2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】!【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案(1-20)1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案(21-25)21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案(26-30)26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案(31-35)31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案(36-40)36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案(41-45)41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案(46-50)46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色,中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合,从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前,当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式,仍旧沿用以前的思维模式,其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者,但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多,并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时,文艺复兴时代已经结束,并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为:“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文:通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文:习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案,2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题,准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单,希望对大家有用:【英语书单】单词:闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词,划重点,后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词,省时间。真题:《考研真相》(英语二:考研圣经):一词一句讲解真题,重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解,不怕你看不懂,还有排除干扰项的方法,帮助提高答对率,适合基础弱的人。作文:英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》:通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文,再用三步作文法帮你拔高,专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》:从94年到现在的真题都包括了,讲解很好,帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题:用这本书练习做题,都是经典题型!同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本:《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书(政治大纲解析);风中劲草(三本书)、肖秀荣系列:精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷;蒋中挺冲刺5套卷;启航20天20题
很多考研考生表示英语词汇不认识,其实并不是真正意义上不认识而是考查的英语词汇并不是常用的意义。所以同学们在日常复习不要死记硬背英语词汇,一定要在理解的基础上掌握英语词汇。宏博太奇考研小编整理”2020考研英语阅读试题常见“一词多义”:b系列“文章,2020考生能有所参考,希望对同学们备考能有帮助~1.belief,faith, confidence, conviction, credit, trust信任,信念2.below,beneath, under, underneath, down在...之下3.beneficial,advantageous, profitable, favorable有益的4.besides, but,except for, 除了...5.bewilder, confuse, embarrass,puzzle, perplex迷惑6.biased, partial, prejudiced偏见的7.bind, tie,fasten系紧8.bit, piece,sheet, slice, fragment, scrap一片9.blame, accuse, condemn, reproach, scold, denounce责备10.blank, empty,vacant空11.block, bar,hinder, obstruct, prevent, hamper阻碍12.blunder,mistake, error, slip, fault错误13.bold, brave, courageous, daring, heroic, fearless,agressive勇敢的14.boring,tedious, tiresome无聊的15.bother, disturb, trouble, annoy, irritate打扰16.boundary,border, frontier边界17.break, burst, crack, crush, fracture, smash,destroy, ruin, wreck, damage, spoil破坏18.bright,brilliant,clever, wise, intelligent, ingenious, smart, shrewd聪明的19.brittle, fragile, vulnerable, feeble, weak, be susceptible to, besubject to脆弱的20.bruise, hurt,injury, wound, injure, impair受伤21.build,construct, found, erect, establish, fabricate建立22.bump, clash,collide, conflict冲突23.busy,engaged, occupied忙碌的24.but, however, , yet, nevertheless, while, whereas然而25.calculate, compute, count, estimate计算以上是宏博太奇考研为考生整理的“2020考研英语阅读试题常见“一词多义”:b系列”相关内容,希望对大家有帮助,宏博太奇考研小编预祝大家都能取得好成绩!
