范大学出版社，2021年版《公司理财：考研笔记·习题详解·真题解析》，首都师范大学出版社，2021年版《金融学：考研笔记·习题详解及历年真题解析》，首都师范大学出版社，2019年版《金融硕士习题集》，首都师范大学出版社，2019年版以上是金融硕士考研权威辅导资料，当当、京东、天猫都可以买到。【2022年金融硕士考研温馨解析：考研失败的7大原因】（1）准备时间太晚：建议大三或者大二就开始准备，并且最好是大三就尝试考一次，但是大多数考生的复习时间也就是几个月，这么短时间，怎么能和准备了一两年的考上相比呢？（2）院校专业不合理：当然，很多考生也不知道怎么选择专业和院校，因为信息太少了，又缺乏相关的经验，这点可以咨询育明教育咨询师，由十余年考研咨询经验的高级咨询师（微信：136-9134-9140）给大家答疑解惑。（3）复习规划不合理：自上学以来，很多考生就是在家长和老师的安排下进行学习的，上大学以后大家就失去了学习安排的能力，导致考研不知道如何安排，这点可以根据育明一对一的复习进度进行解决。（4）缺乏复习技巧：很多辅导机构都会给大家讲解一些技巧，但是这些技能很难在考场上应用的，真正的技巧是要通过长时间的练习和备考磨炼出来的。（5）不懂答题技巧：育明教育每年都会聘请具有5年以上公共课和专业课阅卷经验的老师对学员进行一对一指导的，这点是育明教育高通过率的秘诀，要知道，很多题目都是主观题，你能回答上来和你能得高分是两码事。（6）没有复习重点：考研考的就是心态，很多考生往往容易贪多，再加上把握不住重点，所以，越往最后越是急躁，越是觉得需要记忆的内容多，其实核心问题就是没有掌握住重点。（7）对复试不够重视：尤其是MPAcc/MPA/MBA的考生，报考人大、北外、北语等院校的考生，现在复试的比例越来越高了，所以一定要重视复试，育明教育的复试保过班次，大家可以考虑。一、2022年长沙理工大学考研招生目录、招生人数二、2022年长沙理工大学考研参考书《国际金融新编（第五版）》，姜波克编著，复旦大学出版社出版，2012年。《证券投资学（第四版）》，吴晓求编著，人民大学出版社出版，2014年。《金融硕士大纲解析》，李国正，首都师范大学出版社，2021年版；《金融硕士习题集》，李国正，首都师范大学出版社，2019年版三、2022年考研真题、考研笔记、考研经验（育明学员回忆）长沙理工大学是一所以工为主，工、理、管、经、文、法、哲、艺等多学科协调发展，以本科教育为主体，具有博士后科研流动站、博士学位授予权和硕士生推免权的多科性大学。学校是全国先进基层党组织、湖南省文明标兵单位、湖南省依法治校示范学校。经过60多年的建设和发展，学校积淀了以“博学、力行、守正、拓新”校训和“铺路石精神”为内核的大学文化。学校紧紧依托行业，建成了水平较高、特色鲜明的本科教育教学体系。拥有国家级教学团队2个，国家级精品视频公开课程2门，国家级精品资源共享课程3门，国家级双语教学示范课程1门；国家级工程实践教育中心6个，国家级示范实验教学中心2个，国家级虚拟仿真实验教学中心2个；国家级大学生校外实践教育基地1个，教育部“卓越计划”校外实践教育基地1个；省级精品课程25门，省级大学生创新训练中心3个，省级创新创业教育中心4个，省级校企合作人才培养示范基地7个，校企合作创新创业教育基地6个，省级示范实验（实践）教学中心11个，省级虚拟仿真实验教学中心2个，省级仿真实验教学项目3个。学校先后获准为教育部“卓越工程师教育培养计划”试点学校，教育部“大学生创新性实验计划”“国家级大学生创新创业训练计划”项目实施学校。近五年，获得省级教学成果奖22项；大学生获得国家级各类学科竞赛和科技成果奖300余项，省级学科竞赛和科技成果奖1400余项。2022年考研复习规划（10000名成功学员的经验总结）第一阶段：信息收集及院校确定（3月—6月）了解考研信息、确定报考院校、明确专业课重点、夯实英语基础（尤其是单词、句型），这个时候，在选择院校和专业时必须慎重，不能自己想怎样就怎样，要听取专家的建议。育明教育咨询师都有5年以上咨询经验。第二阶段：考试重点明确（7月—9月）通过育明教育一对一指导明确专业课考试重点并做笔记、明确考研政治考点及难点、考研英语真题解析。第三阶段：明确重点并理解记忆（7月—9月）明确专业课考试重点并做笔记、明确考研政治考点及难点、考研英语真题解析。第四阶段：深入背诵考点、练习试题（9月—11月）开始背诵考点难点、练习考点试题。第五阶段：模式考试（11月—12月）每门课都进行4-5次模拟考试，并由育明教育聘请阅卷组成员进行指导和分析。第六阶段：复试、面试（次年3月—4月）通过育明教育复试保过课程，准备复习（笔试、面试等）。
珊璞四川大学448汉语写作考研真题及详解
考研真题及详解第一部分名校考研真题一、名词解释1．语法［北京师范大学2010年研］答：语法是词、短语、句子等语言单位的结构规律，即说话所遵守的词句排列组合的规矩。语法有两个含义：一是指语法结构规律本身，即平常说的语法事实；二是指语法学，即研究、描写、解释语法结构规律的科学，是对客观存在着的语法系统的认识和说明。语法具有抽象性、生成性、层次性、递归性、系统性和稳固性等特征，一般包括词法和句法：词法是指词的构成和变化的规则；句法是指词或词组组成句子的规则。2．自然语言和算法语言［武汉大学2011年研］答：（1）自然语言自然语言通常是指一种自然地随文化演化的语言。例如，英语、汉语、日语为自然语言。有时所有人类使用的语言（包括自然地随文化演化的语言，以及人造语言）都会被视为“自然”语言，以区别于如编程语言等为计算机而设的“人造”语言。自然语言是人类交流和思维的主要工具，也是人类智慧的结晶。（2）算法语言算法语言是计算机词汇，计算机语言分为机器语言、汇编语言、高级语言。其中高级语言又称为算法语言。常见算法语言有BASIC、FORTRAN、COBOL、PASCAL、C、C＋＋、JAVA等。3．语言符号的任意性和约定性［武汉大学2011年研］答：语言符号的任意性和约定性是语言一对相对的特征。（1）语言符号的任意性和约定性的差异语言符号的任意性是指作为符号系统的成员，单个语言符号的语音形式和意义之间没有自然属性上的必然联系，只有社会约定的关系。而语言的约定性则是指语言的音义结合虽然是没有自然联系的，但是在语言产生初期，音义一经约定俗成，就不能再更改，是全民必须共同遵守使用的规则。（2）语言符号任意性和约定性的联系①正是由于任意性的作用，语言的音义结合必须要约定俗成，没有必然联系的音和义必须要依靠社会的约定力量才能实现实际运用的可能。这两者是不能分割的两大特点。②语言符号的形式跟意义是没有必然联系的，只要为符号的使用者所共同认可，一定的语音形式就可以与一定的意义联系在一起，所以语言符号的音义关系才是可变的。但也正是这种社会约定性，使得每个人从出生的那天起，就落入一套现成的语言符号的网子里，只能被动地接受，没有随意更改的权利。4．能指和所指［武汉大学2010年研］答：能指和所指都是索绪尔语言学中提出的术语，他认为，任何语言符号是由能指和所指构成的。（1）能指和所指的区别能指和所指的定义不同：能指是指语言的声音形象；所指是指语言所反映的事物的概念。比如英语的“tree”这个单词，它的发音就是它的能指，而“树”的概念就是所指。（2）能指和所指的联系能指和所指是不可分割的，就像一个硬币的两面。但是，索绪尔认为，某个特定的能指和某个特定的所指的联系不是必然的，而是约定俗成的。例如，在“树”这个词中，树的概念和”树”的特定发音不是必然结合在一起的，“树”在英文中的读音和在法文、拉丁文中的读音明显不同，但却都能表达了“树”的意思。这就是符号的任意性原理。符号的任意性原则是索绪尔语言学的一条重要原则，它支配着索绪尔的整个语言的语言学系统，是头等重要的。5．聚合规则［北京语言大学2010年研］答：聚合规则是指语法单位的分类和变化规则。具有相同语法特征的单位总是聚合成类，供组合选择。语法的聚合是多种多样的，最普遍的是词类、词形变化和语法范畴；语言里的词按语法作用的不同而分成名词、动词等等的词类，在有屈折变化的语言里，名词、动词又有格、体等词形变化。6．内部屈折［中国传媒大学2013年研］答：内部屈折是通过改变词中语素的部分语音来表示语法意义的一种方式，又称语音交替或音位交替。例如，英语中的不规则动词，大多是用语音交替来表示形态变化的，如bend-bent、build-built。内部屈折不同于附加词缀，后者不改变词根或词的内部语音，而是附加另外的语素，前者改变词或词中语素的内部语音，而不附加另外的语素。内部屈折的作用在不同的语言中有所不同。阿拉伯语主要用内部屈折表示形态变化；英语的内部屈折只是辅助性手段，只有少数不规则动词用内部屈折表示形态变化；而现代汉语一般来说没有内部屈折这种方式。7．词类［浙江大学2010年研］答：词类是词的语法性质的分类。划分词类的目的在于说明语句的结构和各类词的用法。分类的依据是词的语法功能、形态和意义，主要依据是词的语法功能，形态和意义是参考的依据。按照汉语语法的老传统，词可以先粗略地分为实词和虚词。实词再细分为名词、动词、形容词、区别词、数词、量词、副词、代词；虚词再细分为介词、连词、助词、语气词；此外还有拟声词和叹词两类特殊的词。8．语境［北京大学2014年研］答：语境的含义有三个方面：首先是指话语的物理语境，也称“言谈现场”。物理语境指话语的说话者/受话者、说话当时的时空及这一时空中的所有存在。其次，语境还包括话语语境。话语语境是指一个连贯的言语事件中前面或后面的话语，如交谈双方前面说过的话、小说中的上下文。语境还包括说话者和受话者的背景知识，作为语境的背景知识可以非常广泛，包括语言知识之外的生活常识和社会文化知识。9．词义的模糊性［北京大学2010年研］答：词义模糊性是指从客观事物和现象中抽象概括出来的词语意义的一种的特征。词义对现实现象的反映是概括抽象的反映，概括是把特殊的、复杂的东西归为一般的、简单的东西。经过概括而形成的一般的、简单的东西，本身往往带有一定的模糊性，它只有一个大致的范围，没有明确的界线。例如，语言中“早晨”和“上午”，“下午”和“傍晚”，“傍晚”和“夜晚”等都只有一个大致的范围，相互间没有一个几点几分的明确界限。即使像“人”这样的词义，尽管所指是明确的，但词义究竟应该包含哪些内容，每个人的回答也绝不会完全一样。这些例子说明，一般词的词义多少都带有模糊性。10．焦点［首都师范大学2011年研］答：焦点是说话者认为受话者不知道，因此希望受话者特别关注的部分。从信息的角度看，句子中的新信息是说话者所传递信息的重点所在，这就是句子的“焦点”。在会话中，焦点通过语调重音标示出来，还可以用句法形式表现出来。焦点一定与说话者所设定的受话者所知道的某些信息有关，一定会用一些可以感知的手段标示出来。此外，焦点还可通过语调重音表现出来，例如“小明吃了苹果。”，如果，语调重音落在“小明”上，那么“小明”就是信息的焦点，如果落在“苹果”上，信息的焦点就是“苹果”。11．仿词[首都师范大学2012年研]答：仿词是指根据表达的需要，更换现成词语中的某个语素，临时仿造出新的词语的辞格。仿词是仿拟形式之一，仿拟也称“仿化”，还包括仿句和仿调。仿词是在现有词语基础上进行仿造，要通过更换现成词语的部分语素来完成仿拟，因此仿词和被仿的词往往同时出现。形式上既保持着与原有词语近似的特点，内容上又获得新意。这种辞格给人以新鲜活泼、生动明快的感觉，又能产生强烈的讽刺性和幽默感。仿词可分为音仿和义仿两类。12．双关[首都师范大学2012年研]答：双关是指利用语音或语义条件，有意使语句同时关顾表面和内里两种意思，言在此而意在彼的修辞手法。其基本类型包括谐音双关和语义双关。谐音双关，又称谐声双关、字音双关，是指利用词语的同音、近音、音似的条件构成双关；语义双关，又称意义双关、借义双关，是指利用词语的多义性在特定语境中构成表里两层意思。13．对偶[首都师范大学2010年研]答：对偶是指结构相同或基本相同、字数相等、意义上密切相连的两个短语或句子，对称地排列起来进行修辞的一种辞格。对偶的基本种类有正对、反对、串对。从形式上看，其音节整齐匀称，节律感强；从内容上看，凝练集中，概括力强。对偶有鲜明的民族特点和特有的表现力，便于记诵，因而在抒情、叙事、议论等文章中广泛使用。考生首选官网，请收藏才聪学习网，可获取更多相关考试资料！