题材标签:教育难度等级: ★★★☆☆出题思路: 模拟2017年考研阅读Text 1短文出处:www.washingtonpost.com/opinions, 2018/5/16Text 11 When you are a writer who learns a beloved author has a dark side, you experience waves of disillusionment. When you teach that author’s work, you feel an additional stab of concern: What about my syllabus? As intellectual property goes, a great syllabus is a gold mine. Or perhaps a better metaphor would be a Jenga Game. Take away too many supporting pieces and the whole thing will topple.2 Do we continue to teach the work of people we now suspect of behaving unethically or abusively? News stories have suggested prominent writer Díaz may have acted in predatory ways. The Pulitzer Prize Board has launched an investigation of past Pulitzer winner Díaz regarding allegations that include forcibly kissing one author and verbally bullying another. As a reader, I’m devastated. As a teacher, I’ve got decisions to make.3 “Writers in Print and Person,” my class at American University, where I often adjunct, invites undergraates to alternate sustained analysis of a book with the opportunity to meet and question the author. Most of our craft learning is subsequently channeled through eight to 10 books assigned for annotation, a selection tailored to students indivially. Because of the particular scope of my responsibilities, and these modes of student learning, I have always emphasized the writer as a fully dimensioned being. What do I do when those dimensional flaws are revealed?4 Here’s what I can’t do: pretend that this is not happening. Much of the economy surrounding a contemporary writing career rests not just in what that author does on the page but what the person says at the microphone and in the classroom. I’ve never been a full-time academic. Yet I’ve served as a writer-in-residence four times. In other words, I cross paths with thousands of students, many of whom tell me about theiraspirations of becoming writers.5 These are students who wait in line afterward, sometimes for hours, so that the author can sign their copy of the book we put on the syllabus. These are the students who nervously apply for a faraway workshop, and then hustle to cover the expenses, so that they can work with a celebrated writer. These are the students who trust in both that writer’s aesthetic expertise and best intentions.6 I look back with deep regret at times I’ve recommended someone as a mentor, editor or visiting writer, unaware of a history of abusive attitudes.1. The well-known writer Díaz is mentioned to _____.A. stress he is a Pulitzer winnerB. reveal he fought an authorC. illustrate some writers have unethical behaviorsD. explain why I moved his works out of my syllabus.2. Which of the following is “my teaching method”?A. I ask my students to meet the writer to analyze his book.B. I want my students to understand the writer from different dimensions.C. Students are required to read eight to 10 books to find indivial taste.D. One of my responsibilities is to help students find the writer’s flaws.3. The word “aspiration” (Para. 4) is closest in meaning to _____.A. hateB. cheatingC. sadnessD. ambition4. What kind of students is mentioned here?A. The students who are eager to get the writer’s signature whose book on the syllabus.B. The students who want to join in a workshop.C. The students who have the same aesthetic expertise as the writer.D. The students who can publish an expensive book.5. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Teach an Abusive Writer’s Work?B. Writer in Print and PersonC. How to Prepare a SyllabusD. My Regret答案:CBDAA出题思路:【1】The well-known writer Díaz is mentioned to .A. stress he is a Pulitzer winnerB. reveal he fought an authorC. illustrate some writers have unethical behaviorsD. explain why I moved his works out of my syllabus.这里想出一道 “论证型推理题”,也就是“论据A是为了说明论点B”这样的题目。该题的论据是由题干“the well-known writer Díaz”指向文中所述“Diaz是一个行为有问题的人”,论点则是四个选项。首先,确定正确选项:C:illustrate some writers have unethical behaviors(举例说明某些作家有不道德行为)。原文第2段开头说Do we continue to teach the work of people we now suspect of behaving unethically or abusively?(那些让我们现在怀疑行为粗暴、不道德的作家,我们是否继续教授他们的作品呢?)第2句话,作者并没有急于回答这个问题,而是举例什么人是那些不道德的作家。就提到News stories have suggested prominent writer Díaz may have acted in predatory ways.(新闻报道已经暗示著名作家迪亚兹可能有强暴式行为。)所以,Diaz就是前文提到的那些unethically or abusively中的一员。作者提到Diaz就是想举例说明的确有作家行为不道德,而不是作者自己的臆测。其次,设计干扰选项:选项A利用原文中Pulitzer winner一词,让那些没读懂文章,想蒙对答案的人上当。选项B的fought an author是对原文中bullying another的近义转写,让那些迷信“同义转述”的人上当。选项D利用第1段的syllabus迷惑考生。【2】Which of the following is “my teaching method”?A. I ask my students to meet the writer to analyze his book.B. I want my students to understand the writer from different dimensions.C. Students are required to read eight to 10 books to find indivial taste.D. One of my responsibilities is to help students find the writer’s flaws.这里想考第3段。发现第3段教学方法讲的很详细,就出一道多细节题,即每个选项对应一个细节,但错误选项在细节描述上不准确。首先,确定正确选项: B: I want my students to understand the writer from different dimensions.(我想让我的学生从不同角度理解作者)对应于原文I have always emphasized the writer as a fully dimensioned being.(我一直强调作者是一个全方位的存在)。出题技巧是paraphrase(同义转述)。其次,设计干扰选项:选项A利用meet来迷惑考生。在选项A中,因为没有上下文语境,所以meet the writer就是真正和writer“面对面”的见面。而原文中invites undergraates to alternate sustained analysis of a book with the opportunityto meet and question the author. (邀请本科生对一本书进行交替持续的分析,让他们有机会去认识和质疑作者)。原文中meet是学生和作者在“书中”见面,学生通过分析作品,了解作者。这种迷惑选项叫“去语境化”,也就是说原文中的词一定是“带语境”的词义,而选项中的词是“去语境”的词义,这两个词义不一样。选项C的设计是考虑到原文中与C对应的是一个难句,考察学生是否真的读懂了这个句子。读懂了,就不会选C。没读懂,因为数字10很醒目,就很可能选C。原文Most of our craft learningissubsequently channeledthrough eight to 10 books assigned for annotation, a selectiontailored to students indivially. 这句话的主要部分是Most of our craft learning is channeled (我们大部分写作技巧的学习被引导)。后面是through…books…, selection…(通过书和选集被引导)。什么样的书和选集呢?由被动的assigned, tailored修饰(被布置作业要求写注释的书引导,被针对学生个性化定制的选集引导)整个句子的翻译是:然后,让学生读八到十本书并做注释。我们大部分写作技巧的学习是通过这八到十本书的引导进行,这些书构成的选集是针对学生个性化定制选择的。选项D是用flaws做干扰,迷惑考生。【3】The word “aspiration” (Para. 4) is closest in meaning to _____.A. hate B. cheating C. sadness D. ambition这里出一道猜词题。对于出题老师来说,出这样的题比较轻松。词的意义一般要从上下文猜。这道题aspiration虽然出现在第4段,但它的意义要从第5段对那些学生的描写得出,知道学生们多么渴望成为作家,才能猜出ambition(雄心)这个含义。干扰项在这里没有太多设计。【4】What kind of students are mentioned here?A. The students who are eager to get the writer’s signature whose book on the syllabus.B. The students who want to join in a workshop.C. The students who have the same aesthetic expertise as the writer.D. The students who can publish an expensive book.这里又是一道多细节题,因为第5段提到学生们的多种经历。首先,确定正确选项:A: The students who are eager to get the writer’ssignature whose book on the syllabus.(学生渴望获得那些大纲上列出的书的作者的签名)因为原文:These are students who wait in line afterward, sometimes for hours, so that the author can sign their copy of the bookwe put on the syllabus. (这些学生是有时排队等候几个小时,只为了让教学大纲上的某本书的作者能够在书上签名。)其次,设计干扰选项:选项B用workshop迷惑考生,原文的重点不是学生参加workshop,而是“想和作者一起”参与workshop。选项C用aesthetic expertise迷惑,但意思和原文无关。选项D用expensive和expenses词形相似迷惑,意思和原文也无关。【5】Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Teach an Abusive Writer’s Work?B. Writer in Print and PersonC. How to Prepare a SyllabusD. My Regret这里想出一道主旨题。这种题比较难出,主要是错误选项要有迷惑性,但又要与正确答案有区别,还要反映出读者一些错误的主旨总结习惯,所以比较难出。正确选项要出得大家都没有异议也有一定难度。首先,确定正确选项:A:Teach an Abusive Writer’s Work?(要教授行为粗鲁的作者的作品吗?) 因为第1段,第2段作者都提出了这个问题,但后面也没有答案。说明这就是作者文章的中心:提出一个这样的困惑。这篇文章的关键词是“writer”,这个词一定会包含在正确答案中。其次,设计干扰选项:所有干扰项设计采用了同一个策略,就是从段首句找醒目词。选项B是第3段的开头,但Writer in Print and Person只是作者开设的一门课程的名称。选项C利用Syllabus一次将考生目光引向第1段,但第1段作者提出Syllabus(大纲)的问题,只是作为引言,引起大家想象,如果大纲里很多作品的作者都有问题,那么大纲岂不要重写了吗?就像叠叠高游戏一样,很多支撑木块都抽掉后,叠叠高的塔就倒掉了。选项D利用regret一词将考生目光引向最后一段,但这一段只是作者的感慨。英汉对照:1 When you are a writer who learns a beloved author has a dark side, you experience(v.) waves of disillusionment. When you teach that author’s work, you feel an additional stab of concern: What about my syllabus? As intellectual propertygoes, a great syllabus is a gold mine. Or perhaps a better metaphor would be a Jenga Game. Take away too many supporting pieces and the whole thing will topple.当你是一位作家,知道了某位受人爱戴的作家有黑暗的一面,你会经历一波幻灭的浪潮。当你讲授这位作家的作品时,你会感到额外的担忧:我的教学大纲怎么办?随着知识产权的发展,优秀的教学大纲就是金矿。也许更好的暗喻是一种叠叠高游戏。拿走太多的支撑物,整个塔就会倒塌。