里程碑四川外国语大学MTI翻译硕士考研真题解析：青岛更具城市特色
四川外国语大学翻译硕士考研真题解析：青岛更具城市特色-2014年川外MTI翻译硕士真题这周就考研了，不知道小伙伴们都备考咋样呢？今天“高斋翻硕”雒老师（Joy）再给大家更一篇2014年川外MTI翻硕真题汉译英，希望有些翻译思维考场上可以用到。时间有限，这里就大概讲解下，极其详细的讲解明年翻硕真题班会有，这篇相对来说简单。时间有限，译文仅供参考，开课的时候可能会再润色。原文截取自《青岛市概况》原文：青岛是中国重要的经济中心城市和沿海开放城市，是中国历史文化名城和风景旅游胜地，是最适宜人类居住的中国城市之一。经过30年的建设发展，形成了鲜明的城市特色，经济总量位居国内大中城市前10位。当前，青岛正积极应对国际金融危机，大力发展新能源、新材料、生物医药和节能环保等新兴产业，着力引进一批产业带动强的大企业大项目，重点培育一批特色产业集群和产业基地，加快形成以服务经济为主的产业结构，不断增强产业竞争力，提高经济发展质量。高斋雒老师（Joy）参考译文：Qing, one of the most livable cities in China, is a famous historical and cultural city and tourist destination, as well as an important economic center and coastal open city. After 30 years of development, it has displayed distinctive urban characteristics and ranked among the top 10 large-and medium-sized cities in terms of economic aggregate. At present,Qing is actively responding to the international financial crisis. It has vigorously developed emerging instries including new energy, new materials, biomedicine, and energy-saving and environmental protection instries. The city has introced large enterprises and projects that can drive instrial development. Qing has fostered distinctive instrial clusters and bases while an instrial structure dominated by the service economy has taken shape. All this has improved instrial competitiveness and the quality of economic growth.01第一句青岛是中国重要的经济中心城市和沿海开放城市，是中国历史文化名城和风景旅游胜地，是最适宜人类居住的中国城市之一。Qing, one of the most livable cities in China, is a famous historical and cultural city and tourist destination, as well as an important economic center and coastal open city.1. 断句思维：这一句话有三个意群，有三个“是”，但是不要翻译为is...is...is...这样的结构，英语喜静，所以可以合为一句翻译，用“主语+同位语，一个系动词is，名词并列作表语”的结构来连接句子，更简洁；具体就是“中国重要的经济中心城市和沿海开放城市”和“是中国历史文化名城和风景旅游胜地”并列；“是最适宜人类居住的中国城市之一”作为主语“Qing”的同位语；为了避免and太多结构不清晰，“中国重要的经济中心城市和沿海开放城市”和“是中国历史文化名城和风景旅游胜地”并列的时候用as well as连接，例如四川外国语大学2012年翻译硕士MTI真题中有这样一句：宋淇先生（Stephen C. Soong, 1919-1996）生前著述甚丰，并不遗余力推动翻译教学与研究工作。Stephen C. Soong (1919–1996) was a prolific writer and translator, as well as an active figure in the promotion of translation ecation and research.还要注意“青岛是中国重要的经济中心城市和沿海开放城市”一定要作为主要成分不能是同位语，因为后面的内容主要和经济发展相关；可能还有同学把“中国历史文化名城和风景旅游胜地”和“最适宜人类居住的中国城市之一”都作为了同位语，翻译为Qing, one of the most livable cities in China as well as a famous historical and cultural city and tourist destination, is an important economic center and open coastal city.这样其实结构也不好，因为同位语太长了。金融时报原文：考前提醒：我发现不少人特别喜欢使用特别长的句子，从句套从句，觉得自己厉害，能写那么长的句子。其实吧，先不说你写的语法对错，一句话那么长，你想让阅卷老师累死啊，看了半天看不到头！所以吧，该断则断，千万不要各种从句套从句，英语中一般一个句子里面有两个从句差不多了，除非你的英文水平很高，再套一个能确保没错。不然就等着扣分吧。2. “适宜人类居住的”是不是有人直译为suitable for people to live in？哎，单词背的有点少哦！其实一个单词就可以搞定，livable！3. “历史文化名城”a historical and cultural city，注意a不能丢，2019年11月CATTI三级笔译真题中就有考到过。4. “风景旅游胜地”，可以说tourist destination或者tourist attraction；tourist resort，注意是tourist不是tourism，为啥呢？因为一般和人相关就是tourist，如旅游服务是tourist services；翻译的时候一定要加冠词a。5. “经济中心城市”是不是又直译为economic central city？Central city一般说的中部或中心城市。“经济中心城市”直接用economic center就可以啦！原文“重要的经济中心城市”翻译为an important/key/major/vital economic center。6. “沿海城市”是a coastal city；“沿海开放城市”a coastal open city。单独说“沿海开放城市”a coastal open city，译文中没有冠词是因为和前面的an important economic center共用了冠词an。02第二句经过30年的建设发展，形成了鲜明的城市特色，经济总量位居国内大中城市前10位。After 30 years of development, it has displayed distinctive urban characteristics and ranked among the top 10 large-and medium-sized cities in terms of economic output.金融时报原文：1. 断句思维：“经过30年的建设发展”可以作为状语成分，“形成了鲜明的城市特色”和“经济总量位居国内大中城市前10位”可以并列。2. “建设发展”这个CATTI里面考过好几次了，有人直译为construction and development吗？英语不会这么说的，“建设发展”其实指的就是“发展”。所以原文“经过30年的建设发展”应该是After 30 years of development，后面接的句子用完成时态。有人说我用through可以不？虽然看似没啥大问题，但是大家可以搜下平行文本，似乎after的使用频率更高哦！3. “城市特色”urban characteristics/features，注意是复数形式。“鲜明的城市特色”形容词用distinctive或者unique；“形成了”就是showed或者displayed。03第三句当前，青岛正积极应对国际金融危机，大力发展新能源、新材料、生物医药和节能环保等新兴产业，着力引进一批产业带动强的大企业大项目，重点培育一批特色产业集群和产业基地，加快形成以服务经济为主的产业结构，不断增强产业竞争力，提高经济发展质量。At present, Qing is actively responding to the international financial crisis. It has vigorously developed emerging instries including new energy, new materials, biomedicine, and energy-saving and environmental protection instries. The city has introced large enterprises and projects that can drive instrial development. Qing has fostered distinctive instrial clusters and bases while an instrial structure dominated by the service economy has taken shape. All this has enhanced instrial competitiveness and improved the quality of economic growth.1. 断句思维：“青岛正积极应对国际金融危机”作为总起句单独断句；“大力发展新能源、新材料、生物医药和节能环保等新兴产业”是一个意群单独断句；“着力引进一批产业带动强的大企业大项目”是一个意群单独断句；“重点培育一批特色产业集群和产业基地，加快形成以服务经济为主的产业结构”都是和“产业”相关的意群，可以合为一句；“不断增强产业竞争力，提高经济发展质量”可以合为一句作为总结的部分。2. 注意时态。我看有人经常被时态逼疯，其实考试中常见的也就是过去时、完成时、一般现在时、一般进行时和过去完成时。怎么使用呢？有过去的标志时间，比如2009啊这种就说明动作是过去发生的，那就可以使用过去时。如果是现在已经采取的措施，那一般是强调对现在的影响，所以一般就使用完成时了。在今天这句里面，At present是几个意群共同的时间状语，At present可以用于一般现在时、正在进行时、现在完成时，例如汉英大词典例句：At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。“青岛正积极应对国际金融危机”因为是“正在”所以是is responding to；但是不要后面都是几个句子都是进行时或者一般现在时，因为类似报告的这种正式文件用完成时频率最高，强调采取措施对现在带来的影响。