2 Do we continue to teach the work of people we now suspectof behaving unethically or abusively? News stories have suggested prominent writer Díaz may have acted in predatory ways. The Pulitzer Prize Board has launched an investigation of past Pulitzer winner Díaz regarding allegations that include forcibly kissing one author and verbally bullying another. As a reader, I’m devastated. As a teacher, I’ve got decisions to make.我们继续讲授那些人的作品,那些让我们现在怀疑行为不道德、粗暴的人的作品吗?新闻报道已经暗示著名作家迪亚兹可能有强暴式行为。普利策奖委员会展开了调查对曾经的普利策奖得主迪亚兹,调查关于某些指控,包括强吻一名作者和口头辱骂另一位作者的指控。作为一名读者,我非常震惊。作为一位教师,我必须做出决定。3 “Writers in Print and Person,” my class at American University,where I often adjunct, invites undergraates to alternate sustained analysis of a book with the opportunity to meet and question the author. Most of our craft learning is subsequently channeled through eight to 10 books assigned for annotation, a selection tailored to students indivially. Because of the particular scope of my responsibilities, and these modes of student learning, I have always emphasized the writer as a fully dimensioned being. What do I do when those dimensional flaws are revealed?“作品中的作者和真正的作者”是我在美国大学上的一门课,在那里我经常兼职,并邀请本科生对一本书进行交替持续的分析,让他们有机会去认识和质疑作者。然后,让学生读八到十本书并做注释,我们大部分写作技巧的学习是通过这八到十本书的引导进行,这些书形成的选集是针对学生个性化定制选择的。由于我的职责的特定范围,以及学生学习的这种模式,我一直强调作者是一个全方位的存在。当那些有瑕疵的维度被揭露时,我该做什么?4 Here’s what I can’t do: pretend that this is not happening. Much of the economy surrounding a contemporary writing career rests not just in what that author does on the page but what the person says at the microphone and in the classroom. I’ve never been a full-time academic. Yet I’ve served as a writer-in-residence four times. In other words, I cross paths with thousands of students, many of whom tell me about their aspirations of becoming writers.我知道我不能做什么:假装这一切都没有发生。围绕着当代写作生涯的许多经济效益不仅仅在于作者在书上写了什么,而且在于他在麦克风和教室里说的话。我从来不是全职的学术型学者。然而,我曾四次作为住校作家。换句话说,我和成千上万的学生不期而遇,他们中的许多人告诉我他们有想成为作家的志向。5 These are students who wait in line afterward, sometimes for hours, so that the author can sign their copy of the book we put on the syllabus. These are the students who nervously apply fora faraway workshop, and then hustle to cover the expenses, so that they can work with a celebrated writer. These are the students who trust in both that writer’s aesthetic expertise and best intentions.这些学生是有时排队等候几个小时,只为了让教学大纲上的某本书的作者能够签上名字。这些学生紧张地申请一个远在外地的工作坊,然后赶紧支付费用,以便能跟一位著名作家学习。这些学生既相信作家的美学知识,又相信他们的最佳意图。6 I look back with deep regretat times I’ve recommended someone as a mentor, editor or visiting writer, unaware of a history of abusive attitudes.我回头想想,深感遗憾的是,有时我推荐某人做导师、编辑或访问作家,并没有意识到他态度粗鲁的过去。
考研英语一真题及答案【完型填空】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast.1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15 Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案(1-20)1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up关于2020考研英语一完型填空的真题及答案就分享到这里啦。回过头来看,考研是一场孤独的战斗,可能这一年都是自己一个去图书馆,一个人去食堂,一个人回宿舍……虽然过程很辛苦,但你全心全意为自己拼的样子真的很棒,不负梦想,不负自己,加油!现在2021考研的小伙伴也开始准备了,作为考研过来人,学姐给你分享一些考研英语专用书单。单词书:闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》,里面单词很全,还有重点,按考频划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词和超纲词,你可以根据自己的情况记,先背频考词,再背基础词和其它词,记起来很省时间。真题书:英一真题推荐《考研真相》,英二真题推荐《考研圣经》,里面真题都是逐句图示分析,重点单词和句子语法都有分析,很适合英语基础弱的考研er用,完全不用担心看不懂真题~~作文书:英语一《写作160篇》英语二《写作宝中宝》,你要是英语底子比较弱,不会写作文的话,真的建议你用这个。从常用的词汇、句型、模板都给你总结了,不会写那就直接背!再用思路定律和句式方法,让你从会写作文到会写高分作文。