3. 副词省译。原文中有很多副词，“积极”、“大力”、“着力”、“重点”、“不断”，这是汉语说话的习惯，翻译的时候不用全部翻译出来，这一段话中最多两个副词就可以了，因为英语不会这么频繁使用副词；“大力发展”直接说develop就可以了，如果要强调，也可以说vigorously/ energetically develop；或者直接用一个词boost，这是一个力度很强的动词，无需副词修饰。4. 完成时态也可以体现“不断”。完成时态本身就有“动作持续”的含义，所以完成时态句子中的“不断”是不用翻译的，今天这里的“不断”不用翻译为constantly。5. “产业带动强”可以处理为定语从句that can drive instrial development.所以原文的“产业带动强的大企业大项目”翻译为large enterprises and projects that can drive instrial development。6. “特色产业集群和产业基地”distinctive instrial clusters and bases，注意名词复数形式；这里的两个“产业”只需要翻译一个。7. 双动词翻译核心动词。“加快形成”是一个双动词，不要直译为accelerate the formation of的结构，英语不这样说，翻译的时候翻译一个就可以，核心动词是“形成”；所以翻译的时候只翻译动词“形成”，前半句是主动，后半句用被动has taken shape；这里的while表示的是“而且”，有递进的含义；And也可以表示递进，所以后半句也可以用主动，即Qing has fostered distinctive instrial clusters and bases, and formed an instrial structure dominated by the service economy.8. “服务经济” the service economy，注意the不能丢，特指“……经济”，类似的“夜间经济”the nighttime economy；“银发经济”the silver economy；“海洋经济”the maritime economy等等。9. “产业竞争力”增强instrial competitiveness，动词“增强”可以搭配enhance/increase/improve。10. “经济发展质量”the quality of economic growth/performance，当然，growth也可以换为development，不过development多指全面发展，growth更强调经济增长。注意the不能丢。11. “不断增强产业竞争力，提高经济发展质量”：是在总结前面所做事情的意义，总结前面的最简单的就是使用all this，如果想换个表达呢？如果是措施，那也可以翻译为Such efforts/measures或All these measures。12. 含义重复的动词翻译时共用一个动词或换一个动词。“不断增强产业竞争力，提高经济发展质量”这句里面，“增强”和“提高”含义是重复的，可以后半句换用另一个单词，前面用enhance，后面用improve；也可以共用一个单词，但是要注意搭配，选择与“竞争力”competitiveness和“质量”quality 都搭配的动词，可以用improve，所以今天这句也可以翻译为All this has improved instrial competitiveness and the quality of economic growth.今天就分享到这里，十年寒窗从容过，金榜题名在明朝。明天就要考研了，大家考试加油，最大的锦鲤送给你！如果你阅读完本文有所收获，那就点击赞同鼓励下吧，你的赞同和关注是我持续更新下去的最大动力！想获得更多的外刊翻译或者CATTI与翻硕相关问题，可以围观个人wei ID: shaoxiansheng521
.jpg)
毕业祭2021年西北大学考研真题及2022年考研参考书
目录一、2022年金融硕士考研招生目录、招生人数二、2022年金融硕士考研参考书三、2021年金融硕士考研真题、考研笔记、考研经验总结四、2022年金融硕士考研答题技巧指导五、2022年金融硕士考研复习规划【2022年金融硕士考研教辅图书】《金融硕士大纲解析》，首都师范大学出版社，2021年版《公司理财：考研笔记·习题详解·真题解析》，首都师范大学出版社，2021年版《金融学：考研笔记·习题详解及历年真题解析》，首都师范大学出版社，2019年版《金融硕士习题集》，首都师范大学出版社，2019年版以上是金融硕士考研权威辅导资料，当当、京东、天猫都可以买到。【2022年金融硕士考研温馨解析：考研失败的7大原因】（1）准备时间太晚：建议大三或者大二就开始准备，并且最好是大三就尝试考一次，但是大多数考生的复习时间也就是几个月，这么短时间，怎么能和准备了一两年的考上相比呢？（2）院校专业不合理：当然，很多考生也不知道怎么选择专业和院校，因为信息太少了，又缺乏相关的经验，这点可以咨询育明教育咨询师，由十余年考研咨询经验的高级咨询师给大家答疑解惑。（3）复习规划不合理：自上学以来，很多考生就是在家长和老师的安排下进行学习的，上大学以后大家就失去了学习安排的能力，导致考研不知道如何安排，这点可以根据育明一对一的复习进度进行解决。（4）缺乏复习技巧：很多辅导机构都会给大家讲解一些技巧，但是这些技能很难在考场上应用的，真正的技巧是要通过长时间的练习和备考磨炼出来的。（5）不懂答题技巧：育明教育每年都会聘请具有5年以上公共课和专业课阅卷经验的老师对学员进行一对一指导的，这点是育明教育高通过率的秘诀，要知道，很多题目都是主观题，你能回答上来和你能得高分是两码事。（6）没有复习重点：考研考的就是心态，很多考生往往容易贪多，再加上把握不住重点，所以，越往最后越是急躁，越是觉得需要记忆的内容多，其实核心问题就是没有掌握住重点。（7）对复试不够重视：尤其是MPAcc/MPA/MBA的考生，报考人大、北外、北语等院校的考生，现在复试的比例越来越高了，所以一定要重视复试，育明教育的复试保过班次，大家可以考虑。一、2022年西北大学考研招生目录、招生人数一、学校简介西北大学肇始于1902年的陕西大学堂和京师大学堂速成科仕学馆。1912年始称西北大学。1923年改为国立西北大学。1937年西迁来陕的国立北平大学、北平师范大学、北洋工学院和北平研究院等组成国立西安临时大学，1938年改为国立西北联合大学，1939年复称国立西北大学。新中国成立后为教育部直属综合大学。1950年复名西北大学。1958年改隶陕西省主管。1978年被确定为全国重点大学。现为首批国家“世界一流学科建设高校”，国家“211工程”建设院校、教育部与陕西省共建高校。在长期的发展历程中，西北大学形成了“发扬民族精神，融合世界思想，肩负建设西北之重任”的办学理念，汇聚了众多名师大家，产生了一批高水平学术成果，培养了大批才任天下的杰出人才，享有良好的学术声誉和社会声望，被誉为“中华石油英才之母”“经济学家的摇篮”“作家摇篮”。学校现有太白校区、桃园校区、长安校区三个校区，总占地面积2360余亩。学校现有24个博士学位授权一级学科、36个硕士学位授权一级学科、17个专业学位授权类别。现有1个一级学科国家重点学科（涵盖5个二级学科）、4个二级学科国家重点学科和1个国家重点（培育）学科，22个博士后科研流动站。学校1个国家重点实验室、1个国家工程技术研究中心，1个国家创新人才培养示范基地，3个国家国际科技合作基地，3个国家地方联合工程研究中心，3个国家级高等学校学科创新引智基地，1个省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地，1个省部共建协同创新中心，7个国家级实验教学示范中心，1个国家级虚拟仿真实验教学中心，7个国家级人才培养基地并设有国家大学生文化素质教育基地，54个省部级理工类科研基地和22个省部级人文社科研究基地。学校现有国家级高层次人才117人，其中中国科学院院士4人。学校先后获得国家自然科学奖一、二等奖，国家技术发明奖二等奖，国家科技进步奖二等奖，“长江学者”成就奖一等奖、中国专利金奖等重大科技奖励。学校十分重视对外科技文化交流，已与美、英、法、德、日等20余个国家及地区的100余所大学、科研机构建立了友好合作关系。《大英百科全书》曾将西北大学列为世界著名大学之一。二、2021年报考说明为方便考生报考我校硕士研究生，现将报名有关事项说明如下：（一）报名参加全国硕士研究生招生考试的人员，须符合下列条件：1.中华人民共和国公民。2.拥护中国共产党的领导，品德良好，遵纪守法。3.身体健康状况符合国家和招生单位规定的体检要求。4.考生学业水平必须符合下列条件之一：（1）国家承认学历的应届本科毕业生（含普通高校、成人高校、普通高校举办的成人高等学历教育等应届本科毕业生）及自学考试和网络教育届时可毕业本科生。考生录取当年入学前（具体期限由招生单位规定）必须取得国家承认的本科毕业证书或教育部留学服务中心出具的《国（境）外学历学位认证书》，否则录取资格无效。（2）具有国家承认的大学本科毕业学历的人员。（3）同等学力人员报考须满足条件①、③或②、③：①国家承认学历的本科结业生；②获得国家承认的高职高专毕业学历后满2年（从毕业后到录取当年9月1日，下同）或2年以上；③六门以上大学本科主干课程成绩证明（原件），并在公开出版（带cn号）的学术刊物上以第一作者发表与报考专业相近的论文一篇。同等学力考生不得跨学科报考，复试时须加试两门大学本科主干课程。（4）已获硕士、博士学位的人员。在校研究生报考须在报名前征得所在培养单位同意。（二）报名参加全国专业学位硕士研究生招生考试的，按下列规定执行：1.报名参加法律（非法学）专业学位硕士研究生招生考试的人员，须符合下列条件：①符合（一）中的各项要求。②报考前所学专业为非法学专业（普通高等学校本科专业目录法学门类中的法学类专业[代码为0301]毕业生、专科层次法学类毕业生和自学考试形式的法学类毕业生等不得报考）。2.报名参加法律（法学）专业学位硕士研究生招生考试的人员，须符合下列条件：①符合（一）中的各项要求。②报考前所学专业为法学专业（仅普通高等学校本科专业目录法学门类中的法学类专业[代码为0301]毕业生、专科层次法学类毕业生和自学考试形式的法学类毕业生等可以报考）。3.报名参加工商管理硕士、公共管理硕士专业学位硕士研究生招生考试的人员，须符合下列条件：①符合（一）中1、2、3的各项要求。②大学本科毕业后有3年或3年以上工作经验的人员；或获得国家承认的高职高专毕业学历后，有5年或5年以上工作经验，达到与大学本科毕业生同等学力的人员；或已获硕士学位或博士学位并有2年或2年以上工作经验的人员。4.报名参加法律（非法学）、法律（法学）、工商管理、公共管理以外的其他专业学位硕士研究生招生考试的人员，须符合（一）中的各项要求。（三）报名参加单独考试的人员，须符合下列条件：1.符合（一）中1、2、3的各项要求。2.取得国家承认的大学本科学历后连续工作４年以上，业务优秀，已经发表过研究论文（技术报告）或者已经成为业务骨干，经考生所在单位同意和两名具有高级专业技术职称的专家推荐，定向就业本单位的在职人员；或获硕士学位或博士学位后工作2年以上，业务优秀，经考生所在单位同意和两名具有高级专业技术职称的专家推荐，定向就业本单位的在职人员。3.我校法学（民商法学方向）、公共管理（行政管理方向）、化学工程与技术（化学工程、制药工程方向）、计算机科学与技术（计算机应用技术方向）、软件工程、城乡规划学、世界史（中东研究所）等专业可设置单独考试。（四）报考“退役大学生士兵”专项硕士研究生招生计划的考生，应为高校学生应征入伍退出现役，且符合硕士研究生报考条件者(“高校学生”指全日制普通本专科(含高职)、研究生、第二学士学位的应(往)届毕业生、在校生和入学新生，以及成人高校招收的普通本专科(高职)应(往)届毕业生、在校生和入学新生)。（五）2021年我校进行非全日制招生的专业有：文物与博物馆、工商管理、公共管理。原则上非全日制硕士研究生招收在职定向就业人员。二、2022年西北大学考研参考书《货币金融学》(第九版)，米什金著，中国人民大学出版社，2011年。《投资学》(美)博迪等著，汪昌云等译，机械工业出版社，2012年版《金融硕士大纲解析》，李国正，首都师范大学出版社，2021年版；《金融硕士习题集》，李国正，首都师范大学出版社，2019年版。三、2022年西北大学考研真题、考研笔记、考研经验（育明学员回忆）2020年西大金融专硕复试分数线349，本来九月份招生简章写的招40人，因为疫情扩了15人，收55人，最终70人进复试，复试录取比1:1.3。我是看的复试书目，结合初试书目，背诵知识点，同时整理时事热点。复试的专业课题是抽取作答，题目不是很难，掌握好初复试指定书目的知识点就没问题，同时可能会结合时事热点。四、2022年考研专业课答题技巧根据历年育明教育参加过阅卷的辅导老师的反馈，很多学生一看就没有在考前模拟过，乱涂乱画、字迹很差。这样非常影响学生的分数，尤其是英语作文和政治主观题部分。因此，有三点必须记住：不能涂改、多分段、字迹一定要工整。1、名词解释(1)名词解释一般答100字左右，在A4纸上约3行，每行30-40字。(2)名词解释三段论答题法:定义——》背景、特征、概念类比——》总结/评价。第一，回答出名词本身的含义。一般都可以在书本找到。第二，从名词的提出的背景、它的特征、相似概念比较等方面进行简述。第三，总结，可以做一下简短的个人评价。(3)育明考研温馨提示:第一，名词解释一般位于试卷的第一部分，很多考上刚上考场非常的兴奋，一兴奋就容易下笔如流水，一不小心就把名词解释当成了简答题。结果后面的题目答题时间非常紧张。第二，育明考研咨询师提醒大家，在回答名词解释的时候以150-200字为佳。按照每个人写字的速度，一般需要5分钟左右。2、简答题（1）育明考研名师解析：简答题一般来说位于试题的第二部分，基本考察对某些重要问题的掌握程度。难度中等偏低。这就要求考生在复习的时候要把课本重要问题梳理清楚，要比较扎实的记忆。一般来说书本看到5遍以上可以达到记忆的效果。当然，记忆也要讲究方法。（2）育明考研答题攻略：简答题定义框架答题法定义——》框架 ——》总结第一，先把简答题题干中涉及到的最重要的1-2个名词进行阐述，类似于“名词解释”。很多人省略了这一点，无意中丢失了很多的分数。第二，按照要求，搭建框架进行回答。回答要点一般3-5条，每条150-200字。第三，进行简单的总结。（3）育明考研温馨提示第一，在回答简答题的时候，一定要有头有尾，换言之，必须要进行核心名词含义的阐释。第二，在回答的时候字数一般在800-1000为佳，时间为15-20分钟。3、论述题（1）育明考研名师解析论述题在考研专业课中属于中等偏上难度的题目，考察对学科整体的把握和对知识点的灵活运用，进而运用理论知识来解决现实的问题。但是，如果我们能够洞悉论述题的本质，其实回答起来还是非常简单的。论述题，从本质上看，是考察队多个知识点的综合运用能力。因此，这就要求我们必须对课本的整体框架和参考书的作者的写书的内部逻辑。这一点是我们育明考研专业课讲授的重点，特别是对于跨专业的考生来说，要做到这一点，难度非常大。（2）育明考研答题攻略：论述题三步走答题法是什么——》为什么——》怎么样第一，论述题中重要的核心概念，要阐释清楚；论述题中重要的理论要点要罗列到位。这些是可以在书本上直接找到的，是得分点，也是进一步分析的理论基点。第二，要分析目前所存在问题出现的原因。这个部分，基本可以通过对课本中所涉及的问题进行总结而成。第三，提出自己合理化的建议。五、2022年考研复习规划（10000名成功学员的经验总结）第一阶段：信息收集及院校确定（3月—6月）了解考研信息、确定报考院校、明确专业课重点、夯实英语基础（尤其是单词、句型），这个时候，在选择院校和专业时必须慎重，不能自己想怎样就怎样，要听取专家的建议。育明教育咨询师都有5年以上咨询经验。第二阶段：考试重点明确（7月—9月）通过育明教育一对一指导明确专业课考试重点并做笔记、明确考研政治考点及难点、考研英语真题解析。第三阶段：明确重点并理解记忆（7月—9月）明确专业课考试重点并做笔记、明确考研政治考点及难点、考研英语真题解析。第四阶段：深入背诵考点、练习试题（9月—11月）开始背诵考点难点、练习考点试题。第五阶段：模式考试（11月—12月）每门课都进行4-5次模拟考试，并由育明教育聘请阅卷组成员进行指导和分析。第六阶段：复试、面试（次年3月—4月）通过育明教育复试保过课程，准备复习（笔试、面试等）。
补票考研英语难上热搜，作文题目里两个单词看懵一圈人！范文和解析来了
12月22日，2019年研究生考试开考，全国290万考生报名，创下10年来最高记录。第一天英语考试就难哭，“考研英语一难”，“debate是什么意思”连着两个考研英语相关话题上了微博热搜。 看到热搜话题，网友们纷纷表示：“看到大家都不会，我就放心了。”有监考老师看到卷子后都果断放弃了：不少人表示，根本没看懂，今年的题似乎不能按套路来……“感觉今年英语难出新高度，新题型半天选不出来，翻译题做得狗屁不通……和往年真题比也太难了。”到底是什么题目难倒了广大考生呢？根据考生回忆，英语一的小作文题目是，我为一个援助乡村小学（aiding rural primary school）工作，一个国际志愿者要求我写新告诉他项目的细节。许多网友表示，“只认识school”，“rural”什么意思?英语一的大作文是一幅图，两个爬山的人，一个想要放弃，另一个劝他坚持。根据图片写文章，要求简单描述图片内容，阐述图片表达的含义，并给出你的评价。考研二的小作文是一个教授让学生设计一个关于城市交通的辩论(debate)主题。很多考生不认识debate这个单词，拿到题目一脸懵。大作文是根据图表写文章，主题是大学生毕业去向。图表是中文的，描绘了2013年-2018年毕业生的几个选择，很多考生看到“创业”就懵了，不知道用英语怎么表达。那么，今年的考研英语真的有那么难吗？看看专家的解读。2019考研英语一真题小作文参考范文【参考范文】Dear friend,I am greatly pleased to receive your letter and I am writing to you to express my sincere hope that I can offer you some details about the project of Aiding Rural Primary School. The details are as follows.In the first place, the aim of this project is to help rural children in a poor financial condition to improve their English, which needs you make an English teaching plan in advance. In the second place, this project will be held at June, lasting about 15days, therefore it is essential for you to prepare some clothes and daily necessities.In the last place, importance should be attached to the role played by the language e to the fact that there is a few people understanding English, which needs you are capable of speaking basic Chinese.I wish my introction could satisfy your requirement, and look forward to discussing more details with you.Yours Sincerely,Li Ming【参考译文】亲爱的朋友：我很开心收到你的来信，我写这封信主要是为你详细介绍一下关于“援助乡村小学”项目的信息，细节如下：首先，这个项目是为了帮助乡村家庭条件不好的孩子提高他们的英文水平，需要你提前做一份英语教学计划，其次这个项目将在6月进行并将持续15天，因此你需要准备一些衣物和日用品。最后，由于当地的人基本不懂英语，所以你最好学习一些汉语的基本表达。我希望我的介绍回答了你想知道的问题，期待和你讨论更多的细节。你最真挚的，李明【解题思路】今年的小作文考得主要是关于一个项目的介绍，并给这位志愿者回信，那么这篇小作文可以写介绍信，在之前的考试中也有类似的话题，所以构思上还是很容易的。第一段主要表达一下自己收到来信的心情并表达一下自己这封回信的目的，第二段可以展开对项目进行介绍，比如项目的目标、背景、时间或者地点等，也可以拓展一些自己会写的内容，第三段就是常规的客套，希望这封回信能帮到对方或者在未来能与对方进行进一步的讨论。只要你有作文框架和思路，这篇作文还是很容易拿高分的。2019考研英语(二)真题大作文：毕业生去向【题目要求】48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)【参考范文】This bar chart depicts the changes of college students’ different choices after graation from 2013 to 2018. According to the data given above, the percentage of hunting for a job has decreased from 68.1% to 60.7% while the percentage of pursuing a further study in postgraate schools increased from 26.3% to 34.0%. By contrast, the change of the percentage of starting a business is not obvious.There are several possible factors which account for this phenomenon and the followings are the typical ones. On the one hand, e to the increasing emphasis on ecation, pursuing a further study has become much more popular for college students. On the other, it is the stress from fierce employment competition that makes college students realize the significance of enhancing their academic level and practical skills, which explains the reason why the percentage of hunting for a job has decreased obviously.From what has been mentioned above, we can easily come to the conclusion that this established trend is acceptable. And it is wise for postgraate students to broaden their horizons and to improve their practical skills ring postgraate study. Only in this way, can they be qualified for the future position.