关注百家号,分享更多法考、考研资料一、原文赏析Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the proctivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, proctivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average ring the previous decade. And since 1991, proctivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978-1987 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is e to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a "disjunction" between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in proctivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace — all that re-engineering and downsizing — are only one contribution to the overall proctivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in ecation and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing proctivity: switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much.Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose.Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much "re-engineering" has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the rections in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability. BBDO's Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as mere rubbish — "the worst sort of ambulance-chasing".二、译文赏析人们说,不劳就无获。但是,如果有劳却无获又会怎样呢?在美国,无论你走到哪里都会听到企业复苏的故事。商人们自认为的他们所领导的生产力革命是否确有其事,这一点更加难以确定。官方的统计数字却有点不让人乐观。这些数据表明,如果把制造业和服务业合起来算,1987年以来生产力平均增长1.2%。这比前10年的平均增长速度略快。自1991年来,生产力每年约增长2%。这比1978年—1987年的平均增长速度高两倍以上。问题在于,近年发生的生产力快速增长部分是由于商业周期通常到了这时候就会出现的反弹造成的,因而它不是经济复苏已经是潜在趋势的结论性证据。正如财政部长罗伯特鲁宾所说的,生产力发生飞跃的商业传奇与统计数字所反映的情况之间存在着一种“脱节”。这其中的一些原因很容易解释。企业重组的新方法——所有那些重新设计和缩小规模的做法——只是对一个经济的整体生产力做出了一方面的贡献,而这种经济的发展还收到许多其他因素的驱动,如设备、机械上的联合投资,新技术,以及教育和培训上的投资。另外,公司的大部分改革是为了赢利,而达到赢利的目的不一定非要提高生产力:转入新的市场或改善产品质量也会有同样的功效。其他两种解释带有很大的猜测性。一种解释是近年来所进行的公司重组也许并未奏效。另一种则说,即使有所成效,效果也不像人们所设想的那样广泛。哈佛学者,快速增长的面包连锁店Au Bon Pain的前任总裁莱昂纳多施莱辛格说,许多“重组”是粗糙的。他认为很多情况下,企业收益的损失超出了成本的降低。他的同事迈克比尔说,太多的公司已用机械的方式进行重组,在没有充分考虑到长期赢利能力的情况下降低了成本。BBDO的艾尔罗森夏恩更加直率。他把许多重组咨询专家所做的工作视为垃圾——“典型的劳而无获”。三、题目赏析1. According to the author, the American economic situation is ________.[A] not as good as it seems[B] at its turning point[C] much better than it seems[D] near to complete recovery正确答案为: [A] 意为:并不像表面看上去那样好。第一段第三、四句指出,美国到处都在谈论所谓公司的振兴(tales of corporate revival),但是,商界自认为正在进行的所谓生产率革命究竟是否名符其实(for real),这一点却很难确定。该句实际上是全文的主旨,从反面提出了下文旨在回答的问题,所谓生产率革命根本不存在,官方的统计数字也并不怎么乐观;该段第四句指出,问题是;最近显示出的增长部分是由商业领域里此时出现的正常的反弹(rebound)造成的,因此,不能将它看作是更深层的(当指生产率)振兴的证据。由题目能够定位到第一段的这一句:What is harder to establish is whether the proctivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.其意思是:商人们自认为的他们所领导的生产力革命是否确有其事,这一点更加难以确定。因此可以看出作者觉得美国经济形式并不像商人们说的那样好,因此联系到了A选项。最后一段引用了几个专家的评价,对目前进行的促进生产率发展的措施进行了否定,特别是罗森伯格的评价,在他看来,目前负责调整经济的顾问们所做的工作,多数都是垃圾(没有成效),是典型的“于事无补”(ambulance-chasing)。B意为:处于转折阶段。文章中只是说经济发展并不乐观,但是还没有达到转折的地步,因此该选项属于夸张类干扰项。C意为:比现状要好得多。这个和原文意思恰恰相反,同作者的中心思想相违背。换句话说,这个是作者要批驳的观点。D意为;几乎要实现全面复苏了。此选项同C选项,都是与作者思想相违背的,更何况,复苏这个词根本无从谈起。2. The official statistics on proctivity growth ________.[A] exclude the usual rebound in a business cycle[B] fall short of businessmen's anticipation[C] meet the expectation of business people[D] fail to reflect the true state of economy正确答案为:[B] 意为:与商人的预想不符。或:不像商人预想的那样好。第二段指出,官方的统计数字也并不怎么乐观,如果将制造业和服务业算在一起(lump... together),1989年以来生产率平均增长了1.2%,比前十年的平均指数略有增长;1991年后,生产率每年增长约2%,是1978年至1987年这十年平均指数的一倍多。然而问题是:最近显示出的增长部分是由商业领域里此时出现的正常的反弹造成的,因此,不能将它看作是更深层的(当指生产率)振兴的证据。正如财政部长鲁宾所说的那样,一方面,大量的商业神话似乎表明生产率的激增(leap),另一方面,(官方的)统计数字又是另一番景象,二者之间存在着一个“差距”(disjunction)。定位到第二段的这几句:There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a "disjunction" between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in proctivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.其意思是:正如财政部长罗伯特鲁宾所说的,生产力发生飞跃的商业传奇与统计数字所反映的情况之间存在着一种“脱节”。商业传奇即是说大量的商业神话似乎表明生产率的激增(leap)。因此,可以得出结论,经济发展的实际情况和商人们所塑造的神话有脱节,即联系到了B选项。A意为:排除了商业领域里出现的正常的反弹。此选项定位到了原文第二段中的The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is e to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle,意思是:近年发生的生产力快速增长部分是由于商业周期通常到了这时候就会出现的反弹造成的。但是官方统计时并未排除此反弹,在原文中没有根据。原文只是说这个反弹是个trouble,但是并未说找个trouble被排除了。C意为:与商人预想的一致。这个与B选项正好矛盾,参考B选项的解释。D意为:没有准确地反映经济的状况。该选项的说法太笼统了,虽然由原文得出了“脱节”的结论,但是请注意,是生产力发生飞跃的商业传奇与统计数字所反映的情况之间存在着一种“脱节”,而不是该官方统计与经济情况存在脱节。至少,原文并未说该统计不准确,而只是说该统计与商人们预料的不符。3. The author raises the question "what about pain without gain?" because ________.[A] he questions the truth of "no gain without pain"[B] he does not think the proctivity revolution works[C] he wonders if the official statistics are misleading[D] he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses正确答案为:[B] 意为:他认为所谓的生产率革命并未奏效。