【参考范文】该柱状图描述了2013年至2018年间毕业大学生选择的变化。根据以上数据，找工作的比例从68.1%下降到了60.7%；选择继续深造的比例从26.3%上升到了34.0%。相比之下，创业的比例变化并不明显。导致上述现象的原因可能有多个，但接下来我要说的是最为典型的两个。一方面，由于对教育的重视程度越来越高，继续深造已经成为越来越多的大学生的选择。另一方面，激烈的就业竞争压力使大学生意识到了提高学术水平和实践技能的重要性，这也就说明了为什么找工作的比例会明显下降。综上所述，可以得出如下结论：上述所反映的既定趋势是可以接受的。但是，在读研期间拓宽视野并提高实践能力才是明智的。只有这样，他们才能胜任未来的工作。考研英语（二）题目如下：Directions: Suppose professor Smith asks you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic, write an email to him. 1）Suggest a topic and with your reasons; 2）And your arrangements.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Don’t use your own name, use “Zhang Wei” instead. Don’t write your address. (10 points)首先，从形式来讲，2019考研英语（二）小作文的出题形式基本和历年真题保持一致，给出一个简要的指导，且依旧延续了历年小作文两点提纲的风格。但是，不变中蕴含的却是变化，参加过考试的考生肯定在考场上就发现，2019考研英语（二）小作文的署名发生了变化，由“李明”换回了“张伟”。这又缘何说起呢？简要回顾2010年到2018年考研英语（二）小作文的署名，我们发现，从2010年到2012年，署名均以“张伟”的形式出现；之后从2012年到2018年，除却2015年的通知，均要求以“李明”署名结束。然而，2019再次换回“张伟”，这就提醒广大考生，考场上一定要仔细审题，不能放过题目中的任何信息，否则都会造成失分。其次，从难易程度上来看，2019考研英语（二）基本也和历年真题持平。题目是围绕一个有关城市交通的辩论展开的话题，具体来说就是一位史密斯教授让“你”制定一个有关城市交通主题辩论的计划，并写出你对整场辩论的安排。“城市交通”是贴近考生生活的话题，所以，针对这一话题，广大考生不用担心缺乏行文思路，导致难以落笔。其次，有关辩论的安排，仔细分析，跟2013年以及2015年考研英语（二）小作文有相似之处。2013年是关于慈善义卖活动的电子邮件，2015年是招募志愿者的夏令营的通知，涉及活动必然要求写明活动起止时间、持续时间以及活动地点，所以，认真备考过的考生在写第二点提纲时可以借鉴2013年和2015年背过的句式及表达进行写作。不过，从另一方面来看，2019考研英语（二）小作文可能困扰考生的地方在于“debate”一词，该词对基础扎实的考生构不成威胁，但对于基础薄弱的学生可能是致命一击，所以，单词是考研英语备考的基石，文都教育的1575词汇书还得是广大考生备考的必选书目。此外，另一个需要注意的点便是“arrangement”一词，该词是可数名词，通常使用复数，若考生在行文中提出多点安排，必须使用该词的复数形式“arrangements”。（浙江24小时记者 郑琳）大家都爱看动动手指，赢精美礼品！2018浙江十大天气气候事件，你说了算下周“真·冷空气”来了 浙江人的冬至有你的独家记忆吗？“我开得想哭”4天7万元油费，舟山船老大拖着外籍无人游艇回港来源：浙江24小时、新浪微博等责编：侯玮编辑：杨柳看完英语作文的网友，为自己点个赞吧 今天考场上的考生，要继续加油鸭↓↓↓
记曰2012年考研英语二真题
2012年考研英语二真题。Section I USE of EnglishDirections :Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2 man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3 all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes，who went without the 4 of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid , 5 an average guy ,up 6 the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation7 Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8 to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9 it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10 had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a11 career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a 12 of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the 14 side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were 15 or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports 16 the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war, the 18 of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. 19 Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier, 20 the most important person in their lives.1. [A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2. [A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3. [A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4. [A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5. [A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6. [A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7. [A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8. [A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9. [A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10. [A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11. [A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12. [A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13. [A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14. [A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15. [A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16. [A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]plicated [D]contradicted17. [A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18. [A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19. [A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20. [A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that pointSection Ⅱ Reading comprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his ecational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has proced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to rece or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting ecational policy, looks into the matter and concts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21. It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an ecational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22. L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their ecation[B]have asked for a different ecational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23. According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in ecation24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______. [A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25. A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Ecational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: alt women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. Tt was only after “toddler”became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or alts,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.26. By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28. The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of procts for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' terms30. It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech instry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Instry Organisation (BIO)， a trade group， assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved， at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision， ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genss that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad， a company in Utah，said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine， the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents： a gene is a proct of nature， so it may not be patented； gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it； and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem to agree.Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case， arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a proct of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. ”Despite the appeals court's decision， big questions remain unanswered. For example， it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of indivi al genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.AS the instry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater impact.companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy,companies are eager to win patents for ‘connecting the dits’,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31. it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----A. their executives to be activeB. judges to rule out gene patentingC. genes to be patcntablcD. the BIO to issue a warning32. those who are against gene patents believe that----A. genetic tests are not reliableB. only man-made procts are patentableC. patents on genes depend much on innovatiaonD. courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33. according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----A. establishing disease comelationsB. discovering gene interactionsC. drawing pictures of genesD. identifying human DNA34．By saying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that -----A. the supreme court was authoritativeB. the BIO was a powerful organizationC. gene patenting was a great concernD. lawyers were keen to attend conventiongs35. generally speaking ,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is----A. criticalB. supportiveC. scornfulD. ObjectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends, it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young alts. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls ring a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying “to find silver linings”（Line 1,Para.2）the author suggest that the jobless try to___.[A]seek subsidies from the govemment[B]explore reasons for the unermployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession37. According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle38. Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes39. The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graates from elite universities tend to _____.[A]lag behind the others e to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others’[D]recover more quickly than the others40. The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain [B]positive[C]trivial [D]destructivePart BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)“Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus – On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , instrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit," wrote Smiles." what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself" His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles: “It is man, real, living man who does all that.” And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For: “Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding — from gender to race to cultural studies — were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.Section Ⅲ Translation46. Directions: Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graates .Lots of studies have found that well-ecated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school ecation,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new procts for their factories to make .Section Ⅳ WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1) make a complaint and2) demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead .Part B48. Directions:write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1) describe the table ,and2) give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words(15points)某公司员工工作满意度调查2012年考研英语二答案Section I USE of English1.