第一段指出,人们常说:不劳则无所获,但是,要是劳而无获呢?美国到处都在谈论所谓公司的振兴,但是,商界自认为正在进行的所谓生产率革命究竟是否名符其实,这一点却很难确定。作者的观点在此其实已表达得很清楚。另外,从第三段来看,所谓的生产率革命包括了改组企业(business restructuring, reengineering)等一系列措施,正如第四段所指出的,近年所进行的一些重组措施也许并未奏效,而且,即使有所成效,效果也没有人们想像的那样广泛。在最后一段,作者引用了几个专家的评价,这几位专家对目前进行的促进生产率发展的措施更是持否定态度。作者的引用当然带有很大的倾向性,用以支持自己的观点。第一段指出,人们常说:不劳则无所获,但是,要是劳而无获呢?美国到处都在谈论所谓公司的振兴,但是,商界自认为正在进行的所谓生产率革命究竟是否名符其实,这一点却很难确定。作者的观点在此其实已表达得很清楚,就是说所谓的生产率革命并没起多大作用。而且由其他段也可看出,现实的数据与商人们所想的存在脱节,因此他们所鼓吹的革命并不奏效。因此联系到了B选项另请参考第55、56题题解。A意为:他对“不劳则无所获”的真实性提出质疑。该选择项过于局限于字面意思。该选择项过于局限于字面意思,而与作者的真正用意无关。这是一个用字面意思来迷惑考生的干扰项。C意为:他认为官方的统计数宁可能有错。正好相反,他们认为所谓的商业振兴仅仅是假象。联系上一道题,作者并未说官方的统计数据不符合实际。如果上道题明白的话,就会第一个排除此选项的。D意为:他获得了商业振兴的确凿证据。这个选项有两个大错误。首先作者压根没说商业振兴,反而在说经济情况不如想象中的好。第二个错误是所谓的确凿证据无从说起。文章中所有的例证都是在说明“脱节”这个问题,而不是在说什么商业振兴。4. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?[A] Radical reforms are essential for the increase of proctivity.[B] New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase proctivity.[C] The rection of costs is not a sure way to gain long-term profitability.[D] The consultants are a bunch of good-for-nothings.正确答案为:[A] 意为:激进的改革对生产率的提高极其重要。首先要看清楚题目,是说文章未提到的,大家一定不要犯这种低级错误,选了文章提到过的选项。,作者只指出促进生产率革命的措施并未奏效,未达到人们想象的效果,而并末提到应该如何才对。这属于过度引申的干扰项。B意为:用新方法改变工作场所可以提高生产率。第三段第二句指出,重新改变工作场所仅是加快一个国家的国民经济综合生产率水平(overall proctivity of an economy)的一种措施,促进生产率发展的因素还有许多,如:设备和机器投资、新技术、教育和培训投资等都会带来生产率的提高。C意为:降低成本并不能保证带来长期利润。根据第五段第三句,在比尔看来,许多公司机械地(in a mechanistic fashion)应用改革措施,降低了成本,但对长期盈利却考虑不够。可见,降低成本和长期盈利并非总是成正比。D意为:顾问们是一伙饭桶。不要以为这种骂人句肯定不会出现在原文中,那你就犯了主观主义错误了。文章最后一段指出,在罗森伯格看来,目前负责经济调整的顾问们所做的工作,多数都是垃圾(没有成效),是典型的“于事无补”。欢迎在下方评论区留言分享。
最近,2021考研的小伙伴们开始复习考研了,很多人都在问考研英语一都考什么题型?怎么备考英语......今天就统一回答一下吧。英语一题型有完形(10分)、阅读(40分)、阅读新题型(10分)、翻译(10分)、写作(小作文和大作文)小作文有两种备选题型,每年仅选用一种,小作文(10分)、大作文(20分)。首先,了解一下复习顺序。如何安排各个科目的复习顺序?①公共课根据不同学科的考查特征和学习特点合理安排。英语和数学主要考查综合运用能力,很难在短时间内有很大提升;政治记忆量很大,过早复习容易导致遗忘。所以,比较科学的顺序是:英语数学先下手,巩固基础好提升;考研政治时效强,考前复习不慌张。②专业课根据目标院校的考试要求和自身差距合理安排。如果差距较大,应该提早准备,尤其是跨专业考研(同专业跨校考研,目标院校的考试范围和参考用书和自己大学期间所学一般也会有很大差别,也应尽早准备);如果差距一般或较小,可以晚点儿准备。关于备考,考研英语复习肯定是得从单词开始,跟着再做真题。毕竟单词没背多少,你去看文章,估计也看不懂个什么。你要基础差,现在马上准备21考研了,寒假没事的时候就背背单词吧。一、背单词:我是2月开始背单词,当时每天背单词的时间安排是这样的:早上1小时:50个+复习前一天。15分钟把前一天没背下的词过一遍,然后用45分钟背当天的。每个词上停留的时间不要超过30秒,认识的直接划掉。中午30分钟:看着汉语回忆英语,再遮住汉语回想词义,想不出来或者不太准确的做上第1个标记。下午30分钟:将做标记的词同样用英汉互译的方式来记忆,记不下来的做上第2个标记。睡前15分钟:将有两个标记的词再复习一次,记不住的标记第3次,第二天早上做复习。你会发现,其实能标记3次的词是非常少的。整个英语复习全程,核心词至少可以背过6轮,甚至更多,这样的单词基础是非常扎实的。或者你可以参考方法一:(1)、早上醒来先背40分钟单词,因为早上脑子清醒,效率高,大概能背30个。(2)、中午吃完饭要消食,站着背单词,背30分钟,能背20个。另外,睡前背单词效果特别好,大脑会在睡梦中帮你整理(反正很复杂很高端,但是有科学依据),醒来稍微复习一下,都会觉得记得特别牢。(3)、晚上7点开始学习,7点到7点半,背20个单词;然后花40分钟复习今天背过的所有单词。8点半之前结束,开始学其他科目。方法二:1、提前划出当天的背诵范围,一般70个就可以,如果有你特别熟的单词,直接跳过,不计入总数。一本单词书里5000多个单词,不可能每个都不会,再不济你还有之前考过四六级的底子在呢。2、75个单词可以分批背,不要压着自己集中背完,别让背单词成为一个想起来就头疼的任务。适当的压力很有必要,但是过度了就是负担。你可以早上背25个,中午背25个,下午背25个。总之,拆解任务很重要。3、每周要抽出一天复习。巩固这周背的单词,也给大脑一个缓冲时间。复习时要分别盖住英语和汉语,检测自己哪些单词没掌握,就复习那些没掌握的。方法三:可以早上记10个,吃午饭前记10个,午休起来的缓冲时间记10个,吃完晚饭之后利用休息时间记10个。晚上就复习白天记的单词。这样一天下来40-50个单词完全是OK的。坚持下去,一个月最少可以记1200个单词,所以不要小看日常的小积累。无论哪种方法,记单词就用《考研词汇闪过》,重点很清晰省时间,还有常考短语讲用法,记了单词还会用。二、分题型复习方法阅读每天至少3篇,我的方法是:1.每段翻译,最好能总结成一句话。这主要就是提炼段落大意,理清文章的大概内容。2.找出段落的中心句,这个要特别注意下!很多时候中心句就是出题的关键。(前期练题找关键词,有可能费的时间会多点,坚持就好了)3.阅读要控制时间,15分钟左右一篇,掐时间做题:养成专心做阅读的好习惯,也不至于考试的时候,因为阅读浪费了太多时间,作文都没空写了。4.前期遇到不懂的句子,千万不要死钻先画出来,不影响大意就跳过。主要是培养你自己翻译文章,看完一篇文章之后再去看解析。5.利用《考研真相》(很适合基础薄弱大幅提分用。每个句子都拆分图解,重点单词有标注,完全没有阅读障碍,其他真题书只挑了个别长句子分析)一定要总结真题里不熟的词汇,专业性太强的词可以忽略,本来词汇量就少,再不总结着背诵就更少了!;6.学习解析里面的做题思路,英语一真题《考研真相》/英二《圣经》里面的解题思路很清晰,除了从题干分析找出正确答案外,还从选项分析,逐一排除干扰项,帮你提高做题正确率。基础差想大幅提分的人得好好看!其他真题书在解题方面是已知正确答案套选项,从答案入手分析,为答案找依据,但是下次遇到其他题还是不会解。新题型:①先普及一下新题型的有关知识。阅读理解B节(新题型)主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。本节有3种备选题型。每次从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查:A.在一篇总长度为500~600的文章中有5段空白,文章后有6~7段文字。要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。