【答案】B【解析】从空后的句子“他们解放的人们”可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。只有serve有“服兵役”的意思，所以选B。其他都不符合题意。2.【答案】B【解析】空内信息应该是与hero“英雄”意思相对，后面的分句说他背井离乡，经历了很多苦难，显然这里应该是说由普通人平凡人(common man)成长为英雄，所以选B。3.【答案】A【解析】本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，承担战争带来的负担，应该用动词bear或shoulder，所以这里选A，bore。4.【答案】A【解析】necessities表示“生活必需品”，空外信息food和shelter(食物和住宿)这些就是维持生存最起码的条件。Facilities是设备设施，commodities商品，properties财产，均不符合题意。5.【答案】C【解析】not…but，“不是，而是”表转折，不是自愿兵，也没有高的报酬，而是一个普通人。所以选C。6.【答案】D【解析】这道题主要考查介词的搭配。根据up______(the best trained, bestequipped, fiercest, most brutal).enemies可以知道是起来反抗敌人，所以选D选项against。7.【答案】C【解析】GI。在军事上是Government Issue 的缩略语，所以，GL。这个符号就是象征着这个全称Government Issue。选C。8.【答案】A【解析】该句意思为，GI。这个符号出现在给士兵分发的所有物品上，hand out “分发，发放”符合题意。Turn over “移交”，bring back“带回”，pass down“传承，一代一代传下来”在句意上都说不通。9.【答案】C【解析】空所在句子的语境为：Joe是个普通名词，一个从未爬到社会顶层的人的名字。Manage表示再怎么经过努力，最终也未获得成功，所以选C。10.【答案】B 【解析】结合第9题的分析可知，空所在句子实际上是进一步举例说明Joe没有取得大的成就：从来都不曾出现叫做Joe的总统、副总统、国务卿。根据句意只能选never，B。11.【答案】D 【解析】本题考察词汇辨析。空所在的语境为：GI .Joe有_ _ 的军旅生涯，曾和德国，美国以及韩国的军队作战。由此语境确定选D，其他几项均不符合题意。12.【答案】B 【解析】本题考察词汇辨析。空所在语境为：他身上体现着美国人的某些特色，或身上结合了美国人的诸多特性。结合语境，可知作者想表达在他身上有很多美国人的典型特色，因而选B。13.【答案】C 【解析】本题考察词汇辨析。空所在语境为：Pyle _ _ 的士兵也本色出演了该片。结合上句对Ernie Pyle的介绍，可知为一战地记者(warcorrespondent)，确定答案C。14.【答案】D 【解析】本题考察词汇辨析。 空所在语境为：Pyle擅长报导战争的_ _面，报导这些浑身是尘土，积雪以及泥浆的士兵。Pyle报导重在士兵而非战争上，因而可确定他关注的应更多的是人性。所以选D。15.【答案】D 【解析】本题考察词汇辨析。本题承接上题， 表达： Pyle并不关注士兵行军多少里，或是占领或解放了多少地方。Gain有推进(一段)距离的意思，故选D。16.【答案】A 【解析】本题考察词汇辨析。空所在语境为：他的报导与Bill Maulden的是_____的。紧接的一句话揭示了本题的答案，两者都(Both men)。由此可确定两人的报导应是类似的。因而，选A。“counteracted”表示“抵制，中和，对抗 ”，plicated表示“ 复制，重复”，“ contradicted”表示“反驳，与 ... 矛盾”。17.【答案】C 【解析】本题考察逻辑搭配。空所在语境为：两者都_ 战争的丑恶，以及所带来的损耗。”由上题可知道，Pyle更加注重战争中的士兵，因而他不可能是忽略(neglected)，避免(avoided)或是钦佩(admired)战争所带来的这一些负面的东西，因而本题选C。18.【答案】B 【解析】本题由冒号后多表达的咖啡，香烟，威士忌，住的地方，还睡觉的地方，有好的觉可以睡与前面所说的前面dirt, exhaustion of war形成鲜明的对比。故选B19.【答案】B 【解析】本题考察介词的用法。空所在语境为：_ _ 印度，法国，以及其他国家，G.I. Joe可以是任何美国士兵。结合文章表达，应是对于这些人而言。因而，确定答案B。20.【答案】D【解析】本题考察逻辑搭配。空所在语境为：G.I. Joe是他们生命中最重要的人。原题四个选项分别表示on the contrary“ 正相反”； [B] by thismeans“用这种方式”；[C]fromthe outset“从一开始”；[D]atthat point表示“就那点(方面)来说”。D为最佳答案。Section II Reading Comprehension21.【答案】A【解析】文章首段首句指出“家庭作业一直不受学生，还有许多家长的欢迎，特别是到了最近几年，家庭作业还遭到了人们的不屑。”后面的内容则是简单提出美国各学区对于家庭作业的作为，引出L.A.Unified针对家庭作业所指定的政策。该题题干问的是“根据文章首段，目前家庭作业…”，关键词是家庭作业，因此答案从首句就能判断出来，题干的nowadays对应原文中的in recent years， 所选答案则是对“it has been particularly corned。”的同义改写，故答案选A。22.【答案】C【解析】文章第二段首句明确说到“这项政策的制定是为了解决贫困家庭的学生在完成家庭作业中可能遇到的困难。”这与题干所问“制定该政策的主要原因”以及“贫困学生”就对应起来了，故答案选C。23.【答案】A【解析】文章第三段第二句指出，“如果家庭作业仅占分值的10%，学生很容易少做一半的家庭作业，在他们的成绩单上也不会有什么差别。”“家庭作业仅占分值10%”这是L.A.Unified 制定出的家庭作业政策的内容，因此，从这句话可以看出有了这项政策，既然成绩单上不会有区别，学生就会选择少做一半的家庭作业，这个意思对应选项为A。24.【答案】B【解析】题干关键词“a key question unanswered ”对应第四段的首句“the policy addresses none of thetruly thorny questions about homework。”而这个问题的具体内容则是从“if”开始说明，因此这道题要解出正确答案，需要对后面的内容进行分析，“如果学区认为家庭作业对应学生的学业不重要，学区应致力于减少或者删除家庭作业，使家庭作业不起任何作用；相反，如果家庭作业重要，它应该在学业中占重要的一部分。”从这两句的内容中，我们可以简单归纳出，L.A.Unified所指定的这项政策到目前为止还未对家庭作业对于学生学业是否有重要作用给出确定答案，故答案选B。25.【答案】D【解析】这篇文章开篇指出家庭作业的弊病，随即提出美国各学区对此做出的努力，以L.A.Unified所指定的政策为例，说明这项政策在各方面的作为，如第三段末尾说“The policy imposes aflat, across-the-board rule”，第四段首句说“这项政策并未解决任何关于家庭作业的棘手问题”，看出作者对于这项政策实际是持否定态度的，因此答案B可以排除；而C选项说的是“关于家庭作业的棘手问题”，文章中虽然提到这个“棘手问题”，但并非主要阐述，最终落脚点还是在关于家庭作业的政策上面，因此C选项排除；A选项的错误在于“错误解读”，文章是对政策进行客观解读，错误的是政策本身，而非解读。D选项考生可能不选的原因在于对“approach”一词的内涵意义不够理解，approach一词本意是接近，靠近，方法，它引申出来就是策略的意思，与文章中的policy内涵一致，故答案D为正确选项。26.【答案】A【解析】题干的意思是“通过说‘粉色是彩虹中多么微小的一小部分’，作者的意思是 。根据文章第一段第三行，but作为连词表示后面的内容是对前面内容的否定，but之前的意思是说“粉色本身并不是不好”，而后买面的“such a tiny slice of”是指“是彩虹中多么微小的一部分”，由此可以得出，粉色并不代表女孩童年生活的全部。所以，选A。27.【答案】B【解析】题干是要根据文章第二段，判断哪个是对颜色理解正确的选项。根据文章第二段第一句话，前半部分是说“女孩对于粉色的关注看起来好像是不可避免的，不知怎么的，就跟存在与她们的基因里一样”，but之后是对前者的否定，所以很明显，A项是错误的。根据第二段的第7行，pink was actuallyconsidered the more masculine colour,可以得出，C选项错误。对于D选项，根据第二段第4、5行，可以得知，儿童穿白色是属于以前的情况，并非现在的事实，而D选项的时态是指一般现在时，时态不符合。根据文章8行，9行，可以得知，blue symbolisedfemininity,可以得知，蓝色曾经被认为是女孩子的颜色，符合文章题意。所以，选B。28.【答案】A【解析】题干“作者认为我们对于儿童心理发展的看法，多受____的影响。”从原文第三段的首句“我之前没有意识到，我们对孩子们所固有特性的认知深受市场趋势的支配，包括我们对他们心理发展的核心看法”，这一句可以明显看出相关儿童市场及其产品在左右人们对二年同心理发展的看法上所起的重要作用。而B、C、D均曲解了原文的意思，故本题正确答案为A29.【答案】C【解析】题干“从第4段我们可以看出，给出商店的建议是＿＿＿” 选项A“关注婴儿和稍大一些的孩子的衣服”，回顾原文，第4段第1句话讲的是“为了增加销路，厂家应该开创在婴儿衣服和稍大一些的孩子衣服之前的一些商机”，而并没说是要“关注两者的衣服”，故A错误；B“把不同性别放在同等重要的地位”，此说法原文中并未提及，原文第4段只是在最后一句说道“分割市场最简便的方法之一就是来扩大性别之间的差异性”，故B错误；D“创造一些购买者的术语”，作者只是举出了一个“购买术语”的例子，但这不是作者的建议，真正是的建议是C，故C为正确答案。30.【答案】C【解析】题干“我们能推断出，女孩们对粉色的着迷看起来是＿＿＿”文章最后两段都在探讨市场和厂家对人们看法和观念的诱导，因此C选项正合题意，其他选项都不正确。31.【答案】C【解析】文章首段首句提到“In2010, a federal judge shook America's biotech instry to its core。”，即2010年，联邦的一项决定震惊了美国的生物科技产业。 后面接着提到，这项决定是“genes wereunpatentable”，意思是与基因相关的项目不能够获得专利权，而“executives were violently agitated”，由agitated(愤怒的)可以推断出正确答案为C，即生物科技产业希望与基因相关的项目能够获得专利权。32.【答案】C【解析】文章第三段提到了反对基因相关的项目能够获得专利权的三个理由。第一个是，基因是自然的产品；第二个是，基因获得专利会压制创新；第三个是，基因专利的垄断会限制基因测试。故正确答案为C，即反对者们会认为与基因相关的专利应该更多的依赖于创新。答案A文中没有提及，答案D与反对者的第二个理由相一致，答案B属于过渡推断。33.【答案】A【解析】文章第五段中提到“Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations thatmight be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug's efficacy”，即各大公司目前正在研究基因之间的相互作用，寻找它们之间的相关性，从而通过这些相关性推断疾病产生的原因或预测药物的有效性。