(七选五)B.在一篇长度约500~600词的文章中,各段落的原有顺序已被打乱。要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落(7~8个)重新排序,其中有2~3个段落在文章中的位置已给出。(排序题)C.在一篇长度约500词的文章前或后有6~7段文字或6~7个概括句或小标题。这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括、阐述或举例。要求考生根据文章内容,从这6~7个选项中选出最恰当的5段文字或5个标题填入文章的空白处。(小标题)②新题型的解题线索是寻找语段特征词。七选五和排序题主要考查语段连贯性,故语段特征词(能够体现连贯性和一致性的词语)是这两类题型的直接解题线索(通过语段特征词,我们可迅速判断上下文之间有什么联系,进而实现快速解题);小标题主要考查段落主旨,故我们可通过语段特征词快速判断段落结构,找到该段的论述中心,归纳主旨,进而得出正确答案。③常见的考研英语文章的段落结构或语段特征有:A.总分结构;B.分总结构;C.总分总结构;D.因果结构;E.转折结构;F.让步结构。其中,实例作为论据必然是为论点服务的,文章的重心应该是论点,所以举例关系实际上也是一种总分关系。作文:每天积累热点词汇和句子。每周写1篇大作文,1篇小作文。建议写2篇作文的时间控制在40分钟左右,大作文15-25分钟,小作文10分钟左右。作文不会写,不知从哪入手就用英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》,基础薄弱大幅提分专用,通过词句段篇帮你补基础,让你有内容可写;再通过练习话题来查漏补缺,可以全面提升作文水平。完形:最近几年考题的趋势,完形的难度都在降低。原来有可能会说,没时间就把完形放在最后做,或者全选一个选项。因为完形的答案是ABCD各4个。但我的建议还是跟着真题练习完形,不要把完形空着。觉得难,就直接用套路做题。完型我没有像阅读和新题型那样深入复习,在此为大家总结几个小窍门。①重视近义词和形近词辨析。完型的4个选项中,经常会出现让你“傻傻分不清楚”的选项。一般情况下,绝对同义的两个选项都错;相对同义的两个选项,也就是“约等于”选项,一般是出题点或题眼,两者的细微差别就是考试的考点。另外,需要注意的是,所谓的“反义选项”,理论上应该是二选一,但也可能两者都不选,要以题目为准。②牢记常见的固定搭配。在平日复习时,需加强对高频短语的积累,尤其应关注重点单词的不同搭配。③注意联系上下文。完型也是从一篇完整的文章中抠出来一部分字词,所以要注意文章的行文思路和表示转折、让步、对比、并列、递进、举例、原因、结果、目的、条件、总分的语段特征词。实际上,从完型的全名Use of English就可以看出,它重在考查我们的语言运用能力。只要我们前期基础知识复习得比较扎实,也仔细研读了每1篇阅读文章,扫清了词汇和语法障碍,并一句一句梳理过文章的行文思路,完型得分一定不会很差。虽然我没有在完型上花费太多时间,但估分时也能得一多半的分数,一定要在前端下功夫!上面就是关于考研英语一怎么备考的一些心得体验了,希望对考研的你有帮助。
小编在第一时间更新考研英语的作文试题题目,现在是粗糙的版本,后续会更新完整的英语一和英语二的试题答案解析内容。下面给大家整理英语一、英语二大小作文的真题内容。英语一大小作文真题题目(网友回忆版)题目是大概的内容,具体文字等内容后续更新。小作文:我为" Aiding Rural Primary School"工作,一个国际志愿者有 require,我 answer。要求写出我那个 project 的细节,署名 Li Ming大作文:俩人爬山,一个人坐下说太累了不爬了,另一个人边爬边递水给另一个人瓶水,说休息一下接着爬英语二大小作文真题题目(不完整版,可参考)Part ADirections: Suppose professor Smith ask you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic, write an email to him1)Suggest a topic and with your reasons,2) And your arangementYou should write about 700 words on the ANSWER SHEETDon' t use your own name, use"Zhang Wei instead. Don t write your address. (10 points)Part BDirections Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should interpret the chart, and give yourcommentsYou should write about I50 wordsneatly on the ANSWER SHEET(15 points)另附上网友发出来的部分英语一的部分参考答案:据网友回忆,考研英语一阅读排序题参考答案为DABGE;据网友回忆,英语一阅读参考答案如下:21 A enhance banker's sense of responsibility22 D "short-termism" in economic activities23 B adverse24 C the approaches to promoting "long-termism"25 B patience as a corporate virture26 D The change of course catologs27 C To help freshmen adapt to college learning28 D obtain more financial support29 B To complement each other30 C analyzing the causes behind it31 D involves some concerns raised by AI today32 A is too limited for us to reproce it33 C is still beyond our capacity34 B affirmation35 B Frankenstein, the Novel predicting the Age of AI36 C make more online shopper pay sale tax37 B were considered unfavorable by states38 harmed fiar market competition39 Big chain owners40 gives a factual account of it and discuss its consequences好了,还是那一句,别急着对答案,考后的休息是十分重要的,小编在这里预祝大家第二天的考试顺利~
问题:考研英语用什么书?一、考研英语用什么书——词汇书A.单词我直接就用的乱序版闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》,这本背起来很方便的一点就是把考研词汇都按重要程度划分了,就是必考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词,你就直接可以按每一单元的顺序进行背诵。B.记单词方法你从开始复习到最后考研前,单词最少都得刷到3遍。人是有记忆周期的,你不可能记住就不忘了,所以只有每天重复。除了前期完整时间段,你有大量的时间去重复去默写。你后期每天只能快速的过单词,这样才能缩短背单词的时间。你可以规定自己每天背多少单词,那个时间段背。然后每天都重复这样的背单词的任务,一遍遍的过单词书。如果坚持这样“刷”单词,到了考前其实你对这些单词都有很深的印象。比如每天8:00 - 10:00背2小时单词,一单元或者50个单词。总而言之:单词就是多背!没啥别的方法!二、考研英语用什么书——真题书我就用的是英语一的《考研真相》做真题,解析详细,一句一句分析语法、注释词汇,很适合基础薄弱的同学,边做题边补基础。①解析:看解析怎么看,过完翻译,看看答案就算完了吗?正确应该是:先自己翻译一遍文章,把不会的都勾出来。如果能笔译最好,这样更能看出你遗漏以及逻辑出错的点在哪。然后再开始对照解析,把不懂的都总结在一个本子上,也好方便之后复习。②结构:我就拿《考研真相》举例《考研真相》有一部分是分析文章段落框架的,有可能很多人在做题往往就忽视了框架这一问题。但是一般阅读后两个提问都会根据文章框架和逻辑来出题,所以在看题后,也可以自己总结一遍框架,再去对照资料中的思路。(复习的时候把不懂的长难句都挑了出来,记在纸上订在一起)考研英语基本就是重复这些任务,所以你一定得耐得住性子!每天进步一点,加起来的成果还是很可观的!