而Hans Sauer解释到各大公司渴望赢得专利权的原因是“connecting the dots”，这与上句话提到的“疾病之间的相互作用和相互联系”相呼应，故而选A。答案B属于偷换概念；答案C和D在文中没有提到。34.【答案】C【解析】文章最后一段提到了BIO最近要召开的一个会议。“Each meeting was packed”，这句话中的“packed”的原义为“打包，包装”，而在此句中的意思是：挤满，塞满。即会议挤满了人，从而反映了大家对基因专利的关注，故真确答案为C。答案A与题干无关；答案B属于主观臆断；答案D是干扰项，训练律师只是这次大会的一部分内容，以偏概全。35.【答案】D【解析】从整体上看，作者不仅提到了希望获得基因专利全的生物科技产业为此所作出的努力，同时也提到了反对者反对的理由，文章第四段进一步提到了基因获得专利过程中遇到的实际问题。故而，作者多基因专业的态度是客观的，即答案D。36.【答案】D【解析】题目定位在段首句。所以应该是整段意思的概括。第二句说，失业虽然很痛苦，但也从很多方面带来好处。冒号后面具体说他们从观念上，生活方式上发生了改变。所以选择D。A、B均为无关选项，C选项中说makeprofit,是侧重指获得经济利益，所以与原文不符。37.【答案】D【解析】第二句冒号后面：他们不再那么追求物质，经济上更节俭；同时意识到其他人在努力奋斗，即D选项中reconsidertheir lifestyle,重新审视他们的生活方式。A项有干扰性，但文中说“将我们从梦想中唤醒”，所以不对。B、C没有提到。38.【答案】B【解析】定位在第三段第二句开始。 接下来一句通过关键词mean-spiritedand less inclusive ，B选项正是该句的改写，故为正确答案；A属于过度推理；C、D意思明显弄反了39.【答案】D【解析】定位在第四段第三句冒号后面：高等学府的毕业生能够很快调整自身，达到未遭遇危机时的状态。D选项与之含义相符。C明显不对，“notall people graating into a recession see their life chances dimmed”表明，不是所有的毕业生都认为前途渺茫。B项无中生有。A与原文相反。40.【答案】A【解析】由最后一句可知，“they certainly will reshape it”表示困难时期的一定会对社会产生影响的，所以certain与之相符。由最后一段无法看出是positive还是destructive,所以B、D均不正确。A项是“无足轻重的”，明显不对。41.【答案】A【解析】本题答案锁定在第三自然段，第二行讲到“Petrarchbegan...highlighting the virtue of classical heroes” 即彼特拉克在他的书中强调古典英雄的美德。答案A与此是完全对应的。42.【答案】D【解析】此题定位于第三自然段第五行，重点理解词组“turn on its head” ,意思为“to change sthcompletely”，所以说尼可洛，马基雅维利的观点与彼特拉克的观点是相反的，开启了了解历史伟人的新局面。43.【答案】G【解析】此题定位于第四自然段的第四行，“Self-help as acatalogue of the worthy lives of engineers, instrialists and explorers”， 塞缪尔·斯迈尔斯在他的书《成事在己》里面讲到了工程师，实业家，探险家的有意义的生活，G与此是对应的44.【答案】C【解析】此题定位于第五自然段第三行，“these epochal figuresrepresented lives hard to imitate”，托马斯，卡莱尔描述了一些穿越苦难的划时代的人物。C对应了此答案。45.【答案】E【解析】此题定位于第六自然段第五行，“history should be thestory of the masses and their record of struggle”，答案E与此句是完全对应的。46.【参考译文】发展中国家的人们为移民忧虑时，他们通常担忧的是离开自己国家去去硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学的最优秀、最聪明的群体的前景。这些劳动者正是像英国、加拿大、澳大利亚这样的国家通过赋予受过大学教育者以特权的移民法想要吸引的人群。很多研究发现，来自发展中国家的那些受到良好教育的人们极有可能选择移居他国。2004年对印度家庭开展了一项广泛的调查，结果显示约40%的移民受过高中以上的教育。相比而言，在所有年龄超过25岁的印度人中，受过高中以上教育的人数比例只有约3.3%。“人才流失”一直困扰着贫穷国家的政策制定者们。他们担心这会对本国的经济造成损害，造成国家急需的技工的流失。这些技术人员可能曾在他们的大学教学，也可能曾在他们的医院工作，或者曾经构想出智能化的新产品让他们的工厂去生产。【解析】今年翻译话题是贫穷国家的人才流失问题，话题内容比较好理解，从而在很大程度上降低了翻译的难度。但还是有几个地方有的同学可能会比较困惑。1)文章第一句的主句需要我们去认真思考下。“they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world”这句话中concern at 的宾语是prospect。看到“of”我们要立即想到“A of B”翻译为“B的A”在这里，A指的就是“prospect”，关键就是找出B指代的是什么。而这一点恰恰是本句理解的难点B指的是 “their best and brightest”翻译为 “他们中最优秀、最聪明的(群体)”。2) 第一段第二句话关键在于对两个that引导的从句的理解。第一个that从句作定语修饰workers，第二个that作定语修饰rules。这里是考研英语中经常出现的一个考点：从句的嵌套。对于这样的句子我们的关键在于准确找到先行词，根据一个句子如果有N个连词就必定有N+1个动词的原则来切分开长句。3)“brain drain” 这个词组是在报刊杂志中经常出现的，意思是“人才流失”。这个词语通过上下文逻辑应该能大概猜出它的意思，但是在考研考场上，尤其是在完成了阅读和作文后很多同学可能已经耗费了大量的体力和脑力，对于这个单词的猜测可能会很费力，甚至会放弃。这个说明我们再平时的学习过程中应该注意积累这样的热点词汇。4)“They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who”对于这个句子的理解关键在于对于“depriving”之后成分在句子结构中作用的理解。Deprive本意是剥夺，在这里很显然不适合直译。我们根据逻辑关系可以翻译为“技工的流失”。“clever”这个单词很简单，同学们都认识，在这里翻译为“聪明的”很显然说不通，clever除了“聪明的”还有“精巧”之意，再结合这里说的是技术工人的重要性，我们可以翻译为“智能的”Section IV Writing47.小作文【参考范文】Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing this letter to make a complaint about the quality of the electronic dictionary I bought from your store the other day。The reason for my dissatisfaction is that I found the electronic dictionary can’t reach my satisfaction. In the first place, the outlook is quite different from what it is placed online. In addition, the number of the vocabulary contained in it is too small. I’d like to buy an electronic dictionary with a large vocabulary。I appreciate it very much if you could change another satisfying one for me. And I would like to have this matter settled by next Friday. Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your favorable reply。Yours sincerely,Zhang Wei48.大作文【参考范文】Here demonstrates a table with regard to the degree of satisfaction on work of staff in a company ranging from three different age groups, under 40, 40 to 50, and above 50 respectively. Specifically speaking, people in their forties are least satisfied with their present work situation at the rate of 64.0%. In comparison, people over 50 are most satisfied with their current situation at 40.0%. A noticeable figure is that half the staff under the age of 40 have no idea about their conditions。There prove to be a number of reasons accounting for it. First and foremost, it has something to do with the structure of staff’s age, especially with their working and life experience in which they play a pivotal role. What is more, this social issue is likely to be intertwined with the organization of the company where they serve。In line with my personal thinking, there are two major factors that should be taken into account seriously. On one hand, the general people concerned should enhance their awareness in this respect. What is more, the relevant company should increase the benefits for their employees. Only if these measures are adopted effectively can people work in peace and content and companies benefit most。