考研英语经验写在前面:我考英语一,英语基础比较差,所以选资料的时候会比较慎重,复习也会提前。辅导书:单词《考研词汇闪过》语法《长难句闪过》真题《考研真相》作文《写作160篇》刷题《真题真练》背单词 扇贝单词经验总结:「背单词+语法+做真题」答题顺序:小作文→大作文→阅读A→阅读B→翻译→完型单词篇:1、从三月开始每天背《考研词汇闪过》100个/天我是书和APP穿插使用的,有时候带书不是很方便,碎片时间就用APP来记单词。备考的9个月几乎所有碎片时间都在刷单词:吃饭、坐车、睡前……最开始一天100个,逐渐增加到一天600,反复的刷。单词这个东西背了很容易忘,我是深有体会,不过反复背就会有效果,哪怕写不出来,但要知道意思;2、近8年真题里生僻单词死抠不留死角,要注意一词多义,放在句子中理解单词,记下来你不认识的单词,直到搞明白为止;3、单词要刷到考前最后一天,哪怕只刷50个也要继续;4、我语法不好,每天会留一个小时用《长难句闪过》学习语法,对后期做真题有很大帮助。真题篇:1、真题是考研复习最宝贵的复习资料,任何模拟题都没办法比,还有“得阅读者得英语”这句话是真的;2、我复习真题阅读只用了《考研真相》逐词逐句讲解的真题。从98年开始,二十几年的真题完全够刷,弄明白所有题工程量巨大,所以考英语一不建议再刷英语二的题,我当时也买了英语二,做了几套发现思路也是不一样的,而且其实没有多大的精力去刷;3、从三月开始每天做1-2篇真题阅读,前5年的真题可以按照题型去做;4、留下近3年的题考前模拟用;5、先答题,然后翻译全文,生词查出来,再看刚才的选项要不要改,最后对答案,看懂正确选项的原因,也要看懂错误选项的问题和陷阱;6、真题要刷两次及以上;二刷可以不用逐句翻译,但是不要记答案,要重新做,如果原来错的题还错,那你就要重点关注这些题,可以买个《真题真练》二刷三刷,比复印还便宜;7、完型第一遍通读文章,第二遍再选,结合全文和上下文,答案一定是abcd选项各五个,很平均,每一到五个题都是abcd+一个任意选项。如果实在最后没有时间了,只能瞎蒙,那不如都选一样的,还能得2分。作文+翻译篇:1、方法:背诵→默写→仿写;2、每天都背,我从九月开始每天背一个小作文和半个大作文+昨天的背诵默写,然后仿写;3、9月开始听张国静的视频课,我报的是翻译和作文,张国静老师的三步作文法还是很有名气的。翻译的话每天一个英一的翻译句子大概30分钟,每周一总结。
嗨,这里是小恬的第七篇文章。在前面六篇文章中,小恬已经把一篇完型、四篇阅读和一篇七选五翻译完毕(点击蓝字链接即可阅读)2020考研英语一真题翻译22020考研英语一真题翻译32020考研英语一真题翻译42020考研英语一真题翻译52020考研英语一真题翻译6剩余的翻译、作文部分因为大家都有答案,就准备只将三道题目翻译一下。另外为了感谢大家的收藏和分享,小恬打算在文末跟大家分享一下完型、阅读和七选五的答题技巧,都是干货啦。第三部分 翻译仔细阅读以下文本,然后将画横线部分翻译成中文。你的翻译应该整洁地书写在答题卡上。(10分)第四部分 写作A部分你的大学的学生会安排你通知国际学生一个即将到来的歌唱音乐会。写一则百字左右的公告。将你的答案写在答题卡上。在公告里不要用你自己的名字。B部分根据下面的图片写一篇160到200字的文章。在文章中,你应该:1、简要描述图片2、说明隐含意义3、给出你的观点将答案写在答题卡上。(20分)考研英语真题答题技巧分享:一、完型1.梳理介词意义考研英语对常见单词考得很细,尤其是介词(如to, by, with用于连接句子成分)、连词(如since, if, unless, while可用于连接句子)这些种类的单词,本身数量并不多,更容易掌握。备考时将这些词语统计一下,一个一个对照词典查好共有哪些意义,还有相互之间的辨析,如20年真题的in, on, at, under。2.犹豫不决时,将候选单词分别放上去默读,选择通顺的那个。如完型最后一题,just end up with就比just follow up with通顺,也是最恰当的。二、阅读理解1.分类型做题。一般看完文章后,不要立刻答题,而是先看题目类型。对于文章主要内容learn from the text、文章标题best title of the text的可以作答,因为考察的是文章主要内容和思想倾向,这在文章总是重复出现而且第一印象会比较深刻。而题目限定了某一段(出现Paragraph)、某个人、某个机构(句中单词首字母会大写如第二篇文章的Elsevier,第三篇文章的Catalyst,甚至以缩略词出现,整个单词大写,如第四篇文章OECO)的时候,需要回到文章,寻找对应的目标。此时不要太相信自己的记忆完全依靠它来作答,因为记忆是偏向总体性、主观的,而细节是部分的、客观的,往往会有出入。2.利用出题顺序。一般来说,细节理解题的顺序与文章段落顺序一致,寻找答案时可以依据段落顺序寻找。例如,如果第一题对应了第一段,第二题的就在第二三段,搜索关键词的时候可以不用看第一段和比较后的段落。如第四篇文章,第37题提到Paragraph 2(第二段),第39题提到Paragraph 5(第五段),那么第38题肯定在第三、四段找。3.原文与答案对比。此时需要细心对照,一般完全不同和完全相同的可以直接排除。出现原文同义词的大概率是正确答案。如第36题,选项的impose a levy 和原文的impose a…… tax, 选项的 tech multinationals和原文的multinationals that ……digital services 就是部分完全相同,部分同义词替换。三、七选五1.锁定关键词。七选五一般是一段选一句,我们需要从段落层面概括每一段的大意,提炼核心,再与七个句子的关键词比对,挑选最适合的一项。2.注意修饰词。七个句子一般都不是长句,每个单词都有其存在的意义,不能随便删除,故而其中的修饰词必须在上下文中有所体现。如G选项的could also be,也,那么前文肯定出现过与主语eye contact或者表语aggressive相同或者相反的单词。对比C选项can be friendly,可以判断的是,如果C和G两个选项都需要选进文中,C填入的空格肯定在G前。尤其注意定语(如选项的most, biological, friendly),它们或是它们的同义词需要在对应的段落出现。当然,所有答题技巧都要靠实力支撑,否则也只能沦为奇技淫巧。考研初试英语实力,主要靠的单词和语法基础。再次推荐一下新概念系列,多看、多读、多分析其中的文章,搞定语法和单词。这门课程对提升听说能力也大有裨益。祝大家初试第一、复试第一、总分第一